CN118746828B - On-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical common aperture detection system - Google Patents
On-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical common aperture detection systemInfo
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- CN118746828B CN118746828B CN202411070103.5A CN202411070103A CN118746828B CN 118746828 B CN118746828 B CN 118746828B CN 202411070103 A CN202411070103 A CN 202411070103A CN 118746828 B CN118746828 B CN 118746828B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种片上集成毫米波光学共孔径探测系统，涉及雷达光学复合探测技术领域。本发明包括共孔径阵列天线和射频前端、光电混合模块、激光器阵列、多波长激光器、第一模数转换器、第二模数转换器、第一数字信号处理器、第二数字信号处理器和控制终端，采用光电混合集成设计，有效的兼容了光学成像系统和毫米波阵列，可相互提供目标信息实现精确跟踪和精准成像，满足天基、无人机等小平台载探测领域光学与微波协同探测需求。
The present invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical common-aperture detection system, relating to the field of radar optical composite detection technology. The system comprises a common-aperture array antenna and radio frequency front-end, an optoelectronic hybrid module, a laser array, a multi-wavelength laser, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a first digital signal processor, a second digital signal processor, and a control terminal. The system utilizes an optoelectronic hybrid integrated design, effectively integrating the optical imaging system and the millimeter-wave array. These systems can mutually provide target information for precise tracking and imaging, meeting the needs of optical and microwave collaborative detection in space-based, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and other small-scale platform detection applications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar optical composite detection, in particular to an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system.
Background
Electromagnetic environment is increasingly complex, and radar optical composite detection systems are widely applied in various fields due to the advantages of strong anti-interference capability and high environmental adaptability.
As in the field of space exploration, continuous tracking and identification of a space object is typically achieved by co-operating a ground-based optical system with a radar system (i.e., radar optical system). Another commonly used radar optical composite detection system is a cassegrain type composite structure, which is improved on the basis of a cassegrain type optical imaging system, so that the system can be compatible with the receiving and transmitting of microwave radar signals.
However, the two designs of the radar optical system cooperation and the Cassegrain composite structure have low integration level and large occupied space, and are not beneficial to being widely applied to small-sized platforms such as low-orbit satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
(One) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, which solves the technical problem of different integration levels of the existing radar optical composite detection system.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, which comprises a common-aperture array antenna, a radio frequency front end, a photoelectric mixing module, a laser array, a multi-wavelength laser, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a first digital signal processor, a second digital signal processor and a control terminal, wherein the first analog-to-digital converter is connected with the radio frequency front end;
The common aperture array antenna comprises a millimeter wave antenna array and a lens imaging array, wherein the lens imaging array is embedded in the millimeter wave array;
The radio frequency front end is connected with the millimeter wave antenna array and is used for switching the receiving and transmitting of the millimeter wave antenna array;
The photoelectric mixing module comprises an optical processing unit, a radar transmitting unit and a radar receiving unit, wherein the optical processing unit is connected with the lens imaging array and is used for processing optical signals received by the lens imaging array to form optical analog signals, and the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit are both connected with the radio frequency front end and are used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals;
The multi-wavelength laser provides optical carrier for the radar transmitting unit;
the first analog-to-digital converter performs discrete processing on the optical analog signals output by the optical processing unit to obtain optical digital signals, and the second analog-to-digital converter performs discrete processing on the radio frequency analog signals output by the radar receiving unit to obtain microwave digital signals;
the first digital signal processor processes the optical digital signal to realize accurate imaging, and the second digital signal processor processes the microwave digital signal to realize target tracking;
the control terminal receives and analyzes the output results of the first digital signal processor and the second digital signal processor, and controls the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit according to the analysis results to realize waveform and beam control.
Preferably, the lens imaging array is radially embedded in the millimeter wave array in an umbrella rib shape.
Preferably, the optical processing unit comprises an optical processing unit and a plurality of optical coupling units, wherein the optical processing unit comprises an optical coupling array, an optical baseline interference network and an orthogonal balance photoelectric detector array, the optical coupling array comprises a plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers, the plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers are used for collecting optical information at different positions under a lens, the collected optical information is transmitted to the optical baseline interference network for processing, photoelectric conversion is completed through the orthogonal balance photoelectric detector array output by the optical baseline interference network, and a radio frequency signal is output.
