CN118322947A - Intelligent energy optimization control device and method for hydrogen fuel cell power system - Google Patents
Intelligent energy optimization control device and method for hydrogen fuel cell power system Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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Abstract
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置及方法，属于氢能动力装置技术领域。燃料电池、动力电池、外部负载分别与能量控制板的端口连接，能量控制板实时获得电池容量信号显示器、功率需求信号显示器的输出信号调节动力电池的输出功率。本发明确保燃料电池在最佳工作状态下运行，提高燃料电池的使用寿命；灵活应对外部负载变化，优化能量回收和分配策略；以及在动力电池容量不同阶段，合理利用动力电池辅助燃料电池，以提升系统的整体能量效率和性能。
An intelligent energy optimization control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system belongs to the technical field of hydrogen power devices. The fuel cell, power battery, and external load are respectively connected to the ports of the energy control board, and the energy control board obtains the output signals of the battery capacity signal display and the power demand signal display in real time to adjust the output power of the power battery. The present invention ensures that the fuel cell operates in the best working state and increases the service life of the fuel cell; flexibly responds to changes in external loads and optimizes energy recovery and distribution strategies; and at different stages of the power battery capacity, reasonably utilizes the power battery to assist the fuel cell to improve the overall energy efficiency and performance of the system.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于氢能动力装置技术领域，涉及一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置及方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen power devices, and relates to an intelligent energy optimization control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system.
背景技术Background technique
目前市场上的氢燃料电池动力装置普遍面临几个主要问题：首先，许多系统无法确保燃料电池始终以最优的工作状态运行，导致燃料电池的使用寿命缩短；其次，能量管理策略不够灵活，难以有效应对外部负载变化，特别是在能量回收和高负载需求情况下的能量调配；再者，现有系统往往未能充分利用动力电池，特别是在动力电池容量较低时的能量管理策略不够完善，无法最大化系统的整体效率和性能。Hydrogen fuel cell power units currently on the market generally face several major problems: first, many systems cannot ensure that the fuel cell always operates in the optimal working state, resulting in a shortened service life of the fuel cell; second, the energy management strategy is not flexible enough to effectively respond to changes in external loads, especially in energy recovery and energy allocation under high load demand conditions; third, existing systems often fail to fully utilize the power battery, especially when the power battery capacity is low, the energy management strategy is not perfect enough to maximize the overall efficiency and performance of the system.
在先专利申请方面，虽然有尝试通过改进能量管理策略来提高氢燃料电池系统效率的专利，但这些专利往往没有充分解决燃料电池在不同负载条件下的最优运行问题，也未能有效整合动力电池的辅助功能，以提高系统整体的能量效率和稳定性。In terms of prior patent applications, although there are patents that attempt to improve the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell systems by improving energy management strategies, these patents often do not fully address the optimal operation of fuel cells under different load conditions, nor do they effectively integrate the auxiliary functions of power batteries to improve the overall energy efficiency and stability of the system.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明针对现有技术问题，提供一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置及方法，In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent energy optimization control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system.
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，包括动力电池、能量控制板、外部负载、燃料电池、DCDC电池模块、电池容量信号显示器、功率需求信号显示器及温度传感器，燃料电池与电池模块连接，电池模块与能量控制板连接，能量控制板与动力电池及外部负载连接，外部负载与功率需求信号显示器连接，动力电池与电池容量信号显示器连接，燃料电池与温度传感器连接。An intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system comprises a power battery, an energy control board, an external load, a fuel cell, a DCDC battery module, a battery capacity signal display, a power demand signal display and a temperature sensor, wherein the fuel cell is connected to the battery module, the battery module is connected to the energy control board, the energy control board is connected to the power battery and the external load, the external load is connected to the power demand signal display, the power battery is connected to the battery capacity signal display, and the fuel cell is connected to the temperature sensor.
燃料电池、动力电池、外部负载分别与能量控制板的端口连接，能量控制板实时获得电池容量信号显示器、功率需求信号显示器的输出信号调节动力电池的输出功率。The fuel cell, power battery and external load are respectively connected to the ports of the energy control board. The energy control board obtains the output signals of the battery capacity signal display and the power demand signal display in real time to adjust the output power of the power battery.
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制方法,含有以下步骤：燃料电池的输出经DCDC电池模块稳压后连接至能量控制板的端口，动力电池连接至能量控制板的端口，外部负载连接至能量控制板端口，动力电池将自身的电池容量、电池状态、电池温度数据实时发送至能量控制板，能量控制板实时监测外部负载的需求。An intelligent energy optimization control method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system comprises the following steps: the output of the fuel cell is connected to the port of an energy control board after being stabilized by a DCDC battery module, the power battery is connected to the port of the energy control board, an external load is connected to the port of the energy control board, the power battery sends its own battery capacity, battery status, and battery temperature data to the energy control board in real time, and the energy control board monitors the demand of the external load in real time.
