CN119065000A - A high-precision seismic characterization method for carbonate dolomitization shoals in complex tectonic areas - Google Patents
A high-precision seismic characterization method for carbonate dolomitization shoals in complex tectonic areas Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir exploration, in particular to a high-precision seismic characterization method of a carbonate clouded beach body in a complex structural area, which comprises the following steps of establishing an isochronous stratum lattice by fine structural interpretation to determine the development horizon of the clouded beach body; the method comprises the steps of determining a plane distribution range of a clouding beach body by using a sedimentary facies research result, leveling a proper earthquake interpretation horizon by using a paleo-topography recovery research result, directly recovering the appearance of the clouding beach body in a sedimentary period on an earthquake section, calibrating a well earthquake on the basis, establishing an earthquake phase identification mark of the clouding beach body, comprehensively judging a plurality of earthquake phase elements of the clouding beach body, and performing plane and section clouding beach body earthquake interpretation, thereby realizing high-precision earthquake characterization work of the acid salt rock clouding beach. The characterization method provided by the invention improves the identification accuracy of the carbonate cloud beach body to the greatest extent, and provides powerful support for oil and gas reserve estimation and economic evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir exploration, in particular to a high-precision seismic characterization method for a carbonate clouded beach body of a complex structural area.
Background
In general, the carbonate clouding beach refers to a platform edge beach or a platform inner bar in a sea-phase carbonate platform land deposition phase, and a clouding beach oil-gas storage space formed by the later-stage dolomite petrochemical effect, and at present, many basins in China, including a Tarim basin, a Sichuan basin, an Erdos basin and the like, have the oil-gas storage space of the carbonate clouding beach. At present, in the field of carbonate rock exploration, clouding beach bodies are very important storage spaces, and in order to determine the spreading characteristics and the scale of clouding beach bodies before drilling, the oil and gas reserves of a target layer are estimated, and carbonate rock clouding beach body identification and characterization must be carried out.
At present, the identification and characterization of the carbonate cloud beach body is mainly realized by the steps of synthetic seismic record calibration, target layer structure interpretation, single well, lian Jing sedimentary facies and sedimentary microphase analysis, the seismic reflection characteristics of the cloud beach body are determined, and on the finished seismic section, the identification and the characterization of the section and the plane cloud beach body are realized according to a certain interpretation density directly by a phase surface method, but due to the later structure movement, the change of the formation structure form or the larger vertical breaking distance, the identification and the characterization of the carbonate cloud beach body are difficult to operate, the precision is low, and the accurate estimation of oil and gas reserves and the economic evaluation are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a high-precision seismic characterization method of a carbonate cloud beach body in a complex structural area, which aims to overcome the defects of difficult identification and characterization operation and low precision of the carbonate cloud beach body in the prior art, thereby influencing accurate estimation of oil and gas reserves, economic evaluation and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-precision seismic profiling method for a carbonate clouded beach body of a complex structural area, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1, establishing an isochronous stratum grid through fine structure interpretation, and determining a clouded beach development horizon;
s2, determining the plane distribution range of the clouded beach body by using a sedimentary facies research result;
S3, leveling a proper seismic interpretation horizon by utilizing paleo-landform restoration research results, and directly restoring the appearance of the clouded beach body in the deposition period on the seismic section;
and S4, based on the steps S1-S3, calibrating the well earthquake, establishing an earthquake phase identification mark of the clouded beach body, comprehensively judging by utilizing a plurality of earthquake phase elements of the clouded beach body, and performing plane and section clouded beach body earthquake interpretation, thereby realizing high-precision earthquake characterization work of the acid salt rock clouded beach body.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes:
Through synthetic seismic record calibration, the corresponding relation of the seismic geologic horizon is determined, high-precision seismic horizon interpretation is automatically tracked and developed through preset distance, fracture system interpretation is completed by combining regional stress background and wave group characteristics, an isochronous stratum grid is established, and the clouding beach development horizon is determined.
Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes:
And combining the regional deposition background and the planar seismic facies distribution characteristics, determining the deposition facies distribution, and predicting the planar distribution range of the clouded beach body according to the deposition facies and the deposition microphase development mode.
Preferably, the step S3 specifically comprises selecting a suitable paleo-topography restoration method through sediment feature analysis, selecting a suitable seismic horizon leveling on a seismic section, performing paleo-topography restoration, directly restoring the appearance of the clouded beach body in the sediment period on the seismic section, and eliminating the influence of stratum structural morphology change and fracture caused by structural movement.
