CN118548293B - Bearing capable of bearing radial load of shaft and speed reducer thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a bearing capable of bearing axial load and a speed reducer thereof, which comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein the outer ring is positioned at the inner side of the inner ring, a first annular groove is formed at the outer side of the inner ring, a second annular groove is formed at the inner side of the outer ring, a first retainer and a second retainer are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, a plurality of rollers distributed in a circumferential array are arranged between the first retainer and the second retainer in a rolling manner, and the first retainer and the second retainer are used for preventing the plurality of rollers from overturning and shifting when being subjected to axial external force. According to the invention, the old lubricating grease can be removed completely when new lubricating grease is injected into the plurality of rollers by arranging the oiling component, and then metal scraps generated in the movement process of the plurality of rollers can be discharged in the process of discharging the old lubricating grease by avoiding the intersection of the new lubricating grease and the old lubricating grease, so that the metal scraps are ensured not to be mixed in the new lubricating grease to influence the lubricating effect of the new lubricating grease.

Description

A bearing capable of bearing radial load of shaft and a reducer thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, and in particular to a bearing capable of bearing a shaft radial load and a reducer thereof.

Background Art

Bearings are commonly used in various types of engineering machinery such as automobiles, excavators, road rollers, and pile drivers. Their main function is to support the rotating body in the reducer. The rolling element is a radial rolling bearing with cylindrical rollers. The internal structure of the cylindrical roller bearing adopts parallel arrangement of rollers, and spacers or isolation blocks are installed between the rollers. When the current cylindrical roller bearings operate for a long time, the internal rollers are prone to deflection after being subjected to radial or axial loads, which makes the cylindrical roller bearings prone to damage, thereby reducing the service life of the cylindrical roller bearings.

In addition, when injecting new butter grease into the existing bearing, the new grease will enter the bearing and push out the old grease. This oil injection method cannot completely discharge the old grease, and the metal debris in the bearing cannot be completely discharged along with the old grease, which greatly affects the lubrication effect of the new grease. Moreover, when injecting grease into the bearing from the outside, the grease can easily flow out from the other side and enter the reducer, and it can easily mix with the liquid lubricating oil in the reducer, affecting the lubrication effect of the liquid lubricating oil in the reducer. For this reason, a bearing capable of bearing radial load and a reducer thereof are proposed.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a bearing capable of bearing a shaft radial load and a reducer thereof.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a bearing capable of bearing radial load of an axis, comprising an inner ring and an outer ring, the outer ring being located on the inner side of the inner ring, an annular groove 1 being provided on the outer side of the inner ring, an annular groove 2 being provided on the inner side of the outer ring, a retainer 1 and a retainer 2 being provided between the inner ring and the outer ring, a plurality of rollers distributed in a circumferential array being rollingly mounted between the retainer 1 and the retainer 2, the retainer 1 and the retainer 2 being used to prevent the plurality of rollers from flipping and deviating when subjected to radial external force of the axis, the plurality of rollers being rollingly connected to the inner walls of the annular groove 1 and the annular groove 2, the plurality of rollers being provided with the same oil injection assembly, the oil injection assembly being used to inject new grease between the plurality of rollers, and to completely discharge the old grease through the injected new grease, and to carry and discharge the metal debris between the inner ring and the outer ring during the discharge of the old grease.

Preferably, bosses are provided at both ends of the roller, and the two bosses respectively penetrate retainer one and retainer two and are rotatably connected to retainer one and retainer two. Retainer one and retainer two are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of ring groove one and ring groove two, and dust ring one and dust ring two are clamped and installed between the inner ring and dust ring one.

Preferably, the oil injection assembly includes a plurality of scrapers located between retainer 1 and retainer 2 and distributed in a circular array, the two ends of the scrapers are respectively slidably connected to adjacent rollers, the two sides of the scrapers are respectively clearance-matched with the inner walls of annular groove 1 and annular groove 2, an oil chamber 1 is formed between retainer 1 and the scrapers and the inner walls of annular groove 1 and annular groove 2, and an oil chamber 2 is formed between retainer 2 and the scrapers and the inner walls of annular groove 1 and annular groove 2.

