CN118783069B - A lumped power divider based on T-type equivalent circuit and its design method - Google Patents
A lumped power divider based on T-type equivalent circuit and its design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明设计了一种基于T型等效电路的集总功分器及其设计方法，集总功分器包括输入端口、两个输出端口以及两条支路；所述两条支路对称相同；所述两条支路的输入端与所述输入端口连接，所述两条支路的输出端与至少两个输出端口一一对应连接；一条所述支路至少包括第一阶电磁混合耦合的T型等效电路、第二阶T型等效电路和第三阶T型等效电路。通过上述设计保证功分器实现在各波段超宽带频段内的良好工作性能，电磁混合耦合的T型等效电路有效的拓展了带宽，采用电阻与电容进行隔离在工作频段内具有高隔离度、低插损、良好输入输出阻抗匹配性能，满足了现阶段市场需求。
The present invention designs a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit and a design method thereof, wherein the lumped power divider includes an input port, two output ports and two branches; the two branches are symmetrical and identical; the input ends of the two branches are connected to the input port, and the output ends of the two branches are connected to at least two output ports in a one-to-one correspondence; one of the branches includes at least a first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-type equivalent circuit, a second-order T-type equivalent circuit and a third-order T-type equivalent circuit. The above design ensures that the power divider achieves good working performance in each band of ultra-wideband frequency bands, the electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-type equivalent circuit effectively expands the bandwidth, and the use of resistors and capacitors for isolation has high isolation, low insertion loss, and good input and output impedance matching performance in the working frequency band, meeting the current market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lumped power divider based on a T-shaped equivalent circuit and a design method thereof, belonging to the field of microwave technology research.
Background
The power divider is a multiport microwave network that divides the input signal power into equal or unequal paths for output at a certain ratio. And the output ports are required to have enough isolation, so that the mutual influence between the output ports is avoided to realize the maximum power application. Is an indispensable passive device in modern microwave integrated circuits. The reverse effect can also synthesize a plurality of signals into one output, and the method is widely applied to phased array radars and other applications.
The Wilkinson power divider is the most common power divider with good performance, has wide application in practical radio frequency microwave communication systems, and can be generally divided into waveguide type, microstrip line type, coaxial line type and the like. The standard 3dB equal power division Wilkinson power divider is generally composed of two transmission lines with the electrical length of a heart frequency point in operation being one-fourth wavelength and an isolation resistor with the resistance value being twice the port impedance, and the characteristic impedance Z0 of the transmission lines is equal to the port impedance Z of the power dividerMultiple times.
The traditional halving power divider has the problems of larger area, narrower frequency band, poor performance in the working bandwidth and the like, so that the analysis and promotion of the miniaturized, high-performance and ultra-wideband power divider is a trend of future development and is a focus of attention at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lumped power divider based on a T-shaped equivalent circuit and a design method thereof, which realize ultra-wideband, low insertion loss and high isolation of a miniaturized power divider.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a lumped power divider based on a T-shaped equivalent circuit, which comprises an input port, two output ports and two branches, wherein the two branches are symmetrical and identical;
the input ends of the two branches are connected with the input ports, and the output ends of the two branches are connected with the two output ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the branch circuit at least comprises a first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-shaped equivalent circuit, a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit and a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit.
The design ensures that the power divider achieves good working performance in the ultra-wideband frequency bands of the C band, the X band and the Ku band, the T-shaped equivalent circuit of electromagnetic hybrid coupling effectively expands the bandwidth, and the resistor and the capacitor are adopted for isolation, so that the power divider has high isolation, low insertion loss and good input/output impedance matching performance in the working frequency band, and meets the market demand in the current stage.
Further, the T-type equivalent circuit of the first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling comprises two serially connected inductors L1 connected with the input port, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L1, and a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with two sides of the two serially connected inductors L1, wherein the capacitor C1 is grounded;
The second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L2 connected with the inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L2, and the capacitor C2 is grounded;
The third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L3 connected with the inductor L2 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L3, wherein the capacitor C3 is grounded, and the two serially connected inductors L3 are connected with the output port.
