CN118896782B - Gas engine abnormal combustion diagnosis method and device based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed - Google Patents
Gas engine abnormal combustion diagnosis method and device based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed Download PDFInfo
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- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于爆震与瞬时转速的气体机异常燃烧诊断方法及装置，采集安装于发动机飞轮端转速传感器的瞬时转速信号；采集安装于发动机缸盖底部的爆震传感器的爆震信号；计算平均转速和振幅，并将所述瞬时转速信号和爆震信号进行快速傅里叶变换后，提取所述瞬时转速信号的谐波能量值比值和爆震信号的能量幅值；将所述平均转速、振幅、谐波能量值比值、能量幅值和时域特征中所述爆震信号的均方根与方差值进行线性组合后，得到气体发动机异常燃烧指数，设定判别条件进行异常诊断。通过结合爆震与瞬时转速信号，对气体发动机异常燃烧的诊断，建立异常燃烧指数以及发动机工作状态模型，提高诊断精度。
The present invention provides a method and device for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knock and instantaneous speed, collecting the instantaneous speed signal of the speed sensor installed at the flywheel end of the engine; collecting the knock signal of the knock sensor installed at the bottom of the engine cylinder head; calculating the average speed and amplitude, and extracting the harmonic energy value ratio of the instantaneous speed signal and the energy amplitude of the knock signal after fast Fourier transforming the instantaneous speed signal and the knock signal; linearly combining the average speed, amplitude, harmonic energy value ratio, energy amplitude and the root mean square and variance value of the knock signal in the time domain characteristics, obtaining the abnormal combustion index of the gas engine, setting the discrimination conditions for abnormal diagnosis. By combining the knock and instantaneous speed signals, the abnormal combustion of the gas engine is diagnosed, the abnormal combustion index and the engine working state model are established, and the diagnostic accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis of ship gas engines, in particular to a method and a device for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed.
Background
With the rapid development of the global transportation industry, the traditional marine diesel engine is difficult to meet the requirements of technical development due to high noise, high manufacturing cost, difficult starting and the like, and a novel energy source is urgently needed to meet the power of a ship. The quality of the gas engine in noise, energy conversion efficiency and emission is superior to that of the traditional marine diesel engine. Abnormal combustion of a gas engine refers to a misfire or deflagration. The gas engine fire refers to that one or a plurality of cylinders do no work or do not do work sufficiently, the engine fire can cause unstable work and lower rotating speed power of the engine, the unburned gas after the engine fire enters a subsequent pipeline, extremely dangerous uncertain combustion possibly causing pipeline explosion and the like exists, the deflagration refers to irregular combustion, the condition that the gas pressure and the temperature are too high usually occurs, the combustible gas mixture burns by itself under the condition that the gas pressure and the temperature are not ignited, the engine shake can be caused, and meanwhile, the abrasion of an operating part can be aggravated. The abnormal combustion of the engine has influence on the machine and even has life threat to operators, so the diagnosis and research of the abnormal combustion of the gas engine are important to ensure the safe operation of the gas engine.
At present, there are some researches on abnormal combustion fault diagnosis of a gas engine, but in a multi-cylinder gas engine, particularly a gas engine with more than 12 cylinders, abnormal combustion diagnosis of a gas engine based on a single signal is easily affected by external factors, and thus misjudgment or missed judgment occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed, which are used for solving the technical problem that abnormal combustion diagnosis of more than 12 cylinders is performed by adopting a single signal to judge whether the abnormal combustion is missed or misjudged.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a gas engine abnormal combustion diagnosis method based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, collecting an instantaneous rotation speed signal of a rotation speed sensor arranged at the flywheel end of an engine, and collecting a knocking signal of a knocking sensor arranged at the bottom of a cylinder cover of the engine;
S2, calculating average rotating speed and amplitude, performing fast Fourier transform on the instantaneous rotating speed signal and the knocking signal, and extracting a harmonic energy value ratio of the instantaneous rotating speed signal and an energy amplitude of the knocking signal;
And step S3, linearly combining the mean rotation speed, the amplitude, the harmonic energy value ratio, the energy amplitude and the root mean square and variance values of the knocking signals in the time domain characteristics to obtain an abnormal combustion index of the gas engine, and setting discrimination conditions to carry out abnormality diagnosis.
