CN118690505A - Method for designing clay harrow head and teeth based on clay cutting resistance series calculation formula - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，属于疏浚工程技术领域，该方法给出了一套黏土切削阻力系列计算公式，并给出了黏土耙头耙齿设计的步骤，依此确定黏土耙头耙齿的设计参数，其中黏土切削阻力系列计算公式包括：黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式、多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数、高速水下切削速度系数计算公式。本发明提出了耙齿切削阻力计算的依据，形成较为完整的黏土耙头耙齿设计方法，依此确定黏土耙头耙齿的设计参数，使得可得到最优的黏土耙头，有利于大大增加黏土耙头的挖掘效率，提高黏土耙头的产量。
The present invention relates to a method for designing a clay rake head and rake teeth according to a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance, belonging to the technical field of dredging engineering. The method provides a set of series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance, and provides steps for designing clay rake heads and rake teeth, thereby determining the design parameters of the clay rake head and rake teeth, wherein the series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance include: a series of calculation formulas for cutting resistance of a single rake tooth of a clay rake head, an empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference for multi-tooth cutting, and a calculation formula for a high-speed underwater cutting speed coefficient. The present invention proposes a basis for calculating rake tooth cutting resistance, forms a relatively complete clay rake head and rake tooth design method, thereby determining the design parameters of the clay rake head and rake teeth, so that the optimal clay rake head can be obtained, which is beneficial to greatly increase the excavation efficiency of the clay rake head and improve the output of the clay rake head.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于疏浚工程技术领域，特别是涉及一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of dredging engineering, and in particular relates to a method for designing clay rake heads and teeth according to a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance.
背景技术Background Art
黏土耙头是耙吸式挖泥船配备的主要挖泥机具之一，黏土耙头通过耙头上排布的耙齿对黏土进行切削挖掘。耙齿是黏土耙头的主要受力部件，在挖掘土体的过程中，黏土耙头的驱动设备在一定的功率下给予耙头总的拖拽力，该拖拽力传递给耙头及耙齿，最终对土体产生切削力，完成耙头对黏土的挖掘过程。The clay rake head is one of the main dredging tools equipped on the trailing suction dredger. The clay rake head cuts and excavates the clay through the rake teeth arranged on the rake head. The rake teeth are the main force-bearing components of the clay rake head. In the process of excavating the soil, the driving device of the clay rake head gives the rake head a total drag force under a certain power. The drag force is transmitted to the rake head and the rake teeth, and finally generates cutting force on the soil, completing the process of the rake head excavating the clay.
目前在疏浚工程黏土耙头耙齿的设计过程中，耙齿切削阻力计算的依据较少，没有形成较为完整的黏土耙头耙齿设计方法。因此，建立一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，用于黏土耙头耙齿设计具有重要的意义。At present, in the design process of clay rake heads and teeth in dredging projects, there is little basis for calculating the cutting resistance of the rake teeth, and there is no relatively complete design method for clay rake heads and teeth. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a method for designing clay rake heads and teeth based on a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance for use in the design of clay rake heads and teeth.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，该方法提供了一套黏土切削阻力系列计算公式及黏土耙头耙齿的设计过程，可以为黏土耙头耙齿设计提供依据。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for designing a clay rake head and rake teeth based on a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance. The method provides a set of clay cutting resistance series calculation formulas and a design process for clay rake heads and rake teeth, which can provide a basis for the design of clay rake heads and rake teeth.