Preferably, the oil injection assembly also includes an oil injection mechanism 1 and an oil injection mechanism 2, the oil injection mechanism 1 includes an oil guide pipe 1 that passes through the retaining frame 2 and is fixedly connected to the retaining frame 2, an oil groove 2 is provided on the side of the retaining frame 2 close to the scraper, the oil groove 2 is communicated with the oil guide pipe 1, the oil injection mechanism 2 includes an oil guide pipe 2 that passes through the retaining frame 2 and is fixedly connected to the retaining frame 2, one end of the oil guide pipe 2 is close to the retaining frame 1 and is fixedly connected to the retaining frame 1, the retaining frame 1 is provided on the side of the retaining frame 2 close to the retaining frame 2, the oil groove 1 is communicated with the oil guide pipe 2, the oil guide pipe 2 passes through the scraper and is slidably connected to the scraper.

Preferably, the oil filling mechanism 1 also includes an annular box 1 located on the side of the retainer 2 away from the retainer 1, a plurality of oil guide pipes 1 all penetrate the annular box 1 and are slidably connected to the annular box 1, a baffle 1 is fixedly installed on one end of the plurality of oil guide pipes 1 away from the retainer 1, a positioning cylinder 1 and a spring 1 are sleeved on the plurality of oil guide pipes 1, two ends of the spring 1 are respectively fixedly connected to the annular box 1 and the retainer 2, an end of the positioning cylinder 1 away from the annular box 1 is fixedly connected to the retainer 2, a plurality of oil guide holes 1 distributed in a circular array are opened on the annular box 1, and an oil filling pipe 1 is fixedly installed through the annular box 1.

Preferably, the second oil filling mechanism also includes an annular box 2 located on the side of the retainer 2 away from the retainer 1, multiple oil guide pipes 2 all penetrate the annular box 2 and are slidably connected to the annular box 2, multiple oil guide pipes 2 are fixedly installed with baffles 2 at one end away from the retainer 1, multiple oil guide pipes 2 are sleeved with positioning cylinders 2 and springs 2, the two ends of the springs 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the annular box 2 and the retainer 2, the end of the positioning cylinder 2 away from the annular box 2 is fixedly connected to the retainer 2, the annular box 2 is provided with multiple oil guide holes 2 distributed in a circular array, and the annular box 2 is fixedly installed with two oil filling pipes.

Preferably, a magnet column is slidably installed on the scraper, and two ends of the magnet column are fixedly connected to the second inner wall of the oil tank and the first inner wall of the oil tank respectively.

A reducer is suitable for the above-mentioned bearing capable of bearing radial load, comprising a reducer body, on which an input shaft and an output shaft are arranged, and the input shaft and the output shaft are connected to the reducer body through bearings capable of bearing radial load.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention can completely discharge the old grease when injecting new grease into multiple rollers by arranging an oil injection assembly, thereby avoiding the intersection of new and old greases. Secondly, in the process of discharging the old grease, the metal debris generated during the movement of multiple rollers can be discharged, ensuring that the metal debris will not be mixed in the new grease and affect its lubrication effect;

2. The present invention can absorb metal debris in the grease in the oil chamber 1 or the oil chamber 2 through the magnet column in the oil filling assembly, thereby reducing the metal debris attached to the roller, the inner ring and the outer ring. In addition, the scraper that can move during the oil filling process can scrape off the metal debris on the roller and the inner wall of the ring groove 1 and the ring groove 2, thereby ensuring that the roller can roll smoothly in the inner ring and the outer ring.

3. The cage 1 and the cage 2 can improve the stability of multiple rollers in motion, ensure that they are not prone to flipping or deflecting when subjected to axial or radial external forces, and improve the ability of the rollers to resist axial and radial loads. In addition, since the oil injection mechanism 1 and the oil injection mechanism 2 in the oil injection assembly are on the same side, when new grease is injected into multiple rollers, the old grease flows out from the same side, ensuring that it will not enter the interior of the reducer body from the other side.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bearing capable of bearing a radial shaft load proposed by the present invention;

