CN119780639A - Defect detection method, device and equipment for high altitude fall prevention system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a defect detection method, device and equipment for a high-altitude anti-falling system, wherein the method comprises the steps of carrying out regional division on a high-voltage control component and a multi-layer composite insulating structure in the high-altitude anti-falling system, determining high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data, applying pulse, applying progressive increasing mechanical tension to suspicious layered areas, applying multiple heat stress excitation to a target area, and carrying out high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning to generate defect positioning information. The technical scheme of the invention can effectively cope with complex electromagnetic interference and extreme climate conditions in the high-altitude environment, accurately identify and position microscopic layering defects in the high-altitude anti-falling system through a multi-dimensional and multi-stage detection process, and provide important guarantee for high-altitude operation safety.

Description

Defect detection method, device and equipment for high-altitude anti-falling system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of defect detection of high-altitude anti-falling systems, in particular to a defect detection method, device and equipment for a high-altitude anti-falling system.

Background

At present, the high-altitude anti-falling system mainly comprises three parts, namely a multi-layer composite insulating material, a bearing assembly and a high-voltage electric control component. The multi-layer composite insulating material is formed by compounding an inner reinforcing layer, an outer insulating layer and a weather-proof coating layer by layer, and the layers are tightly combined through thermosetting or cementing and other processes, so that good protection against high air flow, ultraviolet rays and high-pressure environments can be provided, and certain buffering and anti-cracking effects can be achieved when local impact is suffered. The bearing component is generally matched with the multi-layer composite insulating material, specifically comprises mechanical structures such as bearing ropes, winches or supporting rods, can share or guide the weight of personnel and equipment in high-altitude operation, and is firmly combined with the composite material layer at key nodes through a specific connection mode (such as flange connection or loop embedding), so that slipping or tearing cannot be generated under heavy load or sudden impact. The high-voltage control components are distributed at important nodes inside or outside the system, such as a control cabinet, a cable connector or an embedded sensing module, and are interconnected with the composite insulating material and the bearing assembly through cables, wiring terminals or special insulating pipelines to be responsible for monitoring, transmitting and controlling the running state of the high-altitude anti-falling system in real time, and can provide electric energy, signal transmission or triggering emergency measures for the whole system when necessary.

However, in the prior art, the high-altitude anti-falling system is often regarded as a simple mechanical load-bearing structure or a simple electric control device, and the deep coupling effect existing between the multi-layer composite insulating material and the load-bearing assembly and between the multi-layer composite insulating material and the high-voltage electric control component is ignored, so that the potential defects in the high-altitude anti-falling system are difficult to comprehensively inspect. In particular, under the high-altitude environment, the multi-layer composite insulating material is extremely easy to generate hidden stripping or microcracks at the interface between layers due to factors such as ultraviolet rays, temperature shock or wind load vibration, and if the defects are not found in time, the defects can be further diffused in the moment of strong stretching or high-voltage pulse, so that the risk of tearing or electric breakdown of the material is further caused. In addition, the connection parts between the bearing component and the insulating layer and between the electric control circuit and the embedded sensing part can be micro-damaged due to Gao Kongchong force swing or high-voltage arc impact, and once local stress concentration causes crack expansion or short circuit of a high-voltage discharge path, the whole anti-falling capability and electric insulation safety of the system can be seriously weakened. In view of the dangers of high-altitude operation and the complexity of the use conditions, the functions and the connection relation of each structural unit are to be grasped, and the possible multiple physical field coupling effects are considered, so that the accurate identification and positioning of microscopic layering defects and early cracks in the multilayer composite insulating structure are difficult to realize in the existing single or static detection mode.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing high-altitude anti-falling system, microscopic layering defects and early cracks in a multilayer composite insulating structure are difficult to accurately identify and position, so that missed detection and potential safety hazards are caused, and high-altitude operation safety is difficult to effectively guarantee.

The first aspect of the present invention provides a defect detection method for an overhead fall arrest system, the defect detection method for an overhead fall arrest system comprising:

Carrying out regional division on a high-voltage control component and a multi-layer composite insulating structure in the high-altitude anti-falling device to obtain a plurality of functional areas, and carrying out preliminary investigation on each functional area to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area;

Determining high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area, obtaining interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulating structure, and analyzing microscopic layering states of each functional area according to the interface transient response data to obtain suspicious layering areas;

Based on the environmental parameters, applying progressively increasing mechanical tension to the suspicious layering region, obtaining deformation behavior data of the corresponding region, analyzing interlayer vibration modes of the suspicious layering region according to the deformation behavior data, and determining a target region with microscopic layering defects;

Applying multiple heat stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameters, acquiring heat diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and analyzing the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the heat diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result;

And selecting optimal scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data, performing high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, acquiring medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determining the accurate position and range of microscopic layering defects according to the medium reflection waveform data, and generating defect positioning information.

Optionally, the performing regional division on the high-voltage control component and the multi-layer composite insulation structure in the high-altitude anti-falling device to obtain a plurality of functional areas, performing preliminary investigation on each functional area to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area, including:

Dividing the high-voltage control component and the multilayer composite insulating structure into a corona discharge sensitive area, an ultraviolet radiation strengthening area and a mechanical stress concentration area according to the spatial layout and the stress characteristics of the high-altitude anti-falling device;

performing air ionization degree measurement and partial discharge detection on the corona discharge sensitive area to obtain ion concentration distribution data and a discharge pulse distribution diagram of the corona discharge sensitive area;

measuring ultraviolet intensity and material spectral reflectance of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region to obtain ultraviolet radiation spectral data and material aging degree data of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region;

Performing vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis on the mechanical stress concentration area to obtain vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area;

According to the ion concentration distribution data, the discharge pulse distribution diagram, the ultraviolet radiation spectrum data, the material aging degree data, the vibration mode data and the stress wave propagation characteristics, and by combining a real-time air pressure change curve, calculating the mutual influence coefficient of each parameter under the high-altitude extreme environment through a multi-parameter cross analysis method;

weighting and fusing all data by utilizing the mutual influence coefficient to generate a comprehensive evaluation index reflecting the high-altitude electric-thermal-force coupling effect;

and correcting and refining the acquired preliminary environmental parameters and preliminary electromagnetic interference data based on the comprehensive evaluation indexes, and finally determining the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data of each area.