本发明是这样实现的，一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，包括如下步骤：The present invention is implemented in this way: a method for designing clay rake head and rake teeth based on a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：根据设计要求，给定黏土耙头耙齿设计的初始参数设定值，包括耙齿齿宽、耙齿高度h b、耙齿切削角α、切削深度d；Step 1: According to the design requirements, the initial parameter setting values of the clay rake head rake teeth design are given, including the rake tooth width , tooth height h b , tooth cutting angle α , cutting depth d ;
步骤二：依据黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式，计算黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力；Step 2: Calculate the total cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay rake head according to the cutting resistance series calculation formula of a single tooth of a clay rake head. ;
所述黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式为：The cutting resistance series calculation formula of the single rake tooth of the clay rake head is:
式中，为单耙齿的总切削阻力，单位为N；为土体中心破坏区切削阻力，单位为N；为附加切削阻力，单位为N；为土体两侧破坏区切削阻力，单位为N；β为剪切破坏角，单位为°；r为土体两侧破坏区长度，单位为m；为土体两侧破坏区角度，单位为°；为黏土内摩擦角，单位为°；δ为黏土外摩擦角，单位为°；为黏土密度，单位为kg/m3；为黏土粘附力，单位为Pa；c为黏土粘聚力，单位为Pa；为耙齿齿宽，单位为m；h b为耙齿高度，单位为m；α为耙齿切削角，单位为°；d为切削深度，单位为m；In the formula, is the total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth, in N; is the cutting resistance of the soil center failure zone, in N; is the additional cutting resistance, in N; is the cutting resistance of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in N; β is the shear failure angle, in degrees; r is the length of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in meters; is the angle of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in degrees; is the internal friction angle of clay, in degrees; δ is the external friction angle of clay, in degrees; is the density of clay, in kg/m 3 ; is the clay adhesion, in Pa; c is the clay cohesion, in Pa; is the tooth width of the rake, in m; hb is the tooth height of the rake, in m; α is the cutting angle of the rake, in °; d is the cutting depth, in m;
步骤三：根据黏土耙头的驱动功率，给定黏土耙头的最大拖拽力；Step 3: According to the driving power of the clay rake head, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is given ;
步骤四：根据以下公式确定黏土耙头的耙齿数量n：Step 4: Determine the number of rake teeth n of the clay rake head according to the following formula:
式中，为水下高速切削的速度系数；和为黏土耙头多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数，为中间齿的经验系数，=0.85~0.9，为两侧齿的经验系数，=0.95；In the formula, is the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting; and is the empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference in clay rake head multi-tooth cutting, is the empirical coefficient of the middle tooth, =0.85~0.9, is the empirical coefficient of the teeth on both sides, =0.95;
当黏土耙头切削速度V小于0.5m/s时，水下高速切削的速度系数=1；When the clay rake cutting speed V is less than 0.5m/s, the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting =1;
当黏土耙头切削速度V大于等于0.5m/s时，水下高速切削的速度系数计算公式如下：When the clay rake cutting speed V is greater than or equal to 0.5m/s, the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting The calculation formula is as follows:
式中，V为黏土耙头切削速度，单位为m/s；Where, V is the cutting speed of the clay rake head, in m/s;
步骤五：根据以下公式计算齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2：Step 5: Calculate the spacing between the tooth seats I1 and the spacing between the rake teeth I2 according to the following formula:
式中，I1为齿座间的间距，单位为m；I2为耙齿间的间距，单位为m；W为耙头宽度，单位为m；为耙齿齿宽，单位为m；为齿座宽度，单位为m；n为耙齿数量，单位为个；Where, I1 is the spacing between tooth seats, in m; I2 is the spacing between rake teeth, in m; W is the width of the rake head, in m; is the tooth width of the rake , in m; is the width of the tooth seat, in m; n is the number of rake teeth, in pieces;
步骤六：根据I1和I2的计算结果，通过调整耙齿的类型，改变耙齿齿宽、耙齿数量n、耙齿切削角α、切削深度d，对黏土耙头耙齿的排布进行优化，得到最优设计的黏土耙头。Step 6: According to the calculation results of I1 and I2 , change the tooth width by adjusting the type of rake teeth , the number of teeth n, the cutting angle α of the teeth, and the cutting depth d are used to optimize the arrangement of the teeth of the clay rake head and obtain the optimally designed clay rake head.
在上述技术方案中，优选的，所述步骤一中，耙齿齿宽、耙齿高度h b根据耙齿的类型给定，耙齿切削角α、切削深度d根据施工工艺要求给定。In the above technical solution, preferably, in step 1, the rake tooth width , the rake tooth height hb is given according to the type of rake teeth, and the rake tooth cutting angle α and cutting depth d are given according to the construction process requirements.