FIG2 is a partial side sectional view of a bearing capable of bearing a radial shaft load according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a side cross-sectional view of an inner ring, an outer ring, a dust seal ring 1 and a dust seal ring 2 in a bearing capable of bearing a radial shaft load proposed by the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cage 1, a cage 2 and a plurality of rollers in a bearing capable of bearing a radial shaft load proposed by the present invention;

FIG5 is a side sectional view and a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of a bearing capable of bearing a shaft radial load proposed by the present invention;

FIG6 is a side cross-sectional view of a cage 1, a cage 2, an oil injection assembly and a plurality of rollers in a bearing capable of bearing an axial radial load proposed by the present invention;

FIG7 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A in FIG6 ;

FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a reducer and an outer ring proposed by the present invention.

In the figure: 1, inner ring; 11, ring groove 1; 2, outer ring; 21, ring groove 2; 3, dust ring 1; 4, dust ring 2; 5, cage 1; 51, oil groove 1; 6, cage 2; 61, oil groove 2; 7, roller; 71, boss; 8, oil injection assembly; 81, scraper; 82, oil chamber 1; 83, oil chamber 2; 84, oil injection mechanism 1; 841, oil guide pipe 1; 842, oil guide hole 1; 843, Baffle plate one; 844, annular box one; 845, positioning cylinder one; 846, spring one; 847, oil filling pipe one; 85, oil filling mechanism two; 851, oil guide pipe two; 852, oil guide hole two; 853, baffle plate two; 854, annular box two; 855, positioning cylinder two; 856, spring two; 857, oil filling pipe two; 86, magnet column; 9, reducer body; 91, input shaft; 92, output shaft.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 8. The present invention provides a technical solution for bearing a radial load of an axis, comprising an inner ring 1 and an outer ring 2, wherein an annular groove 11 is provided on the outer side of the inner ring 1, and an annular groove 21 is provided on the inner side of the outer ring 2. A retainer 1 5 and a retainer 2 6 are provided between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2, and a plurality of rollers 7 distributed in a circumferential array are rollingly mounted between the retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6, and the retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6 are used to prevent the plurality of rollers 7 from flipping and deflecting when subjected to an external force in the radial direction of the axis, and the plurality of rollers 7 are rollingly connected with the inner walls of the annular groove 1 11 and the annular groove 2 21, and the plurality of rollers 7 are provided with the same oil injection assembly 8, which is used to inject new grease between the plurality of rollers 7, and completely discharge the old grease through the injected new grease, and in the process of discharging the old grease, the metal debris between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 is carried and discharged.

Bosses 71 are provided at both ends of the roller 7. The two bosses 71 respectively penetrate the retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6 and are rotatably connected to the retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6. The retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6 are rotatably connected to the inner walls of the ring groove 1 11 and the ring groove 2 21 on both sides respectively. The dust ring 1 3 and the dust ring 2 4 are clamped and installed between the inner ring 1 and the dust ring 1 3.

The oil filling assembly 8 includes a plurality of scrapers 81 disposed between the retainer 1 5 and the retainer 2 6 and distributed in a circumferential array, and the two ends of the scrapers 81 are respectively slidably connected with the adjacent rollers 7. The two sides of the scrapers 81 are respectively clearance-matched with the inner walls of the annular groove 1 11 and the annular groove 2 21, and an oil chamber 1 82 is formed between the retainer 1 5 and the scrapers 81 and the inner walls of the annular groove 1 11 and the annular groove 2 21, and an oil chamber 2 83 is formed between the retainer 2 6 and the scrapers 81 and the inner walls of the annular groove 1 11 and the annular groove 2 21.

Furthermore, since the scraper 81 is slidably connected to the two adjacent rollers 7, the scraper 81 can scrape off the metal debris attached to the rollers 7 when it slides close to the retainer 1 5 or the retainer 2 6.

Since there is a certain gap between the scraper 81 and the inner walls of the annular groove 11 and the annular groove 21, it can be ensured that the scraper 81 will not directly contact the inner walls of the annular groove 11 and the annular groove 21. In addition, due to the small gap, when the oil chamber 1 82 or the oil chamber 2 83 is filled with new grease or grease, when the scraper 81 moves from the side of the new grease to the side of the old grease, since there is no extra cavity on the side of the new grease, the old grease will not flow to the side of the new grease, thereby ensuring that the metal debris in the old grease will not flow to the side of the new grease, and the new grease finally injected is clean.