The effect produced by the arrangement is that the capacitor C1 is grounded in parallel between the two inductors L1 connected in series. C4 capacitors are connected in parallel at two ends to form a T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling. The inductor L1 is connected with the inductor L2, the two inductors L2 are connected in series, the middle parallel capacitor C2 is grounded to form a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, the inductor L2 is connected with the inductor L3, and the two inductors L3 are connected in series, the middle parallel capacitor C3 is grounded to form a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, so that the area of the power divider is reduced, the frequency band is widened, the working performance is improved, and the ultra-wideband, low insertion loss and high isolation of the miniaturized power divider are realized.
Further, a branch isolation structure is arranged between the two branches.
The arrangement has the effect that the branch isolation structure can improve the isolation degree of the power divider.
Furthermore, the inductance L1 and the inductance L2 of the two branches are isolated by adopting a resistor R1 and a capacitor C5 which are connected in series,
The inductance L2 and the inductance L3 of the two branches are isolated by adopting a resistor R2 and a capacitor C6 which are connected in series,
And a capacitor C7 is adopted between the inductances L3 of the two branches to realize isolation performance.
The two-stage isolation adopts series connection of the resistor and the capacitor to isolate, so that the problem that the original T-shaped equivalent circuit cannot achieve complete matching and energy loss of the port is solved, the impedance of the capacitor is increased at low frequency, the low-frequency isolation is adjusted while good isolation of a central frequency band in the working bandwidth is achieved, and the bandwidth is expanded.
And the last-order output circuit is isolated by adopting a capacitor, so that high isolation is realized, and meanwhile, output matching is regulated to obtain good return loss. So that the input port and the output port have good impedance matching performance.
The input port has good impedance matching performance, and the output port has good port impedance matching performance, which can be greater than 20dB. The power divider may achieve high isolation, which may be greater than 25dB.
Furthermore, the inductor adopts a high-impedance line, and the capacitor adopts an open-circuit branch.
The above arrangement has the effect that the power divider has a low-pass filter characteristic.
Further, the inductance L1, the inductance L2, and the inductance L 1,L2,L3 of the inductance L3 are calculated by the following formula:
;
;
;
In the formula, Indicating time constant, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line, calculated by the table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, and the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the electric length of the third section transmission line, the electric length value of theta 1、θ2 is one quarter of the wavelength of the microstrip line of the center frequency of the power divider, the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit,
Omega 1、ω2 is the angle frequency value corresponding to the working frequency of the center of the power divider of the second section transmission line and the third section transmission line respectively.
Further, the capacitance values C 1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7 of the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6, and the capacitor C7 are calculated by the following formula:
In the formula, Indicating time constant, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line, calculated by the table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, and the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the electrical length of the third section transmission line, the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit,
Omega, omega 1、ω2 are the corresponding angular frequency values of the power divider center working frequencies of the first section transmission line, the second section transmission line and the third section transmission line respectively.
Further, the resistance values R 1,R2 of the isolation resistor R1 and the isolation resistor R2 are calculated by the following formula:
In the formula, Indicating time constant, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line, calculated by the table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electric length of the second section transmission line, the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, the electric length value of theta 1、θ2 is lambda/4 wavelength of the center frequency of the power divider,
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the third section transmission line electrical length, and the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design method of a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
A T-type equivalent circuit is used instead of each section of lambda/4 microstrip line of the third-order LC lumped element.