Optionally, the performing vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis on the mechanical stress concentration area to obtain vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area includes:

obtaining vibration response data of the mechanical stress concentration area under different overhead working load conditions;

carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the vibration response data, extracting high-frequency weak vibration characteristics, and identifying potential microcrack initiation position coordinates;

collecting acoustic signals near the potential microcrack initiation position coordinates;

Performing self-adaptive noise elimination processing on the acoustic signals, eliminating interference caused by high-altitude wind load, and extracting effective acoustic emission signals related to material damage;

Analyzing the time-frequency characteristics and energy distribution of the effective acoustic emission signals, and calculating microcrack expansion parameters by combining real-time high-altitude temperature gradient data;

according to the microcrack expansion parameters, estimating the expansion trend of the microcracks in the high-altitude extreme environment, and generating dynamic risk distribution data of the mechanical stress concentration area;

and calculating and updating vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area by utilizing the dynamic risk distribution data and combining with overhead work load distribution information.

Optionally, determining the high voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially applying corresponding high voltage pulses to each functional area, obtaining interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, and analyzing microscopic layering states of each functional area according to the interface transient response data to obtain suspicious layering areas, including:

According to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, a step pulse sequence with increasing amplitude is adopted for a corona discharge sensitive area, variable-frequency sinusoidal modulation high-voltage pulses are adopted for an ultraviolet radiation reinforced area, and oscillation attenuation pulses with compound frequencies are applied for a mechanical stress concentration area;

Sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area to obtain a transient current waveform and an electric charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve of the corona discharge sensitive area, and a surface potential attenuation curve and a photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced area, and an acoustic emission signal and a stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentrated area;

Performing wavelet transformation on transient current waveform of the corona discharge sensitive region, extracting high-frequency component characteristics, combining a charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve, identifying a space charge accumulation region and analyzing microscopic layering state of the corona discharge sensitive region, performing cross correlation analysis on a surface potential attenuation curve and photocurrent response of an ultraviolet radiation strengthening region to obtain material photoelectric characteristic degradation degree and evaluate interface layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region, performing time-frequency joint analysis on acoustic emission signals and stress-strain response of a mechanical stress concentration region, positioning microcrack initiation positions and judging interlayer bonding strength of the mechanical stress concentration region;

Based on the space charge accumulation area, the material photoelectric characteristic degradation degree and the microcrack initiation position information, combining microcosmic layering state analysis results of the corona discharge sensitive area, the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area and the mechanical stress concentration area, and constructing a defect risk assessment matrix of the multilayer composite insulating structure;

and determining areas with defect risks exceeding a first preset threshold value in each functional area according to the defect risk assessment matrix, and marking the areas as suspicious layering areas.

Optionally, the cross-correlation analysis of the surface potential attenuation curve and the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation enhancement region obtains the degradation degree of the photoelectric characteristic of the material and evaluates the interfacial delamination degree of the ultraviolet radiation enhancement region, which includes:

Performing piecewise fitting on a surface potential attenuation curve of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region, extracting time constants of a fast attenuation stage and a slow attenuation stage, and calculating surface charge trap density distribution by combining high-altitude ultraviolet radiation spectrum intensity data;

Spectral analysis is carried out on the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, characteristic frequency components and amplitudes are extracted, and the photocurrent response is corrected according to high air pressure and temperature data, so that a corrected photoconductivity change curve is obtained;

Performing cross correlation analysis on the surface charge trap density distribution and the modified photoconductive change curve, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix, and determining the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material according to the correlation coefficient matrix;

And calculating interface stress distribution based on the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material and combining high-altitude ozone concentration and temperature cycle data, and evaluating the interface layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area.

Optionally, based on the environmental parameter, applying a mechanical tension that increases gradually to the suspicious layered region, obtaining deformation behavior data of the corresponding region, analyzing an interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layered region according to the deformation behavior data, and determining a target region with microscopic layered defects, including:

Calculating a material elastic modulus correction coefficient of the suspicious layered region according to the environmental parameters to obtain a corrected elastic modulus in a high-altitude environment;

applying initial mechanical tension to the suspicious layered area based on the corrected elastic modulus, and determining a tension increment step length according to high altitude wind load data to obtain a step-by-step increment mechanical tension sequence;

sequentially applying the mechanical tension sequences to the suspicious layering areas to acquire stress-strain curves and acoustic emission signals under each level of tension to form a deformation behavior data set;

Performing wavelet packet decomposition on the deformation behavior data set, extracting interlayer vibration characteristic frequency and energy distribution, and analyzing interlayer vibration modes of suspicious layering areas by combining high-altitude temperature gradient data;

And according to the interlayer vibration mode, calculating the vibration energy attenuation rate of each subarea, and determining the subarea with the vibration energy attenuation rate lower than a second preset threshold value as a target area with microscopic delamination defects.

Optionally, applying multiple heat stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameter, obtaining thermal diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and analyzing the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the thermal diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result, including:

calculating a thermal convection coefficient of a target area by combining the environmental parameters, determining a temperature range and frequency of heat stress excitation, and generating a multiple heat stress excitation sequence;

Sequentially applying the multiple heat stress excitation sequences to the target area to obtain temperature-time response curves of the target area under different heat stress conditions;

Performing Fourier transformation on the temperature-time response curve, extracting a thermal diffusion characteristic frequency, and calculating the thermal diffusion speed of a target area by combining material thermophysical parameters in a high-altitude environment;

Based on the thermal diffusion speed, performing thermal imaging scanning on the target area to acquire temperature gradient distribution data, and analyzing a temperature gradient abnormal area by combining with high-altitude temperature fluctuation characteristics;

and according to the temperature gradient abnormal region, calculating a microcrack stress intensity factor by combining high-no-load distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result.