Preferably, the plurality of seismic phase elements of the clouded beach body comprise six seismic phase elements with a hilly appearance, increased thickness, internal intermittent amplitude variation, high bottom micro paleo-topography, top coverage and a li chaos index seismic attribute anomaly.
Preferably, the step S4 specifically includes the steps of calibrating typical Shan Jingyun clouding beach bodies on a seismic section, establishing a seismic phase identification mark of the clouding beach bodies, comprehensively judging six seismic phase elements including hilly appearance, thickness increase, internal intermittent amplitude change, bottom micro paleo-geomorphic height, top coverage and Litsea chaos index seismic attribute abnormality by utilizing the clouding beach bodies, explaining the clouding beach bodies line by line according to a preset line density, and drawing plane distribution rules of the clouding beach bodies on a plane, thereby realizing high-precision seismic identification and characterization work of the acid salt rock clouding beach.
(III) beneficial effects
The high-precision seismic characterization method of the carbonate cloud beach body in the complex structural area provided by the invention has the advantages that the identification accuracy of the carbonate cloud beach body is improved to the greatest extent, and a powerful support is provided for oil and gas reserves estimation and economic evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a high-precision seismic profiling method for a carbonate clouded beach in a complex construction area according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a map of the synthetic seismic record calibration and fine structure interpretation determination clouded beach development layer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cloud beach distribution range determined from seismic facies;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a restoration of the ancient earth by directly flattening the seismic reflection horizon on the seismic section;
FIG. 5a is a diagram illustrating a clouded beach of waveform profile according to six seismic phase elements, and FIG. 5b is a diagram illustrating a clouded beach of instantaneous phase profile according to six seismic phase elements;
Fig. 6 is a plan view of clouded beach identification results.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a high-precision seismic characterization method of a carbonate clouded beach body of a complex structural area, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1, establishing an isochronous stratum grid through fine structure interpretation, and determining a clouded beach development horizon;
s2, determining the plane distribution range of the clouded beach body by using a sedimentary facies research result;
S3, leveling a proper seismic interpretation horizon by utilizing paleo-landform restoration research results, and directly restoring the appearance of the clouded beach body in the deposition period on the seismic section;
And S4, based on the steps S1-S3, well earthquake calibration is performed, an earthquake phase identification mark of the clouded beach body is established, and six earthquake phase elements including a hilly appearance, an increased thickness, internal intermittent amplitude variation, a high bottom micro palaeogeoform, top coverage and a Litsea chaos index earthquake attribute abnormality of the clouded beach body are utilized to comprehensively judge, so that plane and section clouded beach body earthquake interpretation is performed, and therefore, high-precision earthquake characterization work of the acid salt rock clouded beach is realized.
In the embodiment, the fine structure interpretation is to determine the corresponding relation of the earthquake geological horizon through the synthetic earthquake record calibration, develop the interpretation of the earthquake horizon and the interpretation of a fracture system, establish an isochronous stratum lattice and determine the development horizon of the clouded beach.
The sedimentary facies research is to combine regional sedimentary background and planar seismic facies characteristics to determine sedimentary facies belt spread and predict the planar distribution range of clouded beach.
Paleo-topography restoration is to select a proper paleo-topography restoration method through sediment feature analysis, select proper seismic horizon leveling, directly restore the appearance of clouded beach bodies in the sediment period on a seismic section, and eliminate the influence of stratum structure morphology change and fracture caused by structure movement.
The specific implementation method of the clouding beach seismic interpretation is to calibrate typical Shan Jingyun clouding beach deposit microphase on a seismic section, establish a seismic phase identification mark of the clouding beach, comprehensively judge six seismic phase elements of the clouding beach with hilly appearance, increased thickness, intermittent amplitude inside, high bottom micro paleo-topography, top coating and Litsea chaos index seismic attribute abnormality, interpret the clouding beach line by line according to a certain line density, draw a clouding beach plane distribution rule on a plane, and realize the high-precision seismic identification and characterization work of the acid salt cloud beach.
The following describes the high-precision seismic characterization method of the carbonate rock clouded beach body in the complex construction area in detail, wherein the specific implementation steps of three sections of the hawk mountain group of the east block of the Tarim basin are taken as an example:
first, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a diagram of an isochronous stratigraphic framework being built to define a longitudinal study unit.