The oil injection assembly 8 also includes an oil injection mechanism 1 84 and an oil injection mechanism 2 85. The oil injection mechanism 1 84 includes an oil guide pipe 1 841 that penetrates the retainer 2 6 and is fixedly connected to the retainer 2 6. The retainer 2 6 is provided with an oil groove 2 61 on the side close to the scraper 81. The oil groove 2 61 is connected to the oil guide pipe 1 841. The oil injection mechanism 2 85 includes an oil guide pipe 2 851 that penetrates the retainer 2 6 and is fixedly connected to the retainer 2 6. One end of the oil guide pipe 2 851 is close to the retainer 1 5 and is fixedly connected to the retainer 1 5. The retainer 1 5 is provided with an oil groove 1 51 on the side close to the retainer 2 6. The oil groove 1 51 is connected to the oil guide pipe 2 851. The oil guide pipe 2 851 penetrates the scraper 81 and is slidably connected to the scraper 81.

The oil injection mechanism 84 also includes an annular box 844 located on the side of the retainer 26 away from the retainer 5, multiple oil guide pipes 841 all penetrate the annular box 844 and are slidably connected to the annular box 844, and a baffle 843 is fixedly installed on the end of the multiple oil guide pipes 841 away from the retainer 5, and a positioning cylinder 845 and a spring 846 are sleeved on the multiple oil guide pipes 841, and the two ends of the spring 846 are respectively fixedly connected to the annular box 844 and the retainer 26. The end of the positioning cylinder 845 away from the annular box 844 is fixedly connected to the retainer 26, and the annular box 844 is provided with multiple oil guide holes 842 distributed in a circumferential array, and an oil injection pipe 847 is fixedly installed through the annular box 844.

The oil filling mechanism 85 also includes an annular box 854 located on the side of the retaining frame 6 away from the retaining frame 5, a plurality of oil guide pipes 851 all penetrate the annular box 854 and are slidably connected to the annular box 854, a baffle 853 is fixedly installed on the end of the plurality of oil guide pipes 851 away from the retaining frame 5, a positioning cylinder 855 and a spring 856 are sleeved on the plurality of oil guide pipes 851, the two ends of the spring 856 are respectively fixedly connected to the annular box 854 and the retaining frame 6, the end of the positioning cylinder 855 away from the annular box 854 is fixedly connected to the retaining frame 6, a plurality of oil guide holes 852 distributed in a circular array are opened on the annular box 854, and an oil filling pipe 857 is fixedly installed through the annular box 854.

A magnet column 86 is slidably installed through the scraper 81 , and two ends of the magnet column 86 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second oil groove 61 and the inner wall of the first oil groove 51 respectively.

Furthermore, the magnet column 86 can have a certain adsorption effect on the metal debris in the grease in the oil chamber 1 82 or the oil chamber 2 83, thereby reducing the involvement of the metal debris when the roller 7 contacts other components, and can reduce the probability of the metal debris scratching the roller 7 and other components.

In addition, when the scraper 81 moves toward the holder 1 5 or the holder 2 6, the metal debris attached to the magnet column 86 can be scraped off. After the scraper 81 is attached to the holder 1 5 or the holder 2 6, the metal debris scraped off from the magnet column 86 falls into the oil tank 1 51 or the oil tank 2 61. Afterwards, when the old grease is discharged from the oil tank 1 51 or the oil tank 2 61, the metal debris falling into the oil tank 1 51 and the oil tank 2 61 can be carried out together with the discharged old grease;

Finally, through the cooperation of the magnet column 86 and the oil guide tube 851, when the grease in the oil chamber 1 82 or the oil chamber 2 83 increases, the scraper 81 will only move along the axis of the magnet column 86 and the oil guide tube 851, ensuring that the scraper 81 will not deviate during the movement.

A reducer, suitable for the above-mentioned bearing capable of bearing radial load, comprises a reducer body 9, on which an input shaft 91 and an output shaft 92 are arranged, and the input shaft 91 and the output shaft 92 are connected to the reducer body 9 via bearings capable of bearing radial load.

