CN119645959B

CN119645959B - Construction method and platform of urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM

Info

Publication number: CN119645959B
Application number: CN202411672784.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛华松; 尹子佩; 万力滔; 张昌禹; 朱玲娜
Original assignee: Chongqing University
Current assignee: Chongqing University
Filing date: 2024-11-21
Publication date: 2025-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2044-11-21

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and platform for constructing a city's historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM. The method comprises: obtaining historical geographic information and historical surveying and mapping photographic data of a target city; using a GIS system platform to classify and attribute the target city's spatial information based on the historical geographic information, thereby generating a spatial information database; combining the GIS system platform and the BIM system platform to perform three-dimensional modeling of the target city's buildings and mountain environment based on the historical surveying and mapping photographic data, thereby generating a spatial model database; generating a linked data layer for the target city based on the GIS system platform; and constructing a city's historical mountain landscape database based on the spatial information database, the spatial information database, and the linked data layer. By combining the GIS and BIM system platforms to perform three-dimensional modeling of a city's buildings and mountain environment, the present invention can improve the modeling accuracy of small and medium-scale building environments and low mountains.

Description

Urban historical mountain landscape database construction method and platform based on GIS and BIM

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of landscape architecture and big data, in particular to a method and a platform for constructing an urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM.

Background

Under the influence of rapid urban construction, the crushing of the historical landscape and the loss of cultural heritage are extremely serious practical dilemma faced by the current China historical city protection. The ancient Chinese is characterized in that the urban planning and landscape construction of the mountain-dependent city and the winning are carried out in a smart way, so that the urban historical mountain scenery of the Chinese is subjected to deep cultural evolution and remains accumulation, and a unique urban historical landscape is formed. Therefore, the historical cultural resources of the mountain scene are identified and the landscape space is analyzed, so that the value of the mountain scene as a heritage is improved, and the mountain scene is the research focus of current urban historical landscape protection.

The construction of the urban historical mountain landscape database is an important means for protecting and managing the precious resources. The database can intensively store and manage multidimensional space information such as space, attribute, historical images and the like of mountain landscapes, and provides comprehensive and accurate data support for city planning and mountain protection. Through the data analysis and report generation functions, governments and related institutions can make decisions more scientifically, promoting sustainable development of landscapes. The establishment of the database can also improve the data query speed and enhance the data security. More importantly, the establishment of the urban historical mountain landscape database is also beneficial to mining and inheriting the historical culture of the city. Through the digital means, the history transition, cultural legend and other information of mountain landscapes are recorded and displayed, so that citizens and tourists can know the past and the present of cities more deeply, and the recognition sense and the attribution sense of the cities are enhanced.

In the current construction process of the urban historical mountain landscape database, the extracted historical material information is fragmented, and hidden space rules and geographic information are difficult to mine. The garden literature histories are integrated on the basis of ArcGIS, webGIS and other platforms, so that a city history mountain landscape resource geographic information system is established, space coordinates can be classified, positioned and view structure analyzed, the quantity distribution, evolution trend and influence factors of key elements of mountain-city-view can be displayed, and further deep explanation and analysis of a time-lapse formation mechanism are facilitated. However, the present GIS technology has outstanding advantages in land utilization analysis under large-scale geographic environment, and has limited precision in small-and medium-scale building environment and low mountain, so that the constructed urban historical mountain landscape database has low data comprehensiveness and precision.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for constructing an urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM, which is used for three-dimensionally modeling urban buildings and mountain environments by combining GIS and BIM system platforms, so that the modeling precision of the small and medium-sized building environments and low mountain is improved, and the data comprehensiveness and accuracy of constructing the urban historical mountain landscape database are improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the city history mountain landscape database construction method based on GIS and BIM comprises the following steps:

S1, acquiring historical geographic information and historical mapping photographic data of a target city;

S2, performing type division and attribute labeling on the spatial information of the target city based on the historical geographic information through a GIS system platform to generate a spatial information data database;

S3, combining a GIS system platform and a BIM system platform to perform three-dimensional modeling on the building and mountain environment of the target city based on the historical mapping photographic data, and generating a spatial model data database;

S4, generating an associated data layer based on a GIS system platform for the target city;

and S5, constructing a city historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the space information data database, the space information data database and the associated data layer.

