CN118695368B - Novel wireless local area network-oriented transmission power control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种面向新型无线局域网的发送功率控制方法，包括以下步骤：S1.信道信息收集；使得中心节点持续记录其在超帧内与所有叶子节点的信道增益信息；S2.信道增益预测；基于每次超帧结束后更新的各个节点与中心节点的信道增益信息，中心节点持续更新计算超帧范围内所有叶子节点的时间自相关系数；S3.发送功率优化；动态调整每个叶子节点在其独占上传时隙的无线发送功率，在信道深度衰落时，通过提升无线发送功率来降低报文丢失率；在信道质量较高时，通过降低发送功率减少叶子节点的能量消耗。通过挖掘无线信道的相关性，动态控制节点的无线发送功率，实现新型无线局域网在传输可靠性和网络续航寿命之间更好的平衡。
The present invention discloses a transmission power control method for a new wireless local area network, comprising the following steps: S1. Channel information collection; enabling a central node to continuously record its channel gain information with all leaf nodes within a superframe; S2. Channel gain prediction; based on the channel gain information of each node and the central node updated after each superframe, the central node continuously updates and calculates the time autocorrelation coefficients of all leaf nodes within the superframe; S3. Transmission power optimization; dynamically adjust the wireless transmission power of each leaf node in its exclusive upload time slot, and when the channel is deeply attenuated, reduce the message loss rate by increasing the wireless transmission power; when the channel quality is high, reduce the energy consumption of the leaf node by reducing the transmission power. By mining the correlation of wireless channels and dynamically controlling the wireless transmission power of nodes, a better balance between transmission reliability and network endurance of the new wireless local area network can be achieved.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及计算机网络及通信技术领域，尤其是一种面向新型无线局域网的发送功率控制方法。The invention relates to the technical field of computer network and communication, and in particular to a transmission power control method for a novel wireless local area network.
背景技术Background Art
近年来，由于MEMS（Micro Electro Mechanical Systems）制造技术及射频器件小型化的持续改进革新，以无线传感器网络、无线体域网、高拟真动作追踪网络及单兵战场作战网络等为代表的一批新型无线局域网络技术发展迅速。新型无线局域网往往面临着复杂多变的部署环境、无线节点数量较多且位置多变，无线节点的传输功耗受限、无线网络整体续航要求高、多维度QoS需求等方面的挑战。In recent years, due to the continuous improvement and innovation of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) manufacturing technology and the miniaturization of RF devices, a number of new wireless local area network technologies represented by wireless sensor networks, wireless body area networks, high-fidelity motion tracking networks and single-soldier battlefield combat networks have developed rapidly. New wireless local area networks often face challenges such as complex and changing deployment environments, a large number of wireless nodes with changing locations, limited transmission power consumption of wireless nodes, high overall wireless network endurance requirements, and multi-dimensional QoS requirements.
现有技术中无线局域网在传输可靠性和网络续航寿命之间难以实现平衡。In the prior art, it is difficult to achieve a balance between transmission reliability and network lifespan in wireless local area networks.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种无线节点发送功率控制方法，通过挖掘无线信道的相关性，动态控制节点的无线发送功率，实现新型无线局域网在传输可靠性和网络续航寿命之间更好的平衡。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the transmission power of a wireless node, which dynamically controls the wireless transmission power of the node by exploiting the correlation of the wireless channel, so as to achieve a better balance between transmission reliability and network endurance of the new wireless local area network.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种面向新型无线局域网的发送功率控制方法，局域网内包含中心节点和叶子节点，叶子节点用于数据采集并将其上传到中心节点；中心节点用于收集叶子节点的数据，统筹通信信道资源；所述方法包括以下步骤：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transmission power control method for a new wireless local area network, wherein the local area network includes a central node and leaf nodes, the leaf nodes are used for data collection and uploading to the central node; the central node is used to collect data from the leaf nodes and coordinate communication channel resources; the method comprises the following steps:
S1.信道信息收集；使得中心节点持续记录其在超帧内与所有叶子节点的信道增益信息；S1. Channel information collection; the central node continuously records the channel gain information between it and all leaf nodes in the superframe;
S2.信道增益预测；基于每次超帧结束后更新的各个节点与中心节点的信道增益信息，中心节点持续更新计算超帧范围内所有叶子节点的时间自相关系数；S2. Channel gain prediction: Based on the channel gain information of each node and the central node updated after each superframe, the central node continuously updates and calculates the time autocorrelation coefficients of all leaf nodes within the superframe range;
S3.发送功率优化；动态调整每个叶子节点在其独占上传时隙的无线发送功率，在信道深度衰落时，通过提升无线发送功率来降低报文丢失率；在信道质量较高时，通过降低发送功率减少叶子节点的能量消耗。S3. Transmit power optimization: Dynamically adjust the wireless transmit power of each leaf node in its exclusive upload time slot When the channel deeply fades, the message loss rate is reduced by increasing the wireless transmission power; when the channel quality is high, the energy consumption of the leaf node is reduced by reducing the transmission power.