在上述技术方案中，优选的，所述步骤二中，所述剪切破坏角β，为采用最小能量理论，求土体中心破坏区的水平切削阻力最小值处的角。In the above technical solution, preferably, in the step 2, the shear failure angle β is the angle at which the horizontal cutting resistance of the central failure zone of the soil body is at a minimum value, calculated by using the minimum energy theory.
在上述技术方案中，优选的，所述步骤二中，所述土体两侧破坏区角度，其值根据室内试验取经验值=60°。In the above technical solution, preferably, in the step 2, the angles of the failure zones on both sides of the soil body are , the value is based on the experience of indoor tests =60°.
在上述技术方案中，优选的，所述步骤二中，所述黏土内摩擦角、黏土密度、黏土粘聚力c，通过土工试验的直接剪切试验测得，依据的标准为GB/T 50123-2019土工试验方法标准；所述黏土粘附力通过附着力试验测得，依据的标准为TJT/T 320-96疏浚岩土分类标准；所述黏土外摩擦角δ通过基本的摩擦试验测得。In the above technical solution, preferably, in the step 2, the clay internal friction angle is , Clay density , clay cohesion c , measured by direct shear test of geotechnical test, based on the standard GB/T 50123-2019 geotechnical test method standard; the clay adhesion It is measured through an adhesion test based on the TJT/T 320-96 dredging rock and soil classification standard; the clay external friction angle δ is measured through a basic friction test.
在上述技术方案中，优选的，所述耙齿的类型为板齿、尖齿或凿齿。In the above technical solution, preferably, the type of the rake teeth is plate teeth, pointed teeth or chisel teeth.
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供的依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，提出了一套黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式、多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数及水下高速切削的速度系数计算公式，形成较为完整的黏土耙头耙齿设计方法，依此确定黏土耙头耙齿的设计参数，使得可得到最优的黏土耙头，有利于大大增加黏土耙头的挖掘效率，提高黏土耙头的产量。The present invention provides a method for designing clay rake heads and teeth based on a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance, proposes a set of series of calculation formulas for the cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay rake head, an empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference in multi-tooth cutting, and a speed coefficient calculation formula for underwater high-speed cutting, thereby forming a relatively complete clay rake head and rake tooth design method, and determining the design parameters of the clay rake head and rake teeth accordingly, so that an optimal clay rake head can be obtained, which is beneficial to greatly increase the excavation efficiency of the clay rake head and improve the output of the clay rake head.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例提供的土体三维切削受力示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional cutting force of soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的黏土耙头耙齿排布示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of rake teeth of a clay rake head provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的板齿的结构示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate tooth provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的尖齿的结构示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的凿齿的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a chisel tooth provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，并配合附图对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
实施例Example
本发明的实施例提供一种依据黏土切削阻力系列计算公式设计黏土耙头耙齿的方法，包括如下步骤：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a clay rake head and rake teeth according to a series of calculation formulas for clay cutting resistance, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：根据设计要求，给定黏土耙头耙齿设计的初始参数设定值，包括耙齿齿宽、耙齿高度h b、耙齿切削角α、切削深度d。Step 1: According to the design requirements, the initial parameter setting values of the clay rake head rake teeth design are given, including the rake tooth width , rake tooth height h b , rake tooth cutting angle α , cutting depth d .
其中，耙齿齿宽、耙齿高度h b根据耙齿的类型给定，耙齿切削角α、切削深度d根据施工工艺要求给定。Among them, the tooth width , the rake tooth height hb is given according to the type of rake teeth, and the rake tooth cutting angle α and cutting depth d are given according to the construction process requirements.