本发明的优点是：当氢燃料电池动力系统独自对外部负载供能时，对于如电动车这样的动力装置，其功率变动往往非常频繁且变动幅度很大。在这种条件下燃料电池的输出功率往往偏离其额定功率。燃料电池长时间过低或过高的功率输出也会产生诸如膜电极受损、电池极化、过热等现象。针对这一问题，本发明所提出的智能能量优化控制系统，在氢燃料电池动力系统领域具有显著的四重优势：The advantages of the present invention are: when the hydrogen fuel cell power system alone supplies energy to the external load, for power devices such as electric vehicles, the power changes are often very frequent and the fluctuation range is large. Under such conditions, the output power of the fuel cell often deviates from its rated power. Long-term low or high power output of the fuel cell will also cause phenomena such as membrane electrode damage, battery polarization, overheating, etc. In response to this problem, the intelligent energy optimization control system proposed by the present invention has significant four advantages in the field of hydrogen fuel cell power systems:
1.对于燃料电池寿命的影响：、1. Impact on fuel cell life:
专利系统通过智能控制保证燃料电池在其额定功率下运行，有效减轻了由于负载波动导致的功率频繁调节带来的机械和热应力，降低了因反应物转化不完全或电池过热引发的内部损害。通过以上方法可显著延长燃料电池的使用寿命，减少了因恶劣的运行工况导致的维护和替换成本，从而在长期运行中产生更大的经济效益。The patented system ensures that the fuel cell operates at its rated power through intelligent control, effectively reducing the mechanical and thermal stress caused by frequent power adjustments due to load fluctuations, and reducing internal damage caused by incomplete reactant conversion or battery overheating. The above method can significantly extend the service life of the fuel cell, reduce the maintenance and replacement costs caused by harsh operating conditions, and thus generate greater economic benefits in long-term operation.
2.对于整体能量利用率的提升：2. Improvement of overall energy utilization:
本发明所采用的智能能量优化控制系统通过调整与燃料电池的稳压DCDC转换器连接的IO口的需求功率，能够确保作为主要能量供应源的燃料电池，在其额定运行条件下实现最高能量转换效率。这意味着系统整体的运行效率得以最大化，从而优化了能量的利用效果，降低了能源消耗，并提升了系统的经济效益。The intelligent energy optimization control system adopted by the present invention can ensure that the fuel cell, as the main energy supply source, achieves the highest energy conversion efficiency under its rated operating conditions by adjusting the required power of the IO port connected to the voltage-stabilizing DCDC converter of the fuel cell. This means that the overall operating efficiency of the system is maximized, thereby optimizing the energy utilization effect, reducing energy consumption, and improving the economic benefits of the system.
3.系统整体性能和稳定性方面的提升：3. Improvement of overall system performance and stability:
智能能量优化控制系统不仅提升了系统整体的峰值输出功率(动力电池和燃料电池同时对外输出)，还增强了系统在面对外部负载波动时的稳定性和可靠性。动力电池可以补足缺少的输出功率或储存来自燃料电池的多余能量，即使外部需求功率频繁且大幅变动，整个能量系统也能稳定运行。这种智能的功率管理提升了系统对不稳定外部条件的适应能力，增强了整体系统的可靠性和性能，尤其在需要快速响应的动力装置，如电动车中，这种稳定性尤为关键。The intelligent energy optimization control system not only improves the peak output power of the system as a whole (power batteries and fuel cells output to the outside at the same time), but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system in the face of external load fluctuations. The power battery can make up for the lack of output power or store excess energy from the fuel cell, so that the entire energy system can operate stably even if the external power demand is frequent and fluctuates greatly. This intelligent power management improves the system's adaptability to unstable external conditions and enhances the reliability and performance of the overall system, especially in power devices that require fast response, such as electric vehicles, where this stability is particularly critical.
4.系统安全性方面的提升4. Improvement of system security
本发明中的智能能量优化控制系统，通过实时监控动力电池的状态信息，精确调节系统能量供应模式以确保电池的安全运行。在动力电池容量过高且外部需求功率小于燃料电池额定功率时，系统会关闭燃料电池，自动转为动力电池供能模式，避免其过充风险。反之，当电量低于安全阈值时，系统会适当限制输出功率，确保仅在燃料电池的安全功率范围内运行，有效避免过放状况，从而保障了动力电池的安全与使用寿命。The intelligent energy optimization control system in the present invention monitors the status information of the power battery in real time and accurately adjusts the system energy supply mode to ensure the safe operation of the battery. When the power battery capacity is too high and the external power demand is less than the rated power of the fuel cell, the system will shut down the fuel cell and automatically switch to the power battery energy supply mode to avoid the risk of overcharging. Conversely, when the power is lower than the safety threshold, the system will appropriately limit the output power to ensure that it only operates within the safe power range of the fuel cell, effectively avoiding over-discharge conditions, thereby ensuring the safety and service life of the power battery.