进一步，步骤S1包括：Further, step S1 comprises:
S1.1.将时间资源分割为重复的间隔相同的超帧，每个超帧又被分割为配置广播阶段和管理访问阶段；S1.1. Divide the time resources into repeated superframes with the same interval, and each superframe is divided into a configuration broadcast phase and a management access phase;
S1.2.每个叶子节点在管理访问阶段内被分配一个数据时隙作为其独占上传时隙，叶子节点在该阶段发送其数据报文到中心节点；S1.2. Each leaf node is assigned a data slot during the management access phase As its exclusive upload time slot, the leaf node sends its data message to the central node in this phase;
S1.3.中心节点在超帧配置广播阶段的每个数据时隙都会接收到来自不同叶子节点数据报文，从而获得报文的RSSI值；由于叶子节点的发送功率是中心节点在上个时隙配置的，中心节点因此获取叶子节点的发送功率，中心节点算出其与各个叶子节点间的上行信道增益值；S1.3. Each data slot of the central node during the superframe configuration broadcast phase The central node will receive data packets from different leaf nodes, thereby obtaining the RSSI value of the packet; since the transmission power of the leaf node is configured by the central node in the previous time slot, the central node obtains the transmission power of the leaf node The central node calculates the uplink channel gain between it and each leaf node ;
S1.4.根据网络部署环境和中心节点的存储和计算能力，中心节点记录过去一个时间段个超帧时间内上行信道增益信息，并利用皮尔逊乘积矩相关系数来量化分析信道增益在时间间隔一个超帧的自相关系数；S1.4. Based on the network deployment environment and the storage and computing capabilities of the central node, the central node records the past time period. The uplink channel gain information within a superframe time is obtained, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used to quantify and analyze the autocorrelation coefficient of the channel gain within a superframe time interval;
S1.5.每个超帧最后一个数据时隙后，中心节点更新本地的信道增益数据集，并同步计算更新每个上行信道的均值、标准差及自相关系数，用于信道增益预测及发送功率调整。S1.5. After the last data time slot of each superframe, the central node updates the local channel gain data set and synchronously calculates and updates the mean, standard deviation and autocorrelation coefficient of each uplink channel for channel gain prediction and transmit power adjustment.
进一步，步骤S1.4中，利用皮尔逊乘积矩相关系数来量化分析信道增益在时间间隔一个超帧的自相关系数，公式如下：Further, in step S1.4, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used to quantify and analyze the autocorrelation coefficient of the channel gain in the time interval of one superframe, and the formula is as follows:
其中是个信道增益值的统计均值。in yes Channel gain value The statistical mean of .