步骤二：依据黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式，计算黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力；Step 2: Calculate the total cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay rake head according to the cutting resistance series calculation formula of a single tooth of a clay rake head. ;
所述黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式为：The cutting resistance series calculation formula of the single rake tooth of the clay rake head is:
式中，为单耙齿的总切削阻力，单位为N；为土体中心破坏区切削阻力，单位为N；为附加切削阻力，单位为N；为土体两侧破坏区切削阻力，单位为N；β为剪切破坏角，单位为°；r为土体两侧破坏区长度，单位为m；为土体两侧破坏区角度，单位为°；为黏土内摩擦角，单位为°；δ为黏土外摩擦角，单位为°；为黏土密度，单位为kg/m3；为黏土粘附力，单位为Pa；c为黏土粘聚力，单位为Pa；为耙齿齿宽，单位为m；h b为耙齿高度，单位为m；α为耙齿切削角，单位为°；d为切削深度，单位为m。In the formula, is the total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth, in N; is the cutting resistance of the soil center failure zone, in N; is the additional cutting resistance, in N; is the cutting resistance of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in N; β is the shear failure angle, in degrees; r is the length of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in meters; is the angle of the failure zone on both sides of the soil, in degrees; is the internal friction angle of clay, in degrees; δ is the external friction angle of clay, in degrees; is the density of clay, in kg/m 3 ; is the clay adhesion, in Pa; c is the clay cohesion, in Pa; is the tooth width of the rake, in m; hb is the tooth height of the rake, in m; α is the cutting angle of the rake, in °; d is the cutting depth, in m.
其中，所述剪切破坏角β，为采用最小能量理论，求土体中心破坏区的水平切削阻力最小值处的角。土体中心破坏区的水平切削阻力是主要的切削力组成部分，因此只取这个部分的极限值即可。由于其是切削理论中普遍采用的一种方法，在此不做具体阐述，具体可参照倪宏超;朱国辉;基于最小能量原理计算高速切削过程中的剪切角[J];安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版);2014年02期；或，罗智文,赵文祥,焦黎,高守锋,刘志兵,颜培,王西彬.基于斜角切削的曲线端铣切削力建模[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(9):184-192。Wherein, the shear failure angle β is the angle at which the horizontal cutting resistance of the central failure zone of the soil body is the minimum value by using the minimum energy theory. The horizontal cutting resistance of the central failure zone of the soil body is the main component of the cutting force, so only the limit value of this part is taken. Since it is a method commonly used in cutting theory, it will not be elaborated here. For details, please refer to Ni Hongchao; Zhu Guohui; Calculation of shear angle in high-speed cutting process based on the minimum energy principle [J]; Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Natural Science Edition); Issue 02, 2014; or, Luo Zhiwen, Zhao Wenxiang, Jiao Li, Gao Shoufeng, Liu Zhibing, Yan Pei, Wang Xibin. Cutting force modeling of curved end milling based on oblique cutting [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(9): 184-192.
所述土体两侧破坏区角度，其值根据室内试验取经验值=60°。The angle of the failure zone on both sides of the soil , the value is based on the experience of indoor tests =60°.
所述黏土内摩擦角、黏土密度、黏土粘聚力c，通过土工试验的直接剪切试验测得，依据的标准为GB/T 50123-2019土工试验方法标准；黏土粘附力通过附着力试验测得，依据的标准为TJT/T 320-96疏浚岩土分类标准；黏土外摩擦角δ通过基本的摩擦试验测得，即先测得黏土的摩擦力和正压力，再将黏土的摩擦力和正压力相除即可得到。The internal friction angle of clay , Clay density , clay cohesion c , measured by direct shear test of geotechnical test, based on GB/T 50123-2019 geotechnical test method standard; clay adhesion It is measured through adhesion test, based on TJT/T 320-96 Dredging Rock and Soil Classification Standard; the clay external friction angle δ is measured through basic friction test, that is, the friction and normal pressure of the clay are first measured, and then the friction and normal pressure of the clay are divided to obtain the angle.
所述附加切削阻力计算公式（3），是由黏土室内切削试验得到的经验公式。The additional cutting resistance The calculation formula (3) is an empirical formula obtained from indoor clay cutting tests.
