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CN118817512B - Equipment for detecting surface hardness of ceramic grinding wheel - Google Patents

Equipment for detecting surface hardness of ceramic grinding wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118817512B
CN118817512B CN202411313200.2A CN202411313200A CN118817512B CN 118817512 B CN118817512 B CN 118817512B CN 202411313200 A CN202411313200 A CN 202411313200A CN 118817512 B CN118817512 B CN 118817512B
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grinding wheel
cylinder
impact
wall
wheel body
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CN118817512A (en
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王长征
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Jiangsu Gedaokede Abrasives Co ltd
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Jiangsu Gedaokede Abrasives Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
    • G01N3/48Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under impulsive load by indentors, e.g. falling ball
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/001Impulsive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0076Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及硬度检测领域的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,在对砂轮本体进行硬度检测时,利用电磁线圈驱动带有第二磁环的冲击杆对砂轮本体进行冲击,并通过调节电磁线圈电流大小改变冲击杆的冲击动能,使得单次冲击动能可调可控,减小对砂轮本体的表面挤压损伤;同时,利用与承载盘联动的棘轮齿轮的单向传动,实现砂轮本体周期性的转动设定角度,使得冲击杆的冲击检测点在砂轮本体上呈圆周等距分布,实现砂轮本体的均匀变形,降低砂轮本体检测报废率,另外,通过电动伸缩缸和电磁线圈的配合,实现自动多点冲击取样,提高检测的自动化水平和准确性。

The invention relates to a device for testing the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel in the field of hardness testing. When the hardness of a grinding wheel body is tested, an electromagnetic coil is used to drive an impact rod with a second magnetic ring to impact the grinding wheel body, and the impact kinetic energy of the impact rod is changed by adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil, so that the single impact kinetic energy is adjustable and controllable, thereby reducing the surface extrusion damage to the grinding wheel body. At the same time, the one-way transmission of a ratchet gear linked to a carrier plate is used to realize the periodic rotation setting angle of the grinding wheel body, so that the impact detection points of the impact rod are equidistantly distributed on the grinding wheel body, thereby realizing uniform deformation of the grinding wheel body and reducing the scrap rate of the grinding wheel body. In addition, automatic multi-point impact sampling is realized through the cooperation of an electric telescopic cylinder and an electromagnetic coil, thereby improving the automation level and accuracy of the detection.

Description

Equipment for detecting surface hardness of ceramic grinding wheel
Technical Field
The invention relates to ceramic grinding wheel detection equipment, in particular to equipment for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel, which is applied to the field of hardness detection.
Background
In the production process of the ceramic grinding wheel, quality control is important, and in order to ensure that the grinding effect of the grinding wheel reaches the standard, a finished product needs to be subjected to strict sampling detection, wherein hardness detection is one of key links, and the quality of the grinding wheel is ensured, and high efficiency and stability of the grinding wheel in practical application are also ensured.
The hardness of the existing ceramic grinding wheel is generally detected by adopting a sand blasting hardness machine, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is detected through the pit depth formed on the surface of the grinding wheel by the sprayed high-speed sand flow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing ceramic grinding wheel hardness detection equipment is easy to damage the detected ceramic grinding wheel in a scrapped way.
The invention provides equipment for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel, which comprises a base, wherein a bearing disc for loading the grinding wheel body is arranged above the base, an adjustable Lev hardness tester which is abutted to the side wall of the grinding wheel body is arranged on the right side of the bearing disc, a movable frame is rotatably connected with the bearing disc through a bearing shaft, the movable frame is connected with an electric telescopic cylinder which drives the movable frame to transversely move, the bearing shaft is fixedly sleeved with a worm wheel, the worm wheel is meshed with a worm which extends below the movable frame and is rotatably connected with the movable frame, the lower end of the worm is fixedly connected with a ratchet gear, the ratchet gear is meshed with a toothed rail which is fixedly connected with the base, the adjustable Lev hardness tester comprises a cylinder body, the front end of the cylinder body is nested with a guide cylinder, an induction coil group is sleeved outside the guide cylinder, an impact rod which is used for impacting the grinding wheel body is penetrated through, the left side part of the impact rod is fixedly sleeved with a first magnetic ring which is matched with the induction coil group, the right end of the impact rod is fixedly connected with a second magnetic ring, the second outer side of the impact rod is sleeved with an electromagnetic accelerating tube which is fixedly arranged on the right side of the guide cylinder, the electromagnetic accelerating tube is meshed with the second magnetic ring, the electromagnetic coil is fixedly connected with the electromagnetic coil which is matched with the second magnetic ring, and the induction coil and the electromagnetic coil is electrically connected with a controller.