进一步，步骤S2包括：Further, step S2 comprises:
S2.1.将中心节点与叶子节点之间的信道增益用高斯随机变量（r.v.）来描述：S2.1. The channel gain between the central node and the leaf node is described by a Gaussian random variable (r.v.):
其中和分别是信道增益的平均值和标准差，和值受到无线网络部署环境及节点拓扑等因数影响；in and are the mean and standard deviation of the channel gain, and The value is affected by factors such as the wireless network deployment environment and node topology;
S2.2.中心节点和叶子节点之间的信道增益和在一定的时间范围内保持不变，这段时间内的信道增益符合相同的概率分布描述：S2.2. Channel gain between the central node and the leaf node and It remains unchanged within a certain time range, and the channel gain during this period conforms to the same probability distribution description:
其中，和分别是时刻和的信道增益；in, and Separate moments and The channel gain of
S2.3.在不同时刻记录的两个信道增益的联合概率分布可以表示为： S2.3. The joint probability distribution of two channel gains recorded at different times can be expressed as:
其中表示time lag为时的自相关系数；此外，的条件概率分布可以推导为：in Indicates that the time lag is The autocorrelation coefficient when ; In addition, The conditional probability distribution of can be derived as:
叶子节点的上行信道增益在超帧S中记为，在下一个超帧，该上行信道的信道增益记为；采用其数学期望，作为下一个超帧中上行信道增益的预测值期；Leaf Node The uplink channel gain in superframe S is denoted as , in the next superframe , the channel gain of the uplink channel is recorded as ; Using its mathematical expectation , as the next superframe The predicted value period of the uplink channel gain;
S2.4.预测值计算公式中，中心节点端需要以下参数：，和；为前一个超帧中的该上行信道增益值，为时间间隔为一个超帧时长的自相关系数，可以通过中心节点中记录的历史信道增益均值估算；标准差也可以通过历史信道增益标准差估算；因此可以将该信道增益预测值记为。S2.4. Prediction value calculation formula , the central node requires the following parameters: , and ; is the uplink channel gain value in the previous superframe, is the autocorrelation coefficient with a time interval of one superframe, The historical channel gain average recorded in the central node can be Estimate; Standard Deviation It can also be obtained by using the historical channel gain standard deviation Estimation; therefore, the channel gain prediction value can be recorded as .
进一步，步骤S3中，采用作为下个超帧的信道增益预测值。Further, in step S3, using As the channel gain prediction value of the next superframe.
进一步，将信道数据的统计标准差纳入发送功率优化算法输入，动态调整每个叶子节点在其独占上传时隙的无线发送功率。Furthermore, the statistical standard deviation of the channel data is incorporated into the input of the transmit power optimization algorithm to dynamically adjust the wireless transmit power of each leaf node in its exclusive upload time slot. .
进一步，通过增大实现提高数据传输可靠性；反之通过减小提升叶子节点续航能力。Furthermore, by increasing To improve the reliability of data transmission; on the contrary, by reducing Improve the endurance of leaf nodes.
进一步，在一个超帧内，叶子节点在无线接收状态、无线发送状态和睡眠状态之间切换。Furthermore, within a superframe, the leaf node switches between the wireless receiving state, the wireless transmitting state and the sleeping state.
进一步，叶子节点在接收来自中心节点广播配置报文时候进入接收状态；在某个叶子节点的独占上传时隙，该叶子节点进入无线发送状态，按指定的发送功率向中心节点发送数据报文；叶子节点在除了配置广播阶段及独占上传时隙的其它超帧时间内，叶子节点进入睡眠状态。Furthermore, the leaf node enters the receiving state when receiving the broadcast configuration message from the central node; in the exclusive upload time slot of a leaf node, the leaf node enters the wireless transmission state and sends data messages to the central node at the specified transmission power; the leaf node enters the sleep state during other superframe times except the configuration broadcast phase and the exclusive upload time slot.
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
本发明通过挖掘无线信道的相关性，动态控制节点的无线发送功率，实现新型无线局域网在传输可靠性和网络续航寿命之间更好的平衡。The present invention achieves a better balance between transmission reliability and network endurance in a novel wireless local area network by mining the correlation of wireless channels and dynamically controlling the wireless transmission power of nodes.
本发明聚焦于通过动态调整叶子节点无线发送功率，在保证一定传输可靠性的同时有效降低叶子节点能量消耗，达到更长的续航寿命。The present invention focuses on dynamically adjusting the wireless transmission power of leaf nodes to effectively reduce the energy consumption of leaf nodes while ensuring a certain transmission reliability, thereby achieving a longer battery life.
本发明中叶子节点须在其上传的数据报文中附带信道信息，并根据广播配置报文调整发送功率，其余所有的控制算法执行和信道信息存储都位于中心节点，有利于提高能耗敏感的叶子节点的续航寿命。In the present invention, the leaf node must include channel information in the data message it uploads and adjust the transmission power according to the broadcast configuration message. All other control algorithm execution and channel information storage are located in the central node, which is beneficial to improving the lifespan of energy-sensitive leaf nodes.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1示出了根据本发明的面向新型无线局域网的发送功率控制方法流程图；FIG1 shows a flow chart of a method for controlling transmission power in a novel wireless local area network according to the present invention;
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的超帧结构图；FIG2 shows a superframe structure diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的动态发送功率控制示意图。FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of dynamic transmit power control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
以下结合图1-图3对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 1 to 3. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.