Preferably, the harmonic energy value ratio in step S2 is a square of the amplitude of the harmonic of 0.5 times to a square of the amplitude of the harmonic of 1 times.
Preferably, the expression for linear combination in step S3 is:
;
in the formula, The average rotational speed is indicated as such,Representing the ratio of the values of the harmonic energy,The amplitude of the wave is represented and,Representing the relative energy magnitudes of the knock,AndThe root mean square value and the variance value of the knock signal in the time domain feature are represented, respectively.
Preferably, the expression of the discrimination condition in step S3 is:
;
in the formula, Indicating the abnormal combustion index of the gas engine.
Preferably, the diagnostic method further comprises a faulty cylinder positioning step:
S41, under the condition that the ratio of harmonic energy values is larger than 1, the relative energy amplitude of knocking is larger than 20% and the engine has a misfire fault, drawing a time domain curve of an instantaneous rotating speed signal and a knocking signal in a crank angle of 0-720 degrees;
s42, subtracting the average rotating speed from the instantaneous rotating speed signal in the time domain, and then making a fast Fourier transform FFT to obtain a frequency domain curve;
step S43, reserving 0.5 subharmonic energy value in the frequency domain, carrying out Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) after the rest are fully endowed with 0 to obtain a sine wave, and finding a crank angle corresponding to the lowest point of the sine wave;
And S44, after the corresponding crank angle found in the step S43 is associated with the fault cylinder, dividing the crank angle of 0-720 degrees to obtain crank angle ranges corresponding to different cylinders.
Preferably, the diagnosis method further includes a signal preprocessing step of amplifying, shaping and filtering the knock signal, and shaping, clipping, tooth averaging, filtering and full period averaging the instantaneous rotation speed signal.
Preferably, the diagnosis method further comprises a filtering processing step of performing secondary filtering on the instantaneous rotating speed signal, wherein the first stage is a Butts Wo Di pass filter and the second stage is a moving average filter, and performing secondary filtering on the knocking signal, and the first stage is a Chebyshev band-pass filter and the second stage is a weighted average filter.
Preferably, the fast fourier transform is windowed.
The invention also provides a device for diagnosing abnormal combustion of the gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed, which is used for the method for diagnosing abnormal combustion of the gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed, and comprises a sensor signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a main control module, a communication module, an upper computer module and a power supply module;
the sensor signal acquisition module is used for acquiring an instantaneous rotating speed signal of a rotating speed sensor arranged at the flywheel end of the engine;
the signal processing module is used for preprocessing the signals acquired by the sensor signal acquisition module;
The main control module is used for extracting a harmonic energy value ratio of the instantaneous rotating speed signal and an energy amplitude of the knocking signal after performing fast Fourier transform on the instantaneous rotating speed signal and the knocking signal, and performing linear combination on root mean square and variance values of the knocking signal in the harmonic energy value ratio, the energy amplitude, the average rotating speed, the vibration amplitude and the time characteristics to obtain an abnormal combustion index of the gas engine, and setting a discrimination condition for performing abnormal diagnosis;
The communication module is used for communicating the lower computer with the upper computer;
the upper computer module is used for displaying parameters;
The power module is used for supplying power.