本发明解决现有氢燃料电池动力装置在能量管理、燃料电池寿命优化、以及在不同负载条件下的性能调节方面存在的问题，旨在优化能量管理，延长燃料电池寿命，并提高整个系统的能量效率。The present invention solves the problems existing in existing hydrogen fuel cell power devices in energy management, fuel cell life optimization, and performance adjustment under different load conditions, aiming to optimize energy management, extend the fuel cell life, and improve the energy efficiency of the entire system.
本发明确保燃料电池在最佳工作状态下运行，提高燃料电池的使用寿命；灵活应对外部负载变化，优化能量回收和分配策略；以及在动力电池容量不同阶段，合理利用动力电池辅助燃料电池，以提升系统的整体能量效率和性能。The present invention ensures that the fuel cell operates in the best working state and increases the service life of the fuel cell; flexibly responds to changes in external loads and optimizes energy recovery and distribution strategies; and rationally utilizes power batteries to assist the fuel cell at different stages of power battery capacity to improve the overall energy efficiency and performance of the system.
本发明的动力装置能量控制系统能够有效提高氢燃料电池及整个动力系统的效率和寿命，同时优化能量的使用和储存，适应各种外部负载条件。The power device energy control system of the present invention can effectively improve the efficiency and life of the hydrogen fuel cell and the entire power system, while optimizing the use and storage of energy and adapting to various external load conditions.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。如图其中：In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. As shown in the figure:
图1为本发明的结构图。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的智能能量优化控制系统电路图。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an intelligent energy optimization control system of the present invention.
图3为本发明所使用的能量控制板的原理图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy control panel used in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
实施例1：如图1、图2及图3所示，一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，包括动力电池1，能量控制板2，外部负载3，燃料电池4，DCDC电池模块5，电池容量信号显示器6，功率需求信号显示器7及温度传感器8。燃料电池4与电池模块5连接，电池模块5与能量控制板2连接，能量控制板2与动力电池1及外部负载3连接，外部负载3与功率需求信号显示器7连接，动力电池1与电池容量信号显示器6连接，燃料电池4与温度传感器8连接，燃料电池4、动力电池1、外部负载3分别与能量控制板2的端口连接，能量控制板2实时获得电池容量信号显示器6、功率需求信号显示器7的输出信号，并据此按照特定规则调节动力电池的输出功率以达到延长氢燃料电池寿命、系统整体运行效率的目的。Embodiment 1: As shown in FIG1, FIG2 and FIG3, an intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system includes a power battery 1, an energy control board 2, an external load 3, a fuel cell 4, a DCDC battery module 5, a battery capacity signal display 6, a power demand signal display 7 and a temperature sensor 8. The fuel cell 4 is connected to the battery module 5, the battery module 5 is connected to the energy control board 2, the energy control board 2 is connected to the power battery 1 and the external load 3, the external load 3 is connected to the power demand signal display 7, the power battery 1 is connected to the battery capacity signal display 6, the fuel cell 4 is connected to the temperature sensor 8, the fuel cell 4, the power battery 1, and the external load 3 are respectively connected to the ports of the energy control board 2, the energy control board 2 obtains the output signals of the battery capacity signal display 6 and the power demand signal display 7 in real time, and adjusts the output power of the power battery according to specific rules to achieve the purpose of extending the life of the hydrogen fuel cell and the overall operation efficiency of the system.
实施例2：如图1、图2及图3所示，一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，由以下几个核心组件构成：Embodiment 2: As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , an intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system is composed of the following core components:
动力电池1为辅助能量储存单元，根据需求提供额外的电能输出或储存回收的能量。The power battery 1 is an auxiliary energy storage unit that provides additional electrical energy output or stores recovered energy according to demand.
能量控制板2为系统的控制中心，负责数据采集、能量分配决策和执行相关控制命令。The energy control board 2 is the control center of the system, responsible for data collection, energy allocation decision-making and execution of related control commands.
外部负载3接收系统提供的电能，根据实际应用场景变化，负载可以是电动汽车、家用电器等。The external load 3 receives the electric energy provided by the system. Depending on the actual application scenario, the load can be an electric car, a household appliance, etc.
氢燃料电池4为主要的能量源，负责提供稳定的电能输出。The hydrogen fuel cell 4 is the main energy source and is responsible for providing stable electrical energy output.