本发明提供一种面向新型无线局域网的多参数联动自适应传输方法。将无线局域网内的网络节点分为两类：一类为叶子节点，主要数据采集与并上传到中心节点；第二类为中心节点，负责统筹通信信道资源，并收集叶子节点的数据，依据应用场景需求，供后续的算法控制和数据处理。由两类节点组成单跳星型网络拓扑，是在无线体域网、无线传感器网络等新型无线局域网中最为典型的网络拓扑结构。The present invention provides a multi-parameter linkage adaptive transmission method for a new wireless local area network. The network nodes in the wireless local area network are divided into two categories: one is the leaf node, which mainly collects and uploads data to the central node; the second is the central node, which is responsible for coordinating communication channel resources and collecting data from the leaf nodes for subsequent algorithm control and data processing according to application scenario requirements. The single-hop star network topology composed of two types of nodes is the most typical network topology structure in new wireless local area networks such as wireless body area networks and wireless sensor networks.
在一个具体实施例中，包括一个中心节点和n个叶子节点，并将中心节点编号为ID=0；叶子节点编号为ID=1到ID=n。叶子节点作为端节点，核心的任务是将收集到的数据上传给中心节点；叶子节点设计趋向小型化易部署，拥有受限的计算能力、存储资源和能量储备；叶子节点的无线发送功率可在一组候选功率值中调整。In a specific embodiment, there is a central node and n leaf nodes, and the central node is numbered as ID=0; the leaf nodes are numbered from ID=1 to ID=n. As end nodes, the core task of the leaf nodes is to upload the collected data to the central node; the leaf node design tends to be small and easy to deploy, with limited computing power, storage resources and energy reserves; the wireless transmission power of the leaf node can be adjusted in a set of candidate power values.
中心节点的核心任务是收集叶子节点发送的数据，并依据应用场景需求，供后续的算法控制和数据处理；中心节点拥有更强的计算、存储和续航能力，并负责统筹调度所有的信道资源。中心节点通常不受能耗限制，其发送功率水平高于叶子节点；因此，本发明不考虑由于下行信道（从中心节点到叶子节点）质量差造成的数据丢失。在新型无线局域网中，叶子节点通常具有小型化、分散部署及电池供电等特征，因此对无线发送功率和续航寿命有较为严格的限制，本发明聚焦于通过动态调整叶子节点无线发送功率，在保证一定传输可靠性的同时有效降低叶子节点能量消耗，达到更长的续航寿命。The core task of the central node is to collect the data sent by the leaf nodes, and provide it for subsequent algorithm control and data processing according to the application scenario requirements; the central node has stronger computing, storage and endurance capabilities, and is responsible for coordinating and scheduling all channel resources. The central node is usually not limited by energy consumption, and its transmission power level is higher than that of the leaf node; therefore, the present invention does not consider data loss caused by poor quality of the downlink channel (from the central node to the leaf node). In the new wireless LAN, leaf nodes usually have the characteristics of miniaturization, decentralized deployment and battery power supply, so there are strict restrictions on wireless transmission power and battery life. The present invention focuses on dynamically adjusting the wireless transmission power of leaf nodes to effectively reduce the energy consumption of leaf nodes while ensuring a certain transmission reliability, thereby achieving a longer battery life.
叶子节点和中心节点之间的通信只采用单跳传输，不采用中继节点的多跳传输，即无线局域网为单跳星型网络。The communication between leaf nodes and central nodes only uses single-hop transmission, and does not use multi-hop transmission of relay nodes, that is, the wireless LAN is a single-hop star network.
将叶子节点到中心节点的无线信道称为上行信道，中心节点到叶子节点的无线信道称为下行信道；由于中心节点相对不受限的能量资源，可以通过提高无线发送功率保证下行信道上无线数据的成功传输，本发明聚焦于提高上行信道（即叶子节点到中心节点传输链路）的数据传输成功率。The wireless channel from the leaf node to the central node is called the uplink channel, and the wireless channel from the central node to the leaf node is called the downlink channel. Since the central node has relatively unlimited energy resources, the successful transmission of wireless data on the downlink channel can be guaranteed by increasing the wireless transmission power. The present invention focuses on improving the data transmission success rate of the uplink channel (i.e., the transmission link from the leaf node to the central node).