The invention has the advantages that the invention combines knocking and instantaneous rotating speed signals to diagnose the abnormal combustion of the gas engine, and the problem of low diagnosis precision can be effectively solved by establishing an abnormal combustion index and an engine working state model. Meanwhile, abnormal combustion of the gas engine is diagnosed by adopting knocking and instantaneous rotating speed signals, so that real-time monitoring can be realized, engine parts are protected, the service life is prolonged, and the fuel utilization rate is optimized. Through signal analysis, potential faults can be predicted and prevented, the downtime is reduced, a control strategy is improved, the performance and stability of the engine are improved, meanwhile, the safety is improved, damage and hidden danger caused by abnormal combustion are prevented, and the safety of equipment and personnel is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensor installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a diagnostic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication flow of a master control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data preprocessing flow of a main control module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotation speed, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, collecting an instantaneous rotation speed signal of a rotation speed sensor arranged at the flywheel end of an engine, and collecting a knocking signal of a knocking sensor arranged at the bottom of a cylinder cover of the engine;
s2, calculating average rotating speed and amplitude, performing fast Fourier transform on the instantaneous rotating speed signal and the knocking signal, and extracting a harmonic energy value ratio of the instantaneous rotating speed signal and an energy amplitude of the knocking signal;
And S3, linearly combining the average rotating speed, the amplitude, the harmonic energy value ratio, the energy amplitude and the root mean square and variance values of the knocking signals in the time domain characteristics to obtain an abnormal combustion index of the gas engine, and setting discrimination conditions to carry out abnormality diagnosis.
Specifically, in this embodiment, signal processing, analysis, and the like of the original sensor are implemented by a knock sensor and an instantaneous rotation speed sensor mounted on the engine through a designed hardware circuit, and the sensor mounting schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2, where the rotation speed sensor is located at the flywheel end of the engine, as shown in "2" of the right diagram of fig. 2, when the engine is running, each tooth top and gap on the flywheel sequentially pass through the rotation speed sensor, and the rotation speed sensor generates a voltage signal similar to a sine wave by sensing the alternating change of magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit.
The knock sensor is then mounted at the bottom of the cylinder head of the engine, as shown by "1" in the right-hand diagram of fig. 2. This position can effectively transmit vibrations generated by combustion while reducing the introduction of vibration noise.
Extracting average rotation speedAnd vibration amplitude. And the acquired instantaneous rotating speed signal and the knock signal are subjected to fast Fourier transform FFT to obtain frequency characteristics, and the harmonic energy value ratio F s and the knock relative energy amplitude T f are extracted from the rotating speed signal. Combining the root mean square value X rms and the variance value D x of the knock signal in the time domain at the same time, if the knock signal is processed with a set of discrete dataThe time domain parameters of the signals can be obtained according to the following calculation formula:
Average value: ;
Root mean square value: ;
Variance: ;
where N represents the number of data and the mean is the mathematical average of the vibration signal, i.e., the arithmetic average, revealing the center change of the signal. The root mean square value represents the average energy of the signal and shows the intensity of the signal energy, i.e. the effective value. The variance describes the gap between the actual value of the signal and the overall average.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the harmonic energy values of the rotating speed signal adopts the square of the amplitude of the 0.5 th harmonic to the square of the amplitude of the upper 1 st harmonic.
The FFT is improved as follows, a Hanning window is added in the calculation, the function of the FFT is to reduce the frequency spectrum leakage component of harmonic waves and improve the precision of harmonic wave detection, and the specific expression is as follows:
;
Wherein: is the value of the window function at the position N, N is the sample point index in the window, n=0, 1.
The method comprises the steps of converting a time domain signal into a frequency domain signal through FFT, extracting a 0.5 harmonic energy value F 0.5, a 1 harmonic energy value F 1 and a ratio F s=F0.5/F1 from the frequency domain on the instantaneous rotating speed signal angle, extracting a knock relative energy amplitude T f from the frequency domain on the knock signal angle, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
;
Wherein: Resolution as frequency; the number of spectral lines in a specific frequency band; is the total energy of the signal; Represents the energy density value of the ith spectral line.