DCDC电池模块5用于稳定燃料电池的输出电压，确保其能够满足不同负载条件下的电能需求。The DCDC battery module 5 is used to stabilize the output voltage of the fuel cell to ensure that it can meet the power demand under different load conditions.
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，包括动力电池、能量控制板、外部负载、燃料电池、DCDC电池模块、电池容量信号显示器、功率需求信号显示器及温度传感器(电池容量信号是由动力电池内部的BMS系统通过CAN协议发送至能量控制板、功率需求信号是由外部负载内置的负载控制器通过CAN协议发送至能量控制板)，燃料电池与电池模块连接，电池模块与能量控制板连接(与燃料电池直接相连的是主电路内的DCDC，由于燃料电池在不同功率下的电压变化过大，因此需要经由DCDC转换器，将燃料电池的供电电压转换为相对稳定的数值而后供给能量控制板)，能量控制板与动力电池及外部负载连接，外部负载与功率需求信号显示器连接，动力电池与电池容量信号显示器连接(如前所述，功率需求信号和电池容量信号是由其内置的控制板发送至能量控制板，电路图中的标识仅为展示此处有相应信号)，燃料电池与温度传感器连接。An intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system, comprising a power battery, an energy control board, an external load, a fuel cell, a DCDC battery module, a battery capacity signal display, a power demand signal display and a temperature sensor (the battery capacity signal is sent to the energy control board by the BMS system inside the power battery through the CAN protocol, and the power demand signal is sent to the energy control board by the load controller built into the external load through the CAN protocol), the fuel cell is connected to the battery module, the battery module is connected to the energy control board (the DCDC in the main circuit is directly connected to the fuel cell. Since the voltage of the fuel cell changes too much at different powers, it is necessary to convert the power supply voltage of the fuel cell into a relatively stable value through a DCDC converter and then supply it to the energy control board), the energy control board is connected to the power battery and the external load, the external load is connected to the power demand signal display, the power battery is connected to the battery capacity signal display (as mentioned above, the power demand signal and the battery capacity signal are sent to the energy control board by the built-in control board thereof, and the symbols in the circuit diagram are only for showing that there are corresponding signals here), and the fuel cell is connected to the temperature sensor.
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制方法,燃料电池4的输出经DCDC电池模块5稳压后连接至能量控制板2的IO1口，动力电池1连接至能量控制板2的IO2口，外部负载3连接至能量控制板IO3口。动力电池1将自身的电池容量、电池状态、电池温度数据实时发送至能量控制板2；能量控制板2自身实时监测外部负载3的需求，含有以下步骤：An intelligent energy optimization control method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system, the output of the fuel cell 4 is connected to the IO1 port of the energy control board 2 after being stabilized by the DCDC battery module 5, the power battery 1 is connected to the IO2 port of the energy control board 2, and the external load 3 is connected to the IO3 port of the energy control board. The power battery 1 sends its own battery capacity, battery status, and battery temperature data to the energy control board 2 in real time; the energy control board 2 itself monitors the needs of the external load 3 in real time, including the following steps:
步骤1、燃料电池始终以额定功率运行，以维持其最佳工作状态，减少磨损，延长寿命。Step 1: The fuel cell always operates at rated power to maintain its optimal working condition, reduce wear and extend life.
步骤2、能量控制板监测外部负载的实时需求，并根据需求动态调节能量的分配进行功率调整。当外部负载有反向功率输入时(如电动车使用电制动时，能量回收)，经过能量控制器调节，向动力电池充电；Step 2: The energy control board monitors the real-time demand of the external load and dynamically adjusts the energy distribution according to the demand to adjust the power. When the external load has reverse power input (such as energy recovery when the electric vehicle uses electric braking), it is regulated by the energy controller to charge the power battery;
步骤3、当外部负载需求功率小于燃料电池额定功率，燃料电池以额定功率运行，在满足外部负载功率需求后，富裕的电能向动力电池充电。若动力电池容量大于90％时，则关闭燃料电池，防止动力电池过充。Step 3: When the external load power requirement is less than the fuel cell rated power, the fuel cell operates at the rated power. After the external load power requirement is met, the surplus power is used to charge the power battery. If the power battery capacity is greater than 90%, the fuel cell is turned off to prevent the power battery from overcharging.