And determining that 4 geological horizons of the top surface of the middle-lower Omega Tao Tong limestone in the ancient city area of the research area, the bottom surface of the second section of the eagle mountain group, the bottom surface of the upper subsection of the third section of the eagle mountain group and the bottom surface of the lower subsection of the third section of the eagle mountain group correspond to the seismic sections, and are respectively four seismic horizons of h1, h2, h3 and h 4. By means of the automatic matching tracking function provided by Geoeast earthquake interpretation software, according to small-distance matching tracking of the preset distance from small section to small section, it is required to say that the preset distance is set according to continuity of the earthquake in-phase axis, and is generally several hundred meters to one kilometer, so that fine matching occlusion of an interpretation horizon and the earthquake in-phase axis is ensured, and real change of paleo-landform details is displayed as much as possible when paleo-landform recovery is performed.
The four layers h1, h2, h3 and h4 required by the work are tracked and explained, so that an isochronous layer grid is established, the phenomenon of layer penetration in the clouding beach body recognition process is avoided, and the accuracy of the clouding beach body recognition result is improved. In addition, through the analysis of the drilled rock core, the high-energy clouding beach body deposits microphase, the lithology is fine-medium grain dolomite, the brilliant crystal cementation is taken as a main part, the logging curve is characterized by high gamma, high density, low resistance and low sound wave, the pore type is taken as a main part of inter-particle pores, and the method is an important oil and gas reservoir place. The low-energy intertidal sea deposition microphase between clouded intertidal bodies is characterized in that micrite limestone or micrite Yun Yan is shown on a rock core, pores do not develop, a logging curve shows the characteristics of low gamma, low density, high resistance and high sound wave, the high-energy clouded intertidal body deposition microphase can be clearly identified, the high-energy clouded intertidal body deposition microphase mainly develops between two layers h2 and h3 in the longitudinal direction, namely a target layer eagle three-section lower subsection, and therefore a longitudinal research unit is determined.
Second, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a view of determining the planar development range of clouded beach.
And (3) carrying out seismic phase analysis on the lower subsections of the eagle in the research area, dividing three seismic phase areas of phase1, phase2 and phase3 on a plane, namely carrying out strong-amplitude high-continuous parallel reflection, hill-shaped appearance intermittent variable-amplitude reflection and middle-strong-amplitude disordered weak reflection compared with continuous parallel reflection, calibrating according to the analysis result of a single well sediment phase in a grid when the eagle in the target layer is in the lower subsections of the eagle in the first step research area, wherein the three seismic phase areas on the plane correspond to 3 sediment phase areas of an inner gentle slope, a middle gentle slope and an outer gentle slope respectively, and cloud beach development on the plane is in the range of the seismic phase2, namely carrying out middle gentle slope sediment phase, so that the plane development range of the cloud beach is determined.
And thirdly, referring to fig. 4, in fig. 4, the ancient landform of the lower sub-section of the hawk is directly restored on the seismic section, the influence of factors such as constructional motion and the like is eliminated, and the cloud beach identification precision is improved.
In carbonate sedimentology, a high-energy clouding beach body is deposited at a position with high palace relief, a reservoir is developed and is a main place for forming an oil and gas reservoir, and a low-energy beach sea is deposited at a position with low palace relief and cannot store oil and gas, so that palace relief recovery is very important in high-energy clouding beach body characterization. The most used methods for recovering the paleo-grade landform are a residual thickness method, a stamping method and the like, the research area has good deposition inheritance from bottom to top, and the method for recovering the paleo-grade landform by selecting the residual thickness method is more reasonable according to the principle of depositology, namely, the thickness change of the underlying stratum below the target layer is used for reflecting the relative height change of the paleo-grade landform of the target layer in the deposition period. The seismic horizon h4 is used for subtracting the seismic horizon h3 to obtain an eagle four-section stratum isopachous map of the eagle three-section lower sub-section of the target layer, the eagle three-section lower sub-section deposition period with a large thickness value on the stratum isopachous map is paleo-landform high, the high-energy clouded beach body is deposited on the position, and the eagle three-section lower sub-section deposition period with a small thickness value on the stratum isopachous map is paleo-landform low, so that the eagle three-section lower sub-section deposition period is low-energy beach sea deposition. The residual thickness method uses a stratum isopach to represent the nature of paleo-topography, actually, after the bottom surface of the underlying stratum below a target layer is leveled, the paleo-topography characteristic is reflected by the fluctuation of the top surface, which is equivalent to directly leveling the bottom surface h4 seismic reflection layer of the eagle four-section stratum underlying the eagle three-section underlying the target layer on the seismic section, thus the current structural topography is directly converted into paleo-topography characteristics of the eagle three-section underlying sub-section deposition period on the seismic section, and the method has the advantages that after leveling, the influence of the structural morphology change and fracture of the stratum caused by factors such as later structural movement can be eliminated, so that the characteristics of the clouded beach body on the seismic section are more visual and easy to identify, and the accuracy and precision of clouded beach identification and characterization are improved.
