COF inverse opal photonic crystal and application thereof in label-free detection of AFB 1
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of small molecule toxin detection, and particularly relates to a COF inverse opal photonic crystal and application thereof, and a method for detecting AFB 1 without a mark.
Background
Aflatoxins (AFT) and their producing bacteria are widely distributed in nature, and some strains produce more than one type of aflatoxin. Wherein aflatoxin can be detected in seeds of cereal and oil crops, processed products, dried fresh fruits, condiments, tobacco, milk and dairy products, meats, fish and shrimp, and animal feeds. Among them, peanut and corn are the most easily polluted, and the highest occurrence probability of aflatoxin in food and feed in hot and humid areas.
AFT is a serious poison for both humans and animals, but the toxicity varies greatly between different types of AFT, AFB 1 being the most carcinogenic poison currently known. The international cancer institutes research has shown that there are enough epidemiology and animal experiments in humans to demonstrate that AFB 1 is highly carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. AFB 1 has not only extremely strong acute toxicity but also chronic toxicity, and if a large amount of food contaminated with AFB 1 is taken in a short period of time, serious liver injury and bile duct hyperplasia can be caused, and life is endangered, and if a certain amount of AFB 1 is taken continuously in a certain period of time, growth disorder and chronic liver injury are manifested. Therefore, a rapid detection technology of mycotoxins in grains and products thereof needs to be established, and good guarantee is provided for food safety and people health.
The existing detection methods of aflatoxin commonly used include instrumental analysis methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoassay methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold immunochromatography, and other detection methods such as surface Raman spectroscopy and biosensor methods. The existing detection method has high sensitivity and good accuracy, but the instrument has high price and needs professional operation. Therefore, there is a need to construct a simple-to-operate, rapid-response sensing detection technique to achieve rapid screening of AFB 1.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sensing detection technology which is simple to operate and quick in response, so as to realize rapid label-free detection of mycotoxins in foods.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a COF inverse opal photonic crystal (COF-IOPC) produced by a method comprising:
(1) Preparing SiO 2 photonic crystals by adopting a finite field self-assembly method;
(2) Covering the SiO 2 photonic crystal with a COF solution;
(3) And etching the SiO 2 microsphere by using HF to prepare the COF inverse opal photonic crystal.
The COF solution can be coated by a drop method or a siphon method, so long as the volume of the COF solution can cover the SiO 2 photonic crystal.
Specifically, the preparation method of the COF-IOPC comprises the following steps:
(1) Adhering a PDMS fence to a glass slide, then dripping the SiO 2 microsphere suspension into the PDMS fence, drying to obtain a tightly-stacked SiO 2 photonic crystal, and removing the PDMS fence;
(ii) And (3) dropwise adding the COF solution to one surface of a glass slide, on which SiO 2 photonic crystals are built, covering and fixing a piece of organic glass, sealing and standing for a period of time at room temperature, soaking the glass slide in an HF solution to etch SiO 2 microspheres, and flushing the glass slide with deionized water after etching to obtain the COF inverse opal photonic crystals.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the size of the SiO 2 microsphere is 150-300 nm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the COF solution is prepared from 1,3, 5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene and 2, 5-divinylbenzene, and specifically, the preparation method of the COF solution comprises the steps of:
mixing 1,3, 5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene, 2, 5-divinyl terephthalaldehyde and acetonitrile, ultrasonically dissolving, and then adding glacial acetic acid for uniformly mixing. The weight ratio of the 1,3, 5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene to the 2, 5-divinyl terephthalaldehyde is preferably 1.1-1.3:1.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the SiO 2 microsphere suspension is 0.05-2% (m: v).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time of sealing and standing at room temperature is 12-72 h.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the HF solution is 1 to 3% (v: v).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the etching time in the HF solution is 12-36 hours.
The second aspect of the invention provides the use of the COF inverse opal photonic crystal described above in label-free detection of AFB 1.