Optionally, the selecting an optimal scanning parameter according to the electromagnetic interference data, performing high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, obtaining medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determining an accurate position and an accurate range of a micro layering defect according to the medium reflection waveform data, and generating defect positioning information includes:

According to the electromagnetic interference data, combining with the high altitude ionosphere characteristics, optimizing scanning parameters to obtain optimal scanning frequency and pulse width;

Performing multi-angle acoustic imaging scanning on the target area by utilizing the optimal scanning frequency and pulse width to acquire medium reflection waveform data under different incident angles;

Performing time-frequency analysis on the medium reflection waveform data, extracting waveform characteristic parameters, calculating the depth and range of a reflection interface by combining high-altitude environment parameters, and determining the accurate position and range of microscopic layering defects;

And corresponding the accurate position and range information of the microscopic layering defects to the structural layout of the high-altitude anti-falling equipment, and generating defect positioning information.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a defect detection device for a high-altitude fall arrest system, the defect detection device for a high-altitude fall arrest system comprising:

The area division module is used for carrying out regional division on the high-voltage control component and the multi-layer composite insulating structure in the high-altitude anti-falling equipment to obtain a plurality of functional areas, and carrying out preliminary investigation on each functional area to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area;

the high-voltage pulse analysis module is used for determining the high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area, acquiring interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulating structure, and analyzing microscopic layering states of each functional area according to the interface transient response data to obtain suspicious layering areas;

The mechanical tension analysis module is used for applying progressive mechanical tension to the suspicious layering region based on the environmental parameters, obtaining deformation behavior data of the corresponding region, analyzing interlayer vibration modes of the suspicious layering region according to the deformation behavior data, and determining a target region with microscopic layering defects;

The thermal stress analysis module is used for applying multiple thermal stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameters, acquiring thermal diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and analyzing the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the thermal diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result;

and the acoustic imaging module is used for selecting optimal scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data, carrying out high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, acquiring medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determining the accurate position and range of the microscopic layering defect according to the medium reflection waveform data, and generating defect positioning information.

The third aspect of the invention provides a defect detection device for a high-altitude fall protection system, which comprises a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory is stored with instructions, the memory is connected with the at least one processor through a line, and the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory so that the defect detection device for the high-altitude fall protection system can execute the steps of the defect detection method for the high-altitude fall protection system.

A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the above-described defect detection method for an overhead safety system.

According to the scheme, the environmental indexes such as the ion concentration distribution, the ultraviolet radiation spectrum, the vibration mode and the like of each functional area are acquired firstly, so that the causes of corona discharge, material photoelectric degradation and mechanical fatigue possibly occurring in different areas can be accurately known, and a scientific basis is laid for the application and parameter setting of subsequent high-voltage pulses. When high voltage pulses are applied, each functional region adopts different pulse waveforms, such as step pulse, variable frequency modulation pulse or oscillation attenuation pulse, according to corona sensitivity, ultraviolet radiation strengthening factors and stress concentration degree, and the different waveforms can excite different response characteristics of a material interface in an extremely short time, including surface potential attenuation, photocurrent mutation or stress-strain abnormality. By means of wavelet transformation and cross-correlation analysis, the system can quickly lock which areas are more likely to have delamination or cracking. And then, gradually increasing mechanical tension is applied to the suspicious layered areas, a stress field caused by bearing or wind load impact in real high-altitude operation is simulated, and the actual damage degree of the areas is verified by combining time-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission and vibration frequency spectrum. Therefore, the electrical excitation is firstly used for rapidly screening, and then the mechanical loading is used for deeply screening the evidence, so that the misjudgment can be effectively screened, and the detection focus is placed on the interlayer bonding position with hidden danger.

After the target area is locked, the scheme further simulates temperature impact under high-altitude environments such as day-night temperature difference, ultraviolet radiation and the like through multiple heat stress excitation, and adopts a thermal imaging means to monitor abnormal changes of heat diffusion speed and temperature gradient. If microcracks are present between the layers of material at this time, thermal stresses can exacerbate stress concentrations at the interface, thereby developing characteristic signals in thermal imaging or temperature gradient profiles. Finally, the target area is detected at multiple angles under high resolution by utilizing acoustic imaging scanning, time-frequency analysis is carried out on the medium reflection waveform, and the scanning parameters are optimized by combining the interference coefficient of the high-altitude ionosphere on the measurement signal, so that the depth and the range of the defect can be accurately measured. If a layered gap or crack exists in the material, the density difference and the elastic modulus difference between the incident sound wave and the interface can obviously change the reflection waveform, so that the system can see deep defects which are difficult to find in general visual detection. Through the means of combining the electric, mechanical, thermal and acoustic measures, the scheme truly realizes multi-dimensional detection from coarse screening to accurate positioning, well solves the problem that the deep interface stripping or local crack diffusion trend is not mastered in the past, and can also provide substantial safety guarantee for the high-altitude anti-falling system. In other words, the high-voltage insulation performance and the whole bearing capacity are maintained, and meanwhile, the special factors such as corona effect, ultraviolet aging, wind load fatigue and the like in the high-altitude environment can be brought into the same detection frame, so that the detection result is more targeted and complete. Through partition investigation and multistage progressive verification, the whole insulation structure can be systematically inspected from the outer layer to the inner layer, and once interlayer defects endangering safety or continuously expanding cracks are found, emergency measures can be rapidly positioned and taken, so that the safety level and the operation reliability of the whole set of high-altitude anti-falling system are obviously improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a defect detection method for an overhead safety system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a defect detection device for an overhead safety system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a defect detection apparatus for a high-altitude fall arrest system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are referred to in the embodiments of the present invention), the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.

Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions between the embodiments can be mutually combined, and the technical solutions must be based on the realization that one of ordinary skill in the art can realize, when the combination of the technical solutions contradicts or cannot realize, the combination of the technical solutions is considered to be absent and is not within the protection scope required by the invention.