Preferably, in step S1, the historical geographic information includes a historical atlas and local archaeological data;

in step S2, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial information database are as follows:

S201, acquiring a historical atlas and local archaeological data of a target city as basic data for generating a spatial information data database;

s202, establishing a unified working base map and a coordinate system, converting a historical map of each historical period into a corresponding map grid image, registering the map grid image of each historical period into the unified working base map and the coordinate system through a GIS system platform, and obtaining the working base map of a target city in each historical period;

s203, extracting classified historical landscape elements from the historical atlas and the local archaeological data, locating the historical landscape elements in the working base diagram of the target city in the corresponding historical period according to different time sections, and realizing the spatial positioning of the historical landscape elements in a unified coordinate system;

S204, dividing historical landscape elements in the working base diagram of the target city in each historical period into a plurality of types of space information data subsets through the symbolization rule of the GIS system platform;

S205, performing attribute integration on the historical landscape elements through an attribute table in the GIS system platform, and adding attribute data for each type of space information data subset;

and S206, integrating the spatial information data subsets of the various types into a spatial information data total library.

Preferably, in step S204, the historical landscape elements in the working base diagram of the target city in each historical period are divided into three data set types of points, lines and planes according to the symbolization rule of the GIS system platform, and the three data set types of points, lines and planes are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient points, famous historical site, mountain peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, urban walls and gardens;

Wherein the point data set includes ancient sites, famous historical site and mountains, the line data set includes roads, rivers and urban walls, and the surface data set includes building plots, lakes and gardens.

Preferably, in step S206, a corresponding spatial information database sub-database is built in the spatial information database according to the history period;

Each spatial information database comprises nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient sites, famous historical site, mountains, lakes, roads, building blocks, rivers, urban walls and gardens under the corresponding historical period.

Preferably, in step S1, the historical survey map data includes a historical survey map set, historical geospatial data, and oblique photogrammetry data;

In step S3, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial model database are as follows:

s301, building urban pool BIM models of each historical period based on a historical mapping atlas of a target city through a BIM system platform;

S302, identifying natural mountain bodies in the range of a target city based on historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetry data of the target city through a GIS system platform, and establishing a mountain environment CityGML model of each historical period by combining city basic geographic information;

s303, converting the format of the BIM model of the building urban area into a format which can be identified by a GIS system platform;

s304, converting a relative coordinate system of the building urban BIM model into an absolute coordinate system of a mountain environment CityGML model, and simultaneously converting a space rectangular coordinate system of the building urban BIM model into a geodetic coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model;

S305, fusing scene data in a corresponding historical period for the converted building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model, and optimizing the fused building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model;

S306, integrating the building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model which are subjected to scene data fusion and optimization into a spatial model data database.

Preferably, in step S301, the building urban building BIM model includes a cultural core building refinement model and a historical urban building white model;

in step S302, the mountain environment CityGML model includes a small-medium mountain oblique image model and a large mountain CityGML model.

Preferably, in step S304, the relative coordinate system is converted into an absolute coordinate system by the following formula:

Wherein 9x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building urban BIM model in an absolute coordinate system, n=1, 2..m, m, m represents the iteration times of the building urban BIM model in coordinate transformation, (a, b, c) represents the coordinates (initial Cartesian coordinate points in coordinate transformation) of the building urban BIM model in a relative coordinate system, and alpha, beta, gamma represent the rotation angles around x, y, z in coordinate transformation respectively;

The conversion from the space rectangular coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system is realized by the following formula:

1) Converting the space coordinate system (X, Y, Z) into a rectangular geocentric coordinate system (X, Y, Z)

Wherein (X, Y, Z) represents the coordinates of the building urban BIM model under a geocentric rectangular coordinate system; Lambda and h represent longitude, latitude and elevation of a building urban BIM model under a space coordinate system, N represents a radius of curvature of a mortise circle, and e represents first eccentricity;

2) Converting the rectangular geodetic coordinate system (X, Y, Z) into a geodetic coordinate system (B, L, H)

Wherein (B, L, H) represents the coordinates of the building urban BIM model under the geodetic coordinate system, and A represents the ellipsoid long half axis.