Further, the method for replacing each section of lambda/4 microstrip line of the third-order LC lumped element by using the T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises the following steps:
a first-order LC matching circuit of a third-order LC lumped element is designed to replace a quarter-wavelength microstrip line by adopting a corresponding T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling;
a second-order T-type equivalent circuit and a third-order T-type equivalent circuit are adopted for the second-order LC matching circuit and the third-order LC matching circuit of the third-order LC lumped element to replace microstrip lines;
The first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L1 connected with an input port of a total power divider, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L1, and a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with two sides of the serially connected inductors L1, wherein the capacitor C1 is grounded;
The second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L2 connected with an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L2, wherein the capacitor C2 is grounded;
The third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L3 connected with the inductor L2 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L3, wherein the capacitor C3 is grounded, and the two serially connected inductors L3 are connected with an output port of the lumped power divider.
The arrangement has the advantages that the input matching is better regulated by combining the advantages of the pi-type equivalent structure and the T-type equivalent structure, and the transmission characteristic curve is more in line with an ideal transmission model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, through the design, the power divider realizes good working performance in the ultra-wideband frequency bands of the C band, the X band and the Ku band, the bandwidth of the T-shaped equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic hybrid coupling is effectively expanded, and the T-shaped equivalent circuit is isolated by adopting the resistor and the capacitor, so that the T-shaped equivalent circuit has high isolation, low insertion loss and good input/output impedance matching performance in the working frequency band, and meets the market demand in the current stage.
The three ports of the power divider have good impedance matching performance at the center frequency, the output port has good isolation characteristic in the working bandwidth of the ultra-wideband, and has the characteristic of low insertion loss, and the power divider realizes ultra-wideband and high performance while meeting miniaturization, and has good development prospect.
The inductor used in the invention adopts a high-impedance line, and the capacitor adopts an open circuit branch knot, so that the inductor has low-pass filtering characteristics. The circuit design uses a capacitive branch loading technology and a multi-section quarter-wavelength transmission line cascading technology to effectively improve the miniaturization and bandwidth capacity of the power divider.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology design diagram of a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout design of the present invention in electromagnetic simulation software ADS software.
Fig. 3 is an example simulation result 1 in electromagnetic simulation software.
Fig. 4 is an example simulation result 2 in electromagnetic simulation software.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a basic third-order LC lumped element.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
The invention designs an ultra-wideband one-to-two power divider topological structure suitable for C, X, ku wave bands and a design method thereof. The power divider is a total power divider composed of a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor. The third-order LC resonance network is connected in series to form a main loop, and the capacitor and the resistor are connected in series to isolate. The three ports of the power divider have good impedance matching performance at the center frequency, the output port has good isolation characteristic in the working bandwidth of the ultra-wideband, and has the characteristic of low insertion loss, and the power divider realizes ultra-wideband and high performance while meeting miniaturization, and has good development prospect.
The invention discloses a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit, the basic structural form of which is shown IN figure 1, three ports of the design of the power divider provided by the invention all have good impedance matching characteristics, and two output ports are mutually isolated (IN represents an input port and OUT represents an output port IN the figure). The circuit structure is divided into two paths by an input port, the upper and lower parts of the two paths are completely identical and symmetrical, and a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel between two inductors L1 connected in series at first and grounded. C4 capacitors are connected in parallel at two ends to form a T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling. The inductor L1 is connected with the inductor L2, the two inductors L2 are connected in series, the middle parallel capacitor C2 is grounded to form a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, the inductor L2 is connected with the inductor L3, and the two inductors L3 are connected in series, the middle parallel capacitor C3 is grounded to form a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit.
The upper and lower branches of the isolation 1 order are connected in series with a capacitor C5 for isolation between the inductor L1 and the inductor L2, the upper and lower branches of the isolation 2 order are connected in series with a capacitor C6 for isolation between the inductor L2 and the inductor L3, and the capacitor C7 is adopted for isolation 3 order between the upper and lower branches of the inductor L3 to realize isolation performance;
The upper branch and the lower branch are strictly symmetrical to maximally realize equal phase power equal division, reduce interaction of electromagnetic fields of the two branches, and avoid performance deterioration caused by parasitic coupling effect. The reflected power of the input port is reduced to the greatest extent, and the matching voltages of the output ports are kept equal and in phase.