In the equipment for detecting the surface hardness of the ceramic grinding wheel, through the ratchet gear linked with the bearing disc and the impact rod driven by the electromagnetic coil, the impact kinetic energy of the impact rod is convenient to adjust, the impact sampling points are uniformly distributed, and damage to the grinding wheel body during hardness detection is reduced.
As a further improvement of the application, the guide cylinder is provided with a hollow cavity for the impact rod to transversely slide, the outer wall of the guide cylinder is provided with a plurality of groups of injection holes which are communicated with the hollow cavity and are circumferentially distributed, the inner ends of the injection holes are communicated with the hollow cavity, the outer side of the guide cylinder, which is positioned at the injection hole part, is fixedly sleeved with an air injection cylinder, the air injection cylinder is communicated with a piston cylinder arranged on the right side of the electromagnetic accelerating tube through the air injection pipe, the right end of the piston cylinder is communicated with an air extraction filter cover through a pipeline, a piston is nested in the piston cylinder, the right end of the piston is abutted with a reset spring nested in the piston cylinder, and the left end of the piston extends into the electromagnetic accelerating tube.
As a further improvement of the application, the movable frame is in abutting sliding connection with the toothed rail, the toothed rail is provided with clamping teeth which are distributed linearly at equal intervals and matched with the ratchet gear, and the end part of the electric telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected with the base through the vertical plate.
As a further improvement of the application, the ratchet gear comprises a pawl disc fixedly connected with the worm and a ratchet tooth ring rotationally sleeved on the outer side of the pawl disc and meshed with the toothed rail, the pawl disc is hinged with a pawl, the outer wall of the ratchet tooth ring is provided with a latch, and the inner wall of the ratchet tooth ring is provided with a pawl groove matched with the pawl.
As a further improvement of the application, the impact rod is a cylindrical rod with the front end of the impact rod being in a hemispherical shape, the first magnetic ring is an annular permanent magnet, and the outer diameter of the first magnetic ring is equal to that of the impact rod.
As a further improvement of the application, the guide cylinder is fixedly connected with the end part of the cylinder body in a threaded connection mode, the electromagnetic accelerating tube is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body, the second magnetic ring is an annular permanent magnet, the outer wall of the second magnetic ring is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the electromagnetic accelerating tube, and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring is larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder.
As a further improvement of the application, the connecting part of the gas injection pipe and the gas extraction filter cover and the piston cylinder is provided with a one-way valve, the gas extraction filter cover is arranged on the outer wall of the right side of the cylinder body, and the two ends of the piston are disc-shaped and the middle part of the piston is cylindrical.
As a further improvement of the application, the gas injection cylinder is an annular cylinder with the inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder, an annular cavity communicated with the injection hole is formed between the inner wall of the gas injection cylinder and the outer wall of the guide cylinder, the injection hole is a columnar hole inclined rightwards, and the extension line of the injection hole is intersected with the central axis of the impact rod.
