CN118610769A - Antenna structure and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment, wherein a slot is formed in the floor of the antenna structure, and the antenna structure can have at least two different current paths when radiation is generated by utilizing the slot. Correspondingly, the antenna structure can generate at least two different resonances, so that the antenna structure has good radiation characteristics. The antenna structure includes: the first radiator, the second radiator, the floor and the first feed portion. The first end of the first radiator and the first end of the second radiator are opposite and not in contact with each other. The first grounding position of the floor is coupled with the second end of the first radiator, the second grounding position of the floor is coupled with the second end of the second radiator, and a first gap extending towards the inside of the floor is formed between the first grounding position and the second grounding position. The first feed part is electrically connected between the floors at two sides of the first gap.

Description

Antenna structure and electronic device

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on March 6, 2023, with application number 202310257395.2 and application name “An Antenna Structure and Electronic Device”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to an antenna structure and an electronic device.

Background Art

Under the current circumstances, the communication frequency bands of electronic devices will continue to coexist with the third generation of mobile communication technology (3G), the fourth generation of mobile communication technology (4G), and the fifth generation of mobile communication technology (5G), and the number of antennas will increase.

The use of electronic devices with metal appearance is the current trend of industrial design (ID). For electronic devices with metal appearance, it is usually necessary to make slits in the metal appearance (for example, the frame or the back cover) and use part of the metal appearance as the radiator of the antenna. However, since multiple slits need to be opened on the metal appearance, the integrity of the metal appearance will be affected, affecting the appearance. Therefore, miniaturization, structural requirements with fewer slits, and wide frequency band and high efficiency performance have become important design directions for antennas in electronic devices.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure and an electronic device, wherein a gap is provided on the floor of the antenna structure, and the gap is used to enable the antenna structure to have at least two different current paths when generating radiation. Correspondingly, the antenna structure can generate at least two different resonances, so that the antenna structure has good radiation characteristics.

In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising: a first radiator and a second radiator, wherein the first end of the first radiator and the first end of the second radiator are opposite to each other and do not contact each other, and the first end of the first radiator and the first end of the second radiator are open ends; a floor, wherein the floor comprises a first grounding position, a second grounding position and a first gap, a first gap is formed between the floor and the first radiator, and a second gap is formed between the floor and the second radiator, the first grounding position is coupled to the second end of the first radiator, the second grounding position is coupled to the second end of the second radiator, the first gap extends from the edge of the floor to the inside of the floor, and at least a portion of the first gap is between the first grounding position and the second grounding position; a first feeder, wherein the first end of the first feeder is coupled to the floor on a first side of the first gap, and the second end of the first feeder is coupled to the floor on a second side of the first gap.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is that a first gap is opened in the floor between two grounding positions of the radiator of the antenna structure, and the first feeding part and the electronic component are electrically connected between the floor on both sides of the first gap. The antenna structure can generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the frequency of the first resonance is lower than the frequency of the second resonance. The first resonance and the second resonance can expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure also includes an electronic component; the first end of the first feed portion is coupled to the floor on the first side of the first slot through the first end of the electronic component, and the second end of the electronic component is coupled to the floor on the second side of the first slot.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when the first feeding portion feeds an electrical signal, due to the current selection characteristics (high-pass characteristics) of the electronic component, there may be two different current paths.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the electronic component includes a capacitor, and an equivalent capacitance value of the electronic component may be greater than or equal to 0.3 pF and less than or equal to 3 pF.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component can be determined according to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure includes at least part of the low frequency band (698MHz-960MHz), and the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component may be greater than or equal to 0.3pF, and less than or equal to 3pF. In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure includes at least part of the medium frequency band (1710MHz-2170MHz) or the high frequency band (2300MHz-2690MHz), and the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component is greater than or equal to 0.3pF, and less than or equal to 2pF.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a physical length of a first gap between an edge of the floor and a location where the first feeding portion and the floor are electrically connected is less than half of a physical length L1 of the first gap.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, the frequency of the first resonance is lower than the frequency of the second resonance; at the resonance point of the first resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor on both sides of the first gap are in the same direction; at the resonance point of the second resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor on both sides of the first gap are in the same direction.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first gap in the floor has little effect on the current distribution and the electric field distribution on the first radiator and the second radiator. At the resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the second resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor on both sides of the first gap are in the same direction. Since the current distribution and the electric field distribution on the first radiator and the second radiator do not change, the first mode generating the first resonance and the second mode generating the second resonance both maintain the characteristics of the CM mode described in the above embodiment.

Since the first mode and the second mode are both CM modes, the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern corresponding to the first resonance is substantially the same as the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern corresponding to the second resonance, and there will be no directional pattern alienation, which facilitates application in a MIMO antenna system.

At the same time, since the first mode and the second mode are both CM modes, no efficiency pit will be generated in the working frequency band formed by the first resonance and the second resonance, so that the antenna structure can have good radiation efficiency and system efficiency.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current between the first grounding position and the second grounding position flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position and the second grounding position and the floor on both sides of the first gap; at the resonance point of the second resonance, the current between the first grounding position and the second grounding position flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position and the second grounding position and the electronic component.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the electrical length of the first gap is within the range of (a quarter of the first wavelength ± 10%), and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance. In one embodiment, the first wavelength is the medium wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when the electrical length of the first slot is approximately one-quarter of the first wavelength, in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance, when the current is transmitted from the first side of the first slot (second position) to the second side via the floor surrounding the first slot, the electrical length of the current path is approximately one-half of the first wavelength. After the current passes through the electrical length of one-half wavelength, its phase changes to 360°, so that the currents on the floors on both sides of the second position are in the same direction.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the sum of the electrical length of the first radiator and the electrical length of the second radiator is within the range of (half of the first wavelength ±10%), and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance. In one embodiment, the first wavelength is the medium wavelength corresponding to the first resonance.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first gap is in a straight line shape, a broken line shape, an arc shape, or a T shape.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the first slit can also be in a straight line, a broken line, an arc, a T-shape, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. It should be understood that when the first slit is in the above different shapes, its physical length can be understood as the sum of the physical lengths of the parts of the first slit extending in different directions.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the physical length L1 of the first gap, the physical length L2 of the first radiator, and the physical length L3 of the second radiator satisfy: (L2+L3)×25%≤L1≤(L2+L3)×100%.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the physical length L2 of the first radiator and the physical length L3 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×70%≤L3≤L2×130%.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the physical length of the first radiator and the physical length of the second radiator should be substantially the same, so that the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is within a threshold, and the first resonance and the second resonance can jointly form an operating frequency band to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure. In one embodiment, the electrical length of the first radiator and the electrical length of the second radiator should be substantially the same.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure also includes a third radiator and a second feeding portion, and the second feeding portion is different from the first feeding portion; wherein the first end of the third radiator and the second end of the third radiator are open ends; the central area of the third radiator includes a feeding point, and the second feeding portion is coupled to the feeding point.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, in the antenna structure, the first radiator, the second radiator and the first feeder can form a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit can operate in the CM mode of the slot antenna. The third radiator and the second feeder can form a second antenna unit, and the second antenna unit can operate in the CM mode of the wire antenna. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are orthogonal (the product of the electric field in the far field is zero (integral orthogonal)), there is good isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit. In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit include the same communication frequency band, which can be applied to the MIMO antenna system in electronic devices.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a distance between the third radiator and the first radiator or the second radiator is less than or equal to 10 mm.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the third radiator and the first radiator or the second radiator is less than or equal to 10 mm, so that the layout of the radiator of the antenna structure is compact and occupies less space.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the length L4 of the third radiator in the first direction and the distance L5 between the first grounding position and the second grounding position along the first direction satisfy: L4×90%≤L5≤L4×110%, and the first direction is the extension direction of the length of the first radiator.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when the length of the third radiator in the first direction is approximately the same as the length of the area where the first radiator and the second radiator are located in the first direction, the radiator of the antenna structure occupies the smallest space, which is more convenient for layout in electronic devices with compact space.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frequency of the electrical signal fed by the first feeder is the same as the frequency of the electrical signal fed by the second feeder.