Fig. 5a and 5b and fig. 6 are the well earthquake calibration building clouding beach body earthquake phase identification mark based on the three researches, and the six earthquake phase elements of the clouding beach body are utilized for comprehensive judgment to perform plane and section clouding beach body earthquake interpretation, so that the high-precision earthquake identification and characterization work of the acid rock clouding beach body is realized.
The method comprises the steps of determining six seismic phase elements of sub Duan Yun beach body with hilly appearance, increased thickness, intermittent amplitude variation inside, high bottom palace appearance, top coverage and chaotic index seismic attribute disorder by utilizing results of analysis of a target interval rock core of a research area, interpretation of a logging curve and the like, combining a conventional section with a section display mode of extracting an instantaneous phase attribute section by utilizing a Goeast seismic attribute analysis module, drawing a cloudy beach body section distribution range on the seismic section one by one according to a certain interval, projecting the distribution range on the section onto a plane, and drawing plane distribution of each cloudy beach body, thereby realizing high-precision seismic identification and drawing work of acid salt rock cloudy beach, providing accurate distribution position and scale basic data for subsequent cloudy beach oil-gas reservoir exploration, and remarkably improving the success rate of well position deployment.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent technical solutions are also within the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-precision seismic characterization method of a carbonate cloud beach body of a complex structural area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step S1, establishing an isochronous stratum grid through fine structure interpretation, and determining a clouded beach development horizon;
s2, determining the plane distribution range of the clouded beach body by using a sedimentary facies research result;
S3, leveling a proper seismic interpretation horizon by utilizing paleo-landform restoration research results, and directly restoring the appearance of the clouded beach body in the deposition period on the seismic section;
and S4, based on the steps S1-S3, calibrating the well earthquake, establishing an earthquake phase identification mark of the clouded beach body, comprehensively judging by utilizing a plurality of earthquake phase elements of the clouded beach body, and performing plane and section clouded beach body earthquake interpretation, thereby realizing high-precision earthquake characterization work of the acid salt rock clouded beach body.
2. The method for high-precision seismic profiling of a carbonate clouded beach in a complex formation area according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically comprises:
Through synthetic seismic record calibration, the corresponding relation of the seismic geologic horizon is determined, high-precision seismic horizon interpretation is automatically tracked and developed through preset distance, fracture system interpretation is completed by combining regional stress background and wave group characteristics, an isochronous stratum grid is established, and the clouding beach development horizon is determined.
3. The method for high-precision seismic profiling of a carbonate clouded beach in a complex formation area according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises:
And combining the regional deposition background and the planar seismic facies distribution characteristics, determining the deposition facies distribution, and predicting the planar distribution range of the clouded beach body according to the deposition facies and the deposition microphase development mode.
4. The method for high-precision seismic characterization of a carbonate clouded beach body in a complex structural area according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises selecting a suitable paleo-topography restoration method through sediment feature analysis, selecting a suitable seismic horizon on a seismic section to be leveled, performing paleo-topography restoration, directly restoring the appearance of the clouded beach body in a sediment period on the seismic section, and eliminating the influence of formation structural morphological changes and fractures caused by structural movement.
5. The method for high-precision seismic profiling of a complex formation area carbonate clouded beach body of claim 1, wherein the plurality of seismic phase elements of the clouded beach body comprises six seismic phase elements of hilly appearance, increased thickness, internal intermittent amplitude variation, high bottom micro paleo-topography, top coverage and a li chaos index seismic attribute anomaly.
6. The method for high-precision seismic characterization of a carbonate clouded beach body in a complex construction area according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises the steps of calibrating a typical Shan Jingyun clouded beach body deposition microphase on a seismic section, establishing a seismic phase identification mark of the clouded beach body, comprehensively judging six seismic phase elements of the clouded beach body, which are high in hilly appearance, thickness increase, internal intermittent amplitude, bottom micro palaeon topography, top coverage and Litsea chaos index seismic attribute abnormality, explaining the clouded beach body line by line according to a preset measuring line density, and drawing a clouded beach body plane distribution rule on a plane, thereby realizing high-precision seismic identification characterization work of the acid salt clouded beach body.
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