Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting of embodiments of the application. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all structures related to the embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that any combination of technical features may constitute alternative embodiments as long as the technical features are not contradictory to each other after reading the present specification.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate, such that embodiments of the application may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type and are not limited to the number of objects, such as the first object may be one or more. Furthermore, in the description and claims, "and/or" means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/" generally means a relationship in which the associated object is an "or" before and after. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more, and "a number" means one or more.
The front-end amplifying circuit is used as a component of data acquisition equipment such as oscilloscope equipment and data acquisition instrument, and plays an important role in detecting weaker signals by the data acquisition equipment. In the related art, the front-end amplifying circuit provided by the related art constructs a corresponding driving circuit through a MOS transistor and a triode to perform front-end amplification.
But this circuit can only boost the drive current but cannot boost the signal voltage. And the circuit structure built by the discrete components makes the working frequency of the circuit limited, and the circuit cannot work at higher frequency, so that lower voltage standing wave ratio is more difficult to realize. Therefore, the operating frequency of the data acquisition device is limited, so that the accuracy of detecting the low frequency signal is poor, the high frequency signal is difficult to adapt, and an accurate signal measurement function is difficult to provide.
In this regard, the embodiment of the application provides a front-end amplifying circuit, which can separate and amplify direct current, low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals so as to accurately measure different signals. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a front-end amplifying circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, where the front-end amplifying circuit includes a signal access module 101, a low-frequency amplifying module 102, a dc bias module 103, a radio frequency amplifying module 104, and a signal output module 105.
Specifically, the input end of the signal access module 101 is connected to a signal receiving terminal, and the signal receiving terminal is used as an interface with external connection in the front-end amplifying circuit, and can access a corresponding signal to be measured so as to access the signal to be measured into the front-end amplifying circuit. The first input end of the low-frequency amplification module 102 is connected with the input end of the signal access module 101, the second input end of the low-frequency amplification module 102 is connected with the impedance output end of the signal access module 101, and the output end of the direct-current bias module 103 is connected with the bias access end of the low-frequency amplification module 102. In addition, the input end of the radio frequency amplification module 104 is also connected with the impedance output end of the signal access module 101.
And a first input end of the signal output module 105 is connected with an output end of the low-frequency amplifying module 102, a second input end of the signal output module 105 is connected with an output end of the radio-frequency amplifying module 104, and an output end of the signal output module 105 is connected with an output signal terminal.
It can be understood that after the signal to be measured enters the front-end amplifying circuit, the signal access module 101 separates the direct current signal, the low frequency signal and the high frequency signal in the signal to be measured, and in addition, the signal access module 101 provides input impedance for the front-end amplifying circuit to perform impedance matching, so that the transmission quality of the signal is improved, and the distortion and interference of the signal are reduced. Accordingly, the direct current and the low frequency signal enter the low frequency amplifying module 102, and the direct current and the low frequency signal are amplified by the low frequency amplifying module 102. In addition, the dc bias module 103 accesses the dc bias voltage to the low-frequency amplifying module 102 to offset the external bias voltage superimposed on the signal to be measured, so that the measurement of the smaller signal can be realized.
The high-frequency signal enters the rf amplifying module 104, and is amplified by the rf amplifying module 104, wherein it is noted that the amplification factor of the rf amplifying module 104 is matched with the amplification factor of the low-frequency amplifying module 102, that is, the amplification factors of the two are equal, so that the signal to be measured provided by the front-end amplifying circuit for the rear-stage circuit is amplified according to the corresponding amplification factor.
According to the scheme, the front-end amplifying circuit can separate direct current signals from low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals, so that different components in signals to be measured are amplified respectively, the working frequency range of the circuit is enlarged, the signal voltage can be amplified, better signal-to-noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio are achieved, the measurement accuracy of the signals is improved, and a more accurate signal measurement function is provided.
