CN119527055B - Method and device for reducing energy consumption of whole vehicle, medium and vehicle - Google Patents
Method and device for reducing energy consumption of whole vehicle, medium and vehicleInfo
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- CN119527055B CN119527055B CN202411867445.XA CN202411867445A CN119527055B CN 119527055 B CN119527055 B CN 119527055B CN 202411867445 A CN202411867445 A CN 202411867445A CN 119527055 B CN119527055 B CN 119527055B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method, a device, a medium and a vehicle for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the method comprises the steps of constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to bus loss, wheel end mechanical loss and oil pump working loss of a microcontroller, calibrating motor rotating speed, oil temperature, motor torque and oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, determining target torque of the motor and target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, and accordingly, finding the corresponding motor torque when the whole vehicle energy consumption is minimum according to the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle after calibrating the whole vehicle energy consumption under different motor rotating speeds, oil temperatures, oil pump flow and torque combinations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motor control, in particular to a method and device for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle and the vehicle.
Background
An oil-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor is a motor which adopts a permanent magnet as a rotor and dissipates heat in an oil cooling mode. Drag loss refers to energy loss generated by non-ideal factors (such as pre-tightening of a bearing, friction loss of an oil seal, oil stirring loss generated by oil circulating motion and the like) in the running process of the motor.
In general, a whole vehicle includes two oil-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motors, and for a driving scenario under a small torque condition (for example, an urban condition), in order to reduce drag loss and further reduce energy consumption of the whole vehicle, when the whole vehicle performs a torque distribution strategy, one motor is usually controlled to work, and the other motor is controlled to perform zero torque (unit Nm) output.
However, since the mechanical loss of the wheel end of the whole vehicle, the direct current loss of the bus of the microcontroller (MCU, microcontroller Unit) and the total power loss of oil pump lubrication are not in a linear relation with the output torque of the motor, even if the motor is at zero torque output, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle cannot be ensured to be the lowest, and the cruising ability of the whole vehicle is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for reducing the energy consumption of a whole vehicle and the vehicle, so as to solve or partially solve the technical problems that the energy consumption of the whole vehicle cannot be effectively reduced in the prior art, and the cruising ability of the vehicle is further influenced.
The invention provides a method for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
Determining the bus loss of a microcontroller, the mechanical loss of a wheel end and the working loss of an oil pump of a vehicle, and constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump;
calibrating the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file;
and in the running process of the vehicle, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump, and determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption target function is minimum.
In the above scheme, the determining the bus loss of the microcontroller of the vehicle includes:
acquiring three-phase current of the motor;
determining bus current of the microcontroller according to the three-phase current, a preset modulation ratio, a preset three-phase duty cycle and a compensation factor;
And determining the bus loss of the microcontroller according to the bus current of the microcontroller, the bus voltage of the microcontroller and the electric control compensation loss.
In the above scheme, the determining the wheel end mechanical loss includes:
performing Clark conversion on three-phase current of the motor to obtain direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current;
determining an output torque of the motor according to the direct current, the quadrature current, the pole pair number of the motor, the rotor flux linkage of the motor, the direct inductance and the quadrature inductance of the motor;
Determining a total loss from a load loss, an idle loss, a bearing loss, a seal loss, and a gear accessory loss of the speed reducer;
And determining the wheel end mechanical loss according to the total loss, a preset speed reducer speed ratio, the output torque and the wheel end output rotating speed.
In the above scheme, the determining the working loss of the oil pump includes:
acquiring the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump;
And determining the working loss of the oil pump according to the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump, wherein the working loss of the oil pump is the product value of the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump.
In the above scheme, the calibrating the motor rotation speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file includes:
placing a motor to be tested and an oil pump to be tested on an experiment bench, wherein the experiment bench is positioned in an environment cabin with adjustable experiment temperature;
acquiring a rotating speed range of the motor to be tested, a torque range of the motor to be tested, an oil temperature range of the oil pump to be tested and a flow range of the oil pump to be tested;
Determining a plurality of rotating speeds according to the rotating speed range and the rotating speed calibration step length of a motor to be tested, determining a plurality of oil temperatures according to the oil temperature range and the oil temperature calibration step length of an oil pump to be tested, and determining a plurality of rotating speed and oil temperature combinations according to the plurality of rotating speeds and the plurality of oil temperatures;
determining a plurality of flow rates according to the flow rate range of the oil pump to be tested and the flow rate calibration step length, and determining a plurality of groups of rotation speed, oil temperature and flow rate combinations according to a plurality of rotation speed and oil temperature combinations and the plurality of flow rates;
under the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature and flow, sequentially adjusting the output torque of the motor to be tested in the torque range of the motor to be tested according to a preset torque calibration step length, and determining the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption based on the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque and the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function;
And correlating the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque with the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption to obtain the optimal loss calibration file.