An embodiment of the application provides a defect detection method for a high-altitude anti-falling system. Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a defect detection method for an overhead safety system according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the method includes:

Referring to fig. 1, a high-voltage control component and a multi-layer composite insulation structure in a high-altitude anti-falling device are divided into areas to obtain a plurality of functional areas, and each functional area is subjected to preliminary investigation to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area;

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of carrying out regional division on a high-voltage control component and a multi-layer composite insulating structure in high-altitude anti-falling equipment to obtain a plurality of functional areas, carrying out preliminary investigation on each functional area to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area, dividing the high-voltage control component and the multi-layer composite insulating structure into a corona discharge sensitive area, an ultraviolet radiation reinforced area and a mechanical stress concentrated area according to the spatial layout and stress characteristics of the high-altitude anti-falling equipment, carrying out air ionization degree measurement and partial discharge detection on the corona discharge sensitive area to obtain ion concentration distribution data and a discharge pulse distribution map of the corona discharge sensitive area, carrying out ultraviolet intensity measurement and material spectrum reflectivity measurement on the ultraviolet radiation reinforced area to obtain ultraviolet radiation spectrum data and material aging degree data of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced area, carrying out vibration analysis and dynamic stress analysis on the mechanical stress concentrated area to obtain vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentrated area, carrying out preliminary evaluation on the environmental impact coefficient and the environmental impact coefficient by combining the high-thermal impact coefficient with each other through the high-voltage characteristic analysis, carrying out preliminary evaluation on the environmental impact coefficient and the environmental impact coefficient by the high-voltage characteristic cross-correlation coefficient, and finally, determining the environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area.

Specifically, according to the spatial layout and stress characteristics of the high-altitude anti-falling device, the corona discharge sensitive area, the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area and the mechanical stress concentration area need to be distinguished from the multi-layer composite insulating structure by the high-altitude electric control component so as to better understand the electric, thermal and mechanical stresses faced by different areas in the high-altitude extreme environment. When the division is implemented, the three-dimensional distribution diagram and the load distribution condition of the equipment are used for confirming which parts are in a high-altitude low-pressure state, so that corona discharge is easier to form, for example, the parts are arranged around an insulating end head or a connecting terminal, and the parts are further defined as corona discharge sensitive areas. And then judging which outer layer surfaces bear strong ultraviolet direct irradiation for a long time or can generate local high temperature under high-altitude sunlight irradiation according to the analysis of the optical reflection characteristics of the multi-layer insulating material, and further dividing the range into ultraviolet radiation strengthening areas. At the same time, it is determined which support points or edge joints are subjected to greater tensile, bending or torsional loads depending on the load direction and stress superposition effects, defining these sites as areas of mechanical stress concentration. Therefore, the whole high-altitude anti-falling device is subdivided into three functional areas, and the defect characteristics under the action of different physical fields can be distinguished in the subsequent detection.

In the corona discharge sensitive area, air ionization degree measurement and partial discharge detection are required to obtain ion concentration distribution data and a discharge pulse distribution diagram. When the process is realized, the ion quantity around the corona is collected at different distances by using a high-sensitivity ion meter, and then the measurement results are combined with the contact angle of the periphery of the insulating material to draw a point-by-point ion concentration distribution diagram. Then, a short high voltage is applied by using a partial discharge detector, the instantaneous released charge quantity of the pulse is recorded, and the values are plotted into a discharge pulse distribution diagram according to time sequence. If the ion concentration peak appears near a certain connecting terminal and the partial discharge pulse is too dense, the region is provided with a serious dielectric weak point. The ultraviolet radiation strengthening area acquires ultraviolet radiation spectrum data and material aging degree data through ultraviolet intensity measurement and material spectral reflectivity measurement. In the specific implementation, ultraviolet intensity sensors can be arranged at a plurality of angles in the reinforced area, and a set of spectrum data comprising peak wavelength and irradiation energy is obtained by recording illumination duration and irradiance in a measurement wave band. In order to evaluate the aging degree of the outer insulation, a spectral reflectance measuring device is required to detect a specific wave band with higher resolution, the obtained reflectance curve is compared with a reference curve of an unaged sample, and if the reflectance peak is significantly attenuated, the outer insulation material is indicated to have molecular chain breakage or surface microcrack under ultraviolet irradiation. The mechanical stress concentration region needs to perform vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis to acquire vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics. When the process is implemented, the acceleration sensor is arranged at the fixed end and the joint with serious stress, the vibration curve of equipment under wind load and personnel operation in high-altitude operation is recorded, and then the vibration signal is subjected to frequency spectrum analysis through fast Fourier transform, so that the formants and amplitude information of each-order modes are extracted. The stress wave transmission process of the region in the time domain is then monitored by means of a stress wave sensing unit, and if a medium discontinuity occurs at a point, the stress wave propagation speed and the energy attenuation law show abnormal fluctuation. For example, when the high-altitude tower is overhauled, if the acceleration sensor shows obvious high-frequency resonance peak values at the connecting hinge, the stress wave analysis result is also attenuated stepwise, and the potential structural weakness of the position can be judged.

The ion concentration distribution data, the discharge pulse distribution diagram, the ultraviolet radiation spectrum data, the material aging degree data, the vibration mode data and the stress wave propagation characteristics are combined with a real-time air pressure change curve, and the mutual influence coefficient of each parameter under the high-altitude extreme environment can be calculated through a multi-parameter cross analysis method. The calculation process is carried out in data fusion software, corresponding functions are respectively established for the corona intensity, the illumination wavelength, the vibration frequency and the air pressure change value, and then a multidimensional matrix solving method is adopted to reflect the coupling effect between different physical fields under the same coordinate system, so that a plurality of dynamic coupling equations are formed. And obtaining the quantized influence coefficients of each environment variable on other variables through weight iteration solution. These interaction coefficients are input as parameter weights in a subsequent weighted fusion stage, generating a comprehensive evaluation index reflecting the high altitude electric-thermal-force coupling effect. Specifically, in the weight matrix, if the partial discharge pulse distribution diagram of the corona discharge sensitive region shows high intensity and the region is at the edge position of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region, the sensitivity of the ion concentration to temperature will show a larger value, which affects the evaluation result of the overall electrical insulation condition.

