CN118367184B - A device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy from a fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for collecting water discharged by a fuel cell power generation system and utilizing exhaust energy, which relates to the technical field of fuel cells and comprises an exhaust pipeline, a power generation fan, a water collecting cavity, a induced draft fan, a thermoelectric generation sheet, a storage battery, a water pump, LED illumination, a necessary controller and the like, wherein a wind power receiving end of the power generation fan is arranged in the exhaust pipeline, and the power generation fan is used for carrying out wind power generation and charging the storage battery; the water collecting cavity is arranged at the bottom of the exhaust pipeline and is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and water condensed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipeline can flow into the water collecting cavity; the water pump is used for driving water in the water collecting cavity to flow to the water storage tank; the power generation fan supplies power to the water pump, the induced air fan introduces the ambient atmosphere into the exhaust pipeline, and water vapor in the induced air fan encounters cold air to strengthen condensation, so that more liquid water can be collected; the thermoelectric generation sheet performs thermoelectric generation by utilizing the temperature difference of the two sides of the thermoelectric generation sheet to charge the storage battery. The invention fully utilizes the kinetic energy in the tail gas and the water in the tail gas and has certain noise reduction effect.

Description

A device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy from a fuel cell power generation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system.

Background Art

In recent years, fuel cell technology has made great progress in the fields of automobiles, ships, and stationary power generation. In fuel cells, especially PEMFC fuel cell systems, a large amount of water will be generated during their operation, and a small amount of water will enter the anode cycle, and a large amount of water will be carried out of the fuel cell stack by the airflow and discharged into the atmosphere along with the exhaust gas. The temperature of the exhaust gas can exceed 50°C, and the flow rate and flow velocity of the outlet increase with the increase of power generation, and the flow rate can reach 30m/s. However, at present, whether it is a fuel cell vehicle or a stationary fuel cell power generation system, the exhaust gas is almost directly discharged, and its wind energy and thermal energy are not used. In addition, the water in the exhaust gas is considered to be very pure and even drinkable, and it is also directly discharged and not collected for other uses.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy in a fuel cell power generation system to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and make full use of the kinetic energy and water in the exhaust gas.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

The present invention provides a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system, comprising:

An exhaust pipe, used to communicate with an exhaust port of a fuel cell power generation system;

A power generating fan, wherein the wind receiving end of the power generating fan is arranged in the exhaust duct, and the power generating fan is used for wind power generation;

A water collecting chamber, which is arranged at the bottom of the exhaust pipe and communicated with the exhaust pipe, and the water condensed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe can flow into the water collecting chamber;

A water storage tank and a water pump, wherein the water pump is used to drive the water in the water collecting chamber to flow to the water storage tank;

The wind turbine directly or indirectly supplies power to the water pump. When the power is supplied indirectly, a battery is also included. The battery is electrically connected to the wind turbine and the water pump.

Preferably, it also includes an induced draft fan and an induced draft duct, one end of the induced draft duct is connected to the vertical portion of the exhaust duct, the induced draft fan is configured to be able to draw outside air into the exhaust duct through the induced draft duct, and the battery is electrically connected to the induced draft fan.

Preferably, it also includes a thermoelectric power generation sheet, which uses the exhaust temperature being higher than the ambient temperature (the temperature difference can reach 30°C in summer and more than 60°C in winter) to perform thermoelectric power generation, the exhaust duct also includes a horizontal portion of the exhaust duct connected to the vertical portion of the exhaust duct, the end of the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct away from the vertical portion of the exhaust duct is an air inlet, the main portion of the induced draft duct is parallel to the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct and is arranged on one side of the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct, there is a gap between the induced draft duct and the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct, the thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged in the gap, and the thermoelectric power generation sheet is electrically connected to the battery.

Preferably, it also includes an LED lamp, and the LED lamp is electrically connected to the battery.

Preferably, a one-way valve is provided at the connection point between the air induced duct and the exhaust duct, and the one-way valve only allows the air in the air induced duct to flow toward the exhaust duct.