The design element parameter value is calculated by the following formula:
In the formula, In such a circuit, when a constant current flows, the time required for the terminal voltage of the capacitor to reach 1 to 1/e of the maximum value (equal to IR), that is, about 0.63 times, is the time constantAnd when the circuit is opened, the time constant is the time required for the terminal voltage of the capacitor to reach 1/e of the maximum value.
Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line (each element value of the equivalent circuit is calculated according to the most basic transmission line structure), the value is 86.98 ohms through calculation by a power divider performance parameter table lookup method, θ is the quarter wavelength of the electric length of the first section transmission line (the three electric lengths θ, θ 1,θ2 are the same), the electric length is the quarter wavelength of the center frequency (the middle value of the working frequency band of the design power divider), the first section transmission line is replaced by a T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling (the performance of the first section transmission line can be replaced by the T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling to achieve the same effect), and the values of the inductor L1, the capacitor C4 and the capacitor C5 can be obtained through calculation.
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line which is 70.71 ohms, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, and the values of the inductance L2, the capacitance C2 and the capacitance C6 can be obtained through calculation.
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line is 50.49 ohms, θ 2 is the electric length of the third section transmission line, in this formula, the values of the three electric lengths are consistent because the working center frequencies are consistent, the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit, and the values of the inductance L3, the capacitance C3 and the capacitance C7 can be obtained through calculation.
Omega and omega 1、ω2 are angle frequency values corresponding to the center working frequencies of the power dividers of the first section of transmission line, the second section of transmission line and the third section of transmission line respectively, and are equal to 2 pi f and are related to the design working frequency f of the power dividers.
The input port has good impedance matching performance, and the output port has good port impedance matching performance, which is more than 20dB. The power divider can realize high isolation of more than 25dB.
And replacing each section of lambda/4 microstrip line of the power divider by a corresponding T-shaped equivalent circuit structure of electromagnetic hybrid coupling.
The capacitive branch loading technology is adopted, a capacitor C1 is connected in series between two identical inductors L1 and grounded, two ends of the two identical inductors are connected in parallel with a capacitor C4, a capacitor C2 is connected in series between two identical inductors L2 and grounded, and a capacitor C3 is connected in series between two identical inductors L3 and grounded.
The invention applies a multi-section quarter-wavelength transmission line cascading technology, and a first section lambda/4 microstrip line (quarter-wavelength microstrip line) is replaced by an electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-type equivalent circuit structure inductor L1 and capacitors C1 and C4. The second section lambda/4 microstrip line is replaced by a T-shaped equivalent circuit structure inductor L2 and a capacitor C2. The third section lambda/4 microstrip line is replaced by a T-shaped equivalent circuit structure, an inductor L3 and a capacitor C3.
The inductor adopts a high-impedance line, and the capacitor adopts an open-circuit branch, so that the inductor has a low-pass filtering characteristic.
Embodiment one:
The embodiment provides a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit, and particularly provides a one-to-two power divider which uses a center frequency of 9GHz as an index and is applied to 5GHz to 13GHz, wherein the working bandwidth is 8GHz. The isolation part is designed to be isolated by adopting series connection of a resistor and a capacitor, so that the problem that the original T-shaped equivalent circuit cannot achieve complete matching and energy loss of the port is solved, the impedance of the capacitor is increased at low frequency, the low-frequency isolation is adjusted while the good isolation of a central frequency band in the working bandwidth is realized, and the bandwidth is expanded. And the last-order output circuit is isolated by adopting a capacitor, and good return loss is obtained by adjusting output matching while realizing high isolation. So that the input port and the output port have good impedance matching performance.
The invention designs a third-order LC lumped element combined T-shaped equivalent circuit to replace original lambda/4 microstrip line (quarter-wavelength microstrip line) of each section.