According to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit include the same communication frequency band, which can be applied to the MIMO antenna system in the electronic device.

In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising the antenna structure described in any one of the first aspects, the electronic device further comprising a frame and a PCB, the frame comprising a conductive part; the frame having a first position, a second position, and a second gap, the second gap being located between the first position and the second position, the first radiator of the antenna structure comprising at least a portion of the frame between the first position and the second gap, the second radiator of the antenna structure comprising at least a portion of the frame between the second gap and the second position; the PCB comprising a floor of the antenna structure.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the electronic device further includes a bracket, and at least a portion of the third radiator of the antenna structure is located on a surface of the bracket.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the electronic device further includes a back cover, and at least a portion of the third radiator of the antenna structure is located on a surface of the back cover.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a distance between a projection of the first radiator on the plane where the floor is located or a distance between the projection of the second radiator on the plane where the floor is located and the floor is less than 1 mm.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first radiator and the second radiator are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the resonant frequency band formed by the first resonance and the second resonance includes a first frequency band; the third radiator is used to generate a third resonance, and the resonant frequency band formed by the third resonance includes the first frequency band; and the operating frequency band of the electronic device includes the first frequency band.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to the HWM of the dipole antenna provided in the present application.

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of current distribution corresponding to the OWM of the dipole antenna provided in the present application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of current distribution after the dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application is bent.

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of current distribution after the dipole antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application is bent.

FIG6 is a diagram showing the structure of the common mode of the slot antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

FIG7 is a diagram showing the structure of the differential mode of the slot antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution diagram of the current, electric field, and magnetic current.

FIG. 8 is a directional diagram generated by the slot antenna shown in FIG. 6 in the CM mode.

FIG. 9 is a directional diagram generated by the slot antenna shown in FIG. 7 in the DM mode.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 .

FIG. 13 is a Smith chart of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 .

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 .

FIG. 15 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (eg, 1.6 GHz).

FIG. 16 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at the second resonance (eg, 1.9 GHz).

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (eg, 1.6 GHz).

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at the second resonance (eg, 1.9 GHz).

FIG. 19 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (eg, 1.6 GHz).

FIG. 20 is a directional diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a second resonance (eg, 1.9 GHz).

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 .

FIG. 25 is a Smith chart of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 .

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 .

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 .

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG30 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG29 .

FIG31 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG29 .

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 30 .

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 31 .

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 30 .

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 31 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" used in this article is only a description of the same field of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

When used in this application, “within the range of…”, unless it is separately specified that an end value is not included, it is assumed that both end values of the range are included. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, the two values 1 and 5 are included.

Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupled connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless/non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by coupling between the gap between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor.

Lumped component/device: refers to the collective name for all components when the size of the component is much smaller than the wavelength relative to the circuit operating frequency. For the signal, no matter at any time, the component characteristics always remain fixed and are independent of frequency.

Distributed components/devices: Different from lumped components, if the size of the component is similar to or larger than the wavelength relative to the circuit operating frequency, then when the signal passes through the component, the characteristics of each point of the component itself will vary due to the change of the signal. At this time, the component as a whole cannot be regarded as a single entity with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed component.

Capacitance: It can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

Inductance: It can be understood as lumped inductance and/or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive parts.

Radiator: It is a device in the antenna used to receive/send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the "antenna" in a narrow sense is understood as a radiator, which converts the waveguide energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is transmitted to the receiver input via the feeder line.

The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet shape, etc. The present application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator may be referred to as a linear antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be referred to as a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator may be implemented by a bracket conductor, and may also be referred to as a bracket antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator, or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the length is about 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer). The main forms of linear antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, inverted F antennas (IFA), and planar inverted Fantennas (PIFA). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna generally includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding unit from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, an IFA can be regarded as a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted F antenna because its side view is an inverted F shape. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc. The shape of the sheet radiator includes a circle, a rectangle, a ring, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna is generally composed of a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.

The radiator may also include a slot or a slit formed on the conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slit formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slitted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or a slit antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slit may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slit (for example, an opening is added to a closed slot or slit) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is in the shape of an elongated strip. In some embodiments, the length of the slot is approximately half a wavelength (for example, a dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (for example, one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot may be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides thereof, whereby a radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited on the slot and electromagnetic waves are radiated into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame with both ends grounded, which can also be called a frame antenna; in this embodiment, it can be regarded as that the slot antenna or slot antenna includes a linear radiator, which is spaced apart from the floor and grounded at both ends of the radiator, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or slot. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented by a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, which can also be called a bracket antenna.

The feed unit (feeding section)/feeding circuit/feeding structure is a combination of all components of the antenna for the purpose of receiving and transmitting radio frequency waves. In the case of a receiving antenna, the feed unit can be considered as the part of the antenna from the first amplifier to the front-end transmitter. In a transmitting antenna, the feed unit can be regarded as the part after the last power amplifier. In some cases, the "feed unit" is understood in a narrow sense as an RF chip, or a transmission path including an RF chip to a radiator or a feeding point on a transmission line. The feed unit has the function of converting radio waves into electrical signals and sending them to the receiver component. Generally, it is considered to be a part of the antenna that converts radio waves into electrical signals and vice versa. The antenna should be designed with maximum power transfer possibilities and efficiency in mind. To do this, the antenna feed impedance must be matched to the load resistance. The antenna feed impedance is a combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance. To ensure maximum power transfer conditions, the two impedances (load resistance and feed impedance) should be matched. Matching can be done by considering frequency requirements and design parameters of the antenna such as gain, directivity and radiation efficiency.

End/point: The "end/point" in the first end/second end/feeding end/grounding end/feeding point/grounding point/connection point of the antenna radiator cannot be narrowly understood as an end point or end portion that is physically disconnected from other radiators, but can also be considered as a point or a section on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, the "end/point" may include a connection/coupling area on the antenna radiator that is coupled to other conductive structures. For example, the feed end/feeding point may be a coupling area on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a feed structure or a feed circuit (for example, an area facing a portion of the feed circuit). For another example, the ground end/grounding point may be a connection/coupling area on the antenna radiator that is coupled to a ground structure or a ground circuit.

Open end, closed end: In some embodiments, the open end/grounded end is, for example, relative to whether it is grounded, the closed end is grounded, and the open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, the open end/closed end is, for example, relative to other conductors, the closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open end can also be referred to as a free end, an open end, or an open circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end can also be referred to as a grounded end, or a short circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled and connected through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

Resonance/resonance frequency: The resonance frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency may refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance is zero. The resonance frequency may have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency may be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the first resonance mentioned in this application for the antenna/radiator "generating the first resonance" should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna/radiator, or the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna/radiator.

Resonance frequency band/communication frequency band/working frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (band width). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band has a working frequency band that includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.

Electrical length: It can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Wavelength: or operating wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band.

It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in the air can be calculated as follows: (wavelength in air, or wavelength in vacuum) = speed of light/frequency, where frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3×108 m/s. The wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Among them, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the dielectric wavelength, which can be the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the dielectric wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "dielectric wavelength" may also refer to the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the working frequency band. For ease of understanding, the dielectric wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.

Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

Antenna radiation efficiency: refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e. the power of the electromagnetic wave part that is effectively converted) to the active power input to the antenna. Among them, the active power input to the antenna = the input power of the antenna - the loss power; the loss power mainly includes the return loss power and the ohmic loss power of the metal and/or the dielectric loss power. The radiation efficiency is a value that measures the radiation ability of the antenna. Metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors that affect the radiation efficiency.

Those skilled in the art can understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between efficiency and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

Antenna pattern: also called radiation pattern. It refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field changing with direction at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

Antenna radiation patterns usually have multiple radiation beams. The radiation beam with the strongest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction of the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

Smith chart: It is a calculation diagram of a family of circles of equivalent values of normalized input impedance (or admittance) plotted on a reflection system scattered plane. This diagram consists of three circles and is used to solve transmission line and certain waveguide problems using graphical methods to avoid tedious calculations.

Antenna return loss: It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit to the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the antenna transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter is, the smaller the antenna return loss is, and the less energy is reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna system efficiency is; the larger the S11 parameter is, the greater the antenna return loss is, and the lower the antenna system efficiency is.

It should be noted that in engineering, the S11 value is generally -6dB as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or that the antenna has good transmission efficiency.

Ground (GND): can refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc. "GND" can be used for grounding components in electronic devices. In one embodiment, "ground" can be a grounding layer of a circuit board of an electronic device, or a grounding plate formed by a frame of an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a metal film under a screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12 to 14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as glass fiber, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the grounding layer are electrically connected through vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, a touch screen, input buttons, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to a wiring layer and/or a ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is disposed on the wiring layer.

Any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

Grounding: refers to coupling with the above-mentioned ground/floor in any way. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as physical grounding (or physical ground) at a specific position on the frame through some structural parts of the middle frame. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as grounding through devices such as capacitors/inductors/resistors connected in series or in parallel (or device ground).

The technical solution of the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG1 , the electronic device 10 may include: a cover 13, a display screen/module 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame 19, and a rear cover 21. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 13 may be a glass cover, or may be replaced by a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material cover.

The cover plate 13 may be disposed closely to the display module 15 , and may be mainly used to protect the display module 15 and prevent dust.

In one embodiment, the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel or an organic light emitting semiconductor (OLED) display panel, etc., but the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

The middle frame 19 mainly supports the whole machine. FIG. 1 shows that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Among them, the printed circuit board PCB17 can adopt a flame retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, or a Rogers dielectric board, or a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on. Here, FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame retardant material, and the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are carried on the PCB17. In one embodiment, a metal layer can be provided on the printed circuit board PCB17. The metal layer can be used for grounding the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17, and can also be used for grounding other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. The metal layer can be called a floor, or a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any layer of the dielectric board in the PCB17. In one embodiment, the metal layer for grounding can be arranged on one side of the printed circuit board PCB17 close to the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB17 can be regarded as the edge of its grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 19 can also be used for grounding the above-mentioned components. The electronic device 10 can also have other floors/grounding plates/grounding layers, as described above, which will not be repeated here.

The electronic device 10 may further include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this. In some embodiments, the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery may be disposed between the main board and the sub-board, wherein the main board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.

The electronic device 10 may further include a frame 11, and the frame 11 may include a conductive material such as metal. The frame 11 may be disposed between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 10. The frame 11 may have four sides surrounding the display module 15 to help fix the display module 15. In one implementation, the frame 11 made of a metal material may be directly used as a metal frame of the electronic device 10, forming the appearance of a metal frame, which is suitable for a metal industrial design (industrial design, ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 11 may also be a non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, forming the appearance of a non-metallic frame, which is suitable for a non-metallic ID.

The middle frame 19 may include a border 11. The middle frame 19 including the border 11 as an integral part may support the electronic devices in the whole machine. The cover plate 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the border to form a shell or housing (housing) of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 and/or the middle frame 19 may be collectively referred to as a shell or housing of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that "shell or housing" may be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19, or to refer to part or all of any combination of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19.

The frame 11 on the middle frame 19 can at least partially serve as an antenna radiator to receive/transmit radio frequency signals. There can be a gap between this portion of the frame serving as the radiator and other portions of the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment. In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 can be provided with an aperture at this portion of the frame serving as the radiator to facilitate the radiation of the antenna.

Alternatively, the frame 11 may not be considered as a part of the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the frame 11 may be connected to the middle frame 19 and formed integrally. In another embodiment, the frame 11 may include a protrusion extending inward to be connected to the middle frame 19, for example, by means of a shrapnel, a screw, welding, etc. The protrusion of the frame 11 may also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least a portion of the frame 11 serves as a radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit radio frequency signals. There may be a gap 42 between this portion of the frame that serves as a radiator and the middle frame 30, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, so that the antenna has a good signal transmission function.

The back cover 21 may be a back cover made of metal material; or a back cover made of non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or a back cover made of both conductive and non-conductive materials. In one embodiment, the back cover 21 made of conductive material may replace the middle frame 19 and be integrated with the frame 11 to support the electronic components in the whole device.

In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 and/or the conductive parts in the back cover 21 can be used as the reference ground of the electronic device 10, wherein the frame 11, PCB 17, etc. of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connection with the middle frame.

The antenna of the electronic device 10 can also be arranged in the frame 11. When the frame 11 of the electronic device 10 is a non-conductive material, the antenna radiator can be located in the electronic device 10 and arranged along the frame 11. For example, the antenna radiator is arranged close to the frame 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the antenna radiator and to be closer to the outside of the electronic device 10 to achieve better signal transmission effect. It should be noted that the antenna radiator is arranged close to the frame 11 means that the antenna radiator can be arranged close to the frame 11, or it can be arranged close to the frame 11, for example, there can be a certain small gap between the antenna radiator and the frame 11.

The antenna of the electronic device 10 can also be arranged in the housing, such as a bracket antenna, a millimeter wave antenna, etc. (not shown in FIG. 1 ). The clearance of the antenna arranged in the housing can be obtained by the slits/openings on any one of the middle frame, and/or the frame, and/or the back cover, and/or the display screen, or by the non-conductive gap/aperture formed between any of them. The clearance setting of the antenna can ensure the radiation performance of the antenna. It should be understood that the clearance of the antenna can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component in the electronic device 10, and the antenna radiates signals to the external space through the non-conductive area. In one embodiment, the antenna 40 can be in the form of an antenna based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), an antenna based on laser direct structuring (LDS), or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA). In one embodiment, the antenna can also adopt a transparent structure embedded in the screen of the electronic device 10, so that the antenna is a transparent antenna unit embedded in the screen of the electronic device 10.

FIG. 1 schematically shows only some components of the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, sizes and structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the surface where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front side, the surface where the back cover is located can be considered as the back side, and the surface where the frame is located can be considered as the side side.

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, when the user holds the electronic device (usually vertically and facing the screen), the electronic device is located at a position having a top, a bottom, a left side, and a right side. It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, when the user holds the electronic device (usually vertically and facing the screen), the electronic device is located at a position having a top, a bottom, a left side, and a right side.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 introduce two antenna modes involved in the present application. In the embodiments of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a dipole antenna is used as an illustration. It should be understood that the present application does not limit the introduction of the antenna mode by a specific antenna form and/or antenna shape. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution corresponding to the half wavelength mode (half wavelength mode, HWM, also known as half wavelength mode or half mode) of the dipole antenna. The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution corresponding to the one wavelength mode (one wavelength mode, OWM) of the dipole antenna. In other embodiments of the present application, the half wavelength mode and the one wavelength mode can be applicable to other antenna forms, not only for wire antennas, but also for patch antennas. The specific antenna form may be, for example, a planar inverted-Lantenna (PILA), a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), an inverted-F antenna (IFA), an inverted-Lantenna (ILA), a monopole antenna, etc. Moreover, in other embodiments of the present application, the radiator of the antenna may be in any shape/form (e.g., straight strip, bent, linear, sheet, split, integrally formed, etc.), which does not affect the working mode of the antenna.