Preferably, the power-generating wind turbine comprises a centrifugal wind wheel and a generator, wherein the centrifugal wind wheel is the wind receiving end, and the centrifugal wind wheel is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft of the generator to transmit torque.

Preferably, a liquid level sensor is provided in the water collecting chamber, and the liquid level sensor transmits the liquid level information to the controller. The controller is communicatively connected with the water pump. When the liquid level in the water collecting chamber is higher than a threshold value set by the controller, the controller controls the water pump to pump water.

Preferably, the end of the exhaust pipe is connected to a rear exhaust pipe, and the cross-sectional area of the rear exhaust pipe is larger than that of the exhaust pipe.

Preferably, it further comprises a box body, at least the exhaust duct is arranged in the box body, and sound absorbing material can be installed on the inner wall of the box body.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

1. The power-generating fan can recycle the kinetic energy in the exhaust gas and convert it into electrical energy for use by the water pump.

2. The water pump can pump the water collected in the water collecting chamber to the water storage tank for storage, thereby recovering the water in the exhaust gas.

3. The centrifugal effect generated by the rotation of the centrifugal wind wheel can be used to throw more liquid water onto the inner wall, achieving a better gas-water separation effect.

4. By introducing ambient air into the exhaust duct to enhance water vapor condensation, more liquid water can be collected.

5. While introducing ambient air into the exhaust duct, the temperature difference thermoelectric effect between high-temperature exhaust gas and low-temperature air is used to generate electricity.

6. Use exhaust wind energy and temperature difference thermoelectric effect to charge and store energy in batteries, which can be used to power water pumps, induced draft fans, LED bulbs, or for other purposes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system when a power generation fan directly supplies power to a water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system when a power generation fan indirectly supplies power to a water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system with an air induction function provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system with a temperature difference power generation function provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure: 1-generating fan; 2-water storage tank; 3-water pump; 4-water collecting chamber; 5-LED lamp; 6-controller; 7-exhaust duct; 8-valve; 9-battery; 10-check valve; 11-induced draft fan; 12-induced draft duct; 13-temperature difference power generation sheet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention provides a device for collecting exhaust water and utilizing exhaust energy of a fuel cell power generation system, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprising: an exhaust pipe 7, a generator fan 1, a water collecting chamber 4, a water storage tank 2 and a water pump 3; the exhaust pipe 7 is used to be connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell power generation system; the wind receiving end of the generator fan 1 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 7, and the generator fan 1 is used to generate wind power; the water collecting chamber 4 is arranged at the bottom of the exhaust pipe 7 and is connected to the exhaust pipe 7, and water condensed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 7 can flow into the water collecting chamber 4; the water pump 3 is used to drive the water in the water collecting chamber 4 to flow to the water storage tank 2, and a valve 8 is arranged on the pipe between the water storage tank 2 and the water collecting chamber 4.

The power-generating wind turbine 1 directly or indirectly supplies power to the water pump 3 . When the power is supplied indirectly, the power-generating wind turbine 1 further includes a battery 9 . The battery 9 is electrically connected to the power-generating wind turbine 1 and the water pump 3 .

During use, due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the exhaust pipe 7, the water in the exhaust gas can condense on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 7 and flow into the water collecting chamber 4 for temporary storage. The water in the water tank 2 is used by people on the vehicle, such as drinking, washing, etc.

Therefore, the power generating fan 1 in the embodiment of the present invention can recover the kinetic energy in the tail gas and convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy for use by the water pump 3. The water pump 3 can deliver the water collected in the water collecting chamber 4 to the water storage tank 2 for storage, thereby recovering the water in the tail gas.

The power-generating fan 1 in the present invention preferably adopts a centrifugal power-generating fan, which can utilize the centrifugal effect generated by the rotation of the centrifugal wind wheel to throw more liquid water onto the inner wall, thereby achieving a better gas-water separation effect.

Specifically, the wind turbine 1 includes a centrifugal wind wheel and a generator. The centrifugal wind wheel is the wind receiving end, and the centrifugal wind wheel is drivingly connected to the rotating shaft of the generator to transmit torque.

