CN118332847A - A modeling and analysis method for giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the effects of temperature and loss - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a modeling analysis method of a giant magnetostrictive transducer considering temperature and loss influence. Firstly, establishing an electric-magnetic-thermal simulation model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, and obtaining the axial temperature distribution difference and the temperature rise change interval of the giant magnetostrictive rod through temperature field analysis of the giant magnetostrictive transducer; and then, aiming at parameters [ s ], [ d ] and [ mu ] of an electromagnetic-mechanical model which mainly influence the giant magnetostrictive transducer, introducing complex parameters for representing three energy losses of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, taking temperature influence into consideration by a function fitting method based on experimental data of temperature characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive material, and building a frequency domain calculation model of the electroacoustic transducer to simulate electroacoustic output characteristics of the transducer at different temperatures, so that accurate simulation of impedance and sound source level curves at different temperatures is realized, and further, the optimization design of the electroacoustic transducer and the regulation and control of an operation strategy with optimal working performance are guided.

Description

A modeling and analysis method for giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the effects of temperature and loss

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of giant magnetostrictive transducer measurement, and in particular to a giant magnetostrictive transducer modeling and analysis method taking into account the influence of temperature and loss.

Background technique

With the rise of new materials, giant magnetostrictive materials have gradually occupied the traditional piezoelectric material market with their excellent performance advantages such as large strain, high energy density and fast response speed. The giant magnetostrictive rod can be driven to vibrate reciprocatingly by a high-frequency periodic magnetic field. Based on this characteristic, it can be used to develop a giant magnetostrictive transducer. However, the giant magnetostrictive material is a ferromagnetic material. It will produce eddy current effect under the influence of the alternating magnetic field. Its eddy current loss will increase significantly with the increase of frequency, and it will generate serious heat after long-term operation. At the same time, many scholars have found through research that giant magnetostrictive materials are temperature sensitive. Small temperature changes will have a great impact on their performance parameters. Temperature disturbances will introduce nonlinear changes, and the study of transducer output characteristics will be more difficult. Domestic and foreign researchers often use equivalent circuit method and impedance analysis method to model the overall transducer and characterize the output characteristics of the system. The formula derivation of the equivalent circuit method is complex, and the parameter identification is difficult. It is easy to fall into the local optimal solution, and the parameters are difficult to be universal and for various working conditions; the impedance model established by the finite element method is more intuitive, and has rich three-dimensional information, with clear physical meaning, suitable for the analysis of the electroacoustic characteristics of transducers with complex structures. In the energy conversion process of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, there are magnetic energy losses, magneto-mechanical coupling losses and mechanical losses. However, the existing modeling methods based on the real number domain ignore the influence of losses and it is difficult to effectively predict the transducer impedance. In addition, the electroacoustic transducer is highly sealed, has few heat dissipation paths, and has a high internal temperature. The output performance of the giant magnetostrictive rod is highly sensitive to temperature. High temperature environment will seriously reduce the output performance and efficiency of the transducer. However, the existing modeling methods have not yet involved the influence of temperature and cannot accurately describe the output characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive transducer under variable temperature conditions. Therefore, constructing a giant magnetostrictive electroacoustic characteristic analysis method that considers the influence of temperature and loss is the key to effectively mastering the output characteristics of the electroacoustic transducer, and can guide the optimization design of the electroacoustic transducer and the operation strategy regulation of the best working performance.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electroacoustic characteristic analysis method of a giant magnetostrictive transducer taking into account the influence of temperature and loss in view of the shortcomings of the prior art. Through the multi-physics field finite element modeling calculation of electro-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic, the sound source level and impedance curve at different temperatures are obtained to guide the study of the output characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive transducer at different temperatures.

