Preparation method of potassium titanate powder
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic materials, and particularly discloses a preparation method of potassium titanate powder.
Background
The potassium titanate is widely used for high molecular polymers, metals, ceramics and the like, and can greatly improve the high temperature resistance, the wear resistance, the weather resistance, the mechanical properties and the like of the related composite materials. Potassium titanate is generally represented by K 2O•nTiO2 (n=1, 2,4,6, 8), where the practical value of n=4 or 6 (i.e., potassium tetratitanate and potassium hexatitanate) is greatest.
The chemical formula of the potassium hexatitanate is K 2Ti6O13, the potassium hexatitanate is an inorganic compound, the appearance is gray yellow powder, the potassium hexatitanate has the characteristics of stable chemical property, excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, wear resistance, low high-temperature hardness and the like, and the potassium hexatitanate has been widely applied to the fields of petrochemical industry, automobiles, electronic appliances, buildings, machinery, environmental protection catalysis, sewage treatment, energy conversion, aerospace and the like.
According to different morphologies, the potassium hexatitanate is divided into whisker-shaped potassium hexatitanate, tunnel-shaped potassium hexatitanate, platelet-shaped potassium hexatitanate and the like, and the potassium hexatitanate with different morphologies has certain differences in performance, characteristics, application and the like, such as the columnar potassium hexatitanate has the characteristics of large specific surface area, regular shape and the like, the flaky potassium hexatitanate is more excellent in strength and modulus, and the whisker-shaped potassium hexatitanate has the characteristics of good lubricity, extremely high infrared reflection, diffuse reflectance and the like. The whisker-shaped potassium hexatitanate, namely potassium hexatitanate whisker, is a novel needle-shaped short fiber compound, and the atomic structure arrangement is highly ordered when the whisker is crystallized, so that the whisker strength is extremely high and far exceeds various reinforcing agents.
The existing potassium titanate preparation method is beneficial to a cosolvent method, a hydrothermal method, a melting method, a microwave synthesis method, a sol-gel method, a sintering method and the like, but has the common limitations that, for example, the melting method is used for melting and cooling raw materials to cultivate crystals, the yield is low, the reaction temperature is high, the hydrothermal method is used for reacting the raw materials in hot water under high pressure to generate crystals, longer fibers can be prepared, however, the method needs to use high temperature and high pressure, the production cost is high and the danger is high, the cosolvent method is a method for reacting the raw materials in a solvent (the currently adopted solvent is KCl, KF, KMnO 4、K2WO4 and the like), the yield is high, the prepared potassium titanate monocrystal fibers are good in crystallinity, but the use of the cosolvent can erode a sagger when the materials are sintered at high temperature, the sagger cannot be reused, the production cost is increased, the existence of fluorine ions can cause environmental pollution, the existence of manganese and tungsten can influence the product quality, and the sintering method is used for sintering the raw material mixture at a certain time and a certain temperature, so that the method has the disadvantages of high synthetic product purity and various potassium titanate can appear if the appearance and the product purity are not high.
The patent with publication number CN113403686B discloses a preparation method of potassium titanate whisker for friction materials, which takes titanium dioxide and a potassium source as raw materials, takes a K 2O-MoO3 composite cosolvent as a cosolvent, and prepares the potassium titanate whisker for friction materials by a flux method. The method has complex production process, the potassium hexatitanate can be prepared by firstly preparing the titanium source and the potassium source into the potassium tetratitanate and then washing and secondary sintering, the cosolvent can seriously corrode the sagger at high temperature, the product quality is affected, and a large amount of alkaline wastewater is generated in the production.
The patent with publication number CN102304762A discloses a preparation method of potassium hexatitanate whisker, which comprises the steps of mixing potassium carbonate and metatitanic acid at room temperature, drying, calcining a precursor, and carrying out water leaching treatment to prepare the potassium hexatitanate whisker. The method is easy to generate a large amount of byproducts in the preparation process, and needs to be removed by water washing, so that raw materials are wasted, and a large amount of high-salt wastewater which is difficult to treat is increased.