步骤4、当外部负载需求功率大于燃料电池额定功率时，若动力电池容量大于60％，则燃料电池以额定功率运行，由动力电池补足剩余动力需求；若动力电池容量大于15％，小于60％时，则燃料电池以额定功率运行，由动力电池补足剩余动力需求，但能量控制器限制最大输出功率至燃料电池额定功率与动力电池最大输出功率一半的总和；若动力电池容量小于15％，能量控制器将整个动力系统输出功率限制至燃料电池的额定功率，动力电池不参与输出，以防止动力电池过放。Step 4. When the power demanded by the external load is greater than the rated power of the fuel cell, if the capacity of the power battery is greater than 60%, the fuel cell operates at the rated power, and the remaining power demand is supplemented by the power battery; if the capacity of the power battery is greater than 15% and less than 60%, the fuel cell operates at the rated power, and the remaining power demand is supplemented by the power battery, but the energy controller limits the maximum output power to the sum of the rated power of the fuel cell and half of the maximum output power of the power battery; if the capacity of the power battery is less than 15%, the energy controller limits the output power of the entire power system to the rated power of the fuel cell, and the power battery does not participate in the output to prevent the power battery from being over-discharged.
如图1所示，动力电池1，能量控制板2，外部负载3，燃料电池4，DCDC电池模块5，电池容量信号显示器6，功率需求信号显示器7，温度传感器8。燃料电池4、动力电池1、外部负载3分别与能量控制板2的端口连接。能量控制板2实时获得电池容量信号显示器6、功率需求信号显示器7，并据此按照特定规则调节动力电池的输出功率以达到延长氢燃料电池寿命、系统整体运行效率的目的。As shown in Figure 1, there are a power battery 1, an energy control board 2, an external load 3, a fuel cell 4, a DCDC battery module 5, a battery capacity signal display 6, a power demand signal display 7, and a temperature sensor 8. The fuel cell 4, the power battery 1, and the external load 3 are respectively connected to the ports of the energy control board 2. The energy control board 2 obtains the battery capacity signal display 6 and the power demand signal display 7 in real time, and adjusts the output power of the power battery according to specific rules to achieve the purpose of extending the life of the hydrogen fuel cell and the overall operating efficiency of the system.
实施例3：如图1、图2及图3所示，一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，氢燃料电池4为主要的能量源，需选用稳定性高、输出功率符合系统要求的氢燃料电池。输出接口连接至DCDC电池模块5(DCDC转换器)，以调节和稳定输出电压。Embodiment 3: As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, an intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system, the hydrogen fuel cell 4 is the main energy source, and a hydrogen fuel cell with high stability and output power that meets system requirements must be selected. The output interface is connected to a DCDC battery module 5 (DCDC converter) to adjust and stabilize the output voltage.
动力电池1选用高能量密度、长循环寿命的锂离子电池。The power battery 1 is a lithium-ion battery with high energy density and long cycle life.
配备电池管理系统BMS，电池的BMS系统控制板内置于动力电池内部，用于监测电池的容量、状态和温度。Equipped with a battery management system BMS, the battery's BMS system control board is built into the power battery to monitor the battery's capacity, status and temperature.
DCDC电池模块5负责将氢燃料电池的变动输出电压转换为稳定的电压，以满足外部负载和动力电池充电的需求。需要具备高转换效率和可调输出特性。The DCDC battery module 5 is responsible for converting the variable output voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell into a stable voltage to meet the requirements of external loads and power battery charging. It needs to have high conversion efficiency and adjustable output characteristics.
能量控制板2为核心控制单元，集成微处理器和多通道IO接口。The energy control board 2 is a core control unit, integrating a microprocessor and a multi-channel IO interface.
能量控制板内嵌功率调整逻辑，实时处理来自氢燃料电池4、动力电池1和外部负载3的数据，控制DCDC电池模块5和电池充放电。The energy control board has built-in power adjustment logic, processes data from the hydrogen fuel cell 4, the power battery 1 and the external load 3 in real time, and controls the DCDC battery module 5 and the battery charging and discharging.
智能能量优化控制系统，功率调整主要依据，外部负载功率，燃料电池电池额定功率，动力电池SOC三个参数，其调整逻辑如下：Intelligent energy optimization control system, power adjustment is mainly based on three parameters: external load power, fuel cell battery rated power, and power battery SOC. Its adjustment logic is as follows:
当外部负载有反向功率输入(如电制动)时，能量控制板调节系统接收回收能量，并储存于动力电池。When the external load has reverse power input (such as electric braking), the energy control board regulation system receives the recovered energy and stores it in the power battery.
当外部负载功率小于燃料电池额定功率，动力电池容量小于90％时，来自燃料电池的多余电能为动力电池充电。When the external load power is less than the rated power of the fuel cell and the power battery capacity is less than 90%, the excess electric energy from the fuel cell is used to charge the power battery.
当外部负载功率小于燃料电池额定功率，动力电池容量大于或等于90％时，则关闭燃料电池，由动力电池单独供电，防止动力电池过充。When the external load power is less than the rated power of the fuel cell and the power battery capacity is greater than or equal to 90%, the fuel cell is shut down and the power battery is used alone to prevent the power battery from overcharging.