As shown in FIG3 and FIG4, in order to further improve the gas-water separation effect, in some embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further includes an induced draft fan 11 and an induced draft duct 12, one end of the induced draft duct 12 is connected to the vertical portion of the exhaust duct 7, and the induced draft fan 11 is configured to be able to introduce external air into the exhaust duct 7 through the induced draft duct 12. The temperature of the ambient air is much lower than the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust duct 7. The exhaust gas with a large moisture content will condense after encountering cold air, thereby improving the water-gas separation effect. The storage battery 9 is electrically connected to the induced draft fan 11. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention uses the method of introducing ambient air into the exhaust duct 7 to enhance the condensation of water vapor, and can collect more liquid water;

Considering the possible leakage of hydrogen in the exhaust gas, the battery 9 can be separated from the exhaust pipe 7 when placed inside the device, and the wiring design of the generator fan 1 and the water pump 3 can be protected.

As shown in FIG4 , in order to further improve the power generation effect, in some embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further includes a thermoelectric power generation sheet 13, the exhaust duct 7 further includes a horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7 connected to the vertical portion of the exhaust duct 7, the end of the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7 away from the vertical portion of the exhaust duct 7 is an air inlet, the main portion of the induced draft duct 12 is parallel to the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7 and is arranged on one side of the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7, there is a gap between the induced draft duct 12 and the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7, the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 is arranged in the gap, and the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 is electrically connected to the battery 9. The Seebeck thermoelectric effect generated by the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 enables the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 to generate electrical energy. In a preferred embodiment, in order to facilitate the installation of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13, the horizontal portion of the exhaust duct 7 and the induced draft duct 12 can be set to a square shape, which can make the two sides of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 fit with the exhaust duct 7 and the induced draft duct 12, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a suitable number of thermoelectric power generation sheets 13 can be selected to be connected in series and parallel to adjust the voltage, and a voltage stabilizing charging module can be selected to charge and store energy for the battery 9. When it is necessary to further increase the thermoelectric power generation area, it is possible to consider making full use of the four outer walls of the horizontal part of the exhaust duct 7. Specifically, the outer sides of the four outer walls are all designed with induced draft ducts 12 and thermoelectric power generation sheets 13.

Compared with the above-mentioned embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention adds the function of temperature difference power generation. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can use exhaust wind energy and temperature difference thermoelectric effect to charge and store energy in the battery 9, and can power the water pump 3 and the induced draft fan 11, or be used for other purposes.

Taking into account that some types of vehicles need to use light bulbs for lighting, such as RVs, the embodiment of the present invention also includes an LED lamp 5, which is electrically connected to a battery 9. It can be understood that in addition to the LED lamp 5, it can also be electrically connected to other vehicle-mounted electrical appliances, such as a vehicle-mounted refrigerator, audio, etc.

In some embodiments, a one-way valve 10 is provided at the connection point between the induced air duct 12 and the exhaust duct 7 , and the one-way valve 10 only allows the air in the induced air duct 12 to flow toward the exhaust duct 7 .

In some embodiments, a liquid level sensor is provided in the water collecting chamber 4, and the liquid level sensor transmits the liquid level information to the controller 6, and the controller 6 is connected to the water pump 3 in communication, and when the liquid level in the water collecting chamber 4 is higher than the threshold value set by the controller 6, the controller 6 controls the water pump 3 to pump water. The embodiment of the present invention avoids the idling of the water pump 3, thereby improving the utilization rate of electricity, and the valve 8 can be controlled by the controller 6.

In addition, while reducing the exhaust back pressure as much as possible and not affecting the normal operation of the fuel cell power generation system, it is possible to consider increasing the number of power generation fans in the exhaust duct 7, for example, two or three, etc., to fully utilize the exhaust wind energy; the area of the temperature difference generator can be adjusted to meet the power generation needs.

In some embodiments, the exhaust pipe 7 is designed to be L-shaped. When the exhaust gas enters the vertical section from the L-shaped horizontal section, the water vapor contacts the wall of the vertical section, and the condensed water generated by gravity falls down along the inner wall of the vertical section into the water collecting chamber 4 at the bottom, and the exhaust gas is discharged upward along the vertical section into the atmosphere.