In the above scheme, the maximum torque in the torque range of the motor to be tested is determined according to the wheel end torque, and the wheel end torque is smaller than or equal to zero.
In the above solution, the determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotation speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file includes:
Searching corresponding motor torque and oil pump flow in the optimal loss calibration file based on the current rotating speed and the current oil temperature;
And determining the searched motor torque as the target torque, and determining the searched oil pump flow as the target flow.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the device comprising:
The first determining unit is used for determining the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump of the vehicle, and constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump;
The calibration unit is used for calibrating the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file;
The second determining unit is used for acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function is minimum.
In the above solution, the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
acquiring three-phase current of the motor;
determining bus current of the microcontroller according to the three-phase current, a preset modulation ratio, a preset three-phase duty cycle and a compensation factor;
And determining the bus loss of the microcontroller according to the bus current of the microcontroller, the bus voltage of the microcontroller and the electric control compensation loss.
In the above solution, the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
performing Clark conversion on three-phase current of the motor to obtain direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current;
determining an output torque of the motor according to the direct current, the quadrature current, the pole pair number of the motor, the rotor flux linkage of the motor, the direct inductance and the quadrature inductance of the motor;
Determining a total loss from a load loss, an idle loss, a bearing loss, a seal loss, and a gear accessory loss of the speed reducer;
And determining the wheel end mechanical loss according to the total loss, a preset speed reducer speed ratio, the output torque and the wheel end output rotating speed.
In the above solution, the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
acquiring the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump;
And determining the working loss of the oil pump according to the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump, wherein the working loss of the oil pump is the product value of the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump.
In the above scheme, the calibration unit is specifically configured to:
placing a motor to be tested and an oil pump to be tested on an experiment bench, wherein the experiment bench is positioned in an environment cabin with adjustable experiment temperature;
acquiring a rotating speed range of the motor to be tested, a torque range of the motor to be tested, an oil temperature range of the oil pump to be tested and a flow range of the oil pump to be tested;
Determining a plurality of rotating speeds according to the rotating speed range and the rotating speed calibration step length of a motor to be tested, determining a plurality of oil temperatures according to the oil temperature range and the oil temperature calibration step length of an oil pump to be tested, and determining a plurality of rotating speed and oil temperature combinations according to the plurality of rotating speeds and the plurality of oil temperatures;
determining a plurality of flow rates according to the flow rate range of the oil pump to be tested and the flow rate calibration step length, and determining a plurality of groups of rotation speed, oil temperature and flow rate combinations according to a plurality of rotation speed and oil temperature combinations and the plurality of flow rates;
under the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature and flow, sequentially adjusting the output torque of the motor to be tested in the torque range of the motor to be tested according to a preset torque calibration step length, and determining the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption based on the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque and the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function;
And correlating the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque with the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption to obtain the optimal loss calibration file.
In the above scheme, the maximum torque in the torque range of the motor to be tested is determined according to the wheel end torque, and the wheel end torque is smaller than or equal to zero.
In the above solution, the second determining unit is specifically configured to:
Searching corresponding motor torque and oil pump flow in the optimal loss calibration file based on the current rotating speed and the current oil temperature;
And determining the searched motor torque as the target torque, and determining the searched oil pump flow as the target flow.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the method of any of the first aspects.
In a fourth aspect the invention provides a vehicle comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method of any one of the first aspects when the program is executed.