Based on the comprehensive evaluation index, the acquired preliminary environmental parameters and preliminary electromagnetic interference data can be corrected and refined, so that the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data of each area are finally determined. When the process is realized, the mutual influence coefficient, the information such as the air ionization degree, the ultraviolet intensity, the vibration amplitude and the like which are acquired at first are corrected item by item, the interference noise is removed by means of statistical filtering and repeated iterative operation, and the measured values which can possibly deviate under the extreme air pressure and the high-altitude temperature difference are corrected appropriately according to the calculation result of the coupling effect. If the ultraviolet intensity is high and the partial discharge detection result shows high-amplitude pulse, the corrected comprehensive evaluation index shows a higher ageing risk value, and then the functional area is focused in the subsequent detection flow. Through the weighted fusion and correction processing of the step, the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data of each area are more approximate to the true values, and erroneous judgment or missed judgment cannot occur when the high-altitude extreme environment is faced, so that a reliable data information foundation is laid for subsequent deep defect detection.

In one embodiment of the invention, vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis are carried out on the mechanical stress concentration area to obtain vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area, the vibration spectrum analysis comprises the steps of obtaining vibration response data of the mechanical stress concentration area under different high-altitude operation load conditions, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the vibration response data, extracting high-frequency weak vibration characteristics to identify potential microcrack initiation position coordinates, collecting acoustic signals near the potential microcrack initiation position coordinates, carrying out self-adaptive noise elimination processing on the acoustic signals, eliminating interference caused by high-altitude wind load, extracting effective acoustic emission signals related to material damage, analyzing time-frequency characteristics and energy distribution of the effective acoustic emission signals, combining real-time high-altitude temperature gradient data, calculating microcrack expansion parameters, evaluating the expansion trend of the mechanical stress concentration area under high-altitude operation load conditions according to the microcrack expansion parameters, and calculating and updating the vibration mode data and the stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area by utilizing the dynamic risk distribution data and combining high-altitude operation load distribution information.

Specifically, when vibration response data under different overhead working load conditions are acquired in the mechanical stress concentration area, a plurality of vibration monitoring points can be arranged in the target area to acquire acceleration, displacement and stress waveforms generated in the overhead working process. In order to cover various working loads, the equipment needs to be operated for a period of time under the conditions of wind load, heavy lifting, personnel movement and other scenes respectively, and the monitoring system is kept in a synchronous sampling state. By establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the load and the vibration signal at this stage, a set of vibration response data that matches various high-altitude operating conditions may be formed.

And then, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the vibration response data, expanding the vibration signal into a plurality of thin molecular bands on a time domain and a frequency domain by a multi-scale analysis method, and extracting high-frequency weak vibration characteristics from the vibration signal to identify potential microcrack initiation position coordinates. The wavelet packet decomposition principle is that any mechanical vibration can be regarded as being formed by coupling harmonic components of different frequency bands, when a crack starts to sprout, a low-amplitude but obvious fluctuation peak value can be generated in a high frequency band, and the specific position where abnormal fluctuation is generated can be deduced in a coordinate space by comparing the energy distribution of corresponding sub-bands. If an abnormal rise in the high frequency energy coefficient is found near a certain coordinate, that location may be marked as a potential microcrack initiation point. For example, in the maintenance engineering of the cable tower of the high-altitude bridge, if the cable anchoring end under the action of wind load detects that the high-frequency sub-band has a prominent energy peak, the periphery of the cable anchoring structure can be regarded as a major attention area.

After the potential microcrack initiation location coordinates are identified, further acquisition of acoustic signals near the coordinates is required to more specifically analyze the occurrence and evolution of microcracks. The acoustic signals can be acquired by the distributed acoustic wave sensing module in this occasion, and a great amount of random noise related to high-altitude wind load is often mixed in the acquired original waveform, so that adaptive noise elimination processing is needed in the subsequent step to eliminate the part which does not belong to the material damage information. After the processing is finished, an effective acoustic emission signal with higher association degree with the material defect can be obtained, and then the time-frequency characteristic and the energy distribution of the effective acoustic emission signal are compared in detail, so that the microcrack expansion parameter is calculated by combining the real-time high-altitude temperature gradient data. If the effective acoustic emission signal is suddenly amplified in a certain time window, and the temperature gradient difference value is obviously increased at the moment, the continuous expansion of the crack under the action of alternating heat stress can be judged. And then, according to the microcrack expansion parameters, evaluating the expansion trend of the microcracks in the high-altitude extreme environment, and generating dynamic risk distribution data of the mechanical stress concentration area. If the expansion trend is in an ascending situation and the risk weight of the specific area displayed in the dynamic risk distribution data exceeds a preset threshold, the situation that the high-altitude operation has a potential significant security threat in the area is indicated. And finally, calculating and updating vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area by utilizing the dynamic risk distribution data and combining with overhead work load distribution information. Therefore, the change track of each mode can be continuously focused in the subsequent monitoring or maintenance process, and once the mode frequency and the stress wave attenuation curve are found to be further abnormal, measures such as reinforcing, limiting or replacing parts can be taken at the first time so as to reduce the safety risk caused by continuous diffusion of microcracks. Through the cyclic reciprocating updating and evaluating process, dynamic tracking and depth analysis of potential microcracks in the mechanical stress concentration area are realized, high-altitude load, material defects and environmental temperature are coupled in the same analysis frame in a finer mode, and systematic support is provided for ensuring the overall safety of high-altitude anti-falling equipment.

With continued reference to fig. 1, determining a high-voltage pulse parameter of each functional area according to the environmental parameter and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area to obtain interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, and analyzing microscopic layering states of each functional area according to the interface transient response data to obtain suspicious layering areas;

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of determining the high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area, obtaining interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, analyzing microscopic layering states of each functional area according to the interface transient response data, and obtaining suspicious layering areas, wherein step pulse sequences with increasing amplitude are adopted for corona discharge sensitive areas according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, variable-frequency sinusoidal modulated high-voltage pulses are adopted for ultraviolet radiation reinforced areas, and composite-frequency oscillation attenuation pulses are applied to mechanical stress concentration areas; sequentially applying corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional region to obtain transient current waveform and charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve of the corona discharge sensitive region, surface potential attenuation curve and photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced region, acoustic emission signal and stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentrated region, wavelet transforming the transient current waveform of the corona discharge sensitive region to extract high-frequency component characteristic, combining the charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve, identifying space charge accumulated region and analyzing microscopic layering state of the corona discharge sensitive region, cross-correlation analysis of the surface potential attenuation curve and photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced region to obtain photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material and evaluate interface layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced region, time-frequency joint analysis of acoustic emission signal and stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentrated region to locate microcrack initiation position and judge interlayer bonding strength of the mechanical stress concentrated region, and cross-correlation analysis of the surface potential attenuation curve and photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation reinforced region based on the space charge accumulated region, the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree and the microcrack initiation position information of the material are combined with microscopic layering state analysis results of a corona discharge sensitive area, an ultraviolet radiation strengthening area and a mechanical stress concentration area to construct a defect risk assessment matrix of the multilayer composite insulating structure; and determining areas with defect risks exceeding a first preset threshold value in each functional area according to the defect risk assessment matrix, and marking the areas as suspicious layering areas.