1. Half-wavelength mode:

As shown in FIG2 , the dipole antenna 101 has a HWM mode, which is characterized by the currents flowing in the same direction on the antenna radiator and having a current strong point. For example, the current amplitude is the largest in the middle of the antenna radiator and the smallest at the two ends.

2. One-time wavelength mode:

As shown in FIG3 , the dipole antenna 101 has an OWM, which is characterized by the currents being in opposite directions on both sides of the antenna radiator (e.g., on both sides of the middle of the radiator), and having two strong current points and three current zero points. For example, the current amplitude is minimum at both ends and the middle of the radiator, and the current amplitude is maximum at the middle position between the two ends and the center of the radiator.

The same/opposite current directions mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the radiator being the same/opposite. For example, the current is in the same/opposite direction as a whole. When stimulating a unidirectional distributed current on a ring-shaped radiator (for example, the current path is also ring-shaped), it should be understood that although the main currents stimulated on the conductors on both sides of the ring-shaped conductor (for example, the conductors surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) are opposite in direction, they still fall within the definition of unidirectional distributed current in the present application.

It can be known from the electromagnetic induction theorem that the current strong point mentioned in the embodiment of the present application can correspond to the electric field zero point, and the current zero point can correspond to the electric field strong point. Strong point and zero point are relative concepts, which are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. They are not the maximum or minimum in the strict sense, nor do they only indicate a certain point, but refer to an area. For example, the area where the amplitude far exceeds the average value can be a strong point, and the area far below the average value can be a zero point, and the maximum/minimum amplitude and the like should be understood accordingly. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the ground terminal usually corresponds to the current strong point (or the electric field zero point); the open end usually corresponds to the electric field strong point (or the current zero point); the current reverse region usually corresponds to the current zero point (or the electric field strong point); the electric field reverse region usually corresponds to the electric field zero point (or the current strong point).

It should be understood that the current distribution diagram shown in each embodiment of the present application only shows the approximate current direction of the antenna structure at a certain moment when the radiator is fed with an electrical signal. The illustrated current distribution is a simplified distribution diagram of the current (for example, the current with a current amplitude exceeding 50%) for ease of understanding. For example, the current distribution on the floor is simplified to the current distribution of a part of the area close to the radiator, and only its general direction is illustrated. It should be noted that the current distribution arrow is only used as a schematic diagram of the current direction, and does not mean that the flow area of the current is limited to the area indicated by the arrow.

4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of current distribution after the antenna radiator provided in the embodiments of the present application is bent.

The two ends of the dipole antenna shown in FIG2 and FIG3 are bent inward to form the shapes shown in FIG4 and FIG5, and the HWM and OWM still exist. At this time, the current generated by the dipole antenna 101 in the HWM is shown in FIG4, and the current is distributed in the same direction around the middle gap, while the current generated by the dipole antenna 101 in the OWM is shown in FIG5, and the current is distributed in the opposite direction around the middle gap, and the characteristics of the current amplitude are the same or similar to those shown in FIG2 and FIG3.

Figures 6 and 7 show two modes of the slot antenna. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a common mode of a slot antenna provided by the present application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a differential mode of another slot antenna provided by the present application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.

1. Common mode (CM) of slot antenna

The slot antenna 60 shown in (a) of FIG. 6 may be formed by a slot or gap 61 being hollowed out in the radiator of the slot antenna, or may be formed by the radiator of the slot antenna and the ground (e.g., the floor, which may be a PCB) enclosing the slot or slot 61. The slot 61 may be formed by making a slot on the floor. An opening 62 is provided on one side of the slot 61, and the opening 62 may be specifically opened in the middle position of the side. The middle position of the side of the slot 61 may be, for example, the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area where the opening 62 is opened on the radiator covers the middle position of the side. The opening 62 may be connected to the feeder, and anti-symmetrical feed may be adopted. It should be understood that anti-symmetrical feed may be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeder being connected to the two ends of the radiator respectively. The signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feeder have the same amplitude and opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

FIG6(b) shows the distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current of the slot antenna 60. As shown in FIG6(b), the current is distributed in the same direction around the slot 61 on the conductor (such as the floor, and/or the radiator 60) around the slot 61, the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61, and the magnetic current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61. As shown in FIG6(b), the electric field at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding position) is in the same direction, and the magnetic current at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding position) is in the same direction. Based on the same direction of the magnetic current at the opening 62 (the feeding position), the feeding shown in FIG6(a) can be called the slot antenna CM feeding. Based on the asymmetric distribution of the current on the radiators on both sides of the opening 62 (for example, the same direction distribution), or based on the same direction distribution of the current on the conductor around the slot 61 around the slot 61, the slot antenna mode shown in FIG6(b) can be called the CM mode of the slot antenna (it can also be simply referred to as the CM mode, for example, for the slot antenna, the CM mode refers to the CM mode of the slot antenna). The distribution of the electric field, current, and magnetic current shown in (b) of FIG6 can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the CM mode of the slot antenna.

The current and electric field of the CM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the slot antenna bodies on both sides of the middle position of the slot antenna 60 as antennas operating in the half-wavelength mode. The magnetic field is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 60. The electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 60.

It should be understood that the CM mode of the slot antenna can be understood as evolving from the half-wavelength mode of the bent dipole antenna shown in Figure 4, and both have the same current intensity point distribution. The only difference in structure between the two is the addition of a ground plane electrically connected to the dipole antenna to form a slot antenna structure.

4. Differential mode (DM) of slot antenna

As shown in (a) of Figure 7, the slot antenna 70 may be formed by having a hollow slot or gap 72 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or may be formed by the radiator of the slot antenna and the ground (for example, the floor, which may be a PCB) enclosing the slot or slot 72. The slot 72 may be formed by making a slot on the floor. The middle position 71 of the slot 72 is connected to the feeder, and symmetrical feed is adopted. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeder is connected to the radiator and the other end is grounded, wherein the connection point (feeding point) between the feeder and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator, and the center of the radiator may be, for example, the midpoint of the collective structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint). The middle position of one side of the slot 72 is connected to the positive pole of the feeder, and the middle position of the other side of the slot 72 is connected to the negative pole of the feeder. The middle position of the side of the slot 72 can be, for example, the middle position of the slot antenna 60/the middle position of the ground, such as the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection between the feed part and the radiator covering the middle position 51 of the side.

(b) in FIG. 7 shows the distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current of the slot antenna 70. As shown in (b) in FIG. 7 , on the conductor (such as the floor, and/or the radiator 60) around the slot 72, the current is distributed around the slot 72, and is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 72, the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 71, and the magnetic current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 71. The magnetic current at the feeder is distributed in opposite directions (not shown). Based on the opposite distribution of the magnetic current at the feeder, the feeding shown in (a) in FIG. 7 can be called slot antenna DM feeding. Based on the symmetrical distribution of the current on both sides of the connection between the feeder and the radiator (for example, opposite distribution), or based on the symmetrical distribution of the current around the gap 71 (for example, opposite distribution), the slot antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG. 7 can be called the DM mode of the slot antenna (it can also be simply referred to as the DM mode, for example, for the slot antenna, the DM mode refers to the DM mode of the slot antenna). The distribution of the electric field, current, and magnetic current shown in (b) of FIG. 7 can be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the DM mode of the slot antenna.