中心节点对无线信道资源的分配基于时分多址时分多址（Time divisionmultiple access：TDMA）的方式，中心节点将时间资源分割为间隔相同的超帧。The central node allocates wireless channel resources based on time division multiple access (TDMA), and the central node divides time resources into superframes with the same interval.
中心节点将时间资源分割为间隔相同的超帧，每个超帧又被分割为配置广播阶段（CBP）和管理访问阶段（MAP）。CBP（）位于超帧以起始段，在该时隙内，各个叶子节点处于接收状态，接收来自中心节点的广播配置报文，该报文内包含本次超帧内所有叶子节点的独占上传时隙调度分配方案和发送功率设置值；MAP由n个相同长度的数据时隙（）组成，n的个数等于当前无线网络中叶子节点总数。The central node divides the time resources into superframes with equal intervals, and each superframe is divided into the configuration broadcast phase (CBP) and the management access phase (MAP). ) is located at the beginning of the superframe. In this time slot, each leaf node is in a receiving state and receives the broadcast configuration message from the central node. The message contains the exclusive upload time slot scheduling allocation plan and the transmission power setting value of all leaf nodes in this superframe. MAP consists of n data time slots of the same length ( ), the number of n is equal to the total number of leaf nodes in the current wireless network.
叶子节点在分配给它的数据时隙（即独占上传时隙）进入发送状态，并发送数据报文到中心节点。独占上传时隙的分配采用静态的时分多址（Time division multipleaccess：TDMA）的方式，即中心节点在建网时为所有节点在MAP中随机分配一个数据时隙，只要不更新网络结构，各个叶子节点的独占上传时隙在MAP中的排列都是固定的。The leaf node enters the sending state in the data time slot assigned to it (i.e., the exclusive upload time slot) and sends the data message to the central node. The allocation of exclusive upload time slots adopts the static time division multiple access (TDMA) method, that is, the central node randomly allocates a data time slot in the MAP for all nodes when the network is built. As long as the network structure is not updated, the arrangement of the exclusive upload time slots of each leaf node in the MAP is fixed.
本发明聚焦于以超帧为调整粒度，动态调整叶子节点的无线发送功率，在保证一定传输可靠性的同时，降低叶子节点能量消耗，达到更长的续航寿命。The present invention focuses on dynamically adjusting the wireless transmission power of leaf nodes based on superframes, thereby reducing the energy consumption of leaf nodes while ensuring a certain transmission reliability, thereby achieving a longer battery life.
如图1所示，根据本发明的面向新型无线局域网的发送功率控制方法包括以下三个主要步骤：As shown in FIG1 , the transmission power control method for a novel wireless local area network according to the present invention includes the following three main steps:
S1.信道信息收集；S1. Channel information collection;
S2.信道增益预测；S2. Channel gain prediction;
S3.发送功率优化。S3. Transmit power optimization.
本发明中叶子节点只需根据广播配置报文的功率调整信息，在其独占上传时隙用对应的发送功率上传其数据报文，其余所有的控制算法执行和信道信息存储都位于中心节点，相对简单的传输行为有利于提高叶子节点的续航寿命。In the present invention, the leaf node only needs to adjust the power information of the broadcast configuration message and upload its data message with the corresponding transmission power in its exclusive upload time slot. All other control algorithm execution and channel information storage are located in the central node. The relatively simple transmission behavior is conducive to improving the battery life of the leaf node.
其中，步骤S1.信道信息收集：收集信道信息的核心目的是让中心节点持续记录其在超帧内与所有叶子节点的信道增益信息。中心节点在超帧MAP阶段的每个数据时隙（）都会接收到来自不同叶子节点数据报文，也就能知道报文的RSSI（）值。由于叶子节点的发送功率是中心节点在上个时隙配置的，因此中心节点知道叶子节点的发送功率，中心节点算出其与各个叶子节点间的上行信道增益值。Among them, step S1. Channel information collection: The core purpose of collecting channel information is to allow the central node to continuously record the channel gain information between it and all leaf nodes in the superframe. The central node records the channel gain information between it and all leaf nodes in the superframe MAP phase in each data time slot ( ) will receive data packets from different leaf nodes, and can also know the RSSI of the packets ( ) value. Since the transmission power of the leaf node is configured by the central node in the previous time slot, the central node knows the transmission power of the leaf node. The central node calculates the uplink channel gain between it and each leaf node .
