Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, there is provided a method for preparing a lithium ion battery separator, comprising the steps of:
Adding a phase transfer catalyst into an aqueous solution containing a polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree for reaction, mixing with acrylonitrile to obtain a mixed system, performing electrocatalytic etherification reaction, precipitating, filtering, drying, dissolving and spinning to obtain the lithium ion battery diaphragm.
The thickness of the lithium ion battery diaphragm is 12-45 mu m.
Optionally, the lithium ion battery separator thickness is any value or range of values between any two of 12 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm.
The polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree is at least one selected from vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) and vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer (EVC).
The polymerization degree of the polymer with the ultrahigh polymerization degree is 1800-2500.
Optionally, the ultra-high degree of polymerization polymer has a degree of polymerization of any value or range of values between any two of 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500.
In the mixed system, the mass fractions of the components are as follows:
25-35 wt% of polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree, and optionally, 25wt%, 26wt%, 27wt%, 28wt%, 29wt%, 30wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, 33wt%, 34wt% or 35wt% of any value or a range between any two.
25-47 Wt% of water, and optionally any value or range between any two of 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt% and 47 wt%.
2-5Wt% of phase transfer catalyst, and optionally, any value or range value between any two of 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt% and 5wt%.
25-35 Wt% of acrylonitrile. Alternatively, any value or range between any two of 25wt%, 26wt%, 27wt%, 28wt%, 29wt%, 30wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, 33wt%, 34wt%, 35wt%.
The phase transfer catalyst is quaternary ammonium salt and is selected from one of tetrabutylammonium bromide, benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.
The reaction temperature is 30-60 ℃.
Alternatively, the temperature of the reaction is any value or range of values between any two of 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃.
The stirring speed of the reaction is 400-800 rpm.
Optionally, the stirring rate of the reaction is any value or range of values between any two of 400rpm, 500rpm, 600rpm, 700rpm, 800 rpm.
The reaction time is 1-3 h.
Alternatively, the reaction time is any value or range of values between any two of 1h, 2h, 3 h.
The temperature of the mixing is 30-60 ℃.
Optionally, the temperature of the mixing is any value or range of values between any two of 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃.
The stirring speed of the mixing is 400-800 rpm.
Optionally, the mixing is at a stirring rate of any of 400rpm, 500rpm, 600rpm, 700rpm, 800rpm, or a range of values between any two.
The mixing time is 1-3 h.
Optionally, the mixing time is any value or range of values between any two of 1h, 2h, 3h.
The temperature of the electrocatalytic etherification reaction is 25-30 ℃.
Alternatively, the temperature of the electrocatalytic etherification reaction is any or a range of values between any 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃.
The current density of the electrocatalytic etherification reaction is 30-60 mA.cm -2.
Optionally, the current density of the electrocatalytic etherification reaction is any value or a range of values between any two of 30mA cm -2、40mA·cm-2、50mA·cm-2、60mA·cm-2.
The electrocatalytic etherification reaction time is 1-2 h.
Optionally, the time of the electrocatalytic etherification reaction is any value or range of values between any two of 1h, 1.5h, 2 h.
The electrocatalytic etherification reaction is carried out under the catalysis of a platinum-palladium catalytic electrode.
Optionally, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree and the solvent into a four-neck flask provided with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser pipe and a dropping funnel, and placing the four-neck flask in a constant-temperature water domain, heating and uniformly stirring the four-neck flask at 35-65 ℃ at a rotating speed of 400-800 rpm for 3-6 hours;
2) Naturally cooling to room temperature, adding a phase transfer catalyst, heating and stirring for reaction;
3) Adding acrylonitrile and mixing;
4) Transferring the whole reaction system into an electrocatalytic device, and carrying out electrocatalytic etherification reaction under the catalysis of a platinum-palladium catalytic electrode;
5) Adding deionized water, precipitating, filtering, and oven drying to obtain the final product.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a lithium ion battery separator prepared by the above-described preparation method.
The dissolved solvent is selected from at least one of DMAC, DMF, DMSO.
The mass fraction of the spinning solution after dissolution is 9-18wt%.
Optionally, the mass fraction of the dissolved spinning solution is any value or a range of values between any two of 9wt%, 10wt%, 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt%, 15wt%, 16wt%, 17wt%, 18 wt%.
The spinning is electrostatic spinning.
According to another aspect of the application, there is provided the use of a lithium ion battery separator as described above in a lithium ion battery.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) The application adopts the electrocatalytic device to replace the traditional base catalytic system for cyanoethylation reaction of the polymer, is safe and environment-friendly, avoids environmental pollution, has extremely high electrocatalytic efficiency, greatly reduces the self-polymerization of acrylonitrile and reduces the dosage of acrylonitrile.