A third aspect of the invention provides a method of label-free detection of AFB 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Fixing COF inverse opal photonic crystals at the bottom of a container, adding a methanol aqueous solution stabilizing material, detecting by adopting an optical fiber spectrometer, and recording the intensity of a reflection peak;
(2) Adding a sample to be detected into the system, detecting by adopting an optical fiber spectrometer, recording the intensity of a reflection peak, and calculating the change of the intensity of the reflection peak before and after the sample to be detected is added;
(3) Substituting the change of the reflection peak intensity into a response standard curve of the COF inverse opal photonic crystal to the AFB 1, and calculating the content of the AFB 1 in the sample to be detected.
The sample to be tested may be a solid powder that may contain AFB 1, including, but not limited to, corn flour, wheat flour, milk powder, and the like.
When the sample to be detected is solid powder, the method further comprises pretreatment of the sample to be detected, namely, mixing the solid powder with a solvent in an oscillating way, centrifuging, and taking supernatant for detection. The solvent is an organic solvent capable of dissolving AFB 1, for example methanol.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing the response standard curve of the COF inverse opal photonic crystal to AFB 1 includes the following steps:
(1) Preparing an AFB 1 standard substance into a series of AFB 1 standard substance solutions with concentration gradients by adopting a methanol aqueous solution;
(2) Fixing COF inverse opal photonic crystals at the bottom of a container, adding a methanol aqueous solution stabilizing material, detecting by adopting an optical fiber spectrometer, and recording the intensity of a reflection peak;
(3) Adding AFB 1 standard substance solution into the system in sequence from low concentration to high concentration, detecting by using an optical fiber spectrometer, recording the intensity of reflection peak, and calculating the change of the intensity of reflection peak before and after adding the solution;
(4) And (3) taking the concentration of the AFB 1 standard substance solution as an abscissa and the change of the reflection peak intensity as an ordinate, and manufacturing a response standard curve of the COF inverse opal photonic crystal to the AFB 1.
Compared with other detection methods, the COF-IOPC provided by the invention does not need additional marks, is simple to operate, and can realize rapid detection of the AFB 1 by only using an optical fiber spectrometer. The method for preparing the COF-IOPC material optimizes the method for synthesizing the material, the proportion of the ligand used by the COF solution, the volume used by dripping the COF solution and the reaction time of the COF-PC in the process of preparing the COF-IOPC material, and the COF-IOPC material prepared under the optimal condition can more accurately and sensitively identify the AFB 1, is soaked in 10% methanol aqueous solution, has better stability and can be stored for a longer time.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of PDMS fence.
FIG. 2 shows SEM scanning electron microscope images, optical images and reflection spectra of SiO 2 PC, (A) SEM images (top view) of SiO 2 PC, (B) SEM images (side view) of SiO 2 PC, and (C) reflection spectra of SiO 2 PC (lambda=503 nm, inset: optical images of green SiO 2 PC).
FIG. 3 shows SEM scanning electron microscope images, optical images and reflection spectra of COF-IOPC, (A) SEM images of COF-IOPC, and (B) reflection spectra of COF-IOPC (inset: yellow-green optical image of COF-IOPC).
FIG. 4 shows the response of COF-IOPC to AFB1, (A) the response kinetics of COF-IOPC to AFB 1, (B) the optical response of COF-IOPC to AFB 1, and (C) the standard curve of COF-IOPC to AFB 1.