Preferably, the optical baseline interference network includes a plurality of sets of coherent processing components;
Each group of coherent processing components comprises 2 phase shifters, 1 coupler and two arrayed waveguide gratings;
The phase shifter is used for adjusting the phases of the two light paths to enable the phases to meet the coherent condition, the coupler enables the two light paths to be coupled to generate 2 groups of coherent light, and the two groups of coherent light are subjected to multi-wavelength division by the two array waveguide gratings to obtain a narrow spectrum which is easy to interfere and process.
The radar transmitting unit comprises a waveform generating module, a carrier module, a first light wave beam forming network and a photoelectric conversion array, wherein the waveform generating module generates a radio frequency signal according to a radio frequency signal output by a second analog-to-digital converter and a control signal of a control terminal, the radio frequency signal and an optical carrier generated by a multi-wavelength laser are jointly input into the carrier module to be modulated to form a laser waveform, the laser waveform and the signal of the control terminal are jointly input into the first light wave beam forming network, the first light wave beam forming network outputs a transmitting light wave beam, the transmitting light wave beam forms a radio frequency output signal through the photoelectric conversion array, and the radio frequency output signal is transmitted by a millimeter wave antenna array through a radio frequency front end.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion array comprises a plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers, a plurality of groups of Mach-Zehnder modulators and a plurality of groups of photoelectric detectors, wherein the Mach-Zehnder modulators comprise a plurality of input ports, in particular a port 1, a port 3 and a port 5;
The laser emitted by the first optical beam forming network is processed by a vertical grating coupler and then is input into a Mach-Zehnder modulator through a port 1, a radar echo input local oscillator radio frequency signal is input into the Mach-Zehnder modulator through a port 3, a port 5 is used for inputting a radio frequency clock signal, an optical comb is generated in a phase modulator in a 5-port branch of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is subjected to beat frequency by a photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the radar receiving unit comprises an electro-optical conversion array, a second optical beam forming network and an optical channelizing network, wherein the electro-optical conversion array loads echo signals received by the millimeter wave antenna array onto optical carriers generated by the laser array to form received optical waveforms, the received optical waveforms and signals of the control terminal are jointly input into the second optical beam forming network, and the output optical signals are processed by the optical channelizing network and output radio frequency signals.
Preferably, the electro-optical conversion array comprises a plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers and Mach-Zehnder modulators, wherein the Mach-Zehnder modulators comprise a plurality of input ports, in particular a first input port, a second input port and a third input port;
The laser emitted by the laser array is coupled to the chip through a vertical grating coupler, the output of the vertical grating coupler is input into a Mach-Zehnder modulator through a2 nd input port, the Mach-Zehnder modulator loads radio frequency signals onto a laser carrier, a first input port of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for inputting radar echo radio frequency signals output by the radio frequency front end, a third input port of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for inputting radio frequency clock signals, and the Mach-Zehnder modulator outputs received light waveforms.
Preferably, the optical channelizing network comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier, an optical filter, an optical circulator, an optical splitter, a defect BRAGG grating waveguide, a microwave photon frequency conversion and a photoelectric detector which are connected in sequence;
The semiconductor optical amplifier is used for amplifying an optical carrier wave to ensure the light intensity of later-stage light splitting, the optical filter is used for filtering noise of a non-working frequency band, the optical circulator is used for removing reflected light in an optical path, the optical splitter is used for channel light splitting, the defective BRAGG grating waveguide is used for selecting channel frequency points of the working frequency band through notch characteristics generated by a defect layer in a periodic structure, continuous frequency point notch can be obtained by adjusting parameters of the defect layer, microwave photon frequency conversion is used for secondary down-conversion processing, and the photoelectric detector is used for beat frequency and photoelectric conversion.
Preferably, the system further comprises a frequency source, wherein the frequency source provides clock information for a chip with a clock port in the on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
The invention completes an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, adopts photoelectric hybrid integrated design, effectively compatibles an optical imaging system and a millimeter wave array, can mutually provide target information to realize accurate tracking and accurate imaging, and meets the optical and microwave collaborative detection requirements in the small-platform detection fields of space-based and unmanned aerial vehicles and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common aperture detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency front end;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photoelectric conversion array;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electro-optic conversion array;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optical beam forming network;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical channelized network;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a carrier module;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical coupling array;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical baseline interference network.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the application solves the technical problems of different integration levels of the traditional radar optical composite detection system by providing the on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, realizes the on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture design, has high integration level and light weight, and can be widely applied to small-sized platforms such as low-orbit satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the application aims to solve the technical problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
The existing radar optical composite detection system has the problems of low integration level, large occupied space and inconsistent space-time reference, and is not beneficial to being widely applied to small platforms such as low-orbit satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles.