The current and electric field of the DM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the entire slot antenna 70 as an antenna operating in a one-wavelength mode. The current is weak in the middle of the slot antenna 70 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 70. The electric field is strong in the middle of the slot antenna 70 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 70.

It should be understood that the DM mode of the slot antenna can be understood as evolving from the one-wavelength mode of the bent dipole antenna shown in Figure 5, and both have the same current intensity point distribution. The difference in structure between the two is only the addition of a ground plane electrically connected to the dipole antenna to form a slot antenna structure.

It should be understood that the radiator of the slot antenna can be understood as a metal structure that generates radiation (for example, including a part of the floor), which can include an opening, as shown in FIG6, or can be a complete ring, as shown in FIG7, which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the CM mode of the slot antenna, a complete ring radiator can also be used as shown in FIG7, two feeding points are set at the middle position of the radiator on one side of the slot 61, and an anti-symmetric feeding method is adopted. For example, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases are fed into the two ends of the original opening position, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG6 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the DM mode of the slot antenna, a radiator including an opening can also be used as shown in FIG6, and a symmetrical feeding method is adopted at the two ends of the opening position. For example, the same feed source signal is fed into the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG7 can also be obtained.

Figures 8 and 9 are directional diagrams of the slot antenna. Figure 8 is the directional diagram generated by the slot antenna shown in Figure 6 in the CM mode. Figure 9 is the directional diagram generated by the slot antenna shown in Figure 7 in the DM mode.

The maximum radiation direction of the slot antenna in the CM mode is in the z direction, as shown in Figure 8. However, the maximum radiation direction of the slot antenna in the DM mode deviates from the z direction, as shown in Figure 9.

When the resonance generated by the CM mode and the DM mode is used to expand the working bandwidth of the slot antenna, the directivity pattern generated by the slot antenna is alienated within the working frequency band (the maximum radiation direction generated by different frequency points is different). Since each subunit in the (multi-input multi-output, MIMO) antenna system can have a different maximum radiation direction to achieve omnidirectional coverage of the radiation beam (good gain in all directions to improve the communication performance of electronic equipment). Therefore, when the slot antenna is used as a subunit in the MIMO antenna system, the alienation of the directivity pattern within the working frequency band will cause the omnidirectionality of the MIMO antenna system to be poor.

At the same time, due to the characteristics of the CM mode and the DM mode, an efficiency pit will appear in the working frequency band of the slot antenna, resulting in poor system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the slot antenna in some frequency ranges.

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure and an electronic device, wherein a gap is provided on the floor of the antenna structure, and the gap is used to enable the antenna structure to have at least two different current paths when generating radiation. Correspondingly, the antenna structure can generate at least two different resonances, so that the antenna structure has good radiation characteristics.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 10 , the antenna structure 200 includes a first radiator 210 , a second radiator 220 , a ground plane 230 , and a first feeding portion 240 .

The first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 are opposite and do not contact each other. The first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 are open ends, and the second end of the first radiator 210 and the second end of the second radiator 220 are grounded ends.

In one embodiment, the relative spacing between the first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. It should be understood that the relative spacing between the first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 can be understood as the width of the gap formed between the first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220.

The floor 230 is a metal layer, and includes a first grounding position 231, a second grounding position 232, and a first gap 252. A first gap is formed between the floor 230 and the first radiator 210, and a second gap is formed between the floor 230 and the second radiator 220. The edge of the floor 230 between the first grounding position 231 and the second grounding position 232 also includes a third grounding position 233. The first grounding position 231 is coupled to the second end of the first radiator 210 to achieve grounding of the second end of the first radiator 210. The second grounding position 232 is coupled to the second end of the second radiator 220 to achieve grounding of the second end of the second radiator 220. The first gap 252 extends from the edge of the floor 230 to the inside of the floor 230, and at least a portion of the first gap 252 is between the first grounding position 231 and the second grounding position 232.

It should be understood that, in order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution provided in the present application, the connection position between the first gap 252 and the edge of the floor 230 can be considered as the third grounding position 233, and the third grounding position 233 is a virtual position.

A first end of the first feeding portion 240 is coupled to the floor 230 at a first side of the first slot 252 , and a second end of the first feeding portion 240 is coupled to the floor 230 at a second side of the first slot 252 .

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, in the embodiments of the present application, the coupling connection is only illustrated by taking electrical connection as an example. In actual production or design, it can also be achieved through indirect coupling.

It should be understood that in the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, the floor 230 opens a first slot 252 between two grounding positions of the radiator of the antenna structure 200, and the first feeding portion 240 couples with the floor on both sides of the first slot 252 to feed an electrical signal into the antenna structure 200. The antenna structure 200 can generate a first resonance and a second resonance, the frequency of the first resonance is lower than the frequency of the second resonance, and the first resonance and the second resonance can be used to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna structure 200.

In one embodiment, the antenna structure 200 further includes an electronic component 251. The electronic component 251 is coupled between the first end of the first feeding portion 240 and the floor on the first side of the first slot 252. The first end of the first feeding portion 240 is coupled to the floor on the first side of the first slot 252 through the first end of the electronic component 251, and the second end of the electronic component 251 is coupled to the floor on the second side of the first slot 252.

It should be understood that when the first feeding portion 240 feeds an electrical signal, two different current paths may be provided due to the current selection characteristics (high-pass characteristics) of the electronic component 251. In the first current path, the electronic component 251 is in an open circuit state, and the current flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position 231 and the second grounding position 232 and the floor around the first gap 252. In the second current path, the electronic component 251 is in a short circuit state, and the current flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position 231 and the second grounding position 232 and the electronic component 251.

Two different current paths correspond to the above two different resonances. The first current path may correspond to the first resonance, and the second current path may correspond to the second resonance. The electronic component 251 may be equivalent to different electrical connection states in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance (for example, the electronic component 251 may be equivalent to an open circuit at the resonance point of the first resonance, and the electronic component 251 may be equivalent to a short circuit at the resonance point of the second resonance).

In one embodiment, when the first feeding portion 240 is coupled to the floor panels on the first and second sides of the first slot 252 through a coaxial cable, the core of the coaxial cable is coupled to the floor panel 230 on the first side of the first slot 252 , and the outer sheath of the coaxial cable is coupled to the floor panel 230 on the second side of the first slot 252 .

In one embodiment, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor 230 on both sides of the third position 233 (first gap 252) are in the same direction. At the resonance point of the second resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor 230 on both sides of the third position 233 (first gap 252) are in the same direction.

It should be understood that the first gap 252 formed on the floor 230 has little effect on the current distribution and the electric field distribution on the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220. At the resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the second resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor 230 on both sides of the third position 233 are in the same direction. Since the current distribution and the electric field distribution on the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 are unchanged, the first mode generating the first resonance and the second mode generating the second resonance both maintain the characteristics of the CM mode described in the above embodiment.

Since the first mode and the second mode are both CM modes, the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern corresponding to the first resonance is substantially the same as the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern corresponding to the second resonance, and there will be no directional pattern alienation, which facilitates application in a MIMO antenna system.

At the same time, since the first mode and the second mode are both CM modes, no efficiency pit will be generated in the working frequency band formed by the first resonance and the second resonance, so that the antenna structure 200 can have good radiation efficiency and system efficiency.

In one embodiment, the physical length of the first gap 252 between the edge of the floor (third position 233 ) and the connection position between the first feeding portion 240 and the floor power 230 is less than half of the physical length L1 of the first gap 252 .

It should be understood that due to engineering processing errors, when the feeding position of the first feed portion 240 is located in the upper half of the first slot 252, the antenna structure 200 can have good radiation efficiency and system efficiency. For the sake of simplicity, the embodiment of the present application only takes the first feed portion 240 electrically connected to the floor on both sides of the third position 233 as an example for explanation. In one embodiment, the electrical length D1 of the first slot 252 can be in the range of (one quarter of the first wavelength D0 ± 10%), and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonance. In one embodiment, due to engineering processing errors, the electrical length D1 of the first slot 252 and the first wavelength D0 can satisfy: D0×20%≤D1≤D0×30%.