Specifically, in the implementation process, information such as air pressure distribution, ion concentration, ultraviolet intensity and the like obtained in the earlier stage needs to be input into a pulse setting module, and the module automatically adjusts the amplitude, frequency and waveform of the pulse applied to different areas. For example, if the corona discharge sensitive region exhibits significant ionization and high partial discharge pulse interference, a step pulse sequence with a small initial voltage value and a high incremental gradient is configured to observe the abrupt amplitude of the transient current waveform during the pressurization. Aiming at the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, the frequency of the variable-frequency sinusoidal modulated high-voltage pulse can be periodically changed within a certain time, so that the potential attenuation characteristic of the composite insulating surface is different from that of the traditional single-frequency pulse due to the coupling effect of the photoelectric effect and the thermal effect. The mechanical stress concentration area simulates the partial discharge phenomenon under the superposition of nonlinear mechanical vibration by utilizing oscillation damping pulse with composite frequency, so that the stress-strain response generates regular damping waveform in a short time, and the interface cohesiveness and interlayer bonding strength are more intuitively reflected.

After the corresponding high-voltage pulse is sequentially applied to each functional area, the transient current waveform and the charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve of the corona discharge sensitive area, the surface potential attenuation curve and the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, and the acoustic emission signal and the stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentration area are required to be collected. In order to realize the process, a high-speed current acquisition unit is arranged in the corona discharge sensitive area and is used for recording the current change of microsecond level after pulse application, and then the current curve is integrated to obtain a charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve. The ultraviolet radiation strengthening area adopts a surface potential sensor to track the potential attenuation rate of the insulating layer under different modulation frequency pulses in real time and observe the response amplitude of photocurrent on the photoelectric detection unit. The mechanical stress concentration area is provided with an acoustic sensor and a strain gauge near a node with more remarkable stress, and acoustic emission and mechanical deformation signals triggered by pulse application are obtained. If a significant jump in the stress-strain curve is captured at the main load bearing pivot of the overhead basket and a strong acoustic emission peak is accompanied, it is indicated that the node may have a certain degree of interlayer cracking.

When the transient current waveform of the corona discharge sensitive area is subjected to wavelet transformation, current spike signals caused by each step pulse are required to be unfolded in the time domain and the frequency domain, and high-frequency components are focused. If sustained sharp pulses appear in the high frequency component spectrum, the accumulation tendency of space charges is shown, and the intensity and peak position of the sharp pulses are quantitatively analyzed by combining a charge quantity-voltage characteristic curve. If the charge quantity of certain sections is found to be significantly higher after integration, the intensified discharge path is generated inside the material or around the corona, and the intensified discharge path has direct reference significance for analyzing microscopic layering states. The principle of cross-correlation analysis of the surface potential decay curve and the photocurrent response in the ultraviolet radiation enhancement region is that the degree of degradation of the photoelectric properties of the material can be obtained by comparing the synchronicity of the potential decay with the photocurrent increase curve on the time axis. If the time constant of potential decay and the peak delay of photocurrent are obviously positively correlated under variable frequency sinusoidal modulation, the absorption and reflection capacities of the outer layer material on ultraviolet bands are weakened, and layering or stripping signs are easy to appear at the material interface. After quantifying this degradation level, the interfacial delamination level of the region can be more accurately assessed. For example, if the outdoor high-altitude ultraviolet intensity is in a high-value range and the peak value of the photocurrent response is continuously shifted forward, this means that the electronic transition of the material after photoexcitation is more frequent, which means that the surface aging phenomenon is aggravated and the interface delamination risk is increased.

The acoustic emission signal and stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentration area need to be subjected to time-frequency joint analysis so as to judge the initiation position of microcracks and the interlayer bonding strength. When the acoustic emission waveform is unfolded in the time domain and the frequency domain, if the energy of the high-frequency component in certain time period is suddenly increased and the stress-strain curve is subjected to nonlinear mutation at the corresponding moment, the specific position where crack initiation possibly occurs can be locked, and the bonding strength between layers can be deduced according to the specific position. If the bonding strength is obviously insufficient, the energy peak of the acoustic emission signal can be compared with the trough of the strain deformation to a larger extent, and the comparison reflects that delamination and even peeling of an internal interface can be generated. For example, during high-altitude assembly of wind towers, if hysteresis occurs in the stress-strain recordings of the nacelle and support interface, and acoustic inspection also reveals that some high frequency pulse energy is far above others, it can be inferred that the interface has potential interlayer defects.

Based on the space charge accumulation region, the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material and the microcrack initiation position information, and by combining microscopic layering state analysis results of the corona discharge sensitive region, the ultraviolet radiation strengthening region and the mechanical stress concentration region, a defect risk assessment matrix of the multilayer composite insulating structure can be further constructed. The evaluation matrix not only contains quantitative description of local defects, but also can integrate indexes of electric, optical and mechanical aspects into a set of comprehensive score systems. If the charge accumulation coefficient, uv degradation index, and crack energy peak value for a region in the matrix are all high, the overall delamination risk for that region may be greater. After the matrix is established, the areas with risks exceeding a first preset threshold value in each functional area are screened according to the defect risk assessment matrix, and the areas are marked as suspicious layering areas. The marked area means that the important attention is needed in the subsequent process of performing more safety inspection or online monitoring, and if the layering risk continues to be aggravated or propagates to other adjacent parts, measures can be immediately taken to prevent crack propagation or replace parts with obvious damage. Through the process, the influence of high-altitude corona discharge, ultraviolet aging and stress concentration on the interlayer stability of the material is concentrated in the same evaluation matrix, and a more comprehensive and accurate basis is provided for timely finding hidden dangers and potential failure points of the composite insulating structure.

