CN119335620A - A device and method for automating the calibration of airborne acoustic detector sensitivity - Google Patents
A device and method for automating the calibration of airborne acoustic detector sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于声学计量测试技术领域，具体公开了一种空气声检波器灵敏度自动化校准装置及方法。本发明装置包括声管校准装置、控制单元、声场检测单元和信号发声及检测单元；控制单元控制信号发声及采集单元在声管校准装置内腔产生声场；声场检测单元通过信号发生及采集单元获取声管校准装置中声场不同位置的信号，将获取的信号传输至控制单元，检测声场分布，获取不同位置的声压；信号发声及采集单元采集标准检波器和待测检波器的输出信号，将采集的信号传输至控制单元后通过对比法标定待测检波器的灵敏度。本发明用于对工作频率范围在1Hz‑2000Hz之间的检波器进行标定，可以实现批量有效标定待测检波器。
The present invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic metrology and testing, and specifically discloses an automatic calibration device and method for the sensitivity of an airborne acoustic detector. The device of the present invention includes a sound tube calibration device, a control unit, a sound field detection unit, and a signal sounding and detection unit; the control unit controls the signal sounding and acquisition unit to generate a sound field in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device; the sound field detection unit obtains signals at different positions of the sound field in the sound tube calibration device through the signal generation and acquisition unit, transmits the acquired signals to the control unit, detects the sound field distribution, and obtains the sound pressure at different positions; the signal sounding and acquisition unit collects the output signals of the standard detector and the detector to be tested, transmits the collected signals to the control unit, and then calibrates the sensitivity of the detector to be tested by a comparison method. The present invention is used to calibrate detectors with an operating frequency range between 1Hz and 2000Hz, and can realize batch and effective calibration of detectors to be tested.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic metering test, and particularly relates to an automatic calibration device and method for sensitivity of an air sound detector.
Background
The geophone is a hardware device for receiving earth surface vibration in seismic exploration, and the performance of the geophone is directly related to the quality and geological effect of acquired data. With the continuous development of acoustic technology, the acoustic application frequency gradually moves to low frequency, so that the requirements on the accuracy and quality of seismic data acquisition are higher and higher, and the unit performance measurement of the related low-frequency detectors is also important.
In the prior art, the calibration method of the low-frequency detector is different according to the difference of the working frequencies of the low-frequency detector, the working frequencies of the low-frequency detector are mostly different from a few hertz to hundreds of hertz in the development process of the earthquake detection technology, the detectors with the working frequencies above 2KHz are usually calibrated by adopting a free field reciprocity method, and the detectors working at the low frequency are difficult to meet the free field and far field test conditions due to longer wavelength of the low frequency band, so that the test calibration is usually carried out in an acoustic tube, and the test calibration method in the acoustic tube mainly comprises a vibration liquid column method, a standing wave tube comparison method, a coupling cavity reciprocity method and a travelling wave tube method. The coupling cavity reciprocity method can only calibrate one detector at a time, and the vibration liquid column method, the standing wave tube comparison method and the traveling wave tube method can calibrate a plurality of detectors at the same time, but the calibration process needs to be carried out in water, so that the operation steps are complex, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic calibrating device for the sensitivity of the air sound detector, which effectively calibrates the detector to be measured in the air through a standard detector with known sensitivity and is suitable for calibrating the detector with the working frequency in the range of 1Hz-2000 Hz.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an automated calibration method for sensitivity of an air-borne sound detector, which is implemented by using the automated calibration device for sensitivity of an air-borne sound detector, and which can implement batch calibration of detectors to be tested in air.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic calibrating device for sensitivity of an air sound detector comprises a sound tube calibrating device, a control unit, a sound field detecting unit and a signal sounding and collecting unit;
The signal output end of the signal sounding and collecting unit is connected with the signal input end of the control unit;
The control unit controls the signal sounding and collecting unit to generate a sound field in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device, and an audio signal of the sound field is used as input signals of the sound field detection unit, the standard detector and the detector to be detected;
the sound field detection unit acquires signals at different positions of a sound field in the sound tube calibration device, and the acquired signals are transmitted to the control unit through the signal generation and acquisition unit to detect sound field distribution, so that sound pressures at different positions are acquired;
the signal sounding and collecting unit is provided with a signal input end connected with the standard detector and the detector to be tested, and the signal sounding and collecting unit collects output signals of the standard detector and the detector to be tested, and the collected signals are transmitted to the control unit and then the sensitivity of the detector to be tested is calibrated through a comparison method.