The invention provides a method, a device, a medium and a vehicle for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the method comprises the steps of determining bus loss of a microcontroller, mechanical loss of a wheel end and working loss of an oil pump of the vehicle, constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption target function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump, calibrating motor rotating speed, oil temperature, motor torque and oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption target function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, determining target torque of the motor and target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow of the oil pump are used for ensuring the minimum output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption target function, calibrating the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the oil pump flow and the torque of the motor in four dimensions according to the whole vehicle energy consumption target function, and the current rotating speed of the motor, the oil pump flow and the torque are calibrated, and the current energy consumption of the vehicle can be further improved when the current motor is combined, and the current energy consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing the energy consumption of a whole vehicle according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a torque map generated during calibration according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram with a portion of a torque map enlarged in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a method for reducing the energy consumption of a whole vehicle, which is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
S110, determining the bus loss of a microcontroller, the mechanical loss of a wheel end and the working loss of an oil pump of the vehicle, and constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump.
The zero torque output of the oil-cooled synchronous motor is simply controlled to be zero torque (0 Nm) output at the spline output end of the motor, but the mechanical loss at the wheel end, the bus loss of a microcontroller (MCU, microcontroller Unit) (the DC loss of an MCU bus) and the working loss of an oil pump are all not in linear relation, namely the torque output of the motor 0 does not represent the lowest energy consumption of the whole vehicle at the moment. Therefore, the invention can minimize the sum of the wheel end mechanical loss, the direct current loss of the MCU bus and the oil pump working loss under certain optimal torque by searching the relation between the wheel end mechanical loss, the direct current loss of the MCU bus and the oil pump working loss and the optimal output torque of the motor, namely, the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is minimized, and the endurance mileage is further improved.
Specifically, when the vehicle controller controls the zero torque output of the motor, there is a mechanical drag of 50Nm on the speed reducer, so there is a drag of 0 to 50Nm on the electric drive assembly, and the drag is applied to the wheels during the vehicle running, so that the vehicle resistance is increased. If the motor outputs a smaller torque (e.g., 1 Nm) in the forward direction, the torque is insufficient to overcome the 50Nm mechanical drag generated by the wheel end, but the mechanical drag of the wheel end becomes smaller, and the vehicle controller is acceptable.
When the output torque of the motor gradually increases to a (for example, a is 6 Nm), although the mechanical drag of 50Nm generated by the wheel end can be overcome, the forward driving wheel end torque also appears at the same time, in this case, unexpected acceleration may occur in the whole vehicle, so that the whole vehicle controller is not allowed in this case, therefore, the invention needs to optimize the whole energy consumption of the vehicle in the torque range of (0-ANm), and the most suitable motor output torque is maximized, so that the whole vehicle energy consumption is minimum.
The whole vehicle energy consumption comprises the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump, so that the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump are determined firstly.
In one embodiment, determining a microcontroller bus loss of a vehicle includes:
Acquiring three-phase current of a motor;
determining bus current of the microcontroller according to the three-phase current, the preset modulation ratio, the preset correction three-phase duty cycle and the compensation factor;
and determining the bus loss of the microcontroller according to the bus current of the microcontroller, the bus voltage of the microcontroller and the electric control compensation loss.
Specifically, three-phase current of the motor can be acquired by using a current sensor, and then bus current i Bus bar of the microcontroller is determined according to formula (1):
In formula (1), μ D is a compensation factor, M is a modulation ratio, i a is a phase current, i b is a B phase current, i c is a C phase current, D a is a modified a phase duty cycle, D b is a modified B phase duty cycle, and D c is a modified C phase duty cycle.
And determining the bus loss P 1 of the microcontroller according to the formula (2):
P1＝Ud×i Bus bar +P0 (2)
In equation (2), U d is the bus voltage of the microcontroller and P 0 is the electronically controlled compensation loss.
In one embodiment, determining wheel end mechanical loss includes:
Performing Clark conversion on three-phase current of the motor to obtain direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current;
Determining the output torque of the motor according to the direct-axis current, the quadrature-axis current, the pole pair number of the motor, the rotor flux linkage of the motor, the direct-axis inductance and the quadrature-axis inductance of the motor;
determining a total loss from the load loss, the no-load loss, the bearing loss, the seal loss, and the gear accessory loss of the speed reducer;
And determining the mechanical loss of the wheel end according to the total loss, the preset speed reducer speed ratio, the output torque and the output rotating speed of the wheel end.
Specifically, after three-phase current of the motor is obtained, three-phase alternating current can be converted from a three-phase static coordinate system to an orthogonal rotation coordinate system according to Clark conversion to obtain two orthogonal currents i a' and i β, and then the two orthogonal currents are subjected to the Clark conversion according to formula (3) to obtain a direct-axis current i d and a quadrature-axis current i q:
in formula (3), θ is a rotor position angle.