In one embodiment of the invention, the cross-correlation analysis is carried out on the surface potential attenuation curve and the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area to obtain the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of a material and evaluate the interface layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, and the cross-correlation analysis comprises the steps of carrying out segment fitting on the surface potential attenuation curve of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, extracting time constants of a rapid attenuation stage and a slow attenuation stage, combining high-altitude ultraviolet radiation spectrum intensity data, calculating surface charge trap density distribution, carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area, extracting characteristic frequency components and amplitude, correcting the photocurrent response according to high-altitude air pressure and temperature data to obtain a corrected photoelectric conductivity change curve, carrying out cross-correlation analysis on the surface charge trap density distribution and the corrected photoelectric conductivity change curve, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix, determining the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material according to the correlation coefficient matrix, combining the high-altitude ozone concentration and temperature cycle data, and evaluating the interface layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area.

In particular, when the surface potential attenuation curve of the ultraviolet radiation enhancement region is fitted in a segmented manner, time series data which are sufficiently dense need to be acquired in the region, so that reasonable mathematical basis exists for distinguishing the rapid attenuation stage from the slow attenuation stage. In the implementation process, experimental observation data can be input into a piecewise fitting algorithm by measuring the surface potential change curve of the high-altitude ultraviolet radiation strengthening zone under various illumination intensity conditions in advance, and two different time periods are selected as key intervals during fitting. The first interval corresponds to a period of time during which the early potential decays rapidly, and is used to extract a time constant of the rapid decay phase, and the second interval corresponds to a period of time during which the early potential decays slowly on a longer time scale, and is used to extract another set of time constants. If the time constant during the fast decay phase is significantly less than a certain predetermined threshold, it is an indication that the skin material is producing a stronger charge-shedding response to uv radiation, whereas if the time constant during the slow decay phase is longer than expected, it is an indication that the material may still be slowly releasing residual charge inside, suggesting that there is poor delamination bonding or signs of aging at the interface. By combining high-altitude ultraviolet radiation spectrum intensity data, the influence of illumination of different wave bands on the distribution of charge traps in the material can be subjected to refinement analysis, and the density distribution of the surface charge traps can be calculated. If a significant increase in charge trap density is observed at extreme band intensities, it is demonstrated that the microstructure of the material has a deeper risk of aging or delamination.

When the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area is subjected to spectrum analysis, illumination signals received by the surface layer of the material and generated current output are synchronously collected in the time domain and the frequency domain. The specific operation can record the response amplitude and the phase of the current along with the change of the incident light intensity and the spectrum components in real time by arranging the photoelectric probe in the target area. Then, the photocurrent response is split into a series of characteristic frequency components by means of fast fourier transform or coherent demodulation technology, and the amplitudes of the frequency bands are quantized to form a spectrogram of the photocurrent response. Because high air pressure and temperature often have a correction effect on the conduction mechanism of the material interface, the amplitude and the phase of each frequency band of the photoelectric current need to be correspondingly adjusted according to the acquired air pressure and temperature data, so that the influence of external environment interference on the electronic transition process is eliminated, and a corrected photoelectric conductivity change curve is obtained. If the amplitude of a certain frequency band is found to be abnormally high in a high-altitude area with lower air pressure and larger temperature amplitude, the material is indicated to have a reinforced photoelectric effect possibly under the frequency band, which implies that more obvious absorption or scattering behaviors exist at the interface joint. If the photoconductive change curve still has a high-amplitude peak after correction, the ultraviolet aging degree of the area can be judged to be more serious, and the potential microcrack distribution with higher layering association degree can be deduced.

When the surface charge trap density distribution and the modified photoconductivity change curve are subjected to cross correlation analysis, a corresponding two-dimensional matrix is required to be created on a data processing platform, the trap densities are arranged on one dimension axis, the photoconductivity change values are arranged on the other dimension axis, and correlation coefficients are calculated in a pixelation or gridding mode. If the correlation coefficient matrix shows high value aggregation near the diagonal, the trap density and the photoconductivity have forward coupling relation under the same wave band, and the material photoelectric characteristic degradation degree is deeper, and the continuous action of ultraviolet radiation can cause interface damage in a larger range. If the correlation coefficient has a high value block greater than a certain set threshold, it indicates that the material structure at the point has lost a stable electron transition channel, further exacerbating the delamination or peeling possibility. And determining the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material according to the correlation coefficient matrix, and calculating the interface stress distribution according to the high-altitude ozone concentration and the temperature cycle data by combining the analysis result. If the ozone concentration is in an ascending trend and the temperature cycle amplitude is larger, the bonding strength of the interface can be further weakened in repeated thermal expansion and contraction and oxidation reaction, and the layering process is accelerated. When evaluating the interfacial delamination degree of the uv-radiation-enhanced region, the obtained delamination risk value may be superimposed after the treatment, and if the corresponding parameter shows to be above the critical value, it indicates that a partial interlayer tear or bond layer delamination may have occurred inside the region.

Through the combination of the sectional fitting of the surface potential attenuation curve and the depth of the photocurrent response spectrum analysis, a multidimensional degradation mechanism model of the material under ultraviolet radiation impact can be constructed, and a specific mode of mutual coupling of the photoelectric characteristic degradation degree of the material and interface stress can be accurately identified by taking cross correlation analysis as a core means. The layering evaluation result obtained in this way not only reflects the dominant aging phenomenon of the material under the effect of high altitude ultraviolet rays, but also quantifies the interlayer bonding degradation process caused by the photoelectric effect, ozone, thermal circulation and other comprehensive factors, so that a detector can better position and judge the layering degree of the ultraviolet radiation strengthening area.