根据网络部署环境和中心节点的存储和计算能力，中心节点记录过去一个时间段个超帧时间内上行信道增益信息。并利用皮尔逊乘积矩相关系数来量化分析信道增益在时间间隔一个超帧的自相关系数，即：According to the network deployment environment and the storage and computing capabilities of the central node, the central node records the past time period. The uplink channel gain information within a superframe time. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used to quantify the autocorrelation coefficient of the channel gain within a superframe time interval, that is:
其中，是个信道增益值（即）的统计均值。in, yes Channel gain values (i.e. )’s statistical mean.
表示共记录了个等时间间隔有效的信道增益数据，表示该无线信道在时刻的信道增益， 为序列号。 Indicates that a total of Channel gain data valid at equal time intervals, Indicates that the wireless channel is The channel gain at time is the serial number.
具体地，步骤S1包括以下子步骤：Specifically, step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
S1.1.将时间资源分割为重复的间隔相同的超帧，每个超帧又被分割为配置广播阶段（CBP）和管理访问阶段（MAP），如图2所示。CBP阶段位于每个超帧开始阶段，时隙长度为，MAP由个相同长度的数据时隙（）组成，数据时隙个数等于网络中叶子节点总数，即为叶子节点总数。S1.1. Divide the time resources into repeated superframes with the same interval. Each superframe is divided into the configuration broadcast phase (CBP) and the management access phase (MAP), as shown in Figure 2. The CBP phase is located at the beginning of each superframe, and the time slot length is , MAP is composed of data slots of equal length ( ), the number of data time slots is equal to the total number of leaf nodes in the network, that is is the total number of leaf nodes.
S1.2.每个叶子节点都会在管理访问阶段（MAP）内被分配或者一个数据时隙（）作为其独占上传时隙，叶子节点在该阶段发送其数据报文到中心节点。S1.2. Each leaf node is assigned a data slot ( ) as its exclusive upload time slot, the leaf node sends its data message to the central node in this phase.
S1.3.中心节点在超帧MAP阶段的每个数据时隙（）都会接收到来自不同叶子节点数据报文，也就能知道报文的RSSI（）值。由于叶子节点的发送功率是中心节点在上个时隙配置的，因此中心节点知道叶子节点的发送功率，中心节点算出其与各个叶子节点间的上行信道增益值：S1.3. Each data slot of the central node in the superframe MAP phase ( ) will receive data packets from different leaf nodes, and can also know the RSSI of the packets ( ) value. Since the transmission power of the leaf node is configured by the central node in the previous time slot, the central node knows the transmission power of the leaf node. , the central node calculates the uplink channel gain between it and each leaf node:
。 .
S1.4.根据网络部署环境和中心节点的存储和计算能力，中心节点记录过去一个时间段个超帧时间内上行信道增益信息。并利用皮尔逊乘积矩相关系数来量化分析信道增益在时间间隔一个超帧的自相关系数，如下：S1.4. Based on the network deployment environment and the storage and computing capabilities of the central node, the central node records the past time period. The uplink channel gain information within a superframe time. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used to quantify the autocorrelation coefficient of the channel gain within a superframe time interval, as follows:
其中，是个信道增益值（即）的统计均值。in, yes Channel gain values (i.e. )’s statistical mean.
S1.5.每个超帧最后一个数据时隙后，中心节点在更新本地的信道增益数据集，并同步计算更新每个上行信道的均值、标准差及自相关系数，用于信道增益预测及发送功率调整。S1.5. After the last data time slot of each superframe, the central node updates the local channel gain data set and synchronously calculates and updates the mean, standard deviation and autocorrelation coefficient of each uplink channel for channel gain prediction and transmit power adjustment.
步骤S2.信道增益预测：基于每次超帧结束后更新的各个节点与中心节点的信道增益信息，中心节点持续更新计算超帧范围内所有叶子节点的时间自相关系数。本发明采用作为叶子节点i在下一个超帧的信道增值预期，其中表示叶子节点i在序号为S的超帧内记录的信道增益值，为叶子节点i的上行信道增益自相关系数，是叶子节点历史信道增益均值，是叶子节点历史信道增益的标准差。Step S2. Channel gain prediction: Based on the channel gain information of each node and the central node updated after each superframe, the central node continuously updates and calculates the time autocorrelation coefficients of all leaf nodes within the superframe. As the expected channel value of leaf node i in the next superframe ,in represents the channel gain value recorded by leaf node i in the superframe with sequence number S, is the uplink channel gain autocorrelation coefficient of leaf node i, Is a leaf node Historical channel gain mean, Is a leaf node Standard deviation of historical channel gains.