After the direct current i d and the quadrature current i q are determined, the output torque T of the motor can be determined according to equation (4):
T=1.5×p×(ψf×iq+(Ld-Lq)×id×iq) (4)
In formula (4), p is the pole pair number of the motor, phi f is the rotor flux linkage, L d is the direct axis inductance, and L q is the quadrature axis inductance.
The total decelerator loss includes load loss, no-load loss, bearing loss, seal loss, and gear accessory loss, and the total decelerator loss P v may be determined according to equation (5):
Pv＝Pvo+Pvz+Pw+Pmo+Pvx (5)
In equation (5), P vo is the retarder load loss, P vz is the no-load loss, P w is the bearing loss, P mo is the seal loss, and P vx is the gear accessory loss.
The load loss of the speed reducer and the load loss of the sealing element are strongly related to the determined motor output torque, namely P vo+Pw -f T, i, the no-load loss is strongly related to the oil pump flow and the oil temperature, namely P vz∝f[q,T Oil (oil) ,i];T Oil (oil) is the oil temperature, q is the oil pump flow, and i is other unknown parameters which possibly have influence on the loss.
The resulting wheel end mechanical loss can be determined according to equation (6):
In the formula (6), P 2 is the wheel end mechanical loss, n out is the wheel end output rotation speed, T is the motor output torque, and i g is the speed reducer speed ratio.
In one embodiment, determining an oil pump operating loss includes:
Acquiring power supply voltage of an oil pump and bus current of the oil pump;
and determining the working loss of the oil pump according to the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump, wherein the working loss of the oil pump is the product value of the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump.
The oil pump working loss P 3 can be determined according to the formula (7):
P3＝Udc×Idc (7)
In the formula (7), U dc is the power supply voltage of the oil pump, the power supply voltage is 12-14V, and I dc is the bus current of the oil pump.
The oil pump loss is strongly related to the flow rate and the oil temperature of the lubricating oil, and both the flow rate and the oil temperature of the lubricating oil affect the oil pump loss. Meanwhile, the flow of the lubricating oil directly influences the lubrication state, and the loss of the speed reducer can be changed. For example, the larger the flow of the oil pump, the smaller the no-load loss P vz, and thus the smaller the retarder loss.
After the bus loss, the wheel end mechanical loss and the oil pump working loss of the microcontroller of the vehicle are all determined, a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function can be constructed according to a formula (8):
Z=P1+P2+P3 (8)
Substituting the determined P 1、P2 and P 3 into the formula (8) to obtain a final whole vehicle energy consumption objective function:
The equation (9) shows that the output torque of the motor can directly influence the bus loss of the microcontroller, and can compensate the original dragging loss of the speed reducer, the oil temperature and the flow directly influence the oil loss of the speed reducer, and the variables are mutually coupled and nonlinear, so that the energy consumption of the whole vehicle can not be simply considered to be the lowest when the output torque of the motor is 0.
And S111, calibrating the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file.
In order to determine the optimal motor output torque and enable the whole vehicle energy consumption to be the lowest, the invention needs to calibrate the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file.
In one embodiment, calibrating a motor rotation speed, an oil temperature, a motor torque and an oil pump flow of a vehicle according to a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file, including:
placing a motor to be tested and an oil pump to be tested on an experiment bench, wherein the experiment bench is positioned in an environment cabin with adjustable experiment temperature;
acquiring a rotating speed range of a motor to be detected, a torque range of the motor to be detected, an oil temperature range of an oil pump to be detected and a flow range of the oil pump to be detected;
Determining a plurality of rotating speeds according to the rotating speed range and the rotating speed calibration step length of the motor to be tested, determining a plurality of oil temperatures according to the oil temperature range and the oil temperature calibration step length of the oil pump to be tested, and determining a plurality of rotating speeds and oil temperature combinations according to the plurality of rotating speeds and the plurality of oil temperatures;
Determining a plurality of flow rates according to the flow rate range and the flow rate calibration step length of the oil pump to be tested, and determining a plurality of groups of rotation speed, oil temperature and flow rate combinations according to a plurality of rotation speed and oil temperature combinations and a plurality of flow rates;
Under the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature and flow, the output torque of the motor to be tested is sequentially regulated in the torque range of the motor to be tested according to the preset torque calibration step length, and the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption is determined based on the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque and the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function;
And correlating the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque with the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption to obtain an optimal loss calibration file.