In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

A modeling and analysis method for a giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the influence of temperature and loss comprises the following steps:

S1. Establish a parameterized three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and simplify the details, confirm the geometric size parameters of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, and define global variables: semi-major axis a, semi-minor axis b, shell thickness e, shell height c, giant magnetostrictive rod radius r1 height h1;

S2. Establish an electromagnetic field calculation model based on the simplified three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer;

Wherein: the driving coil is regarded as a uniform multi-turn, the number of turns N and the input current I are determined, and the currents of the two driving coils are defined as being in opposite directions, and a continuous magnetic circuit is formed through the magnetic silicon steel yoke;

At the same time, a sectional vibrator structure of rod-permanent magnet-rod is adopted to establish the piezomagnetic effect model of the giant magnetostrictive rod and define the main axis direction of magnetization.

Among them: the direction of the permanent magnet remanence is the same as the coil excitation magnetic field, which serves as the excitation source of the giant magnetostrictive rod bias magnetic field;

S3. Establish a temperature field calculation model based on the simplified three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, simulate the transient temperature rise of the giant magnetostrictive transducer as a whole based on the loss results, analyze the axial distribution of the giant magnetostrictive rod, and obtain the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and the spatial distribution of the axial temperature;

Among them: the calculation of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physics field of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is involved, and the main losses of the giant magnetostrictive transducer are calculated, including the AC loss of the coil, the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the giant magnetostrictive rod;

S4. Build a temperature characteristics experimental test platform for giant magnetostrictive materials, obtain experimental test results based on the temperature characteristics of giant magnetostrictive materials, and fit the main material parameters that affect the output characteristics through polynomial fitting methods to minimize errors and functions. The temperature-dependent complex domain function of the giant magnetostrictive material is obtained, and the complex domain function is obtained to characterize the loss through parameter inversion;

S5. Based on the electromagnetic field calculation model established in S2, a magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod is constructed, and the temperature-related complex domain function of the giant magnetostrictive material obtained in S4 is used as the matrix parameter of the magnetostrictive model. The magnetic-mechanical output characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive rod are obtained by iterative calculation of the linear piezomagnetic equation, and the mechanical output is used as the initial condition for the acoustic-solid coupling calculation;

S6. According to the electromagnetic-mechanical multi-physics field coupling calculation model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer three-dimensional model established in S5, the electroacoustic characteristic simulation model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer three-dimensional model is established in combination with the acoustic-solid coupling, the calculation variables of the external field sound pressure are defined, the medium domain of the sound field calculation is set, and a perfect matching layer (PML) is added as an infinite domain, and the infinite boundary condition is used as the sound absorption boundary to enhance the convergence and accuracy of the model iteration;

S7. Based on the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and the spatial distribution of the axial temperature obtained in S3, the temperature range to be simulated is selected, the frequency domain response of the giant magnetostrictive transducer at different temperature points is simulated through the electroacoustic characteristic simulation model established in S6, the calculation results of the external field sound pressure are saved, and the sound source level is calculated according to the calculation results;

S8. Calculate the impedance and sound source level at different temperatures through AC impedance and external field sound pressure to obtain the corresponding curve.

Furthermore, the expression of the electromagnetic field calculation model in S2 is that the line integral of the magnetic field H of the closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents passing through the area enclosed by the loop:

∮H·dl＝∑I _k

After simplification, the magnetic field of the coil follows the expression:

Hl＝NI

Where: H is the magnetic field strength provided by the coil, I is the coil current, N is the total number of turns of the coil, and l is the axial length of the coil;

The magnetic field distribution of the giant magnetostrictive rod satisfies Maxwell's equations:

Where J, D, and B satisfy the following equation:

J = σE;

D = εE;

B＝μH＝μ ₀ μ _r H

Where: J is the current density of the giant magnetostrictive rod, D is the electric displacement, E is the electric field strength, B is the magnetic induction intensity of the giant magnetostrictive rod, _μ0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability, and _μr is the relative magnetic permeability.

Furthermore, in S3, the temperature field calculation model established is as follows:

Where: _Qe is the electromagnetic loss, which is composed of resistive loss and magnetic losses E ^* is the conjugate complex number of the electric field intensity, H ^* is the conjugate complex number of the external magnetic field, and ω is the angular frequency.