It should be understood that the first wavelength may be a vacuum wavelength. Since there is a certain conversion relationship between the vacuum wavelength and the medium wavelength, the corresponding medium wavelength may be obtained by calculation.

When the electrical length of the first slot 252 is approximately one-quarter of the first wavelength, in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, when the current is transmitted from the first side of the first slot 252 (third position 233) to the second side via the floor surrounding the first slot 252, the electrical length of the current path is approximately one-half of the first wavelength. After the current passes through the electrical length of one-half wavelength, its phase changes by 360°, so that the currents on the floor 230 on both sides of the third position 233 are in the same direction.

In one embodiment, the electrical length D1 of the first slot 252 and the first wavelength D0 may satisfy: D1≤D0×25%×N, where N is a positive integer.

It should be understood that when the electrical length D1 of the first slot 252 is approximately N times of one quarter of the first wavelength D0, correspondingly, in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, when the current is transmitted from the first side of the first slot 252 (third position 233) to the second side via the floor around the first slot 252, the electrical length of the current path is approximately N times of one half of the first wavelength. After the current passes through an electrical length of N times of one half of the wavelength, its phase changes to N times of 360°, and the currents on the floor 230 on both sides of the third position 233 can also be in the same direction.

In one embodiment, the physical length L1 of the first slot 252 , the physical length L2 of the first radiator 210 , and the physical length L3 of the second radiator 220 may satisfy: (L2+L3)×25%≤L1≤(L2+L3)×100%.

In one embodiment, the first gap 252 may also be in a straight line shape, a broken line shape, an arc shape, a T shape, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

It should be understood that when the first slit 252 is of the above-mentioned different shapes, its physical length can be understood as the sum of the physical lengths of the parts of the first slit 252 extending in different directions.

In one embodiment, the physical length of the edge (outline) of the first slit 252 is greater than or equal to (L2+L3)×50% and less than or equal to (L2+L3)×200%.

It should be understood that the physical length of the edge (outline) of the first slit 252 can be understood as the physical length of the path when the current is transmitted along the floor around the first slit 252.

In one embodiment, the width of the first slit 252 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. It should be understood that the width of the first slit 252 may be different at different locations, and the width of the first slit 252 being greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm can be understood as the width of the widest part of the first slit 252 being less than or equal to 5 mm, and the width of the narrowest part being greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

It should be understood that the physical length and width of the first slit 252 are related to the electrical length of the first slit 252 , and the physical length and width of the first slit 252 can be determined according to actual production or design.

In one embodiment, the electronic component 251 may include a capacitor, or be equivalent to a capacitor. In one embodiment, the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component 251 may be greater than or equal to 0.3 pF and less than or equal to 3 pF.

It should be understood that the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component 251 can be determined according to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200. In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 includes at least part of the low frequency band (low band, LB) (698MHz-960MHz), and the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component 251 can be greater than or equal to 0.3pF, and less than or equal to 3pF. In one embodiment, the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 includes at least part of the middle frequency band (middle band, MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz) or the high frequency band (high band, HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz), and the capacitance value (or equivalent capacitance value) of the electronic component 251 can be greater than or equal to 0.3pF, and less than or equal to 2pF.

In one embodiment, the electronic component 251 may include an inductor, or be equivalent to an inductor.

It should be understood that the inductance value (or equivalent inductance value) of the electronic component 251 can be determined according to the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 .

In one embodiment, the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is within a threshold value, so that the first resonance and the second resonance form a working frequency band together. It should be understood that the first resonance and the second resonance form a working frequency band together, which can be understood as that, in the S parameter diagram, the maximum value of the S11 curve between the resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the second resonance is less than a preset value (e.g., -4dB).

It should be understood that the above threshold value can be determined according to the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200. In one embodiment, the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 includes at least part of the frequency band in LB (698MHz-960MHz), and the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is greater than or equal to 100MHz, and less than or equal to 300MHz. In one embodiment, the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 includes at least part of the frequency band in the middle band (MB) (1710MHz-2170MHz), and the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is greater than or equal to 150MHz, and less than or equal to 800MHz. In one embodiment, the working frequency band of the antenna structure 200 includes at least part of the frequency band in the high band (HB) (2300MHz-2690MHz), and the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is greater than or equal to 200MHz, and less than or equal to 1000MHz.

In one embodiment, the physical length L2 of the first radiator 210 and the physical length L3 of the second radiator 220 may satisfy: L2×70%≤L3≤L2×130%.

In one embodiment, the sum of the electrical length D2 of the first radiator 210 and the electrical length D3 of the second radiator 220 is within the range of (half of the first wavelength ±10%).

In one embodiment, the electrical length D2 of the first radiator 210 and the electrical length D3 of the second radiator 220 may satisfy: D2×70%≤D3≤D2×130%.

In one embodiment, the physical length L2 of the first radiator 210 and the physical length L3 of the second radiator 220 may satisfy: L2×90%≤L3≤L2×110%.

In one embodiment, the electrical length D2 of the first radiator 210 and the electrical length D3 of the second radiator 220 may satisfy: D2×90%≤D3≤D2×110%.

It should be understood that the electrical length of the first radiator 210 and the electrical length of the second radiator 220 should be substantially the same, so that the difference between the frequency of the resonance point of the second resonance and the frequency of the resonance point of the first resonance is within a threshold, and the first resonance and the second resonance can jointly form an operating frequency band to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure 200. In one embodiment, the physical length of the first radiator 210 and the physical length of the second radiator 220 should be substantially the same.

In one embodiment, the physical length L2 of the first radiator 210 is the same as the physical length L3 of the second radiator 220. In one embodiment, a gap is formed between the first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220, and the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 are symmetrical along a virtual axis of the gap, the virtual axis is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 220, and the widths of the gaps on both sides of the symmetry axis are the same.

In one embodiment, the electrical length D2 of the first radiator 210 and the electrical length D3 of the second radiator 220 are substantially the same, both being within the range of (a quarter of the first wavelength ±10%).

It should be understood that the antenna structure 200 may have better radiation characteristics as the symmetry of the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 increases. For example, the better the symmetry of the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220, the higher the proportion of the CM mode in the first resonance and the second resonance, the lower the proportion of the DM mode, and the higher the radiation efficiency and system efficiency in the working frequency band.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in Fig. 11, the antenna structure 300 is different from the antenna structure 200 shown in Fig. 10 only in that no gap is provided on the floor, and the feeding part of the antenna structure 300 is electrically connected between the first end and the second end of the first radiator. The characteristic impedance of the feeding part of the antenna structure 300 is 1500 ohms, so that the antenna structure 300 is only excited by the feeding part to generate resonance generated by the CM mode.

FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 are simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. FIG. 12 is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a Smith chart of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. FIG. 14 is a diagram of the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.

It should be understood that the characteristic impedance of the first feeder of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 is 50 ohms, and the first feeder is electrically connected between the floors on both sides of the third position.

As shown in FIG. 12 , the antenna structure 200 can resonate near 1.6 GHz (first resonance) and near 1.9 GHz (second resonance). However, the antenna structure 300 can only resonate near 1.8 GHz. With S11<-4 dB as the limit, the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure 200 is greater than 700 MHz, which is much greater than the operating bandwidth of the antenna structure 300.

As shown in FIG. 13 , between 1 GHz and 2.6 GHz, the antenna structure 200 can generate two resonances (the impedance curve has a crossover), while the antenna structure 300 can only generate one resonance.