The maximum torque in the torque range of the motor to be tested is determined according to the wheel end torque, and the wheel end torque is smaller than or equal to zero. Namely, when the motor to be tested outputs the maximum torque, the torque of the wheel end cannot generate the torque with the positive direction larger than 0, so that unexpected acceleration of the vehicle is avoided.
Specifically, the calibration steps are as follows:
S1, preparing an experiment bench and an environmental cabin, wherein the experiment bench is a 3-in 1-out (3-input port and 1-output port) assembly bench.
S2, adjusting the temperature of the environmental chamber to enable the oil temperature range to be-40 ℃ to 85 ℃, wherein a power analyzer is required to be arranged on a bus of the MCU, a low-voltage stabilized power supply is required to be independently arranged on the oil pump low-voltage power supply for monitoring the power of the oil pump, and the oil temperature calibration step size is 5 ℃ or 10 ℃.
And S3, setting the rotating speed range of the motor to be tested, wherein the rotating speed range of the motor is generally 0-20000 rpm, the rotating speed range (calibration range) can be determined to be 0-120000 rpm, and the rotating speed calibration step length is 500rpm or 1000rpm and can be set according to actual requirements.
S4, setting the torque range of the motor to be tested to be 0-A, wherein the A value needs to ensure that the torque of the wheel end cannot be the torque with the positive direction larger than 0, and the torque calibration step length can be 1Nm.
S5, setting a flow range of the oil pump, wherein the flow of the oil pump is regulated by the rotating speed of the oil pump, and the set flow range is 0~n max,nmax which can be determined according to the type of the oil pump. The flow calibration step size can be 1L/min.
The step S4 and the step S5 may be performed in no order.
In the actual calibration process, the rotation speed and the oil temperature are used as fixed quantities, the oil pump flow and the motor torque are respectively regulated to obtain a plurality of groups of combinations of the rotation speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque, the combination of each group of the rotation speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque is traversed to calibrate the energy consumption, each group of the rotation speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque are respectively substituted into the formula (9), the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption can be obtained, and finally a calibration data table (map) which is an optimal loss calibration file can be generated.
Specifically, the invention is multi-parameter calibration, and two variables of the rotating speed of the motor and the oil temperature of the oil pump follow the running state of the whole vehicle, and the two parameters are included in the calibration process so as to calibrate the optimal loss calibration file under the whole working condition. Namely, the invention is mainly used for mainly discussing that under the condition of a certain combination of rotating speed and oil temperature, a group of parameter combinations are obtained by adjusting two variables of motor torque and oil pump flow, and then the group of parameters are substituted into the formula (9) to obtain the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption.
When the calibration is carried out, a plurality of rotating speeds can be divided according to the rotating speed range and the rotating speed calibration step length, a plurality of oil temperatures can be divided according to the oil temperature range and the oil temperature calibration step length, and the rotating speeds and the oil temperatures are respectively combined to obtain all parameter combinations of the rotating speeds and the oil temperatures.
For the motor torque and the oil pump flow, the same needs are divided into a plurality of output torques according to the motor torque range and the torque calibration step length and a plurality of flows according to the flow range and the flow calibration step length of the oil pump. The motor torque has larger influence weight on the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, and the oil pump flow has smaller influence weight on the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, so when the motor torque is calibrated, the flow can be fixed at first to form parameter combinations of rotating speed, oil temperature and flow, then different output torques are tested in sequence under each parameter combination of the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque to obtain the corresponding energy consumption of the whole vehicle under the parameter combinations of the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque, and the corresponding energy consumption of the whole vehicle is obtained by circulating until all the parameter combinations of the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the flow and the torque are tested.
For example, in a whole vehicle environment with a motor rotation speed of 2000rpm and an oil temperature of 20 ℃, the motor torque range is (0, 10 Nm), the oil pump flow range corresponding to the oil pump flow range is (0,10L/min), when the parameter combinations of all rotation speeds, oil temperatures, flow and torque are calibrated, the whole energy consumption is found to be firstly reduced under the condition of small torque of the motor, then the whole energy consumption is suddenly increased after the torque is increased to 5Nm, and meanwhile, the whole energy consumption is also influenced by the oil pump working flow, but the influence is small. The map of the torque map generated in the calibration process is shown in fig. 2.