Furthermore, the principle of the method for obtaining the temperature correlation function of the material in S4 is as follows:

There are n groups of experimental data on the temperature characteristics of the main parameters of giant magnetostrictive materials, and the sample points used for fitting are as follows:

{(T ₁ , s ₁ , d ₁ , μ ₁ ), (T ₂ , s ₂ , d ₂ , μ ₂ ) ... (T _n , s _n , d _n , μ _n )}

It can be observed that the sample point distribution of each element in the parameter matrices [s], [d], and [μ] roughly conforms to the quadratic polynomial:

The sum of squared errors is used as the objective function:

The minimum value of ∈ is obtained to obtain the best fitting coefficients a ₀ , a ₁ and a ₂ . The complex domain temperature correlation function of the giant magnetostrictive material is obtained by parameter inverse optimization as follows:

Wherein: a _s0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _s1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _s2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _d0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _d1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _d2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _μ0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability, a _μ1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability, and a _μ2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability.

Furthermore, the control equation of the magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod in S5 is as follows:

Among them, the real-domain linear expression of the piezomagnetic model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is as follows:

ε is the strain, s ^H is the compliance coefficient under constant magnetic field, d is the piezomagnetic coefficient, and μ ^σ is the magnetic permeability under constant stress.

In order to consider the influence of magnetic energy loss, magnetic-mechanical coupling loss and mechanical loss, the expression of complex parameters is introduced as follows:

Where θ is the phase delay between stress σ and strain ε under a constant external magnetic field; is the phase delay between the external magnetic field H and the strain ε or the stress σ and the magnetic induction intensity B; is the phase delay of magnetic induction intensity B to external magnetic field H under constant stress;

Since the giant magnetostrictive rod is a columnar structure with a tetragonal symmetry, the compliance matrix contains 6 independent variables. The piezomagnetic matrix and the permeability matrix use the z-axis polarization direction form of the IEEE standard to define the full parameter matrix form of the giant magnetostrictive rod, as follows:

The variable relationship follows, s′ ₆₆ =(s′ ₁₁ +s′ ₁₂ )/2, s″ ₆₆ =(s″ ₁₁ +s″ ₁₂ )/2; where: s _ij is the element of the compliance coefficient matrix, d _ij is the element of the piezomagnetic coefficient matrix, μ _ij is the element of the magnetic permeability matrix, ′ represents the real part, and ″ represents the imaginary part.

Furthermore, the frequency domain expression of the acoustic-solid coupling model in S6 is:

Where ρ is the density of the sound-transmitting medium, q _v is the volume force in a domain, c is the speed of sound, ω is the angular frequency, Q _m is the contributing source causing the pressure change, _pt is the total sound pressure, p _b is the background sound pressure, p is the sound pressure, and the subscript c indicates that the material property can be complex-valued.

The acoustic boundary is regarded as a boundary condition where the normal component of the acceleration is zero, and the expression is as follows:

The external field calculation formula can calculate the pressure field at any distance outside the domain. The expression is as follows:

in,

The sound source level of the giant magnetostrictive transducer can be obtained through post-processing calculation. The calculation formula of the sound source level is as follows:

The effective sound pressure p is the external field sound pressure at 1m, _pref is the reference sound pressure. When _pref = 20× ^10-6 Pa, it is generally used in auditory measurements or measurements of sound levels and noise in the air; when _pref = ^10-6 Pa, it is widely used in the calibration of underwater acoustic transducers and measurements of sound pressure levels in liquids.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

The electroacoustic characteristics analysis method of the giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the influence of temperature and loss proposed in the present invention can be used to establish a finite element model for transducer systems of different complex structures. The model can consider the electroacoustic characteristics of the transducer under different temperatures and under the influence of losses, which is conducive to mastering the output characteristics of the electroacoustic transducer under different working conditions, and can guide the optimization design of the electroacoustic transducer and the regulation of the operating strategy for the best working performance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is an overall flow chart of multi-physics field simulation modeling of a giant magnetostrictive transducer in the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of the oscillator of the giant magnetostrictive transducer in the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the main process of function fitting of main material parameters in the present invention;