In an embodiment, the signal access module includes a first resistor, a first capacitor, and a first inductor. Specifically, the first end of the first resistor is connected with the first end of the first capacitor, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor, the first end of the first inductor is connected with the second end of the first capacitor, and the second end of the first inductor is grounded. The first end of the first resistor is used as an input end of the signal access module, the second end of the first resistor is used as an impedance output end of the signal access module, the resistance value of the first resistor is matched with the equivalent input resistance of the radio frequency amplification module, the inductance value of the first inductor is equal to the product of the capacitance value of the first capacitor and the square of the resistance value of the first resistor, the first capacitor is used for isolating direct current and low frequency signals and conducting high frequency signals, and the first inductor is used for isolating high frequency signals and conducting direct current and low frequency signals.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the signal access module according to an embodiment of the application, wherein the first resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the first capacitor C1, and the first inductor L1 is connected in series with the first capacitor C1. The resistor R8 is an equivalent input resistor of the rf amplifying module, in which the resistor R8 is equivalent to a resistor grounded at the input end of the rf amplifying module, and in fig. 2, the resistor R8 is parallel connected to the first inductor L1. The first resistor R1 is matched with the resistor R8, so that the input impedance of the circuit is equivalent to the resistance value of the first resistor, the system is better matched, and more accurate measurement of signals is facilitated.
And in the case that the inductance value of the first inductor is equal to the product of the capacitance value of the first capacitor and the square of the resistance value of the first resistor, the signal access module is equivalent to a resistor with a fixed resistance value relative to the signal to be measured. It can be understood that after the signal to be measured enters the signal access module, the high-frequency signal passes through the first capacitor C1 under the action of the ac blocking of the first capacitor C1, and the dc and low-frequency signals pass through the first resistor R1. In addition, under the action of the first inductor L1 passing through the dc resistor, the dc and low frequency signals pass through the first inductor L1, and the high frequency signal passes through the resistor R8. In this regard, due to the presence of the first capacitor C1, the direct current and the low frequency signal may enter the low frequency amplifying module through the first resistor R1, and due to the presence of the first inductor L1, the high frequency signal may enter the radio frequency amplifying module through the resistor R8.
Therefore, the signal access module can realize the effect of isolating the high-frequency signal outside the low-frequency amplification module by using the first capacitor, and realize the effect of isolating the direct current and the low-frequency signal outside the radio-frequency amplification module by using the inductance parallel radio-frequency amplification module, thereby realizing the measurement of the direct current, the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal and being beneficial to expanding the working frequency range of the circuit.
In an embodiment, the low-frequency amplifying module includes a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and an operational amplifier, so as to form a differential amplifying circuit, so as to process the low-frequency component in the signal to be measured, and make the measurement of the low-frequency component more accurate.
Specifically, a first end of the second resistor is connected with an impedance providing end of the signal access module, a second end of the second resistor is connected with a first end of the third resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected with a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and a second end of the third resistor is grounded. The first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the input end of the signal access module, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, the first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier, and the first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier.
The first end of the fourth resistor is used as the first input end of the low-frequency amplifying module, the first end of the second resistor is used as the second input end of the low-frequency amplifying module, the second end of the fourth resistor is used as the bias access end of the low-frequency amplifying module, the second end of the sixth resistor is used as the output end of the low-frequency amplifying module, and the resistance value of the sixth resistor is matched with the equivalent output resistance of the radio-frequency amplifying module.
It should be noted that, in an embodiment, the input impedance provided by the signal access module includes a first resistor, and accordingly, the second resistor and the fourth resistor in the low-frequency amplifying module are both much larger than the first resistor, for example, the ratio of the resistance values of the second resistor to the first resistor and the ratio of the resistance values of the fourth resistor to the first resistor are both larger than or equal to 100, that is, the resistance values of the second resistor and the fourth resistor are both 100 times or more than the resistance value of the first resistor.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the dc bias module includes a seventh resistor, a first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the dc bias voltage, and a second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the bias access end of the low frequency amplifying module, where the dc bias voltage is matched with the external bias voltage, that is, the dc bias voltage is equal to the external bias voltage. In this regard, the external bias voltage superimposed on the signal to be measured can be offset by the dc bias voltage, facilitating the measurement of small signals. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the seventh resistor may be replaced by another device, such as a zener diode, to switch in the corresponding dc bias voltage.
In an embodiment, the signal output module includes a second inductor and a second capacitor. Specifically, the first end of the second inductor is connected with the output end of the low-frequency amplifying module, the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the output end of the radio-frequency amplifying module, and the second end of the second inductor is connected with the second end of the second capacitor.
The second inductor is used for conducting the amplified direct current and low frequency signals, the second capacitor is used for conducting the amplified high frequency signals, and the reactance ratio corresponding to the second inductor and the second capacitor is matched with the reactance ratio corresponding to the signal access module.