The patent with publication number CN115747967B discloses a preparation method of potassium hexatitanate whisker, which comprises the steps of mixing titanium-containing raw materials and potassium-containing raw materials, sintering the mixed materials at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, dispersing the mixed materials in water after cooling along with a furnace, introducing acid gas, adjusting the pH value, carrying out suction filtration, drying, and sintering and cooling the dried product at the temperature of 1000-1250 ℃ to obtain the coarse potassium hexatitanate whisker with the diameter of more than 3 mu m. The production method is insufficient in reaction, excessive titanium sources are required to be put into, and finally, the titanium sources are lost and wasted, and the production process is required to be calcined for many times and acid gas is introduced, so that the industrial production is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing potassium titanate preparation method is generally limited, and provides a preparation method of potassium titanate powder, which is used for preparing a potassium titanate product with whisker-like, tunnel-like and platelet-like microstructures and high crystallinity by regulating and controlling the processes of raw material proportioning, pretreatment, mixing, surface treatment, calcination and the like, and can be used as a friction material, a reinforcing material and a heat insulation material in the new material high-tech field.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of potassium titanate powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding a dispersing agent into the titanium source slurry with the concentration of 20-40%, mixing, grinding and sieving to obtain a titanium precursor;
(2) Preparing a potassium source saturated solution, adding 1 into a titanium precursor according to the molar ratio of titanium to potassium of (2.5-3.5), and uniformly mixing to obtain potassium titanate precursor slurry;
(3) Adding a surfactant into the potassium titanate precursor slurry, and performing spray granulation to obtain potassium titanate precursor particles with the particle size of 10-50 mu m;
(4) Adding an intercalation agent into the potassium titanate precursor particles, uniformly mixing, calcining for synthesis, and grinding and crushing to obtain the potassium titanate powder.
As a further description of the invention, the titanium source in the step (1) is one or more of rutile titanium dioxide, anatase titanium dioxide, orthotitanic acid and metatitanic acid, the dispersing agent is one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose derivatives, the adding amount of the dispersing agent is 0.1-0.5% of the dry weight of the titanium source, the grinding is wet ball milling, and the sieving is 325-mesh sieving.
As a further description of the present invention, the potassium source in step (2) is one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and potassium hydroxide.
As a further description of the invention, the surfactant in the step (3) is one or more of titanate, aluminate, stearic acid, oleic acid and polysorbate, the addition of the surfactant is 1-5% of the dry weight of the titanium source, the spray granulation equipment is preferably a centrifugal spray granulator, and the spray temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃.
As a further description of the invention, the intercalation agent in the step (4) is one or more of potassium acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, urea, graphite and isopropylamine, the addition amount of the intercalation agent is 3-8% of the dry weight of a titanium source, the calcining equipment is preferably a muffle furnace, a roller kiln, a tunnel kiln or a push plate furnace, the calcining carrier is preferably alumina, zirconia or a ceramic sagger with the surface sprayed with alumina and zirconia, the calcining temperature rising rate is 3-8 ℃ per minute, the calcining temperature is 900-1200 ℃ and is controlled within a set temperature +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-6 hours, and the grinding and crushing equipment is preferably a Raymond mill, an air flow mill or a powder mill so as to ensure that the microscopic morphology of the potassium titanate powder is not damaged.