In summary, when hardness of the grinding wheel body is detected, the impact rod with the second magnetic ring is driven by the electromagnetic coil to impact the grinding wheel body, the impact kinetic energy of the impact rod is changed by adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil, so that the single impact kinetic energy is adjustable and controllable, the surface extrusion damage to the grinding wheel body is reduced, meanwhile, the periodic rotation setting angle of the grinding wheel body is realized by the unidirectional transmission of the ratchet gear linked with the bearing disc, the impact detection points of the impact rod are distributed on the grinding wheel body at equal intervals in circumference, the uniform deformation of the grinding wheel body is realized, the detection rejection rate of the grinding wheel body is reduced, in addition, the automatic multipoint impact sampling is realized by the cooperation of the electric telescopic cylinder and the electromagnetic coil, and the automation level and the accuracy of detection are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an assembled structure of a ratchet gear according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an adjustable Brinell hardness tester according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adjustable Brinell hardness tester according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure shown at A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an exploded assembly of an impact beam according to the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guide cylinder according to the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the impact rod and the electromagnetic accelerating tube according to the present application;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure shown at B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the communication between the gas injection tube and the piston cylinder in the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic view showing a state of the air flow blowing chip in the present application.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
1. The device comprises a base, 2, a bearing disc, 3, a bearing shaft, 4, a moving frame, 5, a worm wheel, 6, a worm, 7, a ratchet gear, 701, a pawl disc, 702, a ratchet ring, 8, a toothed rail, 9, an electric telescopic cylinder, 10, a grinding wheel body, 11, an adjustable Brinell hardness tester, 12, a cylinder body, 13, an impact rod, 14, a first magnetic ring, 15, a second magnetic ring, 16, a guide cylinder, 1601, a hollow cavity, 1602, an injection hole, 17, an induction coil group, 18, an electromagnetic accelerating tube, 19, an electromagnetic coil, 20, a controller, 21, a piston cylinder, 22, a piston, 23, a return spring, 24, an air extraction filter cover, 25, an air injection tube, 26 and an air injection cylinder.
Detailed Description
2 Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1-8 show equipment for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel, which comprises a base 1, wherein a bearing disc 2 for loading a grinding wheel body 10 is arranged above the base 1, an adjustable Brinell hardness tester 11 which is abutted against the side wall of the grinding wheel body 10 is arranged on the right side of the bearing disc 2, a movable frame 4 is rotatably connected with the bearing disc 2 through a bearing shaft 3, an electric telescopic cylinder 9 which drives the movable frame 4 to transversely move is connected with the movable frame 4, a worm wheel 5 is fixedly sleeved on the bearing shaft 3, the worm wheel 5 is meshed with a worm 6 which extends below the movable frame 4 and is rotatably connected with the movable frame 4, a ratchet gear 7 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the worm 6, and a toothed rail 8 fixedly connected with the base 1 is meshed with the ratchet gear 7;
The adjustable Lei hardness tester 11 comprises a barrel 12, a guide barrel 16 is nested at the front end of the barrel 12, an induction coil group 17 is sleeved outside the guide barrel 16, an impact rod 13 used for impacting the grinding wheel body 10 penetrates through the guide barrel 16, a first magnetic ring 14 matched with the induction coil group 17 is fixedly sleeved on the left part of the impact rod 13, a second magnetic ring 15 is fixedly connected to the right end of the impact rod 13, an electromagnetic accelerating tube 18 installed on the right side of the guide barrel 16 is sleeved outside the second magnetic ring 15, an electromagnetic coil 19 matched with the second magnetic ring 15 is nested in the shell wall of the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18, and both the induction coil group 17 and the electromagnetic coil 19 are electrically connected with a controller 20.