In order to solve the problems, the embodiment of the invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common aperture detection system, which obtains the space frequency information of a target through multi-baseline interference processing to obtain a target image for searching, and can complete millimeter wave receiving and transmitting and phase difference controlling so that a main beam points to the target for tracking. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common aperture design has the advantages of high-efficiency utilization of mouth and face, light weight and compact structure, and provides a new thought for the integrated design of the radar optical composite detection system.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a common-aperture array antenna, a radio frequency front end, a photoelectric mixing module, a laser array, a multi-wavelength laser, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a first digital signal processor, a second digital signal processor and a control terminal, wherein the first analog-to-digital converter is connected with the first digital signal processor;
the common aperture array antenna comprises a millimeter wave antenna array and a lens imaging array, wherein the lens imaging array is embedded in the millimeter wave array;
the radio frequency front end is connected with the millimeter wave antenna array and is used for switching the receiving and transmitting of the millimeter wave antenna array;
the photoelectric mixing module comprises an optical processing unit, a radar transmitting unit and a radar receiving unit, wherein the optical processing unit is connected with the lens imaging array and is used for processing optical signals received by the lens imaging array to form optical analog signals, and the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit are both connected with the radio frequency front end and are used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals.
The multi-wavelength laser provides optical carrier for the radar transmitting unit;
the system comprises a radar receiving unit, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a first digital-to-digital converter, a second digital-to-digital converter, a first analog-to-digital converter and a second analog-to-digital converter, wherein the first analog-to-digital converter carries out discrete processing on an optical analog signal output by the optical processing unit to obtain an optical digital signal;
The first digital signal processor is used for extracting amplitude/phase information of a complex coherence factor for the optical digital signal, filtering and restoring a dirty image to realize accurate imaging;
the control terminal receives and analyzes the output results of the first digital signal processor and the second digital signal processor, and controls the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit according to the analysis results to realize waveform and beam control.
The embodiment of the invention completes an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, adopts a photoelectric hybrid integrated design, is effectively compatible with an optical imaging system and a millimeter wave array, can mutually provide target information to realize accurate tracking and accurate imaging, and meets the optical and microwave collaborative detection requirements in the detection field of small platforms such as space-based and unmanned aerial vehicles.
Example 1:
The common aperture array antenna comprises a lens imaging array and a millimeter wave antenna array, wherein the lens imaging array is in an umbrella rib radiation shape and is embedded in the millimeter wave array, light rays radiated by a target enter an on-chip integrated system through an optical coupling array through the lens imaging array to be imaged, the millimeter wave antenna array adopts a receiving and transmitting integrated design, receiving and transmitting switching is carried out through the radio frequency front end, millimeter waves emitted by a radar irradiate the target to form echoes to be received by the array, and position information of the target can be obtained through the on-chip integrated system and processing.
The radio frequency front end, the photoelectric mixing module, the laser array, the multi-wavelength laser, the first analog-to-digital converter, the second analog-to-digital converter, the first digital signal processor, the second digital signal processor and the control terminal are integrated on a PCB. The devices in the circuit may be replaced by devices having the same function.
The photoelectric mixing module comprises an optical processing unit, a radar transmitting unit and a radar receiving unit,
The optical processing unit includes an optical coupling array, an optical baseline interference network, and an orthogonally balanced photodetector array. The optical coupling array comprises a plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers and is used for collecting optical information at different positions under the lens, transmitting the collected optical information to the optical baseline interference network for processing, and outputting the optical baseline interference network to complete photoelectric conversion through the orthogonal balance photoelectric detector array and output radio frequency signals.
The radar transmitting unit comprises a waveform generating module, a carrier module, a first optical wave beam forming network and a photoelectric conversion array. The waveform generation module generates a radio frequency signal according to the radio frequency signal output by the second analog-to-digital converter and a control signal of the control terminal, the radio frequency signal and an optical carrier generated by the multi-wavelength laser are input into the carrier module together to be modulated to form a laser waveform, the laser waveform and the signal of the control terminal are input into the first optical wave beam forming network together, the first optical wave beam forming network outputs a transmitting optical wave beam, the transmitting optical wave beam forms a radio frequency output signal through the photoelectric conversion array, and the radio frequency output signal is transmitted by the millimeter wave antenna array through the radio frequency front end.