FIG. 5 shows the response specificity results of COF-IOPC to (A) ZEN, (B) T-2, and (C) OTA.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
The embodiment is used for explaining a novel COF inverse opal photonic crystal (COF-IOPC) for detecting AFB 1 without labels and preparation thereof, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 1mL of a 10% (m: v) suspension of 230nm SiO 2 microspheres was added to 20mL of deionized water, sonicated, centrifuged (8000 rpm,15 min);
(2) Washing with water for three times, pouring out supernatant, adding deionized water to prepare 10mL of 1% (m: v) SiO 2 microsphere suspension;
(3) Adhering the prepared PDMS fence on a glass slide substrate, then dripping 0.3mL of 1% (m: v) microsphere suspension into the PDMS fence (figure 1) by adopting a limited-domain self-assembly method, putting into a 60 ℃ drying oven for drying for 2 hours, and removing the PDMS fence to obtain SiO 2 PC for standby, wherein an SEM scanning electron microscope image, an optical image and a reflection spectrum image of the SiO 2 PC are shown as figure 2, and the SiO 2 photonic crystal is obtained;
(4) Preparing a COF solution, namely accurately weighing 0.014g of TPB (1, 3, 5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene) and 0.011g of DVA (2, 5-divinyl terephthalaldehyde) in a brown glass bottle, then adding 5mL of Acetonitrile (ACN), ultrasonically dissolving for 3min, adding 0.7mL of glacial acetic acid (HAc) after the powder is completely dissolved, uniformly mixing, and fully mixing until the solution turns to be creamy yellow and contains floccules;
(5) Preparing COF-IOPC, namely dripping 0.1mL of COF solution on one surface of a glass slide, which is covered with SiO 2 PC, using a dripping method, then placing a piece of PMMA organic glass to cover SiO 2 PC, fixing by using a dovetail clamp, sealing and standing for 48 hours at room temperature, soaking the glass slide in HF solution with the mass and volume fraction of 2% (v: v) for 24 hours to etch SiO 2 microspheres, flushing the glass slide with deionized water for 3-5 times after etching is finished, and then soaking the glass slide in 10% methanol aqueous solution for standby. SEM scanning electron microscope images, optical images and reflection spectra of COF-IOPC are shown in fig. 3 (a) and (B) and the inset, illustrating that COF-IOPC was produced.
Example 2
This example is presented to illustrate the establishment of a response standard curve for COF-IOPC to AFB 1.
(1) 1Mg/mL of AFB 1 standard methanol solution is diluted to 50 mug/mL, 40 mug/mL, 30 mug/mL and 20 mug/mL in a gradient manner by using 10% methanol water solution (v: v), and then diluted to 10 mug/mL, 5 mug/mL and 1 mug/mL in a gradient manner by using deionized water;
(2) Fixing a COF-IOPC material on the bottom of a glass plate by using a double-sided adhesive tape, adding 10mL of 10% methanol aqueous solution (v: v) stabilizing material, performing optical fiber detection until a spectrum image is stable and unchanged, and recording reflection peak intensity;
(3) Then adding 0.1mL of AFB 1 solution sequentially from low concentration to high concentration, waiting for 30min after each addition until the spectrum image is not changed, recording the intensity of the reflection peak and calculating the change of the intensity of the reflection peak;
(4) And (3) drawing a standard curve y=0.24783x+4.16388, R 2 = 0.9872, and the linear range is 1 mug/mL-50 mug/mL, and the minimum detection limit is 4.05 mug/mL by taking the concentration of AFB 1 in a detection system as an abscissa and the change of reflection peak intensity as an ordinate.
FIG. 4 shows the response of COF-IOPC to AFB 1, (A) the response kinetics of COF-IOPC to AFB 1, (B) the optical response of COF-IOPC to AFB 1, and (C) the standard curve of COF-IOPC to AFB 1. It can be seen that the COF-IOPC has a better response to AFB 1.
Example 3
This example illustrates the response specificity of COF-IOPC to (A) ZEN, (B) T-2, and (C) OTA.