The control unit is connected with a signal input end of the acquisition card and used for controlling the acquisition card to output a sine sweep frequency continuous signal, the acquisition card is connected with the low-frequency sound source through the low-frequency amplifier and used for loading the sine sweep frequency continuous signal to the low-frequency sound source after being amplified by the low-frequency power amplifier, and the low-frequency sound source is used for transmitting a sound wave signal to generate a sound field in the sound tube calibration device;
the standard detector and the detector to be detected are connected with the acquisition card through the pre-amplifier, and output signals of the standard detector and the detector to be detected are amplified by the pre-amplifier and then transmitted to the acquisition card, and are transmitted to the control unit through the acquisition card.
As a second limitation, the sound field detection unit includes a first microphone and a second microphone, the first microphone and the second microphone amplify the collected audio signals through a preamplifier and transmit the amplified signals to a collection card, and the collection card collects the amplified signals and transmits the signals to the control unit, detects sound field distribution, and obtains sound pressures at different positions.
As a third limitation, the automatic calibration device for the sensitivity of the air sound detector further comprises a data off-line processing unit, wherein the data off-line processing unit comprises a printer and a display, signal input ends of the printer and the display are connected with signal output ends of the control unit, the printer prints test reports in real time, and the display displays a sensitivity calibration curve and a sound pressure distribution curve in the calibrated sound tube in real time.
As a fourth limitation, the control unit employs an industrial control computer.
As a fifth limitation, the preamplifier is four-way acquisition and amplification, and the acquisition card has four-way signal acquisition and one-way analog signal output function.
As a sixth limitation, the automated calibration device for sensitivity of an air sound detector further includes an automated calibration stand for sensitivity, and the automated calibration stand for sensitivity is a box-type structure;
The sound tube calibration device adopts a calibration sound tube, the outer surface of the calibration sound tube is provided with a sound absorption sponge, and the calibration sound tube is arranged in the sensitivity automatic calibration table and is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the sensitivity automatic calibration table;
The acquisition card, the low-frequency power amplifier, the low-frequency sound source and the industrial control computer are all arranged inside the detector sensitivity calibration table.
The invention also discloses an automatic calibration method for the sensitivity of the air sound detector, which comprises the following steps of:
S1, a signal sounding and collecting unit generates a sound field in an inner cavity of a sound tube calibration device;
S2, the sound field detection unit collects audio signals in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device, the collected audio signals are transmitted to the control unit through the signal sounding and collecting unit, sound field distribution is detected, and sound pressures of different positions are obtained;
S3, the detector to be detected and the standard detector transmit the acquired signals to the control unit, and the detector to be detected is calibrated through a comparison method.
The method for generating the sound field by the signal sound generating and collecting unit in the step S1 by using the device is characterized in that the control unit controls the signal sound generating and collecting unit to generate a sine sweep frequency continuous signal with the frequency band of 1Hz-2000Hz, the signal sound generating and collecting unit outputs the amplified power, and the sound field is generated in the inner cavity of the device with the sound tube being aligned.
As a second limitation, the detector to be measured and the standard detector are connected to the input end of the signal sounding and collecting unit while executing steps S1 and S2 or before executing step S3 after executing step S2, and the detector to be measured and the standard detector are ensured to be positioned at the same horizontal height in the cavity of the acoustic tube calibration device.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The device of the invention enables the calibration work of the detectors to be more efficient and convenient, and can realize batch calibration of detectors to be measured only by connecting a standard detector with known sensitivity;
(2) According to the invention, by arranging the preamplifier, the noise of signals received by the standard detector and the detector to be detected is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved;
(3) The sound field detection unit is provided with the first microphone and the second microphone, sound fields at different positions can be obtained by arranging the two microphones at different height positions of the inner cavity of the calibration sound tube, so that whether the sound field is stable or not can be judged, and meanwhile, when the detector is calibrated, the detector to be detected and the standard detector are arranged at the horizontal height between the first microphone and the second microphone, so that the decibel condition required by calibration can be effectively controlled;
(4) According to the invention, the printer and the display are arranged in the offline processing unit, so that the test report can be obtained in real time, the calibration process is intuitively known, and the working efficiency is improved;
(5) The preamplifier adopted by the invention is set to be in multi-channel acquisition and amplification, and the acquisition card adopts multi-channel signal acquisition and analog signal output functions, so that batch rapid calibration of detectors to be detected can be realized;
(6) The sound absorbing sponge is arranged on the outer surface of the calibration sound tube, so that vibration noise, background noise and sound generated by a low-frequency sound source can be absorbed, and the sound intensity is weakened.