The first-order LC matching circuit adopts a corresponding electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-shaped equivalent circuit structure to replace a lambda/4 microstrip line. The second and third orders adopt ideal transmission line T-type equivalent circuit to replace microstrip line to combine pi-type equivalent structure and T-type equivalent structure, so that the input matching is better regulated, and the transmission characteristic curve is more consistent with the ideal transmission model.
In the design, the inductor adopts a high-impedance line, and the capacitor adopts an open-circuit branch knot, so that the inductor has a low-pass filtering characteristic. The bandwidth can be effectively expanded by adopting a capacitive branch loading technology and a multi-section quarter-wavelength transmission line cascading technology.
With reference to fig. 1 and 3, the simulation result of the electromagnetic simulation software ADS software is used for verification in this embodiment, and it is proposed that the center frequency is 9GHz and is used as an index for a one-to-two power divider from 5GHz to 13GHz, and the working bandwidth is 8GHz.
Fig. 3 is an example simulation result 1 of an operating bandwidth of 8GHz of a one-to-two power divider applied to 5GHz to 13GHz with a center frequency of 9GHz as an index in electromagnetic simulation software.
In fig. 3, the abscissa indicates frequencies, and the ordinate indicates simulation results of performance indexes of the power divider at each frequency in decibels (dB);
In the four line segments in fig. 3, S (2, 2) is the output return loss, which is the reflection generated by the impedance mismatch of the output cable link, and is the reflection of a pair of lines. The return loss is the ratio of the reflected wave power to the incident wave power at the transmission line port.
S (1, 1) is the input return loss, which is the reflection of the input cable link due to impedance mismatch, and is the reflection of the pair of wires themselves. The return loss is the ratio of the reflected wave power to the incident wave power at the transmission line port.
S (2, 3) is isolation, namely, the interference suppression performance realized by reducing the influence of various interferences on the receiver as much as possible.
S (2, 1) is the insertion loss, which refers to the loss of load power that occurs somewhere in the transmission system due to the insertion of a component or device, and is expressed as the ratio of the power received on the load before insertion of the component or device to the power received on the same load after insertion in decibels.
Figures 3-4 show that the power divider has good performance, and the structure can achieve miniaturization and high isolation, low insertion loss and good impedance matching in an ultra-wideband working frequency band.
With reference to fig. 1 and 3, the simulation result of the electromagnetic simulation software ADS software is used for verification in this embodiment, and it is proposed that the center frequency is 9GHz and is used as an index for a one-to-two power divider from 5GHz to 13GHz, and the working bandwidth is 8GHz. Through the element parameter calculation of the invention, the simulation circuit chip is miniaturized to 2.2mm by 1.5mm. In the ultra-wideband working bandwidth, S (2, 3) shows that the isolation is larger than 27dB, S (1, 1) shows that the input return loss is larger than 20dB, S (2, 2) shows that the output return loss is larger than 20dB, and S (2, 1) shows that the insertion loss is about 1dB in the working frequency band. Good performance is achieved in the ultra wideband of operation. An example layout design is shown in fig. 2, and simulation results are shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 3 shows that the power divider has good performances, and the structure can achieve miniaturization and high isolation, low insertion loss and good impedance matching in an ultra-wideband working frequency band.
Embodiment two:
the embodiment provides a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit, and particularly provides a one-to-two power divider which uses a center frequency of 12GHz as an index and is applied to 6GHz to 18GHz, wherein the working bandwidth of the one-to-two power divider is 12GHz.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 4, the simulation result of the electromagnetic simulation software ADS software is used for verification in this embodiment, and it is proposed that the center frequency is 12GHz and is used as an index for the one-to-two power divider from 6GHz to 18GHz, and the working bandwidth is 12GHz.
Fig. 4 is an example simulation result 2 of an electromagnetic simulation software, in which the center frequency is 12GHz and the operating bandwidth is 12GHz, for a one-to-two power divider applied to 6GHz to 18 GHz.