The radar receiving unit comprises an electro-optical conversion array, a second optical beam forming network and an optical channelizing network. The electro-optical conversion array loads echo signals received by the millimeter wave antenna array onto optical carriers generated by the laser array to form received optical waveforms, the received optical waveforms and signals of the control terminal are jointly input into the second optical wave beam forming network, and the output optical signals are processed through the optical channelizing network to output radio frequency signals.
The photoelectric hybrid module is concentrated on a silicon substrate in a photoelectric large-scale hybrid integration mode, and can be independently packaged into an independent chip module.
The first analog-digital converter (ADC 1) and the second analog-digital converter (ADC 2) perform discrete processing on analog signals output by the chip to obtain digital signals, the first digital signal processor (DSP 1) and the second digital signal processor (DSP 2) perform pulse compression, clutter filtering, doppler processing, moving target detection and other processing on microwave digital signals, and perform complex coherence factor amplitude/phase information extraction, filtering, dirty image restoration and other processing on the optical digital signals. And the control terminal displays information after finishing signal analysis and provides a control signal for the integrated system on chip to realize waveform and beam control.
The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common aperture detection system also includes a frequency source that provides clock information for a plurality of chips in the system.
Example 2:
With reference to example 1, the detailed design description of the 8 important components in example 1 is merely a specific description of the feasible implementation of example 1 in the present application, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of example 1, but is not intended to be included in the protection scope of the present application without departing from the system architecture and equivalent implementation of example 1. The devices in the circuit may be replaced by devices having the same function.
Referring to fig. 2, the rf front-end includes a 1:4 power divider, an rf switch, a transmitting branch (upper branch) and a receiving branch (lower branch). The 1:4 power divider can divide a large-scale array into a plurality of combined arrays of 2×2 subarrays, and the radio frequency switch can switch the working state of an antenna to the transmitting branch or the receiving branch.
The transmit branch includes a Power Amplifier (PA), a Programmable gain Amplifier (Programmable GAIN AMPLIFIER, PGA), and a phase shifter (PHASE SHIFTER, PS). The receiving branch comprises a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a PGA and a PS, wherein the LNA is used for amplifying the received radio frequency signals, and the PGA and the PS are used for accurately controlling the phase and the gain of the radio frequency signals respectively.
Referring to fig. 3, the photoelectric conversion array is composed of a plurality of sets of vertical grating couplers (VERTICAL GRATING Coupler, VGC), mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM), and photodetectors (Photodetector, PD). The laser emitted by the optical wave beam forming network enters the MZM through the vertical grating coupler and then enters the MZM through the port 1, the port 3 is a port for inputting local oscillation radio frequency signals by radar echo, and the port 5 is a port for inputting radio frequency clock signals by the frequency source, so that an optical comb is generated in a phase modulator in a 5-port branch of the MZM. The frequency source is divided into two paths, the frequencies are f ck, one path is subjected to frequency multiplication treatment, namely the frequency is 2f ck, finally the two paths are combined into one path through a coupler, the radio frequency clock signal comprises two frequency components f ck and 2f ck, higher-order harmonic waves including f ck、2fck、3fck、4fck and the like are generated in the MZM, then the light component generated by the radar radio frequency signal and the higher-order harmonic waves are subjected to beat frequency in the PD, up-conversion from the radio frequency signal to the clock frequency multiple is realized, namely f RF＝nfck±fIF, and the up-converted signal enters the radio frequency front end through 4 ports.
Referring to fig. 4, the electro-optical conversion array is composed of multiple groups of VGC and MZM. The laser emitted by the laser array is coupled to the chip through a port 2 and a VGC, the radio frequency signal is loaded to the laser carrier through the Mach-Zehnder modulator, the port 1 is a port for outputting a radar echo radio frequency signal by the radio frequency front end, the port 3 is a port for inputting a radio frequency clock signal by the frequency source, and similarly, the down conversion of the original fIF can be realized, so that the signal enters the rear end for processing.
Referring to fig. 5, the optical beam forming network includes multiple sets of timing control, optical delay, optical switches, variable optical attenuators (Variable Optical Attenuator, VOAs), and wavelength division multiplexing (WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING, WDM). The time sequence control controls the optical switch to switch the optical path of the optical path through the electro-optic effect and the thermo-optic effect, the optical delay is used for obtaining delay amount combination, the VOA can control the optical amplitude of each branch, and the WDM can multiplex the optical wavelength components.