Preferably, in step S305, a corresponding spatial model database sub-database is built in the spatial model database according to the historical period;

each spatial model database comprises a building urban BIM model and a mountain environment CityGML model under corresponding historical periods.

Preferably, in step S4, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows:

s401, acquiring city remote sensing data, ecological environment data and city construction data of a target city;

S402, preprocessing urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data, converting the preprocessed urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data into a format supported by a GIS system platform, and unifying a coordinate system and a projection mode;

S403, associating different data based on geographic positions or attributes through a space connection function of the GIS system platform, integrating the associated data into one layer to form an associated data layer;

and S404, setting attribute fields and styles of the associated data layers according to the requirements.

The invention also discloses a city history mountain landscape data platform based on the space information technology, which comprises:

the system comprises an infrastructure layer, a storage layer and a network layer, wherein the infrastructure layer is used for providing infrastructure support and comprises computing resources, storage resources and network resources, and the storage resources are stored with an urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the urban historical mountain landscape database and the construction method;

The data layer is used for carrying out data interaction with a space information data database, a space information data database and an associated data layer in the urban historical mountain landscape database through the infrastructure layer;

The platform service layer is used for providing map service, space analysis service and data fusion service according to the data of the data layer, and comprises the functions of map rendering, attribute inquiry, space relation analysis and buffer area analysis, and fusion processing of BIM data and GIS data;

the application layer is used for constructing a module for realizing specific application functions according to the services provided by the platform service layer, and comprises a basic function module, an information inquiry module, a space analysis module and an entity drawing module;

Wherein:

the basic function module is used for providing basic map operation functions including scene positioning, map zooming-in and zooming-out and area distance measurement and calculation;

the information inquiry module is used for inquiring the graph through the attribute and inquiring the attribute of the graph;

the space analysis module is used for providing buffer area analysis and space relation analysis;

and the entity drawing module is used for supporting three-dimensional scene drawing and two-dimensional map drawing.

Compared with the prior art, the construction method of the urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM has the following beneficial effects:

According to the method, the GIS system platform is utilized to carry out type division and attribute labeling on the spatial information of the city, and the specific attributes and types of each land, street, building and mountain of the city can be accurately obtained, so that the data and the comprehensiveness of constructing the city historical mountain landscape database are improved. The three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the building and mountain environment of the target city based on the historical mapping photographic data by combining the GIS and the BIM system platform, on one hand, the building and mountain landscapes of the city can be more truly and three-dimensionally restored through three-dimension, the overall view and the details of the historical mountain landscapes of the city can be intuitively known through three-dimension visualization, on the other hand, the short plates of the GIS in three-dimension precision and information data can be effectively solved through combining the BIM technology, the recognition of the historical landscape features is facilitated, the three-dimensional display effect can be improved, the relationship between the mountain and the historical space of the city can be finely displayed, and the data accuracy of the historical mountain landscapes database of the city is improved. And then generating an associated data layer based on a GIS system platform for the target city, organically integrating data of different types and different sources, wherein the multi-level data integration mode is beneficial to revealing the internal connection and evolution rules of the historical mountain landscapes of the city, and monitoring and protecting the ecological safety of the mountain. And finally, constructing a city historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the space information data database, the space model data database and the associated data layer, wherein the database construction method can ensure the comprehensiveness and the accuracy of city historical mountain landscape data.