(A) Response-specific detection of COF-IOPC to ZEN
1) 1Mg/mL of ZEN standard methanol solution was gradient diluted to 50. Mu.g/mL, 40. Mu.g/mL, 30. Mu.g/mL, 20. Mu.g/mL with 10% aqueous methanol (v: v), 10. Mu.g/mL, 5. Mu.g/mL, 1. Mu.g/mL with deionized water;
2) Fixing a COF-IOPC material on the bottom of a glass plate by using a double-sided adhesive tape, adding 10mL of 10% methanol aqueous solution (v: v) stabilizing material, detecting a reflection spectrum image of the COF-IOPC by using an optical fiber spectrometer until the image is stable and unchanged, and recording;
3) Thereafter, 0.1mL of ZEN solution was added sequentially from low concentration to high concentration, and after each addition, the reaction was continued for 30 minutes until the spectral image was no longer changed, and the spectral image was recorded. The results are shown in FIG. 5A.
(B) Response-specific detection of COF-IOPC on T-2
1) 1Mg/mL of the T-2 standard methanol solution was diluted with 10% aqueous methanol (v: v) to 50. Mu.g/mL, 40. Mu.g/mL, 30. Mu.g/mL, 20. Mu.g/mL, 10. Mu.g/mL, 5. Mu.g/mL, 1. Mu.g/mL with deionized water;
2) Fixing a COF-IOPC material on the bottom of a glass plate by using a double-sided adhesive tape, adding 10mL of 10% methanol aqueous solution (v: v) stabilizing material, detecting a reflection spectrum image of the COF-IOPC by using an optical fiber spectrometer until the image is stable and unchanged, and recording;
3) Thereafter, 0.1mL of the T-2 solution was added in order from low concentration to high concentration, and after each addition, the reaction was continued for 30 minutes until the spectral image was no longer changed, and the spectral image was recorded. The results are shown in FIG. 5B.
(C) Response-specific detection of COF-IOPC to OTA
1) Gradient diluting 1mg/mL of OTA standard methanol solution to 50 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 30 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL with 10% aqueous methanol solution (v: v), gradient diluting 10 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL with deionized water;
2) Fixing a COF-IOPC material on the bottom of a glass plate by using a double-sided adhesive tape, adding 10mL of 10% methanol aqueous solution (v: v) stabilizing material, detecting a reflection spectrum image of the COF-IOPC by using an optical fiber spectrometer until the image is stable and unchanged, and recording;
3) Thereafter, 0.1mL of the OTA solution was added sequentially from low concentration to high concentration, and after each addition, the reaction was continued for 30 minutes until the spectral image was no longer changed, and the spectral image was recorded. The results are shown in FIG. 5C.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the COF-IOPC is not responsive to other small molecule toxins ZEN, T-2 and OTA, demonstrating its specificity for detecting AFB 1.
Example 4
This example is presented to illustrate the use of COF-IOPC for actual sample detection.
(1) Sample pretreatment, namely selecting any solid powder (corn flour and wheat flour), weighing 5g of the powder into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding AFB 1 methanol aqueous solution (70:30, v:v) with known concentration into the centrifuge tube, mixing uniformly by vortex, placing the mixture into a shaking table for shaking for 20min at 140rpm, centrifuging for 10min at 6000rpm, and taking supernatant for later use;
(2) Immersing COF-IOPC in 10mL 10% methanol aqueous solution (v: v), immersing an optical fiber probe of an optical fiber spectrometer below the liquid level, dropwise adding 0.1mL of the sample treatment liquid into a detection system after the optical fiber spectrometer is stable, waiting for 30min, recording the intensity of a reflection peak before and after the sample is added, and calculating the change of the intensity of the reflection peak;
(3) The change in the intensity of the reflection peak was substituted into the standard curve, and the concentration of AFB 1 was calculated and compared with the standard concentration, and the results are shown in table 1.
(4) The above samples were subjected to the labelling recovery test using the method GB5009.22-2016 and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1COF-IOPC results of detection of labeled samples (n=3)
Nd is not detected.
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the concentration of the sample measured by the method of the invention is close to the actual concentration, and the relative standard deviation is obviously lower than that of the national standard method, which proves that the method for detecting AFB 1 by adopting the COF inverse opal photonic crystal has good accuracy.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.