The preparation method of the potassium titanate powder takes oxides or hydroxides of titanium and potassium compounds as reaction raw materials, after the soluble potassium source is completely dissolved, the soluble potassium source is added into a titanium precursor, then the potassium source is recrystallized on the surface of the titanium precursor in a nondestructive spray granulation mode to obtain potassium titanate precursor particles with uniform titanium and potassium components, the size of the potassium titanate precursor particles can be regulated as required, and then the potassium titanate powder with different microcosmic morphologies and high crystallinity is prepared by controlling different calcination temperatures, heat preservation time and impact force and shearing force of grinding and crushing, wherein a dispersing agent is added in the preparation process to improve the dispersion degree of the titanium source, and an intercalating agent and a surfactant are added to regulate the microcosmic morphology of the potassium titanate powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. According to the preparation method, a potassium source recrystallization process is utilized, a titanium source is uniformly dispersed in a dispersing agent, then the potassium source is recrystallized on the surface of the titanium source, so that a uniformly mixed potassium titanate precursor with a high uniform titanium-potassium molar ratio is obtained, and the crystallinity of potassium titanate powder after calcination and dispersion is improved;
2. By adding the intercalation agent, potassium titanate powder with different microcosmic morphologies is prepared, so that the application of the potassium titanate in the field of new materials is greatly widened, and the potassium titanate powder serving as a friction material is particularly suitable for manufacturing automobile brake pads and serving as a heat insulation material is particularly suitable for various heat insulation and preservation;
3. The size of the potassium titanate precursor particles can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the spray granulator, so that the microcosmic appearance of the potassium titanate powder after calcination and crushing is regulated and controlled, and the applicability of the product is improved;
4. The preparation method does not need adding KCl, KF, KMnO 4、K2WO4 or other cosolvent, does not need washing to remove cosolvent after the preparation is finished, and is clean and friendly in preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of whisker-like potassium titanate powder obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an XRD characterization diagram of whisker-like potassium titanate powder obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of tunnel-like potassium titanate powder obtained in example 2;
FIG. 4 is an XRD characterization of the tunnel-like potassium titanate powder obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of a platelet-shaped potassium titanate powder obtained in example 3;
FIG. 6 is an XRD characterization pattern of the platelet-shaped potassium titanate powder obtained in example 3;
FIG. 7 is an SEM image of the potassium titanate powder obtained in the comparative example;
fig. 8 is an XRD characterization of the potassium titanate powder obtained in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Any person skilled in the art can make possible variations and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention or modifications to equivalent embodiments of the equivalent variations, using the methods and technical contents of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent variation and modification made according to the technical content of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical protection of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of potassium titanate powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium dodecyl sulfate with the weight of 0.1% of the dry weight of titanium dioxide into anatase titanium dioxide slurry with the concentration of 20%, mixing, ball milling, and sieving with a 325-mesh sieve to obtain a titanium precursor;
(2) Preparing a potassium carbonate saturated solution, adding the solution into a titanium precursor according to the molar ratio of titanium to potassium of 3:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain potassium titanate precursor slurry;
(3) Adding 1% of titanate into the potassium titanate precursor slurry, feeding the slurry into a centrifugal spray granulator, setting the spraying temperature to 250 ℃ and adjusting the parameters of the spray granulator to carry out spray granulation to obtain dry potassium titanate precursor particles with the particle size of 10 mu m;
(4) Adding graphite accounting for 3% of the dry weight of titanium dioxide into potassium titanate precursor particles, sending the mixture into a ball mill for uniform mixing, then sending the mixture into a ceramic sagger made of aluminum oxide, sending the ceramic sagger into a tunnel kiln, adjusting the heating rate of the tunnel kiln to 3 ℃ per minute, heating to 1000+/-5 ℃ and preserving heat to 2h for calcination synthesis, grinding and crushing the mixture by using a Raymond mill after sintering, and obtaining potassium titanate powder after grinding and crushing.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the potassium titanate prepared in the embodiment is whisker-shaped potassium titanate, has obvious whisker structure and moderate length-diameter ratio, is uniformly dispersed, has no obvious clusters, and can be widely used for reinforcing materials and friction materials. As can be seen from fig. 2, the potassium titanate prepared in this example is potassium hexatitanate.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of potassium titanate powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.3 percent of the weight of the dry basis of the meta-titanic acid into the meta-titanic acid slurry with the concentration of 30 percent, mixing, ball milling and sieving with a 325-mesh sieve to obtain a titanium precursor;