In some embodiments, the end (ie, the air outlet) of the exhaust pipe is connected to the rear exhaust pipe, and the cross-sectional area of the rear exhaust pipe is larger than that of the exhaust pipe.

In this embodiment, when exhausting, after the high-speed gas enters the rear exhaust pipe with a larger cross-sectional area from the exhaust pipe, the exhaust flow rate will be reduced, thereby reducing the exhaust noise. If it is necessary to increase the noise reduction effect in certain application scenarios, a box body is also included, at least the exhaust pipe is arranged in the box body, and the inner wall of the box body can be installed with sound-absorbing materials to achieve noise reduction. Specifically, as shown in the figure, all components except the water storage tank 2 and the LED lamp 5 are arranged in the box body, which realizes an integrated setting, thereby facilitating the installation of the device and the upgrade of the existing fuel cell power generation system.

The solution provided by the present invention has good application value in many fields. It can be applied in the military field. When troops are marching in the field, the fuel cell power generation system can collect discharge water to supplement the fresh water source; the device can be applied to fuel cell ships, and the collected discharge water can be used as navigation and living water. If it is applied to sea vessels, it can also reduce the dependence on seawater desalination; the device can be applied to fuel cell RVs to provide living water supply and emergency lighting when there is a lack of water sources nearby; and the device can be applied to fixed fuel cell power generation systems to provide test water and industrial deionized water for factory areas, and provide living water for residential areas.

The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device, characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

An exhaust pipe for communicating with an exhaust port of the fuel cell power generation system;

The wind power receiving end of the power generation fan is arranged in the exhaust pipeline, and the power generation fan is used for wind power generation;

the water collecting cavity is arranged at the bottom of the exhaust pipeline and is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, and water condensed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipeline can flow into the water collecting cavity;

the water pump is used for driving water in the water collecting cavity to flow to the water storage tank;

the power generation fan directly or indirectly supplies power to the water pump, and when the power is indirectly supplied, the power generation fan also comprises a storage battery, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the power generation fan and the water pump; the air exhaust system further comprises an air exhaust fan and an air exhaust pipeline, wherein one end of the air exhaust pipeline is communicated with the vertical part of the exhaust pipeline, the air exhaust fan is configured to be capable of exhausting outside air into the exhaust pipeline through the air exhaust pipeline, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the air exhaust fan; the temperature difference power generation device comprises a storage battery, and is characterized by further comprising a temperature difference power generation sheet, wherein the exhaust pipeline further comprises an exhaust pipeline horizontal part communicated with the exhaust pipeline vertical part, the end part of the exhaust pipeline horizontal part, which is far away from the exhaust pipeline vertical part, is an air inlet, the air induction pipeline main body part is parallel to the exhaust pipeline horizontal part and is arranged on one side of the exhaust pipeline horizontal part, a gap is reserved between the air induction pipeline and the exhaust pipeline horizontal part, the temperature difference power generation sheet is arranged in the gap, and the temperature difference power generation sheet is electrically connected with the storage battery.

2. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the LED lamp is electrically connected with the storage battery.

3. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the air guide pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are provided with one-way valves at the communication positions, and the one-way valves only allow air in the air guide pipeline to flow towards the exhaust pipeline.

4. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the power generation fan comprises a centrifugal wind wheel and a generator, wherein the centrifugal wind wheel is the wind power receiving end, and the centrifugal wind wheel is in transmission connection with a rotating shaft of the generator and transmits torque.

5. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the water collecting cavity is internally provided with a liquid level sensor, the liquid level sensor transmits liquid level information to the controller, the controller is in communication connection with the water pump, and when the liquid level in the water collecting cavity is higher than a threshold value set by the controller, the controller controls the water pump to pump water.

6. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is connected with a rear section exhaust pipeline, and the sectional area of the rear section exhaust pipeline is larger than that of the exhaust pipeline.

7. The fuel cell power generation system discharge water collection and exhaust energy utilization device according to claim 5, wherein: the box body is arranged in the box body at least, and sound absorbing materials can be installed on the inner wall of the box body.