当外部负载功率大于燃料电池额定功率，动力电池容量大于或等于60％，动力电池和燃料电池共同输出以满足高负载需求。When the external load power is greater than the rated power of the fuel cell and the power battery capacity is greater than or equal to 60%, the power battery and the fuel cell output together to meet the high load demand.
当外部负载功率大于燃料电池额定功率，动力电池容量在15％-60％之间时，限制最大输出功率至燃料电池额定功率与动力电池最大输出功率一半的总和。When the external load power is greater than the rated power of the fuel cell and the power battery capacity is between 15% and 60%, the maximum output power is limited to the sum of the rated power of the fuel cell and half of the maximum output power of the power battery.
当外部负载功率大于燃料电池额定功率，动力电池容量小于15％时，动力系统输出功率被限制至燃料电池的额定功率，此时动力电池不参与输出，防止动力电池过放。When the external load power is greater than the rated power of the fuel cell and the power battery capacity is less than 15%, the power system output power is limited to the rated power of the fuel cell. At this time, the power battery does not participate in the output to prevent the power battery from over-discharging.
外部负载3根据实际应用场景，可能是电动汽车、家用电器等。负载的功率需求通过能量控制板进行实时监测。The external load 3 may be an electric car, a household appliance, etc., depending on the actual application scenario. The power demand of the load is monitored in real time through the energy control board.
一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制方法,含有以下步骤：An intelligent energy optimization control method for a hydrogen fuel cell power system comprises the following steps:
步骤1.系统启动：能量控制板初始化，自检所有连接和组件状态。启动后，氢燃料电池开始以额定功率运行。Step 1. System startup: The energy control board initializes and self-checks all connections and component status. After startup, the hydrogen fuel cell begins to operate at rated power.
步骤2.实时数据监测：动力电池的BMS实时向能量控制板发送电池状态数据。能量控制板通过数据接口监测外部负载的功率需求。Step 2. Real-time data monitoring: The BMS of the power battery sends battery status data to the energy control board in real time. The energy control board monitors the power demand of the external load through the data interface.
步骤3.功率调整与能量分配：当外部负载功率小于燃料电池额定功率时，控制板指令DCDC电池模块5(DCDC转换器)将多余电能用于为动力电池充电。若动力电池容量大于90％时，则关闭燃料电池，防止动力电池过充。Step 3. Power adjustment and energy distribution: When the external load power is less than the rated power of the fuel cell, the control board instructs the DCDC battery module 5 (DCDC converter) to use the excess power to charge the power battery. If the power battery capacity is greater than 90%, the fuel cell is turned off to prevent the power battery from overcharging.
当外部负载有反向功率输入(如电制动)时，控制板调节系统接收回收能量，并储存于动力电池。When there is reverse power input from the external load (such as electric braking), the control board regulation system receives the recovered energy and stores it in the power battery.
当外部负载功率需求大于燃料电池额定功率时，根据动力电池容量，通过能量控制板调整燃料电池和动力电池的输出，确保系统稳定运行。When the external load power demand is greater than the rated power of the fuel cell, the output of the fuel cell and the power battery is adjusted through the energy control board according to the power battery capacity to ensure stable operation of the system.
步骤4.容量阈值管理：动力电池容量大于60％时，动力电池和燃料电池共同输出以满足高负载需求。容量在30％-60％之间时，限制最大输出功率至燃料电池额定功率与动力电池最大输出功率一半的总和。容量小于15％时，动力系统输出功率被限制至燃料电池的额定功率，此时动力电池不参与输出。Step 4. Capacity threshold management: When the power battery capacity is greater than 60%, the power battery and fuel cell jointly output to meet high load requirements. When the capacity is between 30% and 60%, the maximum output power is limited to the sum of the fuel cell rated power and half of the power battery maximum output power. When the capacity is less than 15%, the power system output power is limited to the rated power of the fuel cell, and the power battery does not participate in the output.
实施例3：如图1、图2及图3所示，一种氢燃料电池动力系统的智能能量优化控制装置，包括：Embodiment 3: As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , an intelligent energy optimization control device for a hydrogen fuel cell power system comprises:
1.能量控制板核心(CORE)：这是控制板的大脑，负责数据处理、信号控制、通信等任务。它处理来自各个传感器和模块的信息，并发出控制指令。1. Energy control board core (CORE): This is the brain of the control board, responsible for data processing, signal control, communication and other tasks. It processes information from various sensors and modules and issues control instructions.