FIG4 is a resistance curve of a giant magnetostrictive transducer simulated at different temperatures in the present invention;

FIG5 is a reactance curve of a giant magnetostrictive transducer simulated at different temperatures in the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a sound source level curve of the giant magnetostrictive transducer simulated at different temperatures in the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose, the modeling and analysis method of the giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the influence of temperature and loss proposed by the present invention is described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred examples:

Step 1: Parameterize and establish a three-dimensional model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer. Globally define variables: semi-major axis a, semi-minor axis b, shell thickness e, shell height c, giant magnetostrictive rod radius r1 height h1 and other main parameters. Ignore model details such as threaded holes, multi-turn coils and through holes to improve simulation efficiency.

The corresponding material properties and parameters are defined according to the physical fields required to be calculated for the giant magnetostrictive transducer.

Basic material properties for electromagnetic field calculations: relative permeability, relative permittivity, and electrical conductivity.

Basic material properties for temperature field calculations: thermal conductivity, heat capacity at constant pressure, and density.

Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus in solid mechanics calculations, as well as the full parameter matrix required for magnetostriction calculations of giant magnetostrictive materials.

The medium sound velocity and sound pressure required for sound field calculation.

Step 2: Establish an electromagnetic field calculation model for the three-dimensional model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, set a uniform multi-turn drive coil to provide an excitation magnetic field, determine the number of turns N and the input current I, define the magnetic fields of the two drive coils as opposite directions, and the vibrator and the magnetic silicon steel yoke form a continuous magnetic circuit. Establish a piezomagnetic effect model for the giant magnetostrictive rod and define the magnetization direction. The direction of the permanent magnet remanence is in the same direction as the coil excitation magnetic field, providing a bias magnetic field for the giant magnetostrictive rod.

Step 3: Establish a temperature field calculation model for the three-dimensional model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, which mainly involves the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physics field coupling calculation of the giant magnetostrictive transducer. Based on the electromagnetic loss value of the giant magnetostrictive transducer calculated in step 2, simulate the transient temperature rise of the giant magnetostrictive transducer as a whole through time domain calculation, analyze the axial distribution law of the giant magnetostrictive rod, obtain the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive rod and save the result.

Step 4: Build a temperature characteristic test platform for giant magnetostrictive materials to obtain temperature-related material performance data of giant magnetostrictive materials. Based on the function fitting method, the temperature-related variation law of material parameters is obtained, and the error and function are minimized. The best fitting coefficient combination [a _s0 , a _s1 , a _s2 ; a _d0 , a _d1 , a _d2 ; a _μ0 , a _μ1 , a _μ2 ] is obtained, and the real part and the imaginary part of the obtained fitting function are separated by reverse optimization of parameters.

Step 5: Establish the electromagnetic-mechanical multi-physics field coupling calculation model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer three-dimensional model, which mainly involves the electromagnetic-magnetic-mechanical multi-field calculation of the giant magnetostrictive transducer. First, based on the electromagnetic model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer in step 2, the magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod is established based on the piezomagnetic equation. Define the magnetization vibration direction of the giant magnetostrictive rod, define the compliance coefficient matrix [s], piezomagnetic coefficient matrix [d] and magnetic permeability matrix [μ] according to the magnetization direction, and substitute the complex domain function related to the temperature of the giant magnetostrictive material into the calculation.

Step 6: By combining the acoustic-solid coupling with the electromagnetic-mechanical multi-physics field coupling calculation model of step 5, a simulation model of the electroacoustic characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is established, the calculation variables of the external field sound pressure are defined, and the infinite boundary condition is set as the sound absorption boundary to enhance the convergence and accuracy of the model iteration.

Step 7: Based on the analysis of the temperature field calculation results in step 3, select the temperature range to be simulated according to the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive rod and the spatial distribution of the axial temperature, simulate the frequency domain response of the giant magnetostrictive transducer at different temperature points, and save the calculation results of the intermediate variables.

Step 8: Calculate the impedance and sound source level at different temperatures through AC impedance and external field sound pressure, and draw the response curve.