步骤三：根据黏土耙头的驱动功率，给定黏土耙头的最大拖拽力；Step 3: According to the driving power of the clay rake head, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is given ;
步骤四：根据以下公式确定黏土耙头的耙齿数量n：Step 4: Determine the number of rake teeth n of the clay rake head according to the following formula:
式中，为水下高速切削的速度系数；和为黏土耙头多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数，为中间齿的经验系数，=0.85~0.9，为两侧齿的经验系数，=0.95；In the formula, is the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting; and is the empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference in clay rake head multi-tooth cutting, is the empirical coefficient of the middle tooth, =0.85~0.9, is the empirical coefficient of the teeth on both sides, =0.95;
当黏土耙头切削速度V小于0.5m/s时，水下高速切削的速度系数=1；When the clay rake cutting speed V is less than 0.5m/s, the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting =1;
当黏土耙头切削速度V大于等于0.5m/s时，水下高速切削的速度系数计算公式如下：When the clay rake cutting speed V is greater than or equal to 0.5m/s, the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting The calculation formula is as follows:
式中，V为黏土耙头切削速度，单位为m/s；Where, V is the cutting speed of the clay rake head, in m/s;
当黏土耙头切削速度大于等于0.5m/s时，黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力需要乘以水下高速切削的速度系数，得到高速切削时单耙齿的总切削阻力。V≥0.5m/s时，水下高速切削的速度系数依据黏土耙头水下高速切削的速度系数计算公式（7）计算得到。该公式（7）是由黏土室内切削试验得到的经验公式。When the cutting speed of the clay harrow is greater than or equal to 0.5m/s, the total cutting resistance of a single harrow tooth of the clay harrow Need to multiply the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting , the total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth during high-speed cutting is obtained When V ≥0.5m/s, the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting It is calculated based on the speed coefficient calculation formula (7) for underwater high-speed cutting of clay rake heads. The formula (7) is an empirical formula obtained from indoor clay cutting tests.
当黏土耙头多耙齿切削时，黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力需要乘以多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数，齿间干扰经验系数的值是由黏土室内切削试验得到的经验系数。When the clay rake head has multiple teeth for cutting, the total cutting resistance of the single tooth of the clay rake head It needs to be multiplied by the empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference in multi-tooth cutting. The value of the empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference is the empirical coefficient obtained from the indoor cutting test of clay.
黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式包括：黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力计算公式、黏土耙头多耙齿切削的齿间干扰经验系数、黏土耙头水下高速切削的速度系数计算公式，在确定黏土耙头的耙齿数量时，充分考虑上述因素的影响，以利于设计最优的粉土耙头。A series of calculation formulas for the cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay rake head include: a calculation formula for the total cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay rake head, an empirical coefficient of inter-tooth interference in cutting with multiple teeth of a clay rake head, and a calculation formula for the speed coefficient of underwater high-speed cutting of a clay rake head. When determining the number of teeth of a clay rake head, the influence of the above factors should be fully considered to facilitate the design of the optimal silt rake head.
步骤五：根据耙头宽度W、耙齿齿宽、齿座宽度、耙齿数量n，计算得到齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2；Step 5: According to the rake head width W and rake tooth width , Gear seat width , the number of rake teeth n, calculate the spacing between tooth seats I 1 and the spacing between rake teeth I 2 ;
齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2根据以下公式计算：The spacing between the tooth seats I1 and the spacing between the rake teeth I2 are calculated according to the following formula:
式中，I1为齿座间的间距，单位为m；I2为耙齿间的间距，单位为m；W为耙头宽度，单位为m；为耙齿齿宽，单位为m；为齿座宽度，单位为m；n为耙齿数量，单位为个。Where, I1 is the spacing between tooth seats, in m; I2 is the spacing between rake teeth, in m; W is the width of the rake head, in m; is the tooth width of the rake , in m; is the width of the tooth seat, in m; n is the number of rake teeth, in pieces.
步骤六：根据I1和I2的计算结果，通过调整耙齿的类型，改变耙齿齿宽、耙齿数量n、耙齿切削角α或切削深度d，对黏土耙头耙齿的排布进行优化，得到最优设计的黏土耙头，如图2所示。Step 6: According to the calculation results of I1 and I2 , change the tooth width by adjusting the type of rake teeth , the number of teeth n, the tooth cutting angle α or the cutting depth d , the arrangement of the rake teeth of the clay rake head is optimized to obtain the optimally designed clay rake head, as shown in Figure 2.
其中，所述耙齿的类型为板齿、尖齿或凿齿，如图3～图5所示。The type of the rake teeth is plate teeth, pointed teeth or chisel teeth, as shown in Figures 3 to 5.