In conclusion, the method can realize the batch effective calibration of the detectors with the working frequency ranging from 1Hz to 2000 Hz.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic detector sensitivity calibration device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an automatic detector sensitivity calibration apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an automated detector sensitivity calibration system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an automated calibration inspector interface for sensitivity of a detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
In the figure, 101, a signal sounding and collecting unit, 102, a data off-line processing unit, 1, a detector sensitivity automatic calibration table, 2, a calibration sound tube, 3, a sound absorption sponge, 4, a detector to be detected, 5, a standard detector, 6, a low-frequency sound source, 7, a first microphone, 8, a second microphone, 9, a preamplifier, 10, a collecting card, 11, a printer, 12, a low-frequency power amplifier and 13, an industrial control computer.
Detailed Description
For a better explanation of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 automated calibration device for sensitivity of air-borne sound detector
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in order to make the description of the present embodiment clearer, a detector to be measured 4 and a standard detector 5 are added in fig. 1 to 3. The embodiment comprises a sound tube calibration device, a control unit, a sound field detection unit, a signal sounding and acquisition unit 101, a data off-line processing unit 102 and a detector sensitivity automatic calibration table 1.
The signal input end of the signal sounding and collecting unit 101 is connected with the signal output ends of the control unit and the sound field detecting unit, the signal output end of the signal sounding and collecting unit 101 is connected with the signal input end of the control unit, and the signal input end of the data off-line processing unit 102 is connected with the signal output end of the control unit.
The control unit comprises an industrial control computer 13, the signal sounding and collecting unit 101 comprises a collecting card 10, a low-frequency power amplifier 12 and a pre-amplifier 9, the sound field detecting unit comprises a first microphone 7 and a second microphone 8, the data off-line processing unit 102 comprises a printer 11 and a display, and the sound tube calibrating device adopts a calibrated sound tube 2, wherein the calibrated sound tube 2 in the embodiment is a hollow cylinder.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the control unit is connected to the signal input end of the acquisition card 10, and controls the acquisition card 10 to output a sinusoidal sweep frequency continuous signal with a calibration frequency band of 1Hz-2000Hz, the acquisition card 10 is connected to the low-frequency sound source 6 through the low-frequency amplifier, the sinusoidal sweep frequency continuous signal is amplified by the low-frequency power amplifier 12 and then loaded to the low-frequency sound source 6, and the low-frequency sound source 6 emits a sound wave signal to generate a sound field in the sound tube calibration device.
The standard detector 5 and the detector 4 to be detected are connected with the acquisition card 10 through the pre-amplifier 9, output signals of the standard detector 5 and the detector 4 to be detected are amplified by the pre-amplifier 9 and then transmitted to the acquisition card 10, the signals are transmitted to the control unit through the acquisition card 10, the control unit calibrates the sensitivity of the detector 4 to be detected through a comparison method, signal input ends of the printer 11 and the display are connected with signal output ends of the control unit, the printer 11 prints test reports in real time, and the display displays a sensitivity calibration curve and a sound pressure distribution curve in the calibration sound tube 2 in real time, so that data can be intuitively expressed.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the embodiment, the automatic calibration stand 1 for sensitivity of the detector is of a box type structure, the calibration sound tube 2 is arranged inside the automatic calibration stand 1 for sensitivity of the detector and fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the automatic calibration stand, the outer surface of the calibration sound tube is provided with a sound absorption sponge 3, the first microphone 7 and the second microphone 8 are arranged in the inner cavity of the calibration sound tube 2 and are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction near the side wall, and the acquisition card 10, the low-frequency power amplifier 12, the low-frequency sound source 6 and the industrial control computer 13 are all arranged inside the calibration stand for sensitivity of the detector.
The acquisition card 10 of the embodiment adopts four paths of signal acquisition and one path of analog signal output function, and meanwhile, the preamplifier 9 is arranged to perform four paths of acquisition amplification, so that the sensitivity of four detectors 4 to be detected can be calibrated simultaneously. In this embodiment, only one detector 4 to be detected is taken as an example for calibration. It should be noted that the number of calibration detectors is determined by the number of analog input channels of the acquisition card.