Drawings

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 are a logical block diagram and an overall flow chart of a method for constructing a city history mountain landscape database;

FIG. 3 is an example of spatial information extraction;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spatial model database;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:

embodiment one:

the embodiment discloses a method for constructing a city history mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the construction method of the urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM comprises the following steps:

In the present embodiment, the historical geographic information includes a historical atlas (historical atlas) and local archaeological data (literal data), and the historical mapping photographic data includes a historical mapping atlas, historical geospatial data, and oblique photographic measurement data. Registration and correction of the data is also required.

The urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the invention not only contains geographic information data, but also fuses multiple data such as dictation history material, archaeological material, ancient character material and the like, thereby realizing the digital storage and visual display of the historical information, and the database can also adopt a link coding technology to correlate and integrate data with different sources and different formats to form an organic unified data system, so as to support more complex and deep urban historical mountain landscape research. Meanwhile, the urban historical mountain landscape database is applied to the field of urban planning and design, scientific and efficient data support can be provided for sustainable development of cities, the historical cultural background and the natural geographic environment of the cities can be further known, a comprehensive, accurate and targeted reference basis is provided for urban planning and design, improvement of cultural implications and historical value of the cities is facilitated, and sustainable development of the cities is promoted. In addition, from the view of the urban historical mountain landscapes, the urban historical culture is studied in depth, the limitation that the traditional urban planning and design field only pays attention to the modernization and the functionality is broken through, the historical culture factors are brought into the research scope, the historical culture inheritance and the ecological protection of the cities are emphasized, the improvement of the cultural softness and the competitiveness of the cities is facilitated, and the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the cities is promoted.

In order to better describe the technical solution of the present invention, this embodiment is described in the following sections.

1. Spatial information data base

The space information data total library divides space types, and sub-libraries are built according to historical periods and time nodes so as to integrate development histories of all building points. The space information data of the space information data total library and the space information data of the sub-library are all in the form of dot element data on the GIS information data storage platform to form a scenic spot space information database distribution diagram.

The specific processing steps for generating the spatial information database are as follows, in conjunction with the description of fig. 2:

S202, establishing a unified working base map and a (e.g. WGS-84) coordinate system, converting a (paper) historical map of each historical period into a corresponding map grid image, registering the map grid image of each historical period into the unified working base map and the coordinate system through a GIS system platform, and obtaining the working base map of a target city in each historical period.

In this embodiment, in order to facilitate subsequent spatial analysis and processing, a mouse tracking vectorization and program automatic vectorization method may be applied to convert the map raster image into vector data.

In the registration process, important historical landscape elements which are present in the current situation are selected as control points through data examination and analysis, and for the selection of registration control points, plane elements such as rivers and lakes, linear elements such as street roads and the like, and dot elements such as building structures and space nodes and the like can be selected mainly from the principle of distribution balance.

In this embodiment, the historical landscape elements include six types of information including ancient sites, government office, mountains, points of interest, urban areas and gardens.

In this embodiment, each piece of spatial information has a lot of attribute data, and the attribute data expresses semantic information, temporal and spatial information, quantity information, level information, and the like. As shown in table 1, by way of example famous historical site, the attribute data includes famous historical site name, time of presence, famous historical site type, view line of sight, relative position, image description, and history image. Various attribute data are organized according to a two-dimensional table so as to facilitate the operations of storage management, structured query language (SQL statement query), space statistics, data analysis and the like of a commercial database management system. Dividing the historical data into the following sub-levels according to the humanization attribute of the city historical mountain scene, and sorting and inputting the collected historical data.

Table 1 famous historical site architecture for Attribute data

According to the invention, map registration and vector chemical engineering are provided through the GIS system platform to register map grid images of each historical period into a unified working base map and coordinate system, so that the accuracy and the spatial consistency of historical spatial information are ensured. Meanwhile, the GIS system platform supports the conversion and positioning of space information, and the space positioning of historical landscape elements and the division of a data set are realized through the setting of a time section and the application of symbolization rules. In addition, the GIS system platform provides management and query functions of attribute data, and realizes structured storage and efficient query of data through organization and sub-level division of the two-dimensional table.