Specifically, when the hardness of the grinding wheel body 10 is detected, the method includes the steps of:
Step one, starting an electric telescopic cylinder 9, so that a movable frame 4 drives a grinding wheel body 10 arranged on the movable frame to move rightwards to be abutted with the end part of an adjustable hardness tester 11;
Step two, starting an electromagnetic coil 19 through a controller 20, wherein a magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 19 pushes a second magnetic ring 15 at the tail end of an impact rod 13 to move, the second magnetic ring 15 pushes the impact rod 13 to punch a guide cylinder 16 to collide with a grinding wheel body 10, and after the impact, the impact rod 13 returns to the cylinder 12 to realize single hardness detection;
it should be noted that, the induction coil set 17 includes a pair of induction coils disposed along an axial direction of the guide cylinder 16, the first magnetic ring 14 is driven to pass through a pair of induction coils by a time difference when the first magnetic ring 14 receives an impact to calculate an impact speed of the impact rod 13, and similarly, the rebound speed of the impact rod 13 is calculated by a time difference when the impact rod 13 rebounds to pass through a pair of induction coils after impacting, so as to calculate and obtain a brinell hardness value, the induction coil set 17 obtains the impact speed and the rebound speed and then calculates the brinell hardness value as in the prior art, which is not described in detail in the present application;
step three, starting an electric telescopic cylinder 9, wherein the electric telescopic cylinder 9 drives a movable frame 4 and a grinding wheel body 10 arranged on the movable frame to move leftwards and away from an adjustable brinell hardness tester 11, in the process of leftwards moving, a ratchet gear 7 rolls on a toothed rail 8 to drive a worm 6 to rotate, the worm 6 drives a bearing shaft 3 and a bearing disc 2 to rotate through a worm wheel 5, the bearing disc 2 drives the grinding wheel body 10 to rotate, and after a set rotation angle is reached, the electric telescopic cylinder 9 drives the movable frame 4 and the grinding wheel body 10 arranged on the movable frame 4 to move rightwards until the movable frame is contacted with the adjustable brinell hardness tester 11 again, and in the process of rightwards moving, the ratchet gear 7 cannot drive the worm 6 to rotate, and the self-locking effect of the worm wheel 5 and the worm 6 is utilized to realize the fixation of the grinding wheel body 10;
and step four, repeating the step two and the step three, and controlling the angle of each rotation and the total rotation times of the grinding wheel body 10 by controlling the left-moving distance and the left-moving times of the electric telescopic cylinder 9 each time, so that the impact detection points are distributed at equal intervals in circumference.
Compared with the traditional ceramic grinding wheel hardness detection device, the device has the advantages that when the hardness of the grinding wheel body 10 is detected through the ratchet gear 7 in linkage with the bearing disc 2 and the impact rod 13 driven by the electromagnetic coil 19, the impact rod 13 with the end part fixed with the second magnetic ring 15 is driven by the electromagnetic coil 19 to move and impact, so that the impact kinetic energy of the impact rod 13 is changed by changing the current of the electromagnetic coil 19, the single impact kinetic energy is adjustable and controllable, the surface extrusion damage to the grinding wheel body 10 is reduced, meanwhile, the periodic rotation setting angle of the grinding wheel body 10 is realized through the unidirectional transmission of the ratchet gear 7 in linkage with the bearing disc 2, the impact detection points generated by the impact of the impact rod 13 are circumferentially distributed on the grinding wheel body 10 at equal intervals, the uniform deformation of the grinding wheel body 10 is realized, the detection rejection rate of the grinding wheel body 10 is reduced, in addition, the automatic multipoint impact sampling is realized through the cooperation of the electric telescopic cylinder 9 and the electromagnetic coil 19, and the automatic level and the accuracy of detection are improved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the moving rack 4 is in abutting sliding with a toothed rail 8, the toothed rail 8 is provided with teeth which are distributed linearly at equal intervals and matched with a ratchet gear 7, and the end part of an electric telescopic cylinder 9 is fixedly connected with the base 1 through a vertical plate.
Specifically, the movable frame 4 and the ratchet gear 7 have better stability in transverse movement.
Referring to fig. 2, the ratchet gear 7 includes a pawl disc 701 fixedly connected with the worm 6, and a ratchet ring gear 702 rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the pawl disc 701 and meshed with the rack 8, wherein pawls are hinged on the pawl disc 701, and the outer wall of the ratchet ring gear 702 is provided with latch teeth and the inner wall of the ratchet ring gear is provided with pawl grooves matched with the pawls.
Specifically, unidirectional transmission of the ratchet gear 7 is realized.
Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the impact rod 13 is a cylindrical rod with a hemispherical front end impact surface, and the first magnetic ring 14 is an annular permanent magnet and has an outer diameter equal to that of the impact rod 13.
Specifically, the impact surface of the impact rod 13 is a hemispherical surface, so that the extrusion damage of the impact rod 13 to the grinding wheel body 10 is further reduced.