In this embodiment: when there is old grease in the multiple oil chambers 83, it is necessary to replace the old grease by injecting new grease into the multiple oil chambers 82. Before injecting the new grease, the multiple scrapers 81 are completely fitted with the retainer 5. When injecting new grease into the multiple oil chambers 82 through the oil injection mechanism 85, the oil injection device is first aligned with the oil injection pipe 857, and the annular box 854 is pushed to overcome the elastic force of the multiple springs 856 and then rest on the multiple positioning cylinders 855. At this time, the multiple oil guide holes 852 on the multiple oil guide pipes 851 are all connected with the annular box 854. The grease in the oil injection device is injected into the annular box 854 through the oil injection pipe 857 and then injected into the multiple oil guide pipes 851 through the multiple oil guide holes 852. After that, the grease flows into the multiple oil grooves 51 through the multiple oil guide pipes 851 and fills the multiple oil chambers 82.

As the grease in the oil chamber 82 continues to increase, the scraper 81 will be pushed by the grease to the retaining frame 6. During the movement of the scraper 81, the old grease originally located in the oil chamber 83 will be pushed into the multiple oil guide tubes 841 and finally discharged through the multiple oil guide holes 842. During the discharge of the old grease in the oil chamber 83, the metal debris generated by the roller 7 during the rolling process is also discharged along with the old grease, and it is ensured that the new grease will not be mixed with the old grease when it is added into the oil chamber 82.

When new grease is injected into the oil chamber 83 through the oil filling mechanism 84, at this time, the scraper 81 and the retaining frame 6 are completely fitted together, and the oil filling device is aligned with the oil filling pipe 847, and the annular box 844 is pushed to overcome the elastic force of the multiple springs 846 and then rest on the multiple positioning cylinders 845. At this time, the multiple oil guide holes 842 on the multiple oil guide pipes 841 are all connected with the annular box 844, and the grease in the oil filling device is injected into the annular box 844 through the oil filling pipe 847 and then injected into the multiple oil guide pipes 841 through the multiple oil guide holes 842. Thereafter, the grease flows into the multiple oil grooves 61 through the multiple oil guide pipes 841 and fills the multiple oil chambers 83.

As the grease in the oil chamber 83 continues to increase, the scraper 81 will be pushed by the grease to the retaining frame 5. During the movement of the scraper 81, the old grease originally located in the oil chamber 82 will be pushed into the multiple oil guide tubes 851 and finally discharged through the multiple oil guide holes 852. During the discharge of the old grease in the oil chamber 82, the metal debris generated by the roller 7 during the rolling process is also discharged along with the old grease, and it is ensured that the new grease will not be mixed with the old grease when it is added into the oil chamber 83.