Taking a certain 16V multi-cylinder gas engine as an example, the ignition sequence is 1-6-2-5-8-3-7-4, and a list of parameters of the instantaneous rotation speed signal and the knock signal under the conditions of normal engine state, fire, slight knock and serious knock is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen from table 1 that the value of F s is always much smaller than 1 and the variance, root mean square value, and T f are small in the normal state of the engine, various parameters slightly increase but do not change with increasing rotation speed, F s is larger than 1 and T f is further increased in the case of a misfire in the engine state, F s is also larger than 1 and T f is increased to 50% -70% in the case of a slight knocking in the engine state, and F s is larger than 2 and T f is close to 100% in the case of a severe knocking in the engine state. Through the data, the abnormal combustion fault is judged by using a linear discriminant function, and a dimensionless abnormal combustion index BS is described, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
。
In particular, since the instantaneous rotational speed refers to the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft at an instant in time, and the average rotational speed refers to the ratio of the number of revolutions of the engine crankshaft over time, and the instantaneous rotational speed generally fluctuates due to various factors, the average rotational speed is multiplied by a relatively stable rotational speed component, i.e. The same variance and root mean square value cause errors due to measurement or artificial more or less, so that the amplitude is multiplied here in order to reduce the errors, due toThe vibration signal energy generated for detonation combustion is a percentage of the vibration signal energy of the entire combustion section and is therefore relatively stable and not treated here. Finally, the BS is obtained through a linear discrimination method.
Finally, setting a judging condition to divide the abnormal combustion index BS so as to obtain an engine working state model:
。
Example 2
The embodiment mainly provides a method for positioning a fault cylinder, and the number of the fault cylinder can be accurately positioned after the fault occurs.
Specifically, through waveforms of two groups of signals in the frequency domain F s value and the time domain T f value, on the premise that the F s value is larger than 1, the T f value is larger than 20% and the BS is in a fire state, a time domain curve is drawn between an instantaneous rotating speed signal and a knocking signal in a crank angle of 0-720 degrees.
Because different crank angle ranges represent the work of different cylinders, further, after the abnormal combustion fault of the gas engine occurs, the work capability of the fault cylinder is obviously reduced, so that the instantaneous rotating speed graph of the fault cylinder is smaller than the instantaneous rotating speed amplitude of the normal cylinder, and then the fault cylinder is obtained according to the characteristic parameters in the instantaneous rotating speed time domain and the frequency domain and the divided crank angles and is immediately stored in a database, thereby being convenient for checking and analyzing the fault cause.
The method comprises the steps of subtracting an average rotating speed from an instantaneous rotating speed signal in a time domain, then carrying out fast Fourier transform FFT to obtain a frequency domain curve, reserving 0.5 subharmonic energy value in the frequency domain, carrying out inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT on the rest of the subharmonic energy value after being fully endowed with 0 to obtain a sine wave, finding a crank angle corresponding to the lowest point of the sine wave, and dividing the crank angle of 0-720 degrees after correlating the found corresponding crank angle with a fault cylinder to obtain crank angle ranges corresponding to different cylinders. After the failure occurs, the cylinder number with the failure can be obtained only by carrying out the lowest point analysis on the obtained sine wave.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a device for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotational speed, which is used for the above method for diagnosing abnormal combustion of a gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotational speed.
The system comprises a gas engine object, a vibration sensor arranged at the bottom of an engine cylinder cover, a rotation speed sensor arranged at a flywheel end, a sensor signal acquisition module for acquiring knocking signals and rotation speed signals at a certain sampling frequency according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, a signal processing module for amplifying, shaping and the like the signals acquired by the sensor, transmitting the processed data to a main control module taking an MCU as a core in a serial port mode, the main control module further processing the data processed by the receiving signal to calculate the instantaneous rotation speed, the vibration signal amplitude and the like, a communication module for realizing signal connection between an upper computer and a lower computer through CAN/Ethernet communication and removing interference signals, and a power module for meeting all modules needing power supply in the system, wherein the upper computer module analyzes the received data to obtain parameters such as average rotation speed, vibration amplitude and the like and displays the parameters on an interface in a certain form. Meanwhile, a 0.5-order harmonic energy value F 0.5 and a 1-order harmonic energy value F 1 in the frequency domain are obtained through fast Fourier transform FFT respectively, and the relative energy amplitude T f of knocking is obtained. And then obtaining the correlation of the parameters according to the linear discriminant function, and further obtaining an abnormal combustion index, a state diagnosis model and a fault cylinder number.