The acquisition card 10 of the embodiment adopts a model of USB-4431, and the calibration sound tube of the embodiment is made of organic glass.
The working principle of this embodiment is that when the present embodiment is used to calibrate the detector to be tested 4, a standard detector 5 and a detector to be tested 4 with known sensitivity need to be prepared, the standard detector 5 and the detector to be tested 4 with known sensitivity are connected to the signal input end of the preamplifier 9, when the calibration is performed, the detector to be tested 4 and the standard detector 5 need to be located at the same level, and the height positions of the detector to be tested 4 and the standard detector 5 are located between the first microphone 7 and the second microphone 8, and the heights of the first microphone and the second microphone are adjustable. After confirming that the connection of the embodiment is correct, the power supply is started, and the embodiment starts to work, namely, the detector 4 to be detected is calibrated.
Example 2 automated calibration method for sensitivity of aero-acoustic detectors
The embodiment provides an automatic calibration method for sensitivity of an aero-acoustic detector, which needs to be implemented by adopting the device in embodiment 1. The embodiment comprises the following steps sequentially carried out:
S1, a control unit controls a signal sounding and collecting unit 101 to generate a sine sweep frequency continuous signal with the frequency range of 1Hz-2000Hz, the signal sounding and collecting unit 101 amplifies power and outputs the power, and a sound field is generated in an inner cavity of a sound tube alignment device.
S2, the sound field detection unit collects audio signals in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device, the collected audio signals are transmitted to the control unit through the signal sounding and collecting unit 101, sound field distribution is detected, and sound pressures of different positions are obtained.
S3, the detector 4 to be detected and the standard detector 5 transmit the acquired signals to a control unit, and the detector 4 to be detected is calibrated through a comparison method.
In this embodiment, the step of connecting the detector to be detected 4 and the standard detector 5 to the input end of the signal generating and collecting unit 101 is performed in step S1, or may be performed simultaneously with performing step S2 or after performing step S2 and before performing step S3, so as to ensure that the detector to be detected 4 and the standard detector 5 are located at the same level in the lumen of the acoustic tube calibration apparatus.
The formula for calculating the sensitivity of the detector 4 to be detected by using the contrast method is as follows: Wherein M a is the sensitivity of the detector 4 to be detected, U a is the open circuit voltage of the output end of the detector 4 to be detected, U j is the open circuit voltage of the output end of the standard detector 5, and M j is the sensitivity value of the standard detector 5.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an exemplary detector sensitivity automated calibration inspector interface including a sensitivity plot, a detector time domain waveform plot, a detector frequency domain plot, a multi-column list box, measurement results, channel selection, and product name setup and calibration completion buttons.
Wherein the sensitivity curves reflect the sensitivity trend of the detector under test 4, different curves representing the sensitivity of different transducers. BT is the sensitivity curve of the standard detector and CH1 is the sensitivity curve of the detector under test 4. The wave form diagram of the detector time domain is the original wave form of the received voltage acquired by the acquisition card 10, BT is the wave form of the standard detector 5, and CH2 is the wave form of the detector 4 to be detected. The detector frequency domain diagram is the fourier transform of the detector time domain waveform diagram signal, reflecting the frequency content of the current signal, where BT is the frequency content of the current signal of the reference detector 5 and CH1 is the frequency content of the current signal of the detector 4 to be detected. The multi-column list box comprises product names, serial numbers, sensitivity data corresponding to different frequency bands and whether the product names, the serial numbers and the sensitivity data are qualified or not. The measuring result shows whether the sensitivity of the detector to be measured meets the qualification standard, the qualification is shown as 'PASS', the disqualification is shown as 'NO', and the channel selection and product name setting button is used for selecting the channel corresponding to the detector to be measured and setting parameters such as product name, model and the like. The calibration button is pressed to indicate that the calibration is being performed, the calibration is performed, and the calibration is completed.