Referring to fig. 3, according to the symbolization rule of the GIS system platform, the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in each historical period are divided into three data set types of points, lines and planes, wherein the three data set types of points, lines and planes are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient points, famous historical site, mountain peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, urban walls and gardens;

As shown in Table 2, the point data set includes ancient, famous historical site and mountain peaks, the line data set includes roads, rivers and urban walls, and the surface data set includes building plots, lakes and gardens.

TABLE 2

Data such as urban walls, building plots, roads, etc. are primarily drawn based on registered historical maps. And the coordinate positioning of the data of each point is realized by combining with the field investigation and extraction on the basis of the information marked by the historical map. For the data of the person with the entity remains, the poi coordinates can be picked up by a hundred-degree coordinate pick-up, and for the person without the entity remains, fuzzy positioning can be carried out according to the topological relation of the surrounding markers by carrying out the exploration on the surrounding land. The ancient river, ancient lake data may be cut into sets by downloading CHGIS open source data in the platform.

The six ancient books, government office, mountain, showplace, urban area and garden are text contents and do not have very accurate space information, so that the contents need to be understood manually and screened and judged. The invention performs labeling and vectorization in the working base map, converts the working base map into three types of data sets of points, lines and planes to finish digitization, and converts the historical landscape elements into nine types of spatial information data sets according to the spatial characteristics of the historical landscape elements of different types.

In the embodiment, a corresponding spatial information database sub-database is built in a spatial information database according to a historical period, and each spatial information database sub-database comprises nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient sites, famous historical site, mountains, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, urban walls and gardens under the corresponding historical period. Because the historical landscape is dynamically changed all the time, the spatial models of different historical periods are different, and therefore a spatial information database needs to be built for distinguishing.

2. Spatial model data base

1. Data acquisition

The space model data total library comprises two sub libraries of a building model and a mountain environment model, which are respectively constructed by adopting time-sharing periods so as to realize the management of data in different periods from the time perspective. The specific construction process is as follows:

The building model is built using Revit software, including the main structure of the building, accessory components, and the like. Because three-dimensional data related to urban space data is large in data size, the problem of overlong loading time can occur during data fusion, and labor cost is difficult to control. Therefore, for the historical city form, general city space information such as streets and the like uses Revit software to construct a white model of the historical city information building, and for famous historical site, ancient points and other heavy point culture core buildings, a fine building model is constructed to realize important protection.

And identifying and positioning the large natural mountain in the city range by a GIS technology, and directly establishing a CityGML model by combining the collected city basic geographic information to realize scene conversion of data on the large natural mountain. However, small natural mountains in the image-text historic material cannot be identified and modeled together with large mountains due to insufficient data precision, for the mountains, the inclined model modeling is carried out after the related description and the on-site visit in the square public map are roughly restored, image data of the ground object is obtained through field aerial photography, matching homonymous points are automatically identified and matched by utilizing a computer vision principle, a three-dimensional dense point cloud is generated, an irregular triangular network (TIN) is built on the basis of the point cloud, and reconstruction of a model terrain three-dimensional model is completed by combining the image data and ground control point information. And storing point information in a GIS (geographic information system) through geographic registration for mountain bodies or key buildings damaged in the history evolution process.

2. Data conversion

BIM data and GIS data have different data source information, so that the BIM data cannot be loaded in a GIS platform. The BIM model is thus converted from the IFC format to a format recognizable by the GIS platform, such as UDBX, using the data export plug-in developed by SuperMap and read in the multi-source data read software SuperMap. Thereafter, further coordinate system conversion is required to ensure the accuracy of the data. The coordinates in the IFC model adopt a space rectangular coordinate system based on the project origin, the building, building floors and building components are positioned through a relative coordinate system cited by the lower layer of the coordinate system, the construction of the CityGML model is based on a uniform absolute coordinate system, and a geodetic coordinate system is adopted for determining the space geographic position. Therefore, the conversion of BIM data into GIS data requires the realization of the conversion of the relative coordinate system into the absolute coordinate system and the conversion of the space rectangular coordinate system into the geodetic coordinate system.