(2) Preparing a potassium bicarbonate saturated solution, adding the solution into a titanium precursor according to the molar ratio of titanium to potassium of 3:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain potassium titanate precursor slurry;
(3) Adding 2.5% oleic acid into potassium titanate precursor slurry, feeding into a centrifugal spray granulator, setting the spray temperature to 220 ℃ and adjusting the parameters of the spray granulator to carry out spray granulation to obtain dry potassium titanate precursor particles with the particle size of 20 mu m;
(4) Adding urea accounting for 5% of the dry weight of the metatitanic acid into potassium titanate precursor particles, sending the mixture into a ball mill, uniformly mixing the mixture, then sending the mixture into a ceramic sagger made of zirconia material, sending the mixture into a roller kiln, adjusting the temperature rise rate of the roller kiln to be 5 ℃ per min, heating the mixture to 1100+/-5 ℃ and preserving heat to 4 h ℃ for calcination synthesis, grinding and crushing the mixture by using an air flow mill after sintering, and obtaining tunnel-shaped potassium titanate powder after grinding and crushing.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the potassium titanate prepared in this example is tunnel-like potassium titanate, has an obvious columnar structure, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the potassium titanate prepared in this example is potassium hexatitanate.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of potassium titanate powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding sodium tripolyphosphate with the weight of 0.5% of the dry weight of the orthotitanic acid into the orthotitanic acid slurry with the concentration of 40%, mixing, ball milling, and sieving with a 325-mesh sieve to obtain a titanium precursor;
(2) Preparing a potassium carbonate saturated solution, adding the solution into a titanium precursor according to the molar ratio of titanium to potassium of 3.5:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain potassium titanate precursor slurry;
(3) Adding 5% polysorbate into potassium titanate precursor slurry, feeding into a centrifugal spray granulator, setting the spray temperature to 230 ℃ and adjusting the parameters of the spray granulator to carry out spray granulation to obtain dry potassium titanate precursor particles with the particle size of 50 mu m;
(4) Adding isopropyl amine accounting for 8% of the dry weight of normal titanic acid into potassium titanate precursor particles, sending the mixture into a ball mill, uniformly mixing the mixture, then sending the mixture into a ceramic sagger with zirconia sprayed on the surface, sending the ceramic sagger into a pushed slab kiln, adjusting the temperature rising rate of the pushed slab kiln to be 8 ℃ per min, rising the temperature to 1200+/-5 ℃ and preserving the temperature to 4h for calcination synthesis, grinding and crushing the mixture by an air flow mill after sintering, and obtaining the sheet crystalline potassium titanate powder after grinding and crushing.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the potassium titanate prepared in this embodiment is in a flake structure, is platelet-shaped potassium titanate, has uniform particle size and good dispersibility, and the potassium titanate in the flake structure can better prevent or slow down the transmission of energy into the brake pad in the braking process, absorb noise generated in the braking process, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing novel environment-friendly automobile brake pads. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the potassium titanate prepared by the method is potassium hexatitanate, and has good crystallinity.
The invention has the innovation point that the potassium source and the titanium source which participate in the synthesis reaction can be fully mixed, the dispersing agent is added in the preparation process to improve the dispersing degree of the titanium source, the intercalating agent and the surfactant are added to adjust the micro morphology of the potassium titanate powder, and simultaneously the potassium titanate powder with different particle size distribution is prepared by adjusting the size of the precursor particles of the potassium titanate reaction.
Comparative example:
(1) Preparing orthotitanic acid slurry with the concentration of 40%, uniformly dispersing, and sieving with a 325-mesh sieve to obtain a titanium precursor;
(2) Preparing a potassium hydroxide saturated solution, adding the solution into a titanium precursor according to the molar ratio of titanium to potassium of 3:1, and uniformly mixing to obtain potassium titanate precursor slurry;
(3) Drying the potassium titanate precursor slurry in an oven, grinding the blocky material after drying, and sieving the blocky material with a 200-mesh sieve;
(4) And loading the potassium titanate precursor powder into a ceramic sagger with zirconia sprayed on the surface, feeding the ceramic sagger into a roller kiln for calcination, adjusting the temperature rising rate of the roller kiln to be 5 ℃ per min, rising to 1000+/-5 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours for calcination synthesis, and grinding and crushing by using an air flow mill after sintering to obtain the potassium titanate powder.
As can be seen from FIG. 7, the potassium titanate powder prepared in the comparative example has irregular particle shape, quite uneven size, quite obvious aggregation phenomenon of particles with different shapes, and quite high difficulty in further dispersion. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the potassium titanate prepared by this comparison is inferior in crystallinity and has many unreacted impurity residues.
The foregoing is only the best mode of carrying out the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and the technical effects of the present invention can be achieved, and the present invention shall also be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.