Claims (10)
1. The automatic calibrating device for the sensitivity of the air sound detector is characterized by comprising a sound tube calibrating device, a control unit, a sound field detecting unit and a signal sounding and collecting unit;
The signal output end of the signal sounding and collecting unit is connected with the signal input end of the control unit;
The control unit controls the signal sounding and collecting unit to generate a sound field in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device, and an audio signal of the sound field is used as input signals of the sound field detection unit, the standard detector and the detector to be detected;
the sound field detection unit acquires signals at different positions of a sound field in the sound tube calibration device, and the acquired signals are transmitted to the control unit through the signal generation and acquisition unit to detect sound field distribution, so that sound pressures at different positions are acquired;
the signal sounding and collecting unit is provided with a signal input end connected with the standard detector and the detector to be tested, and the signal sounding and collecting unit collects output signals of the standard detector and the detector to be tested, and the collected signals are transmitted to the control unit and then the sensitivity of the detector to be tested is calibrated through a comparison method.
2. The automatic calibration device for the air sound detection sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein the signal sounding and collecting unit comprises a collecting card, a low-frequency power amplifier, a pre-amplifier and a low-frequency sound source, the control unit is connected with a signal input end of the collecting card and is used for controlling the collecting card to output a sine sweep frequency continuous signal, the collecting card is connected with the low-frequency sound source through the low-frequency amplifier, the sine sweep frequency continuous signal is amplified by the low-frequency power amplifier and then is loaded to the low-frequency sound source, and the low-frequency sound source emits a sound wave signal to generate a sound field in the sound tube calibration device;
the standard detector and the detector to be detected are connected with the acquisition card through the pre-amplifier, and output signals of the standard detector and the detector to be detected are amplified by the pre-amplifier and then transmitted to the acquisition card, and are transmitted to the control unit through the acquisition card.
3. The automated calibration device for sensitivity of an air sound detector according to claim 2, wherein the sound field detection unit comprises a first microphone and a second microphone, the first microphone and the second microphone amplify collected audio signals through a pre-amplifier and transmit the amplified signals to a collection card, and the collection card collects the amplified signals and transmits the signals to the control unit, detects sound field distribution, and obtains sound pressures at different positions.
4. The automated calibration device for air sound detector sensitivity according to claim 3, further comprising a data off-line processing unit, wherein the data off-line processing unit comprises a printer and a display, signal input ends of the printer and the display are connected with signal output ends of the control unit, the printer prints test reports in real time, and the display displays a sensitivity calibration curve and a sound pressure distribution curve inside the calibration sound tube in real time.
5. The automated air detector sensitivity calibration apparatus of claim 4, wherein the control unit employs an industrial control computer.
6. The automated sensitivity calibration device for the air sound detector according to claim 2, wherein the preamplifier is four-way acquisition and amplification, and the acquisition card has four-way signal acquisition and one-way analog signal output function.
7. The automated airborne sound detector sensitivity calibration apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a sensitivity automated calibration station, the sensitivity automated calibration station being a box-type structure;
The sound tube calibration device adopts a calibration sound tube, the outer surface of the calibration sound tube is provided with a sound absorption sponge, and the calibration sound tube is arranged in the sensitivity automatic calibration table and is fixedly arranged on the lower bottom surface of the sensitivity automatic calibration table;
The acquisition card, the low-frequency power amplifier, the low-frequency sound source and the industrial control computer are all arranged inside the detector sensitivity calibration table.
8. An automated method for calibrating sensitivity of an air sound detector, which is implemented by using the automated device for calibrating sensitivity of an air sound detector according to claim 1, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
S1, a signal sounding and collecting unit generates a sound field in an inner cavity of a sound tube calibration device;
S2, the sound field detection unit collects audio signals in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device, the collected audio signals are transmitted to the control unit through the signal sounding and collecting unit, sound field distribution is detected, and sound pressures of different positions are obtained;
S3, the detector to be detected and the standard detector transmit the acquired signals to the control unit, and the detector to be detected is calibrated through a comparison method.
9. The automated calibration device for sensitivity of an air sound detector according to claim 8, wherein the method for generating a sound field in the inner cavity of the calibrated sound tube by the signal generating and collecting unit in the step S1 is that the control unit controls the signal generating and collecting unit to generate a sinusoidal sweep frequency continuous signal with a frequency band of 1Hz-2000Hz, and the signal generating and collecting unit outputs the amplified power to generate the sound field in the inner cavity of the sound tube calibration device.
10. The automated method of calibrating sensitivity of an air-borne sound detector according to claim 8, wherein the detector under test and the standard detector are connected to the input of the signal sound generating and collecting unit while the steps S1, S2 are performed or after the step S2 is performed and before the step S3 is performed, and wherein the detector under test and the standard detector are at the same level in the lumen of the acoustic tube calibration device.
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