In step 2, the expression of the electromagnetic field calculation model is:

The line integral of the magnetic field H of the closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents passing through the area enclosed by the loop: ∮H·dl＝∑I _k . After simplification, the magnetic field of the coil follows the expression: Hl＝NI.

The magnetic field distribution of the giant magnetostrictive transducer satisfies Maxwell's equations:

Wherein J, D, and B satisfy the following equations: J=σE, D=εE, and B=μH=μ ₀ μ _r H.

In step 3, the control equation for calculating the temperature field of the electromagnetic heat of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is as follows:

The unsteady heat conduction differential equation with heat source satisfies the following relationship:

_Qe is the electromagnetic loss, which consists of resistive loss _Qr and magnetic energy loss _Qm .

In step 4, the principle of the temperature-dependent function fitting method of the main material parameters is as follows:

There are n sets of experimental data on the temperature characteristics of the main parameters of giant magnetostrictive materials, and the sample points used for fitting are as follows

{(T ₁ , s ₁ , d ₁ , μ ₁ ), (T ₂ , s ₂ , d ₂ , μ ₂ ) ... (T _n , s _n , d _n , μ _n )]

It can be observed that the distribution of sample points of each element in the material parameter matrices [s], [d], and [μ] roughly conforms to the quadratic polynomial

The error sum of squares is used as the objective function

The minimum value of ∈ is obtained to obtain the best fitting coefficients a ₀ , a ₁ and a ₂ , and the complex domain temperature correlation function of the giant magnetostrictive material is obtained by parameter inverse optimization as follows.

In step 5, the governing equation of the magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod is as follows:

Among them, the real-domain linear expression of the piezomagnetic model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is as follows:

In order to consider the influence of magnetic energy loss, magnetic-mechanical coupling loss and mechanical loss, the expression of complex parameters is introduced as follows:

Where θ is the phase delay between stress σ and strain ε under a constant external magnetic field; is the phase delay between the external magnetic field H and the strain ε or the stress σ and the magnetic induction intensity B; is the phase delay of magnetic induction intensity B to external magnetic field H under constant stress.

Since the giant magnetostrictive rod is a columnar structure with a tetragonal symmetry, the compliance matrix contains 6 independent variables. The piezomagnetic matrix and the permeability matrix use the z-axis polarization direction form of the IEEE standard to define the full parameter matrix form of the giant magnetostrictive rod, as follows:

The relationship between the variables follows: s′ ₆₆ =(s′ ₁₁ +s′ ₁₂ )/2, s″ ₆₆ =(s″ ₁₁ +s″ ₁₂ )/2.

The governing equation in the frequency domain of the acoustic-solid coupling model is:

Where ρ is the density of the sound-transmitting medium, q _v is the volume force in a domain, c is the speed of sound, ω is the angular frequency, Q _m is the contributing source causing the pressure change, _pt is the total sound pressure, p _b is the background sound pressure, p is the sound pressure, and the subscript c indicates that the material property can be complex-valued.

The acoustic boundary is regarded as a boundary condition where the normal component of the acceleration is zero, and the expression is as follows:

The external field calculation formula can calculate the pressure field at any distance outside the domain. The expression is as follows:

in,

The sound source level of the giant magnetostrictive transducer can be obtained by post-processing calculation using the following formula. The calculation formula for the sound source level is as follows:

in, _pref is the reference sound pressure. When _pref = 20×10 ^-6 Pa, it is generally used in auditory measurements or measurements of sound levels and noise in the air. When _Pref = 10 ^-6 Pa, it is widely used in the calibration of underwater acoustic transducers and the measurement of sound pressure levels in liquids.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, makes any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, which still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A modeling and analysis method for a giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the influence of temperature and loss, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Establish a parameterized three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and simplify the details, confirm the geometric size parameters of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, and define global variables: semi-major axis a, semi-minor axis b, shell thickness e, shell height c, giant magnetostrictive rod radius r1 height h1; S2. Establish an electromagnetic field calculation model based on the simplified three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer; Wherein: the driving coil is regarded as a uniform multi-turn, the number of turns N and the input current I are determined, and the currents of the two driving coils are defined as being in opposite directions, and a continuous magnetic circuit is formed through the magnetic silicon steel yoke; At the same time, a sectional vibrator structure of rod-permanent magnet-rod is adopted to establish the piezomagnetic effect model of the giant magnetostrictive rod and define the main axis direction of magnetization. Among them: the direction of the permanent magnet remanence is the same as the coil excitation magnetic field, which serves as the excitation source of the giant magnetostrictive rod bias magnetic field; S3. Establish a temperature field calculation model based on the simplified three-dimensional structure of the giant magnetostrictive transducer, simulate the transient temperature rise of the giant magnetostrictive transducer as a whole based on the loss results, analyze the axial distribution of the giant magnetostrictive rod, and obtain the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and the spatial distribution of the axial temperature; Among them: the calculation of the electric-magnetic-thermal multi-physics field of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is involved, and the main losses of the giant magnetostrictive transducer are calculated, including the AC loss of the coil, the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss of the giant magnetostrictive rod; S4. Build a temperature characteristics experimental test platform for giant magnetostrictive materials, obtain experimental test results based on the temperature characteristics of giant magnetostrictive materials, and fit the main material parameters that affect the output characteristics through polynomial fitting methods to minimize errors and functions. The temperature-dependent complex function of the giant magnetostrictive material is obtained, and the imaginary part representing the loss is obtained by parameter inversion; S5. Based on the electromagnetic field calculation model established in S2, a magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod is constructed, the temperature-related complex domain function of the giant magnetostrictive material obtained in S4 is used as the matrix parameter of the magnetostrictive model, the magnetic-mechanical output characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive rod are obtained by iterative calculation of the linear piezomagnetic equation, and the mechanical output is used as the initial condition for the acoustic-solid coupling calculation; S6. According to the electromagnetic-mechanical multi-physics field coupling calculation model of the three-dimensional model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer established in S5, the electroacoustic characteristic simulation model of the three-dimensional model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is established in combination with the acoustic-solid coupling, the calculation variables of the external field sound pressure are defined, the medium domain of the sound field calculation is set, and the perfect matching layer (PML) is added as the infinite domain, and the infinite boundary condition is used as the sound absorption boundary to enhance the convergence and accuracy of the model iteration; S7. Based on the temperature rise range of the giant magnetostrictive transducer and the spatial distribution of the axial temperature obtained in S3, the temperature range to be simulated is selected, the frequency domain response of the giant magnetostrictive transducer at different temperature points is simulated through the electroacoustic characteristic simulation model established in S6, the calculation results of the external field sound pressure are saved, and the sound source level is calculated according to the calculation results; S8. Calculate the impedance and sound source level at different temperatures through AC impedance and external field sound pressure to obtain the corresponding curve. 2. The giant magnetostrictive transducer modeling and analysis method considering the influence of temperature and loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the expression of the electromagnetic field calculation model in S2 is that the line integral of the magnetic field H of the closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the currents passing through the area enclosed by the loop: After simplification, the excitation magnetic field generated by the coil follows the expression: Hl＝NI Where: H is the magnetic field strength provided by the coil, I is the coil current, N is the total number of turns of the coil, and l is the axial length of the coil; The magnetic field distribution of the giant magnetostrictive rod satisfies Maxwell's equations: Where J, D, and B satisfy the following equation: J = σE; D = εE; B＝μH＝μ ₀ μ _r H Where: J is the current density of the giant magnetostrictive rod, D is the electric displacement, E is the electric field strength, B is the magnetic induction intensity of the giant magnetostrictive rod, _μ0 is the vacuum magnetic permeability, and _μr is the relative magnetic permeability. 