为了更好地理解本发明的上述实施方式，下面结合具体实施例对其进行进一步说明。In order to better understand the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, they are further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
如图1所示，本实施例中，耙头宽度W=4100mm，耙齿初步选择配备板齿，板齿齿宽=120mm，齿座宽度=100mm，耙齿长度L=200mm，耙齿切削角α=52°，切削深度d=150mm。As shown in FIG1 , in this embodiment, the width of the rake head is W=4100 mm, and the rake teeth are initially selected to be equipped with plate teeth, and the tooth width of the plate teeth is =120mm, gear seat width =100mm, tooth length L=200mm, tooth cutting angle α =52°, cutting depth d =150mm.
切削土体为标贯击数为14击的黏土，黏土内摩擦角=18.2°，黏土外摩擦角δ=18.75°，黏土密度=1983kg/m3，黏土粘附力=28611Pa，黏土粘聚力c=35764Pa，黏土耙头的最大拖拽力=280000N，切削速度V=1.285m/s，重力加速度g=9.81m/s2，土体两侧破坏区角度=60°。The cutting soil is clay with a standard penetration number of 14 blows and the internal friction angle of clay is =18.2°, clay external friction angle δ =18.75°, clay density =1983kg/m 3 , clay adhesion =28611Pa, clay cohesion c =35764Pa, maximum drag force of clay rake head =280000N, cutting speed V =1.285m/s, gravity acceleration g=9.81m/s 2 , failure zone angles on both sides of the soil =60°.
黏土耙头耙齿设计的步骤如下：The steps for designing the rake teeth of a clay rake are as follows:
步骤一：根据设计要求，给定黏土耙头耙齿设计的初始参数设定值，包括耙齿齿宽=120mm，耙齿高度h b==157.6mm，耙齿切削角α=52°，切削深度d=150mm。Step 1: According to the design requirements, the initial parameter setting values of the clay rake head rake teeth design are given, including the rake tooth width =120mm, rake tooth height h b = =157.6mm, rake tooth cutting angle α =52°, cutting depth d =150mm.
步骤二：依据黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式（1）～（5），计算黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力。Step 2: Calculate the total cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay harrow head according to the cutting resistance calculation formulas (1) to (5) .
其中，依据公式（2）计算得到：依据最小能量原则，当剪切破坏角β=34°时，土体中心破坏区切削阻力取得最小值，经计算3435N；Among them, according to formula (2), it is calculated that: According to the minimum energy principle, when the shear failure angle β = 34°, the cutting resistance of the soil center failure zone is Get the minimum value, calculated 3435N;
依据公式（3）计算得到：7180N；According to formula (3), we can get: 7180N;
依据公式（5）计算得到：r=0.27m；According to formula (5), we can calculate: r = 0.27m;
依据公式（4）计算得到：=2250N；According to formula (4), we can get: =2250N;
依据公式（1）计算得到：=15114N。According to formula (1), we can get: =15114N.
步骤三：根据黏土耙头的驱动功率，给定黏土耙头的最大拖拽力。Step 3: According to the driving power of the clay rake head, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is given .
在本实施例中，黏土耙头的最大拖拽力=280000N。In this embodiment, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is =280000N.
步骤四：根据公式（6）、（7）确定黏土耙头的耙齿数量n。Step 4: Determine the number of rake teeth n of the clay rake head according to formulas (6) and (7).
在本实施例中，切削速度V=1.285m/s，依据公式（7）计算得到：=1.14。In this embodiment, the cutting speed V = 1.285 m/s, calculated according to formula (7): =1.14.
在单耙齿的总切削阻力的基础上，乘以速度系数，得到高速切削时的单耙齿的总切削阻力为：=17250N。Total cutting resistance on a single tooth Based on this, multiply by the speed factor , the total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth during high-speed cutting is obtained as: =17250N.
在本实施例中，=0.87、=0.95，依据公式（6）计算得到耙头的耙齿数量：In this embodiment, =0.87, =0.95, the number of rake teeth of the rake head is calculated according to formula (6):
n＜18.47，取n=18。n＜18.47, take n=18.