具体地，步骤S2包括以下子步骤：Specifically, step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
S2.1.将中心节点与叶子节点之间的信道增益用高斯随机变量（r.v.）来描述：S2.1. The channel gain between the central node and the leaf node is described by a Gaussian random variable (r.v.):
其中和分别是信道增益的平均值和标准差，和值受到无线网络部署环境及节点拓扑等因数影响。in and are the mean and standard deviation of the channel gain, and The value is affected by factors such as the wireless network deployment environment and node topology.
S2.2.中心节点和叶子节点之间的信道增益和在一定的时间范围内保持不变，这段时间内的信道增益符合相同的概率分布描述：S2.2. Channel gain between the central node and the leaf node and It remains unchanged within a certain time range, and the channel gain during this period conforms to the same probability distribution description:
其中，和分别是时刻和的信道增益。in, and Separate moments and The channel gain.
S2.3.在不同时刻记录的两个信道增益的联合概率分布可以表示为：S2.3. The joint probability distribution of two channel gains recorded at different times can be expressed as:
其中表示time lag为时的自相关系数。此外，的条件概率分布可以推导为：in Indicates that the time lag is In addition, The conditional probability distribution of can be derived as:
若叶子节点的上行信道增益在超帧S中记为，则在下一个超帧，该上行信道的信道增益记为。本发明中采用其数学期望，即，作为下一个超帧中该上行信道增益的预测值期。If the leaf node The uplink channel gain in superframe S is denoted as , then in the next superframe , the channel gain of the uplink channel is recorded as The mathematical expectation is used in the present invention, that is, , as the next superframe The predicted value period of the uplink channel gain.
S2.4.预测值计算公式中，中心节点端需要以下参数：，和；为前一个超帧中的该上行信道增益值，为时间间隔为一个超帧时长的自相关系数，可以通过中心节点中记录的历史信道增益均值（）估算（类似的，标准差也可以通过历史信道增益标准差（）估算）。因此可以将该信道增益预测值记为：S2.4. Prediction value calculation formula , the central node requires the following parameters: , and ; is the uplink channel gain value in the previous superframe, is the autocorrelation coefficient with a time interval of one superframe, The historical channel gain average recorded in the central node can be ) estimate (similarly, the standard deviation It can also be calculated by the historical channel gain standard deviation ( ) estimation). Therefore, the channel gain prediction value can be recorded as:
。 .
步骤S3.发送功率优化：中心节点接收无线报文的功率阈值为，即当时，中心节点无法正确接收叶子节点发送的无线报文。发送功率优化的关键是动态调整每个叶子节点在其独占上传时隙的无线发送功率，在信道深度衰落时，通过提升无线发送功率来降低报文丢失率；在信道质量较高时，通过降低发送功率可以有效的减少叶子节点的能量消耗，提高节点续航寿命。本发明采用7所述的作为下个超帧的信道增益预测值，并将信道数据的统计标准差纳入发送功率优化算法输入，动态调整每个叶子节点在其独占上传时隙的无线发送功率。Step S3. Transmit power optimization: The power threshold for the central node to receive wireless messages is , that is, when The key to optimizing the transmission power is to dynamically adjust the wireless transmission power of each leaf node in its exclusive upload time slot. When the channel is deeply attenuated, the message loss rate can be reduced by increasing the wireless transmission power; when the channel quality is high, the energy consumption of the leaf node can be effectively reduced by reducing the transmission power, thereby increasing the node life span. As the channel gain prediction value for the next superframe, the statistical standard deviation of the channel data is incorporated into the input of the transmit power optimization algorithm to dynamically adjust the wireless transmit power of each leaf node in its exclusive upload time slot .