In fig. 4, the abscissa indicates frequencies, and the ordinate indicates simulation results of performance indexes of the power divider at each frequency in decibels (dB);
In the four line segments in fig. 4, S (2, 2) is the output return loss, which is the reflection generated by the impedance mismatch of the output cable link, and is the reflection of a pair of lines. The return loss is the ratio of the reflected wave power to the incident wave power at the transmission line port.
S (1, 1) is the input return loss, which is the reflection of the input cable link due to impedance mismatch, and is the reflection of the pair of wires themselves. The return loss is the ratio of the reflected wave power to the incident wave power at the transmission line port.
S (2, 3) is isolation, namely, the interference suppression performance realized by reducing the influence of various interferences on the receiver as much as possible.
S (2, 1) is the insertion loss, which refers to the loss of load power that occurs somewhere in the transmission system due to the insertion of a component or device, and is expressed as the ratio of the power received on the load before insertion of the component or device to the power received on the same load after insertion in decibels.
Figures 3-4 show that the power divider has good performance, and the structure can achieve miniaturization and high isolation, low insertion loss and good impedance matching in an ultra-wideband working frequency band.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 4, the simulation result of the electromagnetic simulation software ADS software is used for verification in this embodiment, and it is proposed that the center frequency is 12GHz and is used as an index for the one-to-two power divider from 6GHz to 18GHz, and the working bandwidth is 12GHz. By the calculation of the parameters of the elements of the design specification, the simulation circuit chip is miniaturized to 2.1mm by 1.3mm. S (2, 3) shows that the isolation is larger than 23dB, S (1, 1) shows that the input return loss is larger than 18dB, S (2, 2) shows that the output return loss is larger than 20dB, and S (2, 1) shows that the insertion loss is about 1dB in the working frequency band in the ultra-wideband working bandwidth. Good performance is achieved in the ultra wideband of operation. An example layout design is shown in fig. 2, and simulation results are shown in fig. 4.
Embodiment III:
the embodiment provides a design method of a lumped power divider based on a T-type equivalent circuit, which comprises the following steps:
A T-type equivalent circuit is used instead of each section of lambda/4 microstrip line (quarter-wavelength microstrip line) of the third-order LC lumped element. A common third order LC lumped element is shown in fig. 5.
The method for replacing each section of lambda/4 microstrip line of the third-order LC lumped element by using the T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises the following steps:
a first-order LC matching circuit of a third-order LC lumped element is designed to replace a lambda/4 microstrip line by adopting a corresponding T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling;
a second-order T-type equivalent circuit and a third-order T-type equivalent circuit are adopted for the second-order LC matching circuit and the third-order LC matching circuit of the third-order LC lumped element to replace microstrip lines;
The first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L1 connected with an input port of a total power divider, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L1, and a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with two sides of the serially connected inductors L1, wherein the capacitor C1 is grounded;
The second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L2 connected with the inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L2, and the capacitor C2 is grounded;
The third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L3 connected with the inductor L2 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L3, wherein the capacitor C3 is grounded, and the two serially connected inductors L3 are connected with an output port of the lumped power divider.
The design method of the embodiment combines the advantages of the pi-type equivalent structure and the T-type equivalent structure to better regulate input matching, and the transmission characteristic curve is more in line with an ideal transmission model.
The inductor used in the invention adopts a high-impedance line, and the capacitor adopts an open circuit branch knot, so that the inductor has low-pass filtering characteristics. The circuit design uses a capacitive branch loading technology and a multi-section quarter-wavelength transmission line cascading technology to effectively improve the miniaturization and bandwidth capacity of the power divider.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature, and in the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically and clearly defined.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected, mechanically connected or electrically connected, directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediaries, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The lumped power divider based on the T-shaped equivalent circuit is characterized by comprising an input port, two output ports and two branches, wherein the two branches are symmetrical and identical;
the input ends of the two branches are connected with the input ports, and the output ends of the two branches are connected with the two output ports in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The branch circuit comprises a first-order electromagnetic hybrid-coupled T-shaped equivalent circuit, a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit and a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
The T-shaped equivalent circuit of the first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling comprises two serially connected inductors L1 connected with the input port, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L1 and a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with two ends of the serially connected inductors L1, wherein the capacitor C1 is grounded;
The second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L2 connected with the inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L2, and the capacitor C2 is grounded;
The third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L3 connected with the inductor L2 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L3, wherein the capacitor C3 is grounded, and the two serially connected inductors L3 are connected with the output port.