Referring to fig. 6, the Optical channelizing network includes a semiconductor Optical amplifier (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier, SOA), an Optical Filter (OF), an Optical circulator (Optical Circulator, OC), an Optical splitter (Optical Branching Device, OBD), a defective BRAGG grating waveguide (Defect Bragg grating, DBG), microwave photon conversion, PD. The SOA is used for amplifying the optical carrier wave to ensure the later-stage light splitting intensity; the method comprises the steps OF OF, OC, OBD, DBG, microwave photon frequency conversion, and PD, wherein the OF is used for filtering noises in a non-working frequency band, the OC is used for removing reflected light in an optical path, the OBD is used for channel beam splitting, the DBG is used for selecting frequency points OF the working frequency band through notch characteristics generated by a defect layer in a periodic structure, continuous frequency point notch can be obtained by adjusting parameters OF the defect layer, the microwave photon frequency conversion can be used for secondary down-conversion processing, the working principle OF the microwave photon frequency conversion can be described by referring to figure 3, and the PD is used for beat frequency and photoelectric conversion.
Referring to fig. 7, the carrier module includes a VGC and an MZM, the laser light emitted from the multi-wavelength laser is coupled to the chip through the VGC, and the waveform generation module may modulate the laser waveform through the MZM.
Referring to fig. 8, the optical coupling array is composed of multiple VGCs, and is disposed at the rear end of the lens in the common aperture array antenna for collecting optical information at different positions under the lens. VGCs at the same position under the two sets of lenses connect to a set of coherent processing components in the optical baseline interference network.
Referring to fig. 9, the optical baseline interference network is composed of a plurality of groups of coherent processing components, wherein one group of coherent processing components comprises 2 Phase Shifters (PS), 1 Coupler (Coupler), and two Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG). The PS is used for adjusting the phases of the two light paths to enable the phases to meet the coherent condition, the Coupler enables the two light paths to be coupled to generate 2 groups of coherent light, the AWG carries out multi-wavelength division on the two groups of coherent light, and a narrow spectrum which is easy to interfere and process is obtained. The different two groups of lenses can be combined to form multiple groups of baselines, spatial frequency information of a target can be obtained through multi-baseline combined interference processing, and each path of phase and amplitude information is obtained for imaging processing.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the invention completes an on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system, adopts a photoelectric hybrid integrated design, is effectively compatible with an optical imaging system and a millimeter wave array, can mutually provide target information to realize accurate tracking and accurate imaging, and meets the optical and microwave collaborative detection requirements in the detection field of small platforms such as space-based and unmanned aerial vehicles.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, but not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalents may be substituted for parts of the technical features thereof, and that such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention in essence.
Claims (10)
1. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system is characterized by comprising a common-aperture array antenna, a radio frequency front end, a photoelectric mixing module, a laser array, a multi-wavelength laser, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a first digital signal processor, a second digital signal processor and a control terminal;
The common aperture array antenna comprises a millimeter wave antenna array and a lens imaging array, wherein the lens imaging array is embedded in the millimeter wave array;
The radio frequency front end is connected with the millimeter wave antenna array and is used for switching the receiving and transmitting of the millimeter wave antenna array;
The photoelectric mixing module comprises an optical processing unit, a radar transmitting unit and a radar receiving unit, wherein the optical processing unit is connected with the lens imaging array and is used for processing optical signals received by the lens imaging array to form optical analog signals, and the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit are both connected with the radio frequency front end and are used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals;
The multi-wavelength laser provides optical carrier for the radar transmitting unit;
the first analog-to-digital converter performs discrete processing on the optical analog signals output by the optical processing unit to obtain optical digital signals, and the second analog-to-digital converter performs discrete processing on the radio frequency analog signals output by the radar receiving unit to obtain microwave digital signals;
the first digital signal processor processes the optical digital signal to realize accurate imaging, and the second digital signal processor processes the microwave digital signal to realize target tracking;
the control terminal receives and analyzes the output results of the first digital signal processor and the second digital signal processor, and controls the radar transmitting unit and the radar receiving unit according to the analysis results to realize waveform and beam control.