Referring to fig. 4 and 8, the guiding tube 16 is fixedly connected with the end of the cylinder 12 in a threaded connection manner, the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder 12, the second magnetic ring 15 is an annular permanent magnet, the outer wall of the second magnetic ring is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18, and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the guiding tube 16.
Specifically, stability of the impact rod 13 during impact and rebound is improved through the guide cylinder 16, the impact rod 13 and the second magnetic ring 15 are limited, and the impact rod 13 is prevented from falling off after the electromagnetic coil 19 is powered off.
Embodiment 2:
Fig. 4, fig. 7 and fig. 9-11 show a device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel, on the basis of the 1 st embodiment, a hollow cavity 1601 for the impact rod 13 to transversely slide is formed in a guide cylinder 16, a plurality of groups of injection holes 1602 which are communicated with the hollow cavity 1601 and distributed circumferentially are formed in the outer wall of the guide cylinder 16, the inner ends of the injection holes 1602 are communicated with the hollow cavity 1601, an air injection cylinder 26 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the injection holes 1602 of the guide cylinder 16, the air injection cylinder 26 is communicated with a piston cylinder 21 installed on the right side of an electromagnetic accelerating tube 18 through an air injection pipe 25, the right end of the piston cylinder 21 is communicated with an air extraction filter cover 24 through a pipeline, a piston 22 is nested in the piston cylinder 21, the right end of the piston is abutted against a reset spring 23 nested in the piston cylinder 21, and the left end of the piston 22 extends into the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18.
Specifically, referring to fig. 11, when the impact rod 13 is impacted and rebounded and then enters the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18 and extrudes the piston 22 therein, the extrusion is performed in the reset spring 23, so as to realize the rebound unloading force of the impact rod 13 and reduce the impact of the impact rod 13 on the cylinder 12, meanwhile, the piston 22 compresses the air flow in the piston cylinder 21, so that the air flow is injected into the injection hole 1602 through the air injection tube 25 and the air injection tube 26, the spherical impact surface of the end part of the impact rod 13 which is rebounded and moved to the guide cylinder 16 is subjected to high-pressure injection, and the ceramic grinding wheel fragment particles adhered to the spherical impact surface of the impact rod 13 are subjected to injection cleaning, thereby improving the accuracy of the next impact detection.
In addition, the second magnetic ring 15 is driven to reciprocate in the electromagnetic accelerating tube 18 by loading alternating current to the electromagnetic coil 19 and an alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 19, and the second magnetic ring 15 drives the impact rod 13 to reciprocate and strike the piston 22, so that the piston cylinder 21 generates pulse air flow to reciprocate and pulse and blow the spherical impact surface of the impact rod 13, and the debris cleaning effect is further improved.
Referring to fig. 9, the air injection pipe 25 and the air extraction filter cover 24 are both provided with one-way valves at the communication points with the piston cylinder 21, the air extraction filter cover 24 is mounted on the right outer wall of the cylinder 12, and the two ends of the piston 22 are disc-shaped and have a cylindrical middle.
Specifically, the unidirectional flow of the air flow through the air extraction filter cover 24, the piston cylinder 21 and the air injection pipe 25 is realized through the one-way valve, the unidirectional flow injection of the air flow is realized, the contact area between the impact rod 13 and the piston 22 is increased through the disc-shaped piston 22 at the end part, and the stability of force transmission is improved.
Referring to fig. 7, the gas injection tube 26 is an annular tube with an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the guide tube 16, and an annular cavity communicating with the injection hole 1602 is formed between an inner wall of the annular tube and an outer wall of the guide tube 16, the injection hole 1602 is a cylindrical hole inclined rightward, and an extension line of the injection hole 1602 intersects with a central axis of the impact rod 13.
Specifically, the air flow ejected from the ejection hole 1602 can be ejected to the center position of the spherical impact surface of the impact rod 13, improving the debris cleaning effect.