2) The modified polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree contains a strong polar cyano group, the prepared diaphragm has extremely strong electrolyte wettability, the diaphragm prepared by the electrostatic spinning process has an excellent pore structure, the transmission speed and migration number of lithium ions are improved, uniform deposition of the lithium ions is induced, dendrite growth is effectively inhibited, the rate discharge performance and the cycle performance under high rate of the battery are improved, the electrochemical performance and the cycle life of the lithium ion battery are improved, and the diaphragm has great application potential in the field of lithium ion battery diaphragms.
3) The modified polymer with ultrahigh polymerization degree has ultrahigh dielectric constant, can be used for preparing films by electrostatic spinning, has excellent performance in lithium ion batteries, can improve the wettability of the separator to electrolyte, improve the mechanical strength of the separator, enhance the stability, prevent the short circuit of the batteries caused by dendrite puncture, and further provide references for solving the defects of the existing materials and designing and developing high-performance materials.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
The starting materials and catalysts in the examples of the present application were purchased commercially, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1) 30G of polyvinyl acetate with the polymerization degree of 1800 and 35g of water are placed in a four-neck flask with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel and are placed in a hot water domain, the temperature is raised to 45 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 3 hours at the rotation speed of 600 rpm until the mixture is uniform;
2) Naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 3g of tetrabutylammonium bromide serving as a phase transfer catalyst, heating to 35 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours at the rotating speed of 500 r/min;
3) Adding 32g of acrylonitrile, and continuously stirring and mixing at 35 ℃ and 500 revolutions per minute for 2 hours;
4) Transferring the whole reaction system into an electrocatalytic device, and carrying out electrocatalytic etherification reaction for 1h under the catalysis of a platinum-palladium catalytic electrode and the current density of 60 mA.cm -2 at 25 ℃;
5) Adding deionized water, precipitating, filtering, and oven drying to obtain the final product.
And dissolving the polymer in DMF, spinning the spinning solution with the mass fraction of 15wt%, and spinning to obtain the electrostatic spinning film with the thickness of 22 mu m.
Example 2
1) 25G of vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer with the polymerization degree of 2500 and 47g of water are placed in a four-neck flask with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel and placed in a constant-temperature water domain, the temperature is raised to 35 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 5 hours at the rotation speed of 800 revolutions per minute until the mixture is uniform;
2) Naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 2g of phase transfer catalyst benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide, heating to 60 ℃, and reacting for 1h at the rotating speed of 400 r/min;
3) 26g of acrylonitrile is added, and the mixture is continuously mixed for 1h at 60 ℃ and the rotation speed of 400 revolutions per minute;
4) Transferring the whole reaction system into an electrocatalytic device, and carrying out electrocatalytic etherification reaction for 2h under the catalysis of a platinum-palladium catalytic electrode and the current density of 30 mA.cm -2 at 30 ℃;
5) Adding deionized water, precipitating, filtering, and oven drying to obtain the final product.
The polymer obtained above is dissolved in DMAC, the mass fraction of the spinning solution is 18wt%, and the electrostatic spinning film is obtained by spinning, and the thickness of the electrostatic spinning film is 12 mu m.
Example 3
1) 35G of vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer with the polymerization degree of 2000 and 25g of water are placed in a four-neck flask provided with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a dropping funnel and placed in a constant-temperature water domain, the temperature is raised to 65 ℃, and the stirring is carried out for 6 hours at the rotation speed of 400 r/min until the mixture is uniform;
2) Naturally cooling to room temperature, adding phase transfer catalyst dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 5g, heating to 30 ℃, and reacting at 800 rpm for 1h;
3) Adding 35g of acrylonitrile, and continuously mixing for 3 hours at 30 ℃ and 800 revolutions per minute;
4) Transferring the whole reaction system into an electrocatalytic device, and carrying out electrocatalytic etherification reaction for 2h under the catalysis of a platinum-palladium catalytic electrode and the current density of 40 mA.cm -2 at 30 ℃;
5) Adding deionized water, precipitating, filtering, and oven drying to obtain the final product.
And dissolving the polymer in DMSO, wherein the mass fraction of the spinning solution is 9wt%, and spinning to obtain the electrostatic spinning film with the thickness of 45 mu m.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was an electrospun PAN nanofiber separator with a thickness of 22 μm.
Test example 1
The separators of example 1 and comparative example 1 were cut into 19mm disks, and a lithium iron phosphate full cell was assembled, and the polarization long cycle curve at 1C was tested, and the results are shown in fig. 1. The separator-assembled batteries of examples 1 to 3 were able to be stably cycled for 200 hours, and the separator-assembled battery of comparative example 1 was short-circuited after 150 hours of cycling, and both stability and specific discharge capacity were lower than those of examples.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.