2.ADC(模数转换器)：与氢燃料电池的内部温度传感器连接，将其发出的模拟信号转换为数字信号，供能量控制板核心使用，以便发出相应的控制信号。2. ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter): Connected to the internal temperature sensor of the hydrogen fuel cell, it converts the analog signal it sends into a digital signal for use by the energy control board core to send out the corresponding control signal.
3.CAN接口：是一种高可靠性、高速率的串行通信协议，专为汽车和工业应用中的电子设备之间的通信而设计。有两个接口，分别与外部负载的控制器和动力电池内置的电池管理系统(BMS)连接。通过这些接口，能量控制板可以接收外部负载的功率需求和动力电池的SOC信息，以便进行适当的控制。3.CAN interface: It is a high-reliability, high-speed serial communication protocol designed for communication between electronic devices in automotive and industrial applications. There are two interfaces, which are connected to the controller of the external load and the battery management system (BMS) built into the power battery. Through these interfaces, the energy control board can receive the power demand of the external load and the SOC information of the power battery for appropriate control.
4.DCDC(直流-直流转换器)：高效地转换电源电压，以满足控制器及其外围设备的电压需求。这种模块能够将输入的电压升高或降低到所需的电压水平，确保控制器系统在不同工作条件下都能获得稳定的电源供应。4. DCDC (DC-DC Converter): Efficiently converts the power supply voltage to meet the voltage requirements of the controller and its peripherals. This module can increase or decrease the input voltage to the required voltage level, ensuring that the controller system can obtain a stable power supply under different working conditions.
5.IO模块：作为通用输入/输出接口，它连接燃料电池、动力电池、外部负载三个能量模块。5.IO module: As a universal input/output interface, it connects the three energy modules of fuel cell, power battery and external load.
6.功率模块：根据能量控制板核心的指令调整三个IO口的输入/输出功率，协调它们之间的能量转换和流动。例如，可能涉及在动力电池容量较低时，限制与外部负载相连的IO口的输出功率。6. Power module: adjusts the input/output power of the three IO ports according to the instructions of the energy control board core, and coordinates the energy conversion and flow between them. For example, it may involve limiting the output power of the IO port connected to the external load when the power battery capacity is low.
7.氢燃料电池：整个能量控制系统的动力核心来源，系统内的能源主要储存在与氢燃料电池搭配的储氢瓶中，在系统运行时将储氢瓶内的氢气转换为电能并为系统提供必要的动力。7. Hydrogen fuel cell: The core power source of the entire energy control system. The energy within the system is mainly stored in hydrogen storage bottles that are paired with hydrogen fuel cells. When the system is running, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottles is converted into electrical energy and provides the necessary power for the system.
8.动力电池：作为功率调节的能量”蓄水池”，主要担任功率调节的储能单元，有效平衡能量供需。动力电池具有高充放电倍率，容量(SOC)小，体积小等特点。动力电池内置电池管理系统(BMS)并与能量控制板相连，将其电池容量(SOC)信息传输至能量控制板。由于氢燃料电池在功率响应方面的固有缓慢特性，动力电池的并用不仅为系统的快速功率需求变化提供了响应，也为燃料电池输出的多余电能提供了一个临时储能解决方案，从而保证了外部负载在动态变化条件下的能量稳定性。8. Power battery: As an energy "reservoir" for power regulation, it mainly serves as an energy storage unit for power regulation to effectively balance energy supply and demand. Power batteries have the characteristics of high charge and discharge rate, small capacity (SOC), and small size. The power battery has a built-in battery management system (BMS) and is connected to the energy control board to transmit its battery capacity (SOC) information to the energy control board. Due to the inherent slow characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells in power response, the use of power batteries not only provides a response to the rapid power demand changes of the system, but also provides a temporary energy storage solution for the excess power output of the fuel cell, thereby ensuring the energy stability of the external load under dynamically changing conditions.
9.外部负载：作为动力供给对象，可能是电动车或其他用电设备。其控制器通过CAN通讯将实时功率需求发送至能量控制板。能量控制板据此动态调节氢燃料电池及动力电池的功率输出，优化能量分配，满足外部负载的实时需求。在动态工作条件下，如电动车制动时，能量控制板具备反向能量回馈功能，能够将外部负载所产生的反向功率转化为电能，再有效地导入动力电池进行储存。此过程不仅增强了系统的能量回收效率，也提升了整个能源管理体系的操作灵活性和能量利用率。9. External load: As the power supply object, it may be an electric vehicle or other electrical equipment. Its controller sends the real-time power demand to the energy control board through CAN communication. The energy control board dynamically adjusts the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power battery, optimizes energy distribution, and meets the real-time needs of the external load. Under dynamic working conditions, such as when the electric vehicle brakes, the energy control board has a reverse energy feedback function, which can convert the reverse power generated by the external load into electrical energy, and then effectively import it into the power battery for storage. This process not only enhances the energy recovery efficiency of the system, but also improves the operational flexibility and energy utilization of the entire energy management system.