Based on a space coordinate conversion formula, the conversion from the BIM model to the coordinates of the GIS scene is realized. The former realizes the unification of the coordinate system in the model, and the latter is used for converting the space rectangular coordinate system into the geodetic coordinate system adopted by the geographic information system, so as to ensure the accurate positioning of the model in the geographic space.

3. Data integration

And (3) fusing scene data in a corresponding historical period by using a SuperMap hypergraph software platform, namely fusing the converted BIM model (a fine model, a city white model), the City GML model and an oblique photography model (a small and medium-sized low mountain), and adjusting the position and the posture of the model after fusing to ensure the consistency of the BIM model and the City GML model in a three-dimensional space. And (3) carrying out optimization treatment on the fused model, wherein the optimization treatment comprises terrain matching, model leveling, texture mapping and the like.

The specific processing steps for generating the spatial model database are as follows, in conjunction with the illustration of fig. 2:

In this embodiment, the building urban BIM model of the target city is constructed using Revit software, and includes a main body structure and accessory components. For general urban space information (such as historic urban forms and street lanes), building white models of historic urban information, and for key culture core buildings (such as famous historical site and ancient points), building refined building models.

In this embodiment, for mountain or key buildings damaged in the history evolution process, point information is stored in GIS through geographic registration.

S303, converting the format of the building urban BIM model into a format which can be identified by a GIS system platform, converting the relative coordinate system of the building urban BIM model into an absolute coordinate system of a mountain environment CityGML model, and simultaneously converting the space rectangular coordinate system of the building urban BIM model into a geodetic coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model;

In this embodiment, the BIM model is converted from the IFC format to a format recognizable by the GIS platform (e.g., UDBX) using the data export plug-in developed by SuperMap.

S304, fusing scene data in a corresponding historical period for the converted building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model, and optimizing the fused building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model;

in this embodiment, the optimization process includes terrain matching, model leveling, texture mapping, and the like.

S305, integrating the building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model which are subjected to scene data fusion and optimization into a spatial model data database.

In the data acquisition stage, natural mountain bodies are identified and positioned through a GIS system platform, a building urban model is built through a BIM system platform, and GIS and BIM finish data acquisition and preliminary modeling through respective professional tools. In the data conversion stage, the data formats and coordinate systems of the GIS and BIM need to be unified so as to be loaded and displayed in the GIS platform, and therefore, the GIS and BIM are realized through professional data conversion tools (such as a data export plug-in of SuperMap) and coordinate conversion formulas. In the data integration stage, the GIS and BIM data are required to be fused together to form a complete space model data database, so that loading, fusion and adjustment of the data are performed in a GIS platform, and meanwhile, the space analysis capability of the GIS and the fine modeling capability of the BIM are utilized to optimize a scene.

Specifically, as shown in connection with FIG. 4, the building urban BIM model comprises a cultural core building refinement model and a historical urban building white model, and the mountain environment CityGML model comprises a small-sized mountain inclined image model and a large-sized mountain CityGML model.

In the embodiment, for general urban space information (such as historical urban forms and street lanes), a historical urban building white model is constructed, and for key culture core buildings (such as famous historical site and ancient sites), a culture core building refinement model is constructed.

Specifically, the relative coordinate system is converted into an absolute coordinate system by the following formula:

Wherein (x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building urban BIM model in an absolute coordinate system, n=1, 2,.. M, m represents the iteration times of the building urban BIM model in coordinate transformation, (a, b, c) represents the coordinates (initial Cartesian coordinate points in coordinate transformation) of the building urban BIM model in a relative coordinate system, and alpha, beta and gamma represent the rotation angles around x, y and z in coordinate transformation respectively;

The method comprises the steps of establishing a corresponding space model database sub-database in a space model database according to a historical period, wherein each space model database sub-database comprises a building urban BIM model and a mountain environment CityGML model under the corresponding historical period. Because the historical landscape is dynamically changed all the time, the spatial models of different historical periods are different, and therefore a spatial information database needs to be built for distinguishing.