2. The lumped power divider based on the T-type equivalent circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein a branch isolation structure is arranged between the two branches;
The two branches are isolated between the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 by adopting a resistor R1 and a capacitor C5 which are connected in series,
The two branches are isolated between the inductor L2 and the inductor L3 by adopting a resistor R2 and a capacitor C6 which are connected in series,
The two branches adopt a capacitor C7 between the inductor L3 and the output port to realize isolation performance.
3. The T-type equivalent circuit based lumped power divider as recited in claim 2 wherein all inductors use high impedance lines and all capacitors use open circuit stubs.
4. The T-type equivalent circuit based lumped power divider of claim 2, wherein the inductance L1, the inductance L2, the inductance L3, and the inductance value L 1,L2,L3 are calculated by the following formula:
;
;
;
In the formula, Indicating time constant, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line, calculated by the table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, and the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the electrical length of the third section transmission line, the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit,
Omega 1、ω2 is the angle frequency value corresponding to the working frequency of the center of the power divider of the second section transmission line and the third section transmission line respectively.
5. The T-type equivalent circuit based lumped power divider of claim 4 wherein the capacitance values C 1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7 of the capacitances C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 are calculated by the following equation:
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
In the formula, Indicating time constant, Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section transmission line, calculated by the table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, and the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the electrical length of the third section transmission line, the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit,
Omega, omega 1、ω2 are the corresponding angular frequency values of the power divider center working frequencies of the first section transmission line, the second section transmission line and the third section transmission line respectively.
6. The T-type equivalent circuit based lumped power divider of claim 4 wherein the resistance R1, the resistance R 1,R2 of the resistor R2 is calculated by:
;
;
Wherein Z 0 is the characteristic impedance of the first section of transmission line, which is calculated by a table look-up method of the performance parameters of the power divider,
Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the second section transmission line, theta 1 is the electrical length of the second section transmission line, and the second section transmission line is replaced by a second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit;
Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the third section transmission line, theta 2 is the third section transmission line electrical length, and the third section transmission line is replaced by a third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit.
7. A method of designing a T-type equivalent circuit based lumped power divider as recited in any one of claims 1-6 comprising the steps of:
using a T-shaped equivalent circuit to replace each section of quarter-wavelength microstrip line of the third-order LC lumped element;
the method for replacing each section of quarter-wavelength microstrip line of the third-order LC lumped element by using the T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises the following steps:
a corresponding T-shaped equivalent circuit of first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling is adopted for a first-order LC matching circuit of a third-order LC lumped element to replace a quarter-wavelength microstrip line;
a second-order T-type equivalent circuit and a third-order T-type equivalent circuit are adopted for the second-order LC matching circuit and the third-order LC matching circuit of the third-order LC lumped element to replace microstrip lines;
The first-order electromagnetic hybrid coupling T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L1 connected with an input port of a total power divider, a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L1, and a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with two sides of the serially connected inductors L1, wherein the capacitor C1 is grounded;
The second-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L2 connected with an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L2, wherein the capacitor C2 is grounded;
The third-order T-shaped equivalent circuit comprises two serially connected inductors L3 connected with the inductor L2 and a capacitor C3 connected in parallel with the middle of the two serially connected inductors L3, wherein the capacitor C3 is grounded, and the two serially connected inductors L3 are connected with an output port of the lumped power divider.
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