The present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are adopted in connection with the actual demands, and various changes made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

1.一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,包括底座(1);所述底座(1)上方设有用来装载砂轮本体(10)的承载盘(2),承载盘(2)右侧设有与砂轮本体(10)侧壁抵接的可调里氏硬度计(11);所述承载盘(2)通过承载轴(3)转动连接有移动架(4),移动架(4)连接有带动其横向移动的电动伸缩缸(9),承载轴(3)固定套接有蜗轮(5),蜗轮(5)啮合有延伸至移动架(4)下方并与移动架(4)转动连接的蜗杆(6),蜗杆(6)下端固定连接有棘轮齿轮(7),棘轮齿轮(7)啮合有与底座(1)固定连接的齿轨(8);1. A device for testing the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel, characterized in that it comprises a base (1); a carrier plate (2) for loading a grinding wheel body (10) is provided above the base (1); an adjustable Leeb hardness tester (11) abutting against the side wall of the grinding wheel body (10) is provided on the right side of the carrier plate (2); the carrier plate (2) is rotatably connected to a moving frame (4) via a carrier shaft (3); the moving frame (4) is connected to an electric telescopic cylinder (9) for driving the moving frame (4) to move laterally; a worm gear (5) is fixedly sleeved on the carrier shaft (3); the worm gear (5) is meshed with a worm (6) extending to the bottom of the moving frame (4) and rotatably connected to the moving frame (4); a ratchet gear (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the worm gear (6); the ratchet gear (7) is meshed with a rack (8) fixedly connected to the base (1); 所述可调里氏硬度计(11)包括筒体(12),筒体(12)前端嵌套有导向筒(16),导向筒(16)外侧套设有感应线圈组(17),导向筒(16)内贯穿有用来撞击砂轮本体(10)的冲击杆(13),冲击杆(13)左侧部分固定套接有与感应线圈组(17)配合的第一磁环(14),冲击杆(13)右端固定连接有第二磁环(15),第二磁环(15)外侧套设有安装在导向筒(16)右侧的电磁加速管(18),电磁加速管(18)壳壁内嵌套有与第二磁环(15)配合的电磁线圈(19),感应线圈组(17)和电磁线圈(19)两者均与控制器(20)电性连接。The adjustable Leeb hardness tester (11) comprises a cylinder (12), a guide cylinder (16) is nested at the front end of the cylinder (12), an induction coil group (17) is sleeved on the outside of the guide cylinder (16), an impact rod (13) for impacting a grinding wheel body (10) passes through the guide cylinder (16), a first magnetic ring (14) matching with the induction coil group (17) is fixedly sleeved on the left part of the impact rod (13), a second magnetic ring (15) is fixedly connected to the right end of the impact rod (13), an electromagnetic accelerator tube (18) mounted on the right side of the guide cylinder (16) is sleeved on the outside of the second magnetic ring (15), an electromagnetic coil (19) matching with the second magnetic ring (15) is nested in the shell wall of the electromagnetic accelerator tube (18), and both the induction coil group (17) and the electromagnetic coil (19) are electrically connected to a controller (20). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述导向筒(16)开设有供冲击杆(13)横向滑动的中空腔(1601),导向筒(16)外壁上开设有多组与中空腔(1601)连通且呈圆周分布的喷射孔(1602),喷射孔(1602)内端与中空腔(1601)连通,导向筒(16)位于喷射孔(1602)部位外侧固定套接有注气筒(26),注气筒(26)通过注气管(25)连通有安装在电磁加速管(18)右侧的活塞筒(21),活塞筒(21)右端通过管道连通有抽气过滤罩(24);所述活塞筒(21)内嵌套有活塞(22),活塞右端抵接有嵌套在活塞筒(21)内的复位弹簧(23),活塞(22)左端延伸至电磁加速管(18)内。2. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide cylinder (16) is provided with a hollow cavity (1601) for the impact rod (13) to slide horizontally, and a plurality of injection holes (1602) are provided on the outer wall of the guide cylinder (16) and are connected to the hollow cavity (1601) and are distributed in a circumferential manner, the inner ends of the injection holes (1602) are connected to the hollow cavity (1601), and a gas injection cylinder (26) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the guide cylinder (16) at the injection hole (1602), the gas injection cylinder (26) is connected to a piston cylinder (21) installed on the right side of the electromagnetic acceleration tube (18) through a gas injection pipe (25), and the right end of the piston cylinder (21) is connected to an exhaust filter cover (24) through a pipeline; a piston (22) is nested in the piston cylinder (21), the right end of the piston abuts against a return spring (23) nested in the piston cylinder (21), and the left end of the piston (22) extends into the electromagnetic acceleration tube (18). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述移动架(4)与齿轨(8)抵接滑动,齿轨(8)设有呈线性等距分布且与棘轮齿轮(7)配合的卡齿,电动伸缩缸(9)端部通过竖直板与底座(1)固定连接。3. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable frame (4) slides against the rack (8), the rack (8) is provided with teeth that are linearly equidistantly distributed and cooperate with the ratchet gear (7), and the end of the electric telescopic cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the base (1) through a vertical plate. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述棘轮齿轮(7)包括与蜗杆(6)固定连接的棘爪盘(701)以及转动套设在棘爪盘(701)外侧并与齿轨(8)啮合的棘轮齿环(702),棘爪盘(701)上铰接有棘爪,棘轮齿环(702)外壁设有卡齿且内壁设有与棘爪配合的棘爪槽。4. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet gear (7) includes a pawl plate (701) fixedly connected to the worm (6) and a ratchet tooth ring (702) rotatably sleeved on the outside of the pawl plate (701) and meshing with the rack (8), a pawl is hinged on the pawl plate (701), and the outer wall of the ratchet tooth ring (702) is provided with a latch tooth and the inner wall is provided with a pawl groove that cooperates with the pawl. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述冲击杆(13)为前端冲击面呈半球面的圆柱杆,第一磁环(14)为环形永磁铁且外径与冲击杆(13)外径相等。5. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact rod (13) is a cylindrical rod with a hemispherical impact surface at the front end, and the first magnetic ring (14) is an annular permanent magnet and has an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of the impact rod (13). 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述导向筒(16)通过螺纹连接的方式与筒体(12)端部固定连接,电磁加速管(18)为两端开口的圆筒状结构并与筒体(12)内壁固定连接,第二磁环(15)为环形永磁铁且外壁滑动抵接在电磁加速管(18)内壁上,第二磁环(15)的外径大于导向筒(16)的外径。6. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide tube (16) is fixedly connected to the end of the cylinder (12) by means of a threaded connection, the electromagnetic accelerator tube (18) is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (12), the second magnetic ring (15) is an annular permanent magnet and the outer wall thereof slides against the inner wall of the electromagnetic accelerator tube (18), and the outer diameter of the second magnetic ring (15) is larger than the outer diameter of the guide tube (16). 7.根据权利要求2所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述注气管(25)和抽气过滤罩(24)两者与活塞筒(21)连通处均安装单向阀,抽气过滤罩(24)安装在筒体(12)的右侧外壁上,活塞(22)两端成圆盘状且中间呈圆柱状。7. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that both the air injection pipe (25) and the air extraction filter cover (24) are installed with a one-way valve at the connection points with the piston cylinder (21), the air extraction filter cover (24) is installed on the right outer wall of the cylinder body (12), and the two ends of the piston (22) are disc-shaped and the middle is cylindrical. 8.根据权利要求2所述的一种陶瓷砂轮表面硬度检测用设备,其特征在于,所述注气筒(26)为内径大于导向筒(16)外径的环形筒,且其内壁与导向筒(16)外壁之间形成有与喷射孔(1602)连通的环形腔,喷射孔(1602)为向右倾斜的柱状孔且其延长线与冲击杆(13)的中心轴线相交。8. A device for detecting the surface hardness of a ceramic grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas injection cylinder (26) is an annular cylinder with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the guide cylinder (16), and an annular cavity connected to the injection hole (1602) is formed between its inner wall and the outer wall of the guide cylinder (16), and the injection hole (1602) is a columnar hole inclined to the right and its extension line intersects with the central axis of the impact rod (13).
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