The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A bearing capable of bearing a radial load, comprising an inner ring (1) and an outer ring (2), characterized in that: the outer ring (2) is located on the inner side of the inner ring (1), an annular groove (11) is provided on the outer side of the inner ring (1), an annular groove (21) is provided on the inner side of the outer ring (2), a retainer (5) and a retainer (6) are provided between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2), a plurality of rollers (7) distributed in a circumferential array are rollingly mounted between the retainer (5) and the retainer (6), and the retainer (5) and the retainer (6) are provided with a plurality of rollers (7) arranged in a circumferential array. The first (5) and the second cage (6) are used to prevent the plurality of rollers (7) from turning over and deviating when subjected to an axial radial external force. The plurality of rollers (7) are all in rolling connection with the inner walls of the first ring groove (11) and the second ring groove (21). The plurality of rollers (7) are provided with a same oil injection assembly (8). The oil injection assembly (8) is used to inject new grease between the plurality of rollers (7) and completely discharge the old grease through the injected new grease. In the process of discharging the old grease, metal debris between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2) is carried and discharged; The oil injection assembly (8) comprises a plurality of scrapers (81) located between the first retainer (5) and the second retainer (6) and distributed in a circumferential array, the two ends of the scrapers (81) being respectively slidably connected to adjacent rollers (7), the two sides of the scrapers (81) respectively being clearance-matched with the inner walls of the first annular groove (11) and the second annular groove (21), an oil chamber (82) being formed between the first retainer (5) and the scrapers (81) and the inner walls of the first annular groove (11) and the second annular groove (21), and an oil chamber (83) being formed between the second retainer (6) and the scrapers (81) and the inner walls of the first annular groove (11) and the second annular groove (21); The oil injection assembly (8) further comprises an oil injection mechanism 1 (84) and an oil injection mechanism 2 (85). The oil injection mechanism 1 (84) comprises an oil guide pipe 1 (841) penetrating the second retainer (6) and fixedly connected to the second retainer (6). A second oil groove (61) is provided on a side of the second retainer (6) close to the scraper (81). The second oil groove (61) is communicated with the oil guide pipe 1 (841). The oil injection mechanism 2 (85) comprises an oil guide pipe 2 (851) penetrating the second retainer (6) and fixedly connected to the second retainer (6). One end of the second oil guide pipe (851) close to the first retainer (5) is fixedly connected to the first retainer (5). A first oil groove (51) is provided on a side of the first retainer (5) close to the second retainer (6). The first oil groove (51) is communicated with the second oil guide pipe (851). The second oil guide pipe (851) penetrating the scraper (81) and slidably connected to the scraper (81). 2. A bearing capable of bearing axial radial loads according to claim 1, characterized in that: bosses (71) are provided at both ends of the roller (7), the two bosses (71) respectively penetrate through retainer 1 (5) and retainer 2 (6) and are rotatably connected to retainer 1 (5) and retainer 2 (6), the retainer 1 (5) and retainer 2 (6) are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of both sides of annular groove 1 (11) and annular groove 2 (21), and dust ring 1 (3) and dust ring 2 (4) are snap-fittedly installed between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2). 3. A bearing capable of bearing radial shaft loads according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oil injection mechanism (84) further comprises an annular box (844) located on the side of the retainer (6) away from the retainer (5), a plurality of oil guide pipes (841) all penetrate the annular box (844) and are slidably connected to the annular box (844), a baffle (843) is fixedly mounted on one end of the plurality of oil guide pipes (841) away from the retainer (5), and a plurality of oil guide pipes (841) are provided on the upper surface of the plurality of oil guide pipes (841). A positioning cylinder (845) and a spring (846) are sleeved on each of the two ends of the spring (846), the two ends of the spring (846) being fixedly connected to the annular box (844) and the retaining frame (6) respectively, the end of the positioning cylinder (845) away from the annular box (844) being fixedly connected to the retaining frame (6), the oil guide pipe (841) being provided with a plurality of oil guide holes (842) distributed in a circular array, and an oil filling pipe (847) being fixedly installed through the annular box (844). 4. A bearing capable of bearing radial shaft load according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second oil injection mechanism (85) further comprises a second annular box (854) located on the side of the second retainer (6) away from the first retainer (5), a plurality of second oil guide pipes (851) all penetrate the second annular box (854) and are slidably connected to the second annular box (854), a baffle plate (853) is fixedly mounted on one end of the plurality of second oil guide pipes (851) away from the first retainer (5), and a plurality of second oil guide pipes (851) are provided on the second retainer (5). A second positioning cylinder (855) and a second spring (856) are sleeved thereon, the two ends of the second spring (856) being fixedly connected to the second annular box (854) and the second retaining frame (6) respectively, the end of the second positioning cylinder (855) away from the second annular box (854) being fixedly connected to the second retaining frame (6), the second oil guide pipe (851) being provided with a plurality of second oil guide holes (852) distributed in a circular array, and the second annular box (854) being fixedly installed with a second oil filling pipe (857) passing through it. 5. A bearing capable of bearing axial radial loads according to claim 1, characterized in that: a magnet column (86) is slidably mounted through the scraper (81), and two ends of the magnet column (86) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second oil groove (61) and the inner wall of the first oil groove (51). 6. A reducer, comprising a bearing capable of bearing a radial shaft load as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a reducer body (9), the reducer body (9) is provided with an input shaft (91) and an output shaft (92), and the input shaft (91) and the output shaft (92) are connected to the reducer body (9) via bearings capable of bearing a radial shaft load.