As shown in FIG. 14 , within the operating frequency band of the antenna structure 200 , the system efficiency does not have an efficiency pit, and the system efficiency is greater than −4 dB.

15 to 18 are schematic diagrams of current and electric field distribution of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 15 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (e.g., 1.6 GHz). FIG. 16 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a second resonance (e.g., 1.9 GHz). FIG. 17 is an electric field distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (e.g., 1.6 GHz). FIG. 18 is an electric field distribution diagram of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a second resonance (e.g., 1.9 GHz).

As shown in FIG. 15 , the current path of the antenna structure 200 at the first resonance (the first current path in the above embodiment) is shown. In this current path, the electronic component can be equivalent to a break, and the third position is in a break state, and the current flows through the floor around the first gap.

As shown in FIG. 16 , the current path of the antenna structure 200 at the second resonance (the second current path in the above embodiment) is shown. In this current path, the electronic component can be equivalent to a short circuit, the third position is in a short circuit state, and the current flows through the third position.

As shown in Figures 15 to 18, the first gap in the floor has little effect on the current distribution and electric field distribution on the first radiator and the second radiator. In addition, the current distribution and electric field distribution of the antenna structure at the first resonance and the second resonance both maintain the characteristics of the CM mode described in the above embodiment.

19 and 20 are directional diagrams of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 at a first resonance (eg, 1.6 GHz) and a second resonance (eg, 1.9 GHz).

As shown in Figures 19 and 20, since the first mode and the second mode are both CM modes, the maximum radiation direction of the directivity pattern corresponding to the first resonance is roughly the same as the maximum radiation direction of the directivity pattern corresponding to the second resonance, both have strong gains in the z direction, and no directivity pattern alienation occurs.

21 to 23 are schematic diagrams of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

It should be understood that the antenna structure 200 shown in FIGS. 21 to 23 is different from the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 10 only in the shape of the first slit opened at the third position of the floor.

As shown in Figure 21, the first slit is L-shaped. In one embodiment, the first slit may also be in a zigzag shape.

As shown in Fig. 22, the first slot is T-shaped. The electrical length of the first slot shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 21 is within the range of (a quarter of the first wavelength ± 10%), and the electrical length of the first slot shown in Fig. 22 is within the range of (a half of the first wavelength ± 10%).

The first gap shown in FIG. 23 differs from the first gap shown in FIG. 22 only in that the width of the first gap is different, and the electrical length of the first gap shown in FIG. 23 is substantially the same as that of the first gap shown in FIG. 22 .

Figures 24 to 27 are simulation results of the antenna structures shown in Figures 10 and 21 to 23. Figure 24 is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structures shown in Figures 10 and 21 to 23. Figure 25 is a Smith chart of the antenna structures shown in Figures 10 and 21 to 23. Figure 26 is a diagram of the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structures shown in Figures 10 and 21 to 23. Figure 27 is a diagram of the simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna structures shown in Figures 10 and 21 to 23.

As shown in FIG24, the antenna structures shown in FIG10 and FIG21 to FIG23 can all generate the first resonance and the second resonance. With S11<-4dB as the limit, the antenna structures all have a wide operating bandwidth. The resonance point of the first resonance and the resonance point of the second resonance can be offset by adjusting the electrical length or shape of the first slot.

As shown in FIG. 25 , between 1 GHz and 2.6 GHz, the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 can generate two resonances (the impedance curves have intersections).

As shown in FIG. 26 , within the operating frequency band of the antenna structures shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 , the system efficiency does not have an efficiency pit, and the system efficiency is greater than -4 dB.

As shown in FIG. 27 , within the operating frequency band of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 , there is no efficiency pit in the radiation efficiency, and the radiation efficiency is greater than -3 dB.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

It should be understood that the antenna structure 200 provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 .

As shown in FIG28 , the electronic device 10 further includes a frame 11, and the frame 11 includes a conductive portion. In one embodiment, the frame 11 includes at least two conductive portions and at least one non-conductive portion, and the conductive portions are connected by the non-conductive portions. In one embodiment, the non-conductive portion of the frame 11 is a non-conductive gap, and the conductive portions are connected by filling with insulating material to form a complete frame 11.

The frame 11 has a first position 201 , a second gap 202 and a second position 203 , and the second gap 202 is located between the first position 201 and the second position 203 .

The first radiator 210 includes at least a portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second gap 202, and the second radiator 220 includes at least a portion of the frame 11 between the second gap 202 and the second position 203. The first end of the first radiator 210 and the first end of the second radiator 220 are open ends.

In one embodiment, a first gap is formed between the edge of the floor 230 and the first radiator 210 , and a second gap is formed between the edge of the floor 230 and the second radiator 220 .

In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 includes a first side 204 and a second side 205 intersecting at an angle. In one embodiment, the first position 201, the second gap 202, and the second position 203 may all be located on the first side 204. In one embodiment, at least one of the first position 201, the second gap 202, and the second position 203 may all be located on the second side 205.

In one embodiment, the clearance of the antenna structure 200 is less than 1 mm. In one embodiment, the clearance of the antenna structure 200 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.7 mm.

It should be understood that the clearance of the antenna structure 200 in the electronic device 10 may be understood as the shortest distance between the radiator (eg, the first radiator or the second radiator) of the antenna structure 200 and the floor 230 .

In one embodiment, the electronic device 10 may further include a PCB, and the PCB may include the floor in the antenna structure described in the above embodiment. In one embodiment, the floor layer (metal layer) in the PCB may serve as the floor in the antenna structure described in the above embodiment. The first gap may be formed by hollowing out the floor layer.

FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 29 , the antenna structure 200 may further include a third radiator 310 and a second feeder 320 , and the second feeder 320 is different from the first feeder 240 .

It should be understood that the second feeding portion 320 is different from the first feeding portion 240 in that the second feeding portion 320 and the first feeding portion 240 are different radio frequency channels in a radio frequency chip (RF IC).

The first end of the third radiator 310 and the second end of the third radiator 320 are open ends.

The central area of the third radiator 310 includes a feeding point 311 , and the second feeding portion 320 is coupled to the feeding point 311 .

It should be understood that the central area of the third radiator 310 can be understood as an area formed by points within 5 mm from the geometric center of the third radiator 310. The antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 29 differs from the antenna structure 200 described in the above embodiment only in that it includes a third radiator 310 and a second feeder 320.

In the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 29 , the first radiator 210, the second radiator 220 and the first feeder 240 may form a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit may operate in the CM mode of the slot antenna. The third radiator 310 and the second feeder 320 may form a second antenna unit, and the second antenna unit may operate in the CM mode of the wire antenna. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are orthogonal (the product of the electric field in the far field is zero (integral orthogonal)), the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have good isolation.

In one embodiment, the frequency of the electrical signal fed into the first feeder 240 is the same as the frequency of the electrical signal fed into the second feeder 320 .

In one embodiment, the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance. The third radiator 320 is used to generate a third resonance. The resonant frequency band formed by the first resonance and the second resonance includes the first frequency band. The resonant frequency band formed by the third resonance also includes the first frequency band. When the antenna structure 200 is applied to an electronic device, the operating frequency band of the electronic device may include the first frequency band.

It should be understood that the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit include the same communication frequency band, which can be applied to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system so that the electronic device has good communication performance in this frequency band.

In one embodiment, the distance between the third radiator 310 and the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 210 is less than or equal to 10 mm, so that the layout of the radiators of the antenna structure 200 is compact and occupies less space.

It should be understood that the distance between the third radiator 310 and the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 210 may be understood as the minimum value of the distance between any point on the third radiator 310 and any point on the first radiator 210 or the second radiator 210 .