10.直流电源接口：为控制板提供电源，先经过DCDC转换模块将外部供电电压转换为适合控制器内部元件运行的稳定电压，确保提供稳定电压。10. DC power interface: Provides power for the control board. The external power supply voltage is first converted into a stable voltage suitable for the operation of the internal components of the controller through the DCDC conversion module to ensure the provision of stable voltage.
本发明为一个高度集成的能量控制系统，主要用于智能能量优化控制系统，特别是在涉及氢燃料电池和动力电池的环境中。该系统的核心是能量控制板核心(CORE)，它处理来自ADC的传感器数据、通过CAN接口与外部设备通信，并通过IO模块和功率模块管理能量分配。能量控制板内部的DCDC模块负责能量控制板的供电，确保能量控制板及其连接元件得到恰当的电压供应。氢燃料电池是整个系统的主要能量来源，动力电池是系统能量调节的“蓄水池”，而外部负载是整个系统的能量供给对象。所有这些组件通过电气连接和通信协议紧密相连，共同工作以实现高效的能量控制。The present invention is a highly integrated energy control system, which is mainly used for intelligent energy optimization control systems, especially in environments involving hydrogen fuel cells and power batteries. The core of the system is the energy control board core (CORE), which processes sensor data from ADC, communicates with external devices through the CAN interface, and manages energy distribution through IO modules and power modules. The DCDC module inside the energy control board is responsible for the power supply of the energy control board, ensuring that the energy control board and its connected components receive appropriate voltage supply. The hydrogen fuel cell is the main energy source of the entire system, the power battery is the "reservoir" for the system energy regulation, and the external load is the energy supply object of the entire system. All these components are closely connected through electrical connections and communication protocols, and work together to achieve efficient energy control.
图3是本发明中所使用的能量控制板的原理图，主要是能量控制板内部结构及与其连接的各项外部元件的连接关系展示，阐释组件的连接和工作原理。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the energy control board used in the present invention, which mainly shows the internal structure of the energy control board and the connection relationship between various external components connected to it, and explains the connection and working principles of the components.
图2是智能能量优化控制系统的电路连接图。燃料电池经过DCDC稳压后与能量控制板的IO口连接，动力电池和外部负载供电电路也通过IO口与能量控制板连接。能量控制板的核心(core)可以根据预设的控制逻辑，通过功率模块调整三个IO口的输出或输入功率，以达到协调三个主要供/用电部分能量转换和流动的效果。Figure 2 is a circuit connection diagram of the intelligent energy optimization control system. The fuel cell is connected to the IO port of the energy control board after DCDC voltage stabilization, and the power battery and external load power supply circuit are also connected to the energy control board through the IO port. The core of the energy control board can adjust the output or input power of the three IO ports through the power module according to the preset control logic to achieve the effect of coordinating the energy conversion and flow of the three main power supply/power consumption parts.
燃料电池内置的温度传感器，将其传输的电压模拟信号通过能量控制板内部的ADC(模数转换模块)转换为数字信号传输至能量控制板核心(core)，动力电池内置的BMS系统的动力电池的SOC(容量)信号以及外部负载控制板的功率需求信号通过CAN能量控制板上的CAN接口传递至能量控制板的核心。The temperature sensor built into the fuel cell converts the voltage analog signal it transmits into a digital signal through the ADC (analog-to-digital conversion module) inside the energy control board and transmits it to the core of the energy control board. The SOC (capacity) signal of the power battery of the BMS system built into the power battery and the power demand signal of the external load control board are transmitted to the core of the energy control board through the CAN interface on the CAN energy control board.
以上三种信号共同作为能量控制板调控各个IO口输入或输出功率的决策依据。The above three signals together serve as the decision basis for the energy control board to regulate the input or output power of each IO port.
图1是智能能量优化控制系统的产品结构示意图，展示的是系统内的几个主要元件，包括氢燃料电池、用于燃料电池的DCDC转换器、内置电池管理系统(BMS)的动力电池、能量控制器和外部负载，以及这些元件的连接关系。温度传感器、电池管理系统(BMS)、负载控制板一般内置于相应的元件内部，因此在产品结构图中没有展示。Figure 1 is a product structure diagram of the intelligent energy optimization control system, showing several major components in the system, including hydrogen fuel cells, DCDC converters for fuel cells, power batteries with built-in battery management systems (BMS), energy controllers, and external loads, as well as the connection relationship between these components. Temperature sensors, battery management systems (BMS), and load control boards are generally built into the corresponding components, so they are not shown in the product structure diagram.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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