The abnormal combustion diagnosis device of the gas engine based on knocking and instantaneous rotating speed further comprises a monitoring alarm module, wherein the monitoring alarm module is used for acquiring data of the abnormal combustion of the gas engine when the abnormal combustion of the gas engine leads to wrong operation, recording wrong time and related parameters, and improving the safety and reliability of the system.
The main control module is used as the core of the whole device and controls and coordinates the work of other electronic components. The main control module receives the processed sensor signal and further processes the signal. As shown in fig. 5, the instantaneous rotation speed input signal enters the main control chip through amplitude limiting, and the main control chip outputs the signal after tooth averaging, filtering and full period processing of the signal. The device comprises a main control chip, a gear averaging circuit, a Butterworth filter, a rotating speed signal frequency domain representation form and a rotating speed signal frequency domain representation form, wherein the amplitude limiting circuit is used for preventing the voltage or the current entering the main control chip from being overlarge, the component is burnt, the shaping circuit is used for converting a non-square wave signal into a square wave signal, the gear averaging circuit is used for preventing errors caused by process problems and improving measurement accuracy, the filtering circuit is divided into Butterworth low-pass filtering and moving average filtering, the low-pass filter is designed to basically retain a low-frequency signal because the rotating speed signal frequency domain representation form is mainly concentrated in a low-frequency band, the high-frequency signal is restrained, and the Butterworth filter is a low-pass filter and has the largest flat amplitude response, and the filter ensures that the original value of the signal cannot be weakened due to the filtering. The butterworth low-pass filter can be expressed as:
;
Wherein, In order to be a filter order number,In order to be a cut-off frequency,The method has the main effects of overcoming fluctuation interference caused by accidental factors by designing a second-stage filter composed of moving average filtering for the frequency of an input signal, and the whole period averaging is an advantageous measure for eliminating accidental factors, so that the multi-period data processing precision can be effectively improved.
The knock signal is processed by signal amplification, shaping, filtering and the like, wherein the amplification aims to prevent the signal from being too small to be collected, the shaping aims to stabilize the amplitude and the frequency of the signal and change the alternating current signal into a square wave signal, and the filter adopts a chebyshev band-pass filter which can selectively pass the signal in a specific frequency range and inhibit the signals of other frequencies. The frequency response curve error of the chebyshev filter and the ideal filter is minimum, which means that the frequency response of the chebyshev filter is better, so that the filtering effect of signals is ensured to a great extent, and the transfer function of the chebyshev filter is as follows:
;
Wherein, In order for the cut-off frequency to be desired,In order to be a filter order number,Is the coefficient of ripple which is the coefficient of ripple,For the frequency of the input signal,Is chebyshev polynomials. The two-stage filter adopts a weighted average filter, and the function of the filter is to reduce random errors and improve filtering precision.
As shown in fig. 4, the master control MCU communicates with the upper computer, and in this embodiment, the communication process is implemented by, for example, global initialization, recovery of an initial state, and first judgment of whether the first handshake between the lower and upper nodes is successful, and if not, checking hardware connection and waiting for success of handshake. After the primary handshake is successful, CAN communication is connected, parameters such as a communication index number, a channel number, a baud rate and the like are set, whether the secondary handshake is successful or not is judged, if not, a CAN_Init function is required to be called for matching, and the secondary handshake is waited for success. After the secondary handshake is successful, starting the CAN, calling a CAN_Transmit function to Transmit data, and returning a flag bit C 1 after the upper computer receives the data successfully, wherein setting the flag bit C 1 to 1 indicates that the upper computer receives the data. If the upper computer does not Receive or receives error data, the flag position is 0, the error is indicated, the lower computer continues to send data at the moment until the upper computer returns to the flag position of 1, and when the lower computer calls the CAN_receive function to Receive the successful signal, the next cycle is continued until the communication is disconnected.
The foregoing embodiments may be combined in any way, and all possible combinations of the features of the foregoing embodiments are not described for brevity, but only the preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present specification should be considered as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features.
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
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| CN106930845A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-07-07 | 潍柴西港新能源动力有限公司 | A kind of gas engine detonation scaling method |
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