The fig. 2 is amplified to obtain fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, when the energy consumption of the whole vehicle is minimum, the corresponding motor torque is 1-1.5 Nm, the corresponding oil pump flow is 2-4L/min, and the whole energy consumption is 634W, compared with the whole energy consumption 750W generated by directly outputting the motor to be 0Nm in the prior art, the whole energy consumption is reduced by 116W.
That is, for a whole vehicle with a motor at 2000rpm and an oil temperature of 20 ℃, the optimal output torque should be 1 to 1.5Nm (for example, 1.25Nm can be averaged), and the optimal oil pump flow should be 2 to 4L/min (for example, 3L/min can be averaged).
According to the same method, the whole energy consumption under the combination of all the parameters of the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the torque and the flow can be finally calibrated, and an optimal loss calibration file is obtained.
And S112, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, and determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function is minimum.
In the actual running process of the vehicle, if the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump can be obtained in a small torque scene, the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump are determined based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and an optimal loss calibration file, and the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function is minimum.
In one embodiment, determining a target torque of the motor and a target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotational speed, the current oil temperature, and the optimal loss calibration file includes:
searching corresponding motor torque and oil pump flow in an optimal loss calibration file based on the current rotating speed and the current oil temperature;
and determining the searched motor torque as a target torque, and determining the searched oil pump flow as a target flow.
Continuing to accept the above example, if the current rotation speed of the motor is 2000rpm and the current oil temperature of the oil pump is 20 ℃, then the corresponding target torque is found to be 1.25Nm in the optimal loss calibration file, and the corresponding target flow is found to be 3L/min.
The method comprises the steps of determining a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function through bus loss of a microcontroller, wheel end mechanical loss and oil pump working loss, calibrating from four dimensions of motor rotation speed, oil temperature, oil pump flow and torque, and accordingly obtaining whole vehicle energy consumption under different motor rotation speeds, oil temperatures, oil pump flow and torque combinations, wherein in the actual running process of a vehicle, motor torque corresponding to the minimum whole vehicle energy consumption can be found according to the current rotation speed of a motor and the current oil temperature of an oil pump, and compared with the direct zero-setting operation of motor torque, the whole vehicle energy consumption can be further reduced, and the vehicle cruising ability is improved.
Based on the same inventive concept as in the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment further provides a device for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, as shown in fig. 4, where the device includes:
A first determining unit 41, configured to determine a bus loss of a microcontroller, a mechanical loss of a wheel end, and an operating loss of an oil pump of a vehicle, and construct a target function of energy consumption of the whole vehicle according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end, and the operating loss of the oil pump;
the calibration unit 42 is configured to calibrate a motor rotation speed, an oil temperature, a motor torque and an oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the overall vehicle energy consumption objective function, so as to obtain an optimal loss calibration file;
And a second determining unit 43, configured to obtain a current rotation speed of the motor and a current oil temperature of the oil pump during a driving process of the vehicle, determine a target torque of the motor and a target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotation speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, where the target torque and the target flow are used to ensure that an output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function is minimum.
Because the device described in the embodiment of the present invention is a device used for implementing the method for reducing the energy consumption of the whole vehicle in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the method described in the embodiment of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and the deformation of the device, and therefore, the detailed description thereof is omitted herein. All devices used in the method of the embodiment of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the methods described above.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides a vehicle comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which processor implements the steps of any of the methods described above when executing the program.