步骤五：根据耙头宽度W=4100mm，板齿齿宽=120mm，齿座宽度=100mm，耙齿数量n=18，计算得到齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2。Step 5: According to the width of the rake head W = 4100mm, the tooth width of the plate =120mm, gear seat width =100mm, number of rake teeth n=18, the spacing between tooth seats I 1 and the spacing between teeth I 2 are calculated.
步骤六：根据I1和I2的计算结果，通过调整耙齿的类型，改变耙齿齿宽、耙齿数量n、切削深度d，对黏土耙头耙齿的排布进行优化。Step 6: According to the calculation results of I1 and I2 , change the tooth width by adjusting the type of rake teeth , number of teeth n, cutting depth d , and optimize the arrangement of teeth on the clay rake head.
根据步骤五计算结果齿座间的间距I1=135mm，对于黏土耙头来说，耙头齿座间距过大，可以通过调整各项参数进行优化。According to the calculation result in step 5, the spacing between the tooth seats is I 1 =135 mm. For the clay rake head, the spacing between the tooth seats of the rake head is too large, which can be optimized by adjusting various parameters.
可考虑将黏土耙头的板齿换为凿齿，凿齿齿宽=75mm，齿座宽度=100mm。黏土耙头的耙齿由板齿换为凿齿后，耙齿齿宽变小，单耙齿的总切削阻力将减小，在黏土耙头的最大拖拽力不变的情况下，可以适当增加耙齿数量，使得齿间间距在合理的范围内。Consider replacing the plate teeth of the clay rake head with chisel teeth. The chisel teeth are wider. =75mm, gear seat width =100mm. After the rake teeth of the clay rake head are changed from plate teeth to chisel teeth, the tooth width of the rake teeth is The total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth becomes smaller Will reduce the maximum drag force on the clay harrow head Under the condition that the pressure remains unchanged, the number of rake teeth can be appropriately increased to make the spacing between teeth within a reasonable range.
当将黏土耙头的板齿换为凿齿时，具体如下：When the plate teeth of the clay rake head are replaced with chisel teeth, the details are as follows:
步骤一：根据设计要求，给定黏土耙头耙齿设计的初始参数设定值，包括耙齿齿宽=75mm，耙齿高度h b==157.6mm，耙齿切削角α=52°，切削深度d=150mm。Step 1: According to the design requirements, the initial parameter setting values of the clay rake head rake teeth design are given, including the rake tooth width =75mm, rake tooth height h b = =157.6mm, rake tooth cutting angle α =52°, cutting depth d =150mm.
步骤二：依据黏土耙头单耙齿的切削阻力系列计算公式（1）～（5），计算黏土耙头单耙齿的总切削阻力。Step 2: Calculate the total cutting resistance of a single tooth of a clay harrow head according to the cutting resistance calculation formulas (1) to (5) .
其中，依据公式（2）计算得到：依据最小能量原则，当剪切破坏角β=34°时，土体中心破坏区切削阻力取得最小值，经计算2147N；Among them, according to formula (2), it is calculated that: According to the minimum energy principle, when the shear failure angle β = 34°, the cutting resistance of the soil center failure zone is Get the minimum value, calculated 2147N;
依据公式（3）计算得到：4488N；According to formula (3), we can get: 4488N;
依据公式（5）计算得到：r=0.27m；According to formula (5), we can calculate: r = 0.27m;
依据公式（4）计算得到：=2250N；According to formula (4), we can get: =2250N;
依据公式（1）计算得到：=11134N。According to formula (1), we can get: =11134N.
步骤三：根据黏土耙头的驱动功率，给定黏土耙头的最大拖拽力。Step 3: According to the driving power of the clay rake head, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is given .
在本实施例中，黏土耙头的最大拖拽力=280000N。In this embodiment, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head is =280000N.
步骤四：根据公式（6）、（7）确定黏土耙头的耙齿数量n。Step 4: Determine the number of rake teeth n of the clay rake head according to formulas (6) and (7).
在本实施例中，切削速度V=1.285m/s，依据公式（7）计算得到：=1.14。In this embodiment, the cutting speed V = 1.285 m/s, calculated according to formula (7): =1.14.