With continued reference to fig. 1, based on the environmental parameter, applying a mechanical tension gradually increasing step by step to the suspicious layered region, obtaining deformation behavior data of the corresponding region, analyzing an interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layered region according to the deformation behavior data, and determining a target region with microscopic layered defects;

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of applying progressive increasing mechanical tension to a suspicious layering region based on the environmental parameters, obtaining deformation behavior data of a corresponding region, analyzing an interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layering region according to the deformation behavior data, determining a target region with microscopic layering defects, calculating a material elastic modulus correction coefficient of the suspicious layering region according to the environmental parameters, obtaining a correction elastic modulus under a high-altitude environment, applying initial mechanical tension to the suspicious layering region based on the correction elastic modulus, determining a tension progressive increasing step length according to high-altitude wind load data, obtaining a progressive increasing mechanical tension sequence, sequentially applying the mechanical tension sequence to the suspicious layering region, obtaining a stress-strain curve and an acoustic emission signal under each level of tension, forming a deformation behavior data set, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the deformation behavior data set, extracting interlayer vibration characteristic frequency and energy distribution, combining the high-altitude temperature gradient data, analyzing the interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layering region, calculating vibration energy of each subarea according to the interlayer vibration mode, and determining vibration energy of each subarea to be lower than a target attenuation subarea with microscopic defect attenuation rate.

Specifically, when calculating the material elastic modulus correction coefficient of the suspicious layered region according to the environmental parameters, the influence factors such as high altitude wind load, air pressure and humidity need to be brought into the correction equation of the mechanical model first so as to perform detailed calculation of equivalent material parameters for the multi-layer composite insulating material in the region. In the implementation process, a set of conversion factors are given by combining the acquired high-altitude wind load data, air temperature range and moisture information with the intrinsic elastic modulus of the target material under the sea level condition by adopting numerical analysis software, so that the actual influence of the high-air pressure difference and wind vibration coupling effect on the rigidity of the material is quantified. If the air pressure in the high-altitude environment is obviously reduced and the temperature change amplitude is larger, the elastic modulus correction coefficient deviates from the original value, and the dynamic stress distribution of the internal molecular structure of the material under the high-altitude condition is reflected to change. The modified elastic modulus in the high-altitude environment is obtained, and the stress state at the multi-layer interface can be more accurately represented in the subsequent steps.

When an initial mechanical tension is applied to the suspicious layered region based on the corrected elastic modulus, an initial stress value needs to be set according to a numerical interval determined in advance. The stress value must not exceed the design safety margin of the composite insulation material, but is sufficient to deform in the suspicious region to obtain significant stress-strain curve characteristics for subsequent data acquisition. And then determining a tension increment step length according to the high-altitude wind load data so as to obtain a mechanical tension sequence which is gradually increased. The core principle is that the high-altitude wind load can apply disturbance to the material in both horizontal and oblique directions, the wind speed has random pulsation characteristics, the actually measured wind speed components are required to be introduced into an iterative algorithm, and the additional vibration possibly caused by increasing the tension of each stage is estimated. When the tension is sequentially adjusted upwards, if the actual displacement or vibration signal of the surface layer of the material exceeds a certain threshold value, the stress concentration can be buffered before the next loading so as to prevent excessive accumulation. After the tension loading with the gradual increment, a series of mechanical responses can be generated in the suspicious layering region under different stress levels, and a plurality of sections of stress-strain curves and acoustic emission signals are provided for subsequent wavelet packet decomposition.

The mechanical tension sequences are sequentially applied to suspicious layered areas, and after stress-strain curves and acoustic emission signals under each level of tension are obtained, the data can be collectively called deformation behavior data sets. The data set includes not only macroscopic mechanical responses (e.g., linear or nonlinear phases of a stress-strain curve) but also more microscopic material damage signals (e.g., amplitude, frequency, and energy variations of an acoustic emission waveform). After this data set is acquired, it can be processed by way of wavelet packet decomposition and the characteristic frequency and energy distribution of the interlayer vibration is extracted. The wavelet packet decomposition concept is that the time domain signals are split in multiple scales according to the layered frequency bands, and the vibration characteristics reflecting the interlayer defects of the materials are screened out by comparing the energy coefficients of the high-frequency sub-bands with the energy coefficients of the low-frequency sub-bands. Under the high-altitude environment, because the material is influenced by comprehensive factors such as wind vibration, thermal expansion, cold contraction and the like, a jump type high-frequency signal or energy steep increase can be generated in a local part of a defect area, and the characteristics can form a relatively sharp peak value on a wavelet packet energy spectrum. If a high amplitude and continuous energy peak is found in a certain sub-band, it is indicated that there is a potential delamination or cracking at that location or layer.

The interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layered region can be further analyzed by combining the high-altitude temperature gradient data. The high-altitude temperature gradient often has remarkable day and night change, and when the sunlight is strong, the thermal stress of the surface layer and the deep layer of the material can be obviously different and are overlapped with the mechanical stress. If the suspicious region shows different vibration mode distributions during the alternating high and low temperatures, it is indicated that delamination defects occur with severe temperature fluctuations with dynamic stress concentrations. For example, if the peak number of the high-frequency energy peak detected at the highest temperature point in one day is more than doubled than that detected in the early morning, and the stress-strain curve also shows the phenomenon of fluctuation aggravation, the probability of crack propagation caused by temperature difference pulling between the layers can be judged to be higher.

After the analysis of the interlayer vibration mode is completed, the vibration energy attenuation rate of each subarea needs to be calculated according to the mode to determine the severity of the delamination defect. The rate of vibration energy decay may be obtained by comparing the cumulative value of vibration energy at different points in time or at different tension levels for a subregion, if the rate of energy decay for a subregion is significantly lower, indicating that after an external impact of the same intensity is applied, the vibration will remain at a high amplitude or delay propagation in that region, which represents that the region lacks a complete internal support structure or has a discontinuity where energy is retained or reflected to be enhanced. The subareas with the vibration energy attenuation rate lower than the second preset threshold value are regarded as target areas with microscopic delamination defects, which means that obvious anomalies of the subareas occur and the subareas need to be preferentially inspected or repaired. If a plurality of subarea attenuation rates are found to successively drop down threshold values near the supporting joint in one high-altitude operation detection, the subareas are aggregated into a larger-scale layering surface, the overall safety performance is obviously reduced in the subsequent stress impact, and reinforcement or replacement measures are required to be taken in a short period of time. Through the flow of step loading, step detection and dynamic analysis, the microscopic peeling phenomenon at the multi-layer interface of the material can be effectively