Through one or more embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following benefits or advantages:
The invention provides a method, a device, a medium and a vehicle for reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the method comprises the steps of determining bus loss of a microcontroller, mechanical loss of a wheel end and working loss of an oil pump of the vehicle, constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption target function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump, calibrating motor rotating speed, oil temperature, motor torque and oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption target function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, determining target torque of the motor and target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow of the oil pump are used for ensuring the minimum output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption target function, calibrating the rotating speed, the oil temperature, the oil pump flow and the torque of the motor in four dimensions according to the whole vehicle energy consumption target function, and the current rotating speed of the motor, the oil pump flow and the torque are calibrated, and the current energy consumption of the vehicle can be further improved when the current motor is combined, and the current energy consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
The above description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of reducing energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the method comprising:
Determining the bus loss of a microcontroller, the mechanical loss of a wheel end and the working loss of an oil pump of a vehicle, and constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump;
calibrating the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file;
and in the running process of the vehicle, acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump, and determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption target function is minimum.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the vehicle's microcontroller bus loss comprises:
acquiring three-phase current of the motor;
determining bus current of the microcontroller according to the three-phase current, a preset modulation ratio, a preset three-phase duty cycle and a compensation factor;
And determining the bus loss of the microcontroller according to the bus current of the microcontroller, the bus voltage of the microcontroller and the electric control compensation loss.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining wheel end mechanical loss comprises:
performing Clark conversion on three-phase current of the motor to obtain direct-axis current and quadrature-axis current;
determining an output torque of the motor according to the direct current, the quadrature current, the pole pair number of the motor, the rotor flux linkage of the motor, the direct inductance and the quadrature inductance of the motor;
determining a total loss from the load loss, the no-load loss, the bearing loss, the seal loss, and the gear accessory loss of the speed reducer;
And determining the wheel end mechanical loss according to the total loss, a preset speed reducer speed ratio, the output torque and the wheel end output rotating speed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining the oil pump operating loss comprises:
acquiring the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump;
And determining the working loss of the oil pump according to the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump, wherein the working loss of the oil pump is the product value of the power supply voltage of the oil pump and the bus current of the oil pump.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein calibrating the motor speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque, and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the overall vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file comprises:
placing a motor to be tested and an oil pump to be tested on an experiment bench, wherein the experiment bench is positioned in an environment cabin with adjustable experiment temperature;
acquiring a rotating speed range of the motor to be tested, a torque range of the motor to be tested, an oil temperature range of the oil pump to be tested and a flow range of the oil pump to be tested;
Determining a plurality of rotating speeds according to the rotating speed range and the rotating speed calibration step length of a motor to be tested, determining a plurality of oil temperatures according to the oil temperature range and the oil temperature calibration step length of an oil pump to be tested, and determining a plurality of rotating speed and oil temperature combinations according to the plurality of rotating speeds and the plurality of oil temperatures;
determining a plurality of flow rates according to the flow rate range of the oil pump to be tested and the flow rate calibration step length, and determining a plurality of groups of rotation speed, oil temperature and flow rate combinations according to a plurality of rotation speed and oil temperature combinations and the plurality of flow rates;
under the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature and flow, sequentially adjusting the output torque of the motor to be tested in the torque range of the motor to be tested according to a preset torque calibration step length, and determining the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption based on the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque and the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function;
And correlating the combination of each group of rotating speed, oil temperature, flow and output torque with the corresponding whole vehicle energy consumption to obtain the optimal loss calibration file.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the maximum torque in the torque range of the motor under test is determined from a wheel end torque, the wheel end torque being less than or equal to zero.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotational speed, the current oil temperature, and the optimal loss calibration file comprises:
Searching corresponding motor torque and oil pump flow in the optimal loss calibration file based on the current rotating speed and the current oil temperature;
And determining the searched motor torque as the target torque, and determining the searched oil pump flow as the target flow.
8. A device for reducing the energy consumption of a whole vehicle, the device comprising:
The first determining unit is used for determining the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump of the vehicle, and constructing a whole vehicle energy consumption objective function according to the bus loss of the microcontroller, the mechanical loss of the wheel end and the working loss of the oil pump;
The calibration unit is used for calibrating the motor rotating speed, the oil temperature, the motor torque and the oil pump flow of the vehicle according to the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function to obtain an optimal loss calibration file;
The second determining unit is used for acquiring the current rotating speed of the motor and the current oil temperature of the oil pump in the running process of the vehicle, determining the target torque of the motor and the target flow of the oil pump based on the current rotating speed, the current oil temperature and the optimal loss calibration file, wherein the target torque and the target flow are used for ensuring that the output value of the whole vehicle energy consumption objective function is minimum.
9. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.
10. A vehicle comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-7 when the program is executed.
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| CN116505808A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-07-28 | 哈尔滨东安汽车动力股份有限公司 | Permanent magnet synchronous motor calibration method for searching optimal solution in segmentation mode |
| CN116502444A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-28 | 深蓝汽车科技有限公司 | Oil temperature estimation method and device for oil cooling electric drive system, vehicle and storage medium |
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| CN115959134A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-14 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle energy consumption distribution calculation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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