It can be understood that, by utilizing the characteristics of the second capacitor and the second inductor, the signal output module can separate the received signal again, wherein the signal passing through the second inductor retains the direct current and the low frequency signal, and the signal passing through the second capacitor retains the high frequency signal, and for this purpose, the second inductor is connected to the output end of the low frequency amplifying module, and the second capacitor is connected to the output end of the radio frequency amplifying module, so as to realize the signal receiving and outputting after amplifying. Therefore, through the signal output module, the front-end amplifying circuit can be connected with the amplified direct current, low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals, so that the amplified signals to be measured are provided for the rear-stage circuit, and better signal-to-noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio are achieved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a front-end amplifying circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, in an embodiment, a signal access module in the front-end amplifying circuit includes a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1 and a first inductor L1, a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a first end of the first capacitor C1, a second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a second end of the first capacitor C1, a first end of the first inductor L1 is connected to a second end of the first capacitor C1, and a second end of the first inductor L1 is grounded.
And the low-frequency amplifying module comprises a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and an operational amplifier U1. The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the second end of the first resistor, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the first end of the third resistor R3, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1, the second end of the third resistor R3 is grounded, the first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor R4, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1, and the first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U1. In addition, one end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected with the direct current bias voltage.
The radio frequency amplifying module is partially marked with a dotted line box in the figure, and the equivalent input resistance (i.e. resistance R8) and the equivalent output resistance (i.e. resistance R9) of the radio frequency amplifying module are equivalently represented by the part.
In addition, the signal output module comprises a second inductor L2 and a second capacitor C2, wherein a first end of the second inductor L2 is connected with the output end of the low-frequency amplifying module, a first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the output end of the radio-frequency amplifying module, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is connected with a second end of the second capacitor C2.
The second resistor R2 and the fourth resistor R4 are both far greater than the first resistor R1, and the first resistor R1 is matched with the resistor R8, and the sixth resistor R6 is matched with the resistor R9. In addition, the reactance ratio corresponding to the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 is a first reactance ratio, the reactance ratio corresponding to the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2 is a second reactance ratio, and the first reactance ratio is equal to the second reactance ratio. Specifically, the values of the first reactance ratio and the second reactance ratio are squares of the resistance value of the first resistor.
It will be appreciated that under the action of the first capacitor C1, the high frequency signal passes through the first capacitor C1, and the direct current and low frequency signals pass through the first resistor R1. In addition, under the action of the first inductor L1, the direct current and the low frequency signal pass through the first inductor L1, and the high frequency signal passes through the resistor R8.
In this regard, due to the presence of the first capacitor C1, the dc and low frequency signals may enter the low frequency amplifying module through the first resistor R1, and may be further amplified by the differential amplifying circuit formed by the operational amplifier U1 and the corresponding resistor. In addition, due to the existence of the first inductor L1, the high-frequency signal can be connected into the radio-frequency amplifying module through the resistor R8, and then the high-frequency signal is amplified.
Similarly, based on the characteristics of the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2, the second inductor L2 is connected to the output end of the low-frequency amplifying module (i.e. the second end of the sixth resistor R6), and the second capacitor C2 is connected to the output end of the radio-frequency amplifying module (i.e. one end of the resistor R9 in the figure), so as to realize the signal access and output after the amplification.
Therefore, the front-end amplifying circuit can separate direct current, low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals, so that different components in the signals to be measured are amplified respectively, the working frequency range of the circuit is enlarged, the signal voltage can be amplified, better signal-to-noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio are achieved, the measurement accuracy of the signals is improved, and a more accurate signal measurement function is provided.
In some embodiments, the rf amplifying module may use an rf amplifying circuit, such as an op-amp in-phase rf amplifying circuit, a low noise amplifying circuit, etc., to amplify the high frequency signal, and may use an rf amplifier to amplify the high frequency signal.
The embodiment of the application also provides a circuit board which comprises the front-end amplifying circuit of the embodiment, and the circuit board can also separate direct current signals from low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals, so that different components in signals to be measured are amplified respectively, the working frequency range is further enlarged, the signal voltage can be amplified, the better signal-to-noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio are further achieved, the signal measurement accuracy is improved, and a more accurate signal measurement function is provided.
The embodiment of the application also provides data acquisition equipment, which can be oscilloscope equipment and a data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition equipment comprises the circuit board, so that the data acquisition equipment can adapt to a larger working frequency range, and amplify different components in signals to be measured respectively, so that the signal voltage is amplified, and further, the better signal-to-noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio are achieved, the measurement accuracy of the signals is improved, and a more accurate signal measurement function is provided.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, while the application has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the application is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the application, which is set forth in the following claims.