在一个超帧内，叶子节点会在以下三个状态之间切换。首先是无线接收状态，叶子节点在接收来自中心节点广播配置报文时候进入接收状态；其次是在某个叶子节点的独占上传时隙，该叶子节点进入无线发送状态，按指定的发送功率向中心节点发送数据报文；第三类即为睡眠状态，叶子节点在除了CBP及独占上传时隙的其它超帧时间内，叶子节点进入睡眠状态，以减少能耗，延长续航。In a superframe, the leaf node will switch between the following three states. The first is the wireless receiving state. The leaf node enters the receiving state when receiving the broadcast configuration message from the central node. The second is the wireless transmission state in the exclusive upload time slot of a leaf node, and sends data messages to the central node at the specified transmission power. The third is the sleep state. The leaf node enters the sleep state in other superframes except CBP and exclusive upload time slots to reduce energy consumption and extend battery life.
如图3所示，发送功率动态调整如下：假设叶子节点可选的发送功率值共有6档。在上个超帧周期，叶子节点1~5依次将，-15dBm和作为其在独占上传时隙的无线发送功率，动态功率调整要解决的问题是：这5个节点在下个超帧的独占上传时隙应该将发送功率调整到哪个档位才能尽量减少叶子节点的能量消耗，又保证应用所要求的数据包到达率。As shown in Figure 3, the dynamic adjustment of the transmission power is as follows: Assume that there are 6 levels of transmission power values that can be selected by the leaf node In the last superframe period, leaf nodes 1 to 5 will , -15dBm and As for the wireless transmission power in the exclusive upload time slot, the problem to be solved by dynamic power adjustment is: to which gear should these five nodes adjust the transmission power in the exclusive upload time slot of the next superframe to minimize the energy consumption of the leaf nodes and ensure the data packet arrival rate required by the application.
具体地，步骤S3包括以下子步骤：Specifically, step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
S3.1.将叶子节点可调节的发送功率范围定义为一个大小为v的离散数组。S3.1. Define the adjustable transmission power range of the leaf node as a discrete array of size v .
S3.2.叶子节点i在下个独占上传时隙的发送功率由以下公式决定：S3.2. Transmitting power of leaf node i in the next exclusive upload time slot Determined by the following formula:
上述公式的核心是从发送功率离散数组中选择其中一个最小值，即，使其满足大括号内不等式的值；其中是中心节点的接收功率阈值，当无线报文的接收功率小于该阈值时，数据报文丢失；为下一个超帧该信道增益预测值；为预留的一个可根据应用特点修改的补偿量，其作用是通过额外提高一定的发送功率值，降低由于过低的发送功率造成的数据丢失。The core of the above formula is the discrete array of transmit power. Select one of the minimum values, that is , so that it satisfies the value of the inequality in the braces; It is the receiving power threshold of the central node. When the receiving power of the wireless message is less than the threshold, the data message is lost; The channel gain prediction value for the next superframe; A reserved compensation amount that can be modified according to application characteristics. Its function is to reduce data loss caused by too low transmit power by additionally increasing the transmit power value.
S3.3.叶子节点补偿量，为一个可修改的常量，若应用场景对数据传输可靠性有高要求，可以通过增大实现，反之如果对叶子节点续航有高要求，可以减小。使用增益数据标准差作为补偿量第一个倍乘参数的原因是，标准差越大则意味着信道增益的波动越大，应该用更大的发送功率补偿量提高发送功率，消除信道衰减造成的数据丢失。S3.3. Leaf nodes Compensation , is a modifiable constant. If the application scenario has high requirements for data transmission reliability, you can increase On the contrary, if there is a high requirement for the endurance of leaf nodes, it can be reduced Using the gain data standard deviation The reason for using the first multiplication parameter of the compensation amount is that a larger standard deviation means a greater fluctuation in the channel gain, and a larger transmit power compensation amount should be used to increase the transmit power to eliminate data loss caused by channel attenuation.
本发明流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为表示包括一个或多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，可以实现在任何计算机刻度介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备，所述计算机可读介质可以是任何包含存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供执行系统、装置或设备使用。包括只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。Any process or method description in the flowchart of the present invention or described in other ways herein can be understood as a module, segment or part of a code including one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, which can be implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or equipment, and the computer-readable medium can be any medium containing storage, communication, propagation or transmission programs for use by execution systems, devices or equipment, including read-only memories, magnetic disks or optical disks, etc.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。此外，本领域的技术人员可以在不产生矛盾的情况下，将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及其中的特征进行结合或组合。In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "embodiment", "example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine or combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features therein without causing any contradiction.
上述内容虽然已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型等更新操作。Although the above content has shown and described the embodiments of the present invention, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the field can change, modify, replace, modify and other update operations on the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
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