在单耙齿的总切削阻力的基础上，乘以速度系数，得到高速切削时的单耙齿的总切削阻力为：=12707N。Total cutting resistance on a single tooth Based on this, multiply by the speed factor , the total cutting resistance of a single rake tooth during high-speed cutting is obtained as: =12707N.
在本实施例中，=0.87、=0.95，依据公式（6）计算得到耙头的耙齿数量：In this embodiment, =0.87, =0.95, the number of rake teeth of the rake head is calculated according to formula (6):
n＜25.14，取耙齿数量n=25。n＜25.14, the number of rake teeth n=25.
步骤五：根据耙头宽度W=4100mm，板齿齿宽=75mm，齿座宽度=100mm，耙齿数量n=25，计算得到齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2。Step 5: According to the width of the rake head W = 4100mm, the tooth width of the plate =75mm, gear seat width =100mm, number of rake teeth n=25, the spacing between tooth seats I 1 and the spacing between teeth I 2 are calculated.
此时，齿座间的间距I1=67mm，对于黏土耙头来说，耙头齿座间距较小，还可以适当减少耙齿数量n。当耙齿数量n减少时，在黏土耙头的最大拖拽力不变的情况下，可以增大耙齿的切削深度d，从而增加黏土耙头的挖掘效率，提高黏土耙头的产量。At this time, the spacing between the tooth seats is I 1 =67mm. For the clay rake head, the spacing between the tooth seats is small, and the number of rake teeth n can be appropriately reduced. When the number of rake teeth n is reduced, the maximum drag force of the clay rake head Under the condition of no change, the cutting depth d of the rake teeth can be increased, thereby increasing the excavation efficiency of the clay rake head and improving the output of the clay rake head.
当耙齿数量减少到n=20时，计算得到齿座间的间距I1和耙齿间的间距I2。When the number of rake teeth is reduced to n=20, the spacing between tooth seats I 1 and the spacing between rake teeth I 2 are calculated.
当将凿齿数量n设计为20时，在黏土耙头的最大拖拽力不变的情况下，可以增大耙齿的切削深度d。根据公式（1）～（6），通过计算可以得到耙齿的最大切削深度可以达到d=170mm，通过增加黏土耙头的挖掘深度，提高了挖掘效率，提高了黏土耙头的产量。When the number of chisel teeth n is designed to be 20, the maximum drag force on the clay harrow head Under the condition of no change, the cutting depth d of the rake teeth can be increased. According to formulas (1) to (6), it can be calculated that the maximum cutting depth of the rake teeth can reach d = 170 mm. By increasing the digging depth of the clay rake head, the digging efficiency is improved and the output of the clay rake head is increased.
综上可知，优化后的黏土耙头，通过合理布置耙齿的数量，在满足黏土耙头切削阻力要求的条件下，可以增加挖掘深度，提高挖掘产量。在耙齿优化的过程中应注意，减小耙齿的数量，齿座间的间距和耙齿间的间距均增大，会增加挖掘时的漏土量，影响挖掘效果；增加耙齿的数量，则会增大耙齿总的切削阻力。因此，在黏土耙头优化设计时，需要综合考虑齿座间距、耙齿间距、切削深度和切削阻力的影响。上述优化后的计算结果，I1、I2在可以接受的范围内，提高了黏土耙头的挖掘产量。In summary, the optimized clay rake head can increase the excavation depth and improve the excavation output by reasonably arranging the number of rake teeth while meeting the requirements of the cutting resistance of the clay rake head. In the process of rake tooth optimization, it should be noted that reducing the number of rake teeth will increase the spacing between the tooth seats and the spacing between the teeth, which will increase the amount of soil leakage during excavation and affect the excavation effect; increasing the number of rake teeth will increase the total cutting resistance of the rake teeth. Therefore, when optimizing the design of the clay rake head, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the effects of the tooth seat spacing, tooth spacing, cutting depth and cutting resistance. The above optimized calculation results show that I 1 and I 2 are within an acceptable range, which improves the excavation output of the clay rake head.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换，而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents, and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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