2. The on-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical co-aperture detection system of claim 1, wherein said lens imaging array is embedded in said millimeter-wave array in an umbrella rib radial pattern.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical processing unit comprises an optical processing unit comprising an optical coupling array, an optical baseline interference network and an orthogonal balance photoelectric detector array, wherein the optical coupling array comprises a plurality of groups of vertical grating couplers for collecting optical information at different positions under the lens, transmitting the collected optical information to the optical baseline interference network for processing, and the optical baseline interference network outputs the optical information which is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the orthogonal balance photoelectric detector array to output radio frequency signals.
4. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common aperture detection system of claim 3, wherein said optical baseline interference network comprises a plurality of sets of coherent processing components;
Each group of coherent processing components comprises 2 phase shifters, 1 coupler and two arrayed waveguide gratings;
The phase shifter is used for adjusting the phases of the two light paths to enable the phases to meet the coherent condition, the coupler enables the two light paths to be coupled to generate 2 groups of coherent light, and the two groups of coherent light are subjected to multi-wavelength division by the two array waveguide gratings to obtain a narrow spectrum which is easy to interfere and process.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the radar transmitting unit comprises a waveform generating module, a carrier module, a first optical beam forming network and a photoelectric conversion array, wherein the waveform generating module generates a radio frequency signal according to a radio frequency signal output by the second analog-to-digital converter and a control signal of the control terminal, the radio frequency signal and an optical carrier generated by the multi-wavelength laser are input to the carrier module together to be modulated to form a laser waveform, the laser waveform and the signal of the control terminal are input to the first optical beam forming network together, the first optical beam forming network outputs a transmitting optical beam, the transmitting optical beam forms a radio frequency output signal through the photoelectric conversion array, and the radio frequency output signal is transmitted by the millimeter wave antenna array through the radio frequency front end.
6. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system of claim 5, wherein said photoelectric conversion array comprises a plurality of sets of vertical grating couplers, a plurality of sets of Mach-Zehnder modulators and a plurality of sets of photodetectors, wherein said Mach-Zehnder modulators comprise a plurality of input ports, in particular port 1, port 3 and port 5;
The laser emitted by the first optical beam forming network is processed by a vertical grating coupler and then is input into a Mach-Zehnder modulator through a port 1, a radar echo input local oscillator radio frequency signal is input into the Mach-Zehnder modulator through a port 3, a port 5 is used for inputting a radio frequency clock signal, an optical comb is generated in a phase modulator in a 5-port branch of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is subjected to beat frequency by a photoelectric detector.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the radar receiving unit comprises an electro-optical conversion array, a second optical beam forming network and an optical channelizing network, wherein the electro-optical conversion array loads echo signals received by the millimeter wave antenna array onto optical carriers generated by the laser array to form received optical waveforms, the received optical waveforms and signals of the control terminal are input into the second optical beam forming network together, and the output optical signals are processed by the optical channelizing network to output radio frequency signals.
8. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system of claim 7, wherein said electro-optical conversion array comprises a plurality of sets of vertical grating couplers and Mach-Zehnder modulators, said Mach-Zehnder modulators comprising a plurality of input ports, in particular a first input port, a second input port and a third input port;
The laser emitted by the laser array is coupled to the chip through a vertical grating coupler, the output of the vertical grating coupler is input into a Mach-Zehnder modulator through a2 nd input port, the Mach-Zehnder modulator loads radio frequency signals onto a laser carrier, a first input port of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for inputting radar echo radio frequency signals output by the radio frequency front end, a third input port of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for inputting radio frequency clock signals, and the Mach-Zehnder modulator outputs received light waveforms.
9. The on-chip integrated millimeter wave optical common-aperture detection system of claim 7, wherein said optical channelized network comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier, an optical filter, an optical circulator, an optical splitter, a defective BRAGG grating waveguide, a microwave photon frequency conversion and a photodetector connected in sequence;
The semiconductor optical amplifier is used for amplifying an optical carrier wave to ensure the light intensity of later-stage light splitting, the optical filter is used for filtering noise of a non-working frequency band, the optical circulator is used for removing reflected light in an optical path, the optical splitter is used for channel light splitting, the defective BRAGG grating waveguide is used for selecting channel frequency points of the working frequency band through notch characteristics generated by a defect layer in a periodic structure, continuous frequency point notch can be obtained by adjusting parameters of the defect layer, microwave photon frequency conversion is used for secondary down-conversion processing, and the photoelectric detector is used for beat frequency and photoelectric conversion.
10. The on-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical co-aperture detection system of any of claims 1-9, further comprising a frequency source that provides clock information for a clocked port chip in the on-chip integrated millimeter-wave optical co-aperture detection system.
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