3. A giant magnetostrictive transducer modeling and analysis method considering the influence of temperature and loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in said S3, the temperature field calculation model established is as follows: Where: _Qe is the electromagnetic loss, which is composed of resistive loss and magnetic losses E ^* is the conjugate complex number of the electric field intensity, H ^* is the conjugate complex number of the external magnetic field, and ω is the angular frequency. 4. A giant magnetostrictive transducer modeling and analysis method considering the influence of temperature and loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method principle of obtaining the temperature correlation function of the material in S4 is as follows: There are n groups of experimental data on the temperature characteristics of the main parameters of giant magnetostrictive materials, and the sample points used for fitting are as follows: {(T ₁ ,s ₁ ,d ₁ ,μ ₁ ),)T ₂ ,s ₂ ,d ₂ ,μ ₂ )…(T _n ,s _n ,d _n ,μ _n )} It can be observed that the sample point distribution of each element in the parameter matrices [s], [d], and [μ] roughly conforms to the quadratic polynomial: The sum of squared errors is used as the objective function: The minimum value of ∈ is obtained to obtain the best fitting coefficients a ₀ , a ₁ and a ₂ . The complex domain temperature correlation function of the giant magnetostrictive material is obtained by parameter inverse optimization as follows: Wherein: a _s0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _s1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _s2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the compliance coefficient, a _d0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _d1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _d2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the piezomagnetic coefficient, a _μ0 is the constant term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability, a _μ1 is the linear term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability, and a _μ2 is the quadratic term fitting coefficient of the magnetic permeability. 5. A method for modeling and analyzing a giant magnetostrictive transducer considering the influence of temperature and loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the control equation of the magnetostrictive model of the giant magnetostrictive rod in S5 is as follows: Among them, the real-domain linear expression of the piezomagnetic model of the giant magnetostrictive transducer is as follows: ε is the strain, s ^H is the compliance coefficient under constant magnetic field, d is the piezomagnetic coefficient, and μ ^σ is the magnetic permeability under constant stress. In order to consider the influence of magnetic energy loss, magnetic-mechanical coupling loss and mechanical loss, the expression of complex parameters is introduced as follows: Where θ is the phase delay between stress σ and strain ε under a constant external magnetic field; is the phase delay between the external magnetic field H and the strain ε or the stress σ and the magnetic induction intensity B; is the phase delay of magnetic induction intensity B to external magnetic field H under constant stress; Since the giant magnetostrictive rod is a columnar structure with a tetragonal symmetry, the compliance matrix contains 6 independent variables. The piezomagnetic coefficient and permeability matrix both use the IEEE standard z-axis polarization direction to define the full parameter matrix form of the giant magnetostrictive rod, as follows: The variable relationship follows, s' ₆₆ =(s' ₁₁ +s' ₁₂ )/2, s″ ₆₆ =(s″ ₁₁ +s″ ₁₂ )/2; Where: s _ij is the element of the compliance coefficient matrix, d _ij is the element of the piezomagnetic coefficient matrix, μ _ij is the element of the magnetic permeability matrix, ' represents the real part, and " represents the imaginary part. 6. A giant magnetostrictive transducer modeling and analysis method considering the influence of temperature and loss as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the frequency domain expression of the acoustic-solid coupling part model in S6 is: Where ρ is the density of the sound-transmitting medium, q _v is the volume force in a domain, c is the speed of sound, ω is the angular frequency, Q _m is the contributing source causing the pressure change, _pt is the total sound pressure, p _b is the background sound pressure, p is the sound pressure, and the subscript c indicates that the material property can be complex-valued. The acoustic boundary is regarded as a boundary condition where the normal component of the acceleration is zero, and the expression is as follows: The external field calculation formula can calculate the pressure field at any distance outside the domain. The expression is as follows: in, The sound source level of the giant magnetostrictive transducer can be obtained through post-processing calculation. The calculation formula of the sound source level is as follows: The effective sound pressure p is the external field sound pressure at 1m, _pref is the reference sound pressure. When _pref = 20× ^10-6 Pa, it is generally used in auditory measurements or measurements of sound levels and noise in the air; when _pref = ^10-6 Pa, it is widely used in the calibration of underwater acoustic transducers and measurements of sound pressure levels in liquids.