In one embodiment, the length L4 of the third radiator 310 along the first direction and the distance L5 between the first grounding position and the second grounding position along the first direction satisfy: L4×90%≤L5≤L4×110%. It should be understood that the first direction is the extension direction of the length of the first radiator 210, for example, the x direction.

It should be understood that when the length of the third radiator 310 in the first direction is approximately the same as the length of the area where the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 210 are located in the first direction, the radiator of the antenna structure 200 occupies the smallest space, which is more convenient for layout in electronic devices with compact space.

In one embodiment, the electronic device may further include a bracket, and at least a portion of the third radiator 310 may be located on a surface of the bracket of the electronic device.

In one embodiment, the electronic device may further include a back cover, and at least a portion of the third radiator 310 may be located on a surface of the back cover of the electronic device.

It should be understood that when the first radiator 210 and the second radiator 220 include conductive parts of the frame of the electronic device, the third radiator 310 can be set on the surface of the component adjacent to the frame. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the position of the third radiator 310 and can be set according to the actual layout in the electronic device.

30 and 31 are schematic layout diagrams of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG. 29 .

It should be understood that the difference between FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 is only that the antenna structure 200 is disposed at a different position on the floor 230 .

The radiator of the antenna structure 200 is arranged along the first side 301 of the floor 230. The radiator of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG30 is arranged in the area where the center of the first side 301 is located, and the radiator of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG31 is arranged in an area deviated from the center of the first side 301. The radiator of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG31 is offset to one side by 25 mm compared with the radiator of the antenna structure 200 shown in FIG30.

FIG32 to FIG35 are simulation results of the antenna structures shown in FIG30 and FIG31. FIG32 is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG30. FIG33 is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna structure shown in FIG31. FIG34 is a diagram of the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG30. FIG35 is a diagram of the simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIG31.

As shown in FIG. 32 , in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 30 , the first antenna unit ( S11 ) can generate two resonances near 1.7 GHz and near 2.2 GHz, and the second antenna unit ( S22 ) can generate resonance near 2 GHz.

Since the first antenna unit operates in the CM mode of the slot antenna and the second antenna unit operates in the CM mode of the line antenna, the electric fields generated by the two antenna units are orthogonal in the far field. In the S parameter simulation results shown in Figure 32, the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is greater than 40dB (S12/S21<-40dB).

As shown in FIG. 33 , in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 31 , the first antenna unit ( S11 ) can generate two resonances near 1.7 GHz and near 2.2 GHz, and the second antenna unit ( S22 ) can generate resonance near 2 GHz.

Compared with the antenna structure shown in Figure 30, the antenna structure shown in Figure 31 deviates from the center of the first side of the floor, and the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit decreases, which is only greater than 20dB (S12/S21<-20dB), but it can still meet the isolation requirements between each sub-unit in the MIMO antenna system.

As shown in FIG. 34 , in the antenna structure shown in FIG. 30 , both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have good system efficiency, and in the corresponding resonant frequency band (with S11<-4dB as the limit), the system efficiency is greater than -4dB.

As shown in Figure 35, in the antenna structure shown in Figure 31, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit both have good system efficiency. In the corresponding resonant frequency band (with S11<-4dB as the limit), the system efficiency is roughly the same as that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 30.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical or other forms.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (20)

1. An antenna structure, comprising: A first radiator and a second radiator, wherein a first end of the first radiator and a first end of the second radiator are opposite to each other and do not contact each other, and the first end of the first radiator and the first end of the second radiator are open ends; A floor, the floor comprising a first grounding position, a second grounding position and a first gap, the first gap is formed between the floor and the first radiator, the second gap is formed between the floor and the second radiator, the first grounding position is coupled to the second end of the first radiator, the second grounding position is coupled to the second end of the second radiator, the first gap extends from an edge of the floor toward the inside of the floor, and at least a portion of the first gap is between the first grounding position and the second grounding position; A first feeding portion, wherein a first end of the first feeding portion is coupled to a floor at a first side of the first slot, and a second end of the first feeding portion is coupled to a floor at a second side of the first slot. 2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna structure also includes an electronic component; The first end of the first feeding portion is coupled to the ground at a first side of the first slot through the first end of the electronic component, and the second end of the electronic component is coupled to the ground at a second side of the first slot. 3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electronic component includes a capacitor, and an equivalent capacitance value of the electronic component is greater than or equal to 0.3 pF and less than or equal to 3 pF. 4. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a physical length of a first gap between an edge of the floor and a position where the first feeder and the floor are electrically connected is less than half of a physical length L1 of the first gap. 5. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The electrical length of the first slot is within the range of (a quarter of a first wavelength ±10%), and the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the first resonance. 6. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The sum of the electrical length of the first radiator and the electrical length of the second radiator is within the range of (half of the first wavelength±10%), and the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the first resonance. 7. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The first gap is in a straight line shape, a broken line shape, an arc shape or a T shape. 8. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The physical length L1 of the first gap, the physical length L2 of the first radiator, and the physical length L3 of the second radiator satisfy: (L2+L3)×25%≤L1≤(L2+L3)×100%. 9. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The physical length L2 of the first radiator and the physical length L3 of the second radiator satisfy: L2×70%≤L3≤L2×130%. 10. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, wherein a frequency of the first resonance is lower than a frequency of the second resonance; At the resonance point of the first resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor on both sides of the first gap are in the same direction; At the resonance point of the second resonance, the currents on the edges of the floor on both sides of the first gap are in the same direction. 11. The antenna structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current between the first grounding position and the second grounding position flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position and the second grounding position and the floor on both sides of the first gap; At the resonance point of the second resonance, the current between the first grounding position and the second grounding position flows through the edge of the floor between the first grounding position and the second grounding position and the electronic component. 12. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The antenna structure further includes a third radiator and a second feeder, wherein the second feeder is different from the first feeder; Wherein, the first end of the third radiator and the second end of the third radiator are open ends; The central area of the third radiator includes a feeding point, and the second feeding portion is coupled to the feeding point. 13. The antenna structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The distance between the third radiator and the first radiator or the second radiator is less than or equal to 10 mm. 14. The antenna structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: A length L4 of the third radiator along the first direction and a distance L5 between the first grounding position and the second grounding position along the first direction satisfy: L4×90%≤L5≤L4×110%, and the first direction is an extension direction of the length of the first radiator. 15. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The frequency of the electrical signal fed by the first feeder is at least partially the same as the frequency of the electrical signal fed by the second feeder. 16. An electronic device, comprising: the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15; The electronic device further comprises a frame and a printed circuit board PCB, wherein the frame comprises a conductive part; The frame has a first position, a second position, and a second gap, the second gap is located between the first position and the second position, the first radiator of the antenna structure includes at least a portion of the frame between the first position and the second gap, and the second radiator of the antenna structure includes at least a portion of the frame between the second gap and the second position; The PCB includes a ground plane of the antenna structure. 17. The electronic device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The electronic device further comprises a bracket, and at least a portion of the third radiator of the antenna structure is located on a surface of the bracket. 18. The electronic device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The electronic device further comprises a back cover, and at least a portion of the third radiator of the antenna structure is located on a surface of the back cover. 19. The electronic device according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that a distance between a projection of the first radiator on the plane where the floor is located or a distance between the projection of the second radiator on the plane where the floor is located and the floor is less than 1 mm. 20. The electronic device according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that: The first radiator and the second radiator are used to generate a first resonance and a second resonance, and the resonance frequency band formed by the first resonance and the second resonance includes a first frequency band; The third radiator is used to generate a third resonance, and the resonance frequency band formed by the third resonance includes the first frequency band; The operating frequency band of the electronic device includes the first frequency band.