3. Associated data layer

In this embodiment, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows:

In the embodiment, the urban remote sensing data comprise remote sensing data such as satellite images and unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photographs, and the ecological environment data comprise hydrological data such as rainfall, river flow, water quality and the like, and ecological environment data such as soil humidity, vegetation coverage, air quality and the like. The city construction data comprises city planning, building information, infrastructure and other city construction data.

S402, preprocessing urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data, converting the urban remote sensing data, the ecological environment data and the urban construction data into formats supported by a GIS system platform, such as SHAPEFILE, GEOJSON, and unifying a coordinate system and a projection mode;

in this embodiment, the data may be subjected to fusion processing, such as superposition analysis, buffer analysis, and the like, as needed.

Embodiment two:

the embodiment discloses an urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on a spatial information technology.

The embodiment adopts a B/S architecture building system, relies on technologies such as Internet of things and cloud computing, and provides basic support for various applications in digital cities through an infrastructure layer, a data layer, a platform service layer, an application layer and the like. The system functions can be accessed through the Web browser of the client only by installing and maintaining the server side.

1. Application platform functional module design

Based on the data types and the actual demands of the system, a system functional module is designed, and the whole system module is divided into five parts according to the purposes of each function, wherein the system functional module comprises a basic functional module, an information inquiry module, a space analysis module and an entity drawing module. The basic function module mainly takes basic map operation such as scene positioning, map zooming-in and zooming-out, area distance measurement, walking of a scene, aerial view flight browsing and the like, is convenient for a user to quickly acquire relevant information required in the map scene, the information query module is divided into two modes according to information query types and information query modes, ① is used for querying the attribute, query results are positioned on the map, ② is used for querying the attribute information related to ground objects through the map, the space analysis module comprises buffer area analysis and space relation analysis, firstly, related ecological environment data and construction data of a mountain are related to be used as data layers, such as elevation data, hydrological data, land utilization data, soil attribute data and earth surface vegetation are used as sub-indexes for establishing a buffer area, and three buffer area thresholds of 500m,1000m and 2000m are set in the platform, so that the boundary for protecting the ecological safety of the ancient mountain can be defined according to the buffer area range. In order to provide the function of quickly generating urban historical mountain landscape thematic map, the entity mapping module provides an entity mapping function module which is divided into two parts of three-dimensional scene mapping and two-dimensional map mapping according to different system scene types, wherein the three-dimensional scene mapping function is used for rendering scene entities by setting classification conditions to generate thematic map and print scenes, and the two-dimensional map mapping function is used for generating thematic map and printing by mainly overlapping element map layers in a manual plotting mode.

2. Application platform database design

The overall architecture design of the BIM and GIS data fusion application platform database is divided into a system operation support database and a basic geographic database. The system operation supporting library is the guaranteed content of the system operation, and comprises a catalog database, a right management database, a system log database and other databases which are respectively used for meeting the requirements of data storage and application under different functions in the system. The basic geographic database is basic data content of system construction and application expansion, provides a basic space reference for the platform, and comprises vector data, image data and three-dimensional data of urban historical mountain landscapes, which are respectively stored and classified for database construction, so that the personalized requirements of various departments on basic map services are met.

Specifically, the city history mountain landscape data platform based on the space information technology comprises:

The system comprises an infrastructure layer, a storage layer and a network layer, wherein the infrastructure layer is used for providing infrastructure support and comprises a computing resource, a storage resource and a network resource, and the storage resource is stored with an urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the urban historical mountain landscape database and the construction method of the embodiment;

in this embodiment, the infrastructure layer serves as a base support for the platform, and provides necessary hardware resources for the data layer, the platform service layer, and the application layer.

in this embodiment, the data layer receives the storage resources provided by the infrastructure layer, and provides data support for the platform service layer and the application layer. And carrying out data transmission and exchange with the platform service layer to realize dynamic update and real-time analysis of data.

in this embodiment, the platform service layer receives the data provided by the data layer, processes and handles the data, and provides efficient and intelligent services for the application layer. And carrying out service calling and result returning with the application layer to realize dynamic expansion and customization of functions.

The application layer is used for constructing a module for realizing specific application functions according to the services provided by the platform service layer, and comprises a basic function module, an information query module, a space analysis module and an entity drawing module in combination with the module shown in fig. 5;

Wherein:

the information query module is used for searching and positioning the current data in a query mode of attribute mapping and attribute mapping;

The space analysis module is used for providing buffer area analysis and space relation analysis, and is used for evaluating and protecting the ecological safety of ancient mountain bodies and the like.

And the entity drawing module is used for supporting three-dimensional scene drawing and two-dimensional map drawing, generating a thematic map and printing.

In this embodiment, the application layer receives the service provided by the platform service layer, and performs function implementation and display. And interacting with the user, receiving the input and the request of the user, and returning the result and the feedback.

The urban historical mountain landscape data platform realizes unified management and deep analysis of urban historical mountain landscape data through the multi-level structures such as the infrastructure layer, the data layer, the platform service layer and the application layer, and provides comprehensive, efficient and intelligent foundation support for various applications of cities. The platform is closely related to the spatial information data database, the spatial model data database and the related data layer, so that the comprehensiveness and the accuracy of the urban historical mountain landscape data are ensured.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solution, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and equivalents are included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The city history mountain landscape database construction method based on GIS and BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps:

in the step S1, the historical geographic information comprises a historical atlas and local archaeological data;

the historical survey photogrammetry data includes a historical survey map set, historical geospatial data, and oblique photogrammetry data;

In step S204, according to the symbolization rule of the GIS system platform, the historical landscape elements in the working base diagram of the target city in each historical period are divided into three data set types of points, lines and planes, wherein the three data set types of points, lines and planes are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient points, famous historical site, mountain peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, urban walls and gardens;

the point data set comprises ancient sites, famous historical site and mountains, the line data set comprises roads, rivers and urban walls, and the surface data set comprises building blocks, lakes and gardens;

s206, integrating the spatial information data subsets of each type into a spatial information data total library;

In step S206, a corresponding spatial information database sub-database is built in the spatial information database according to the history period;

each spatial information database comprises nine types of spatial information data subsets of ancient sites, famous historical site, mountains, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, urban walls and gardens in the corresponding historical period;

In step S301, the building urban building information model comprises a culture core building refinement model and a history urban building white model;

In step S302, the mountain environment CityGML model includes a small-and-medium-sized mountain oblique image model and a large-sized mountain CityGML model;

In step S305, a corresponding spatial model database sub-database is built in the spatial model database according to the history period;

Each space model database comprises a building urban BIM model and a mountain environment CityGML model in a corresponding historical period;

S306, integrating the building urban BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model which are subjected to scene data fusion and optimization into a spatial model data database;

In step S4, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows:

s404, setting attribute fields and styles of the associated data layers according to the requirements;

2. The method for constructing a city history mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S304, the relative coordinate system is converted into absolute coordinate system by the following formula:

Wherein the method comprises the steps of

Wherein (x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building urban BIM model under an absolute coordinate system; n=1, 2..m, m represents the number of iterations of the building urban BIM model at coordinate transformation; the method comprises the following steps of (a, b, c) representing coordinates of a building urban BIM model under a relative coordinate system, wherein initial Cartesian coordinate points are obtained during coordinate transformation;

3. Urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on spatial information technology, which is characterized by comprising:

An infrastructure layer for providing infrastructure support, comprising computing resources, storage resources and network resources, wherein the storage resources store the city history mountain landscape database constructed by the city history mountain landscape database and the construction method of claim 1;

Wherein:

The basic function module is used for providing map operation functions including scene positioning, map zooming-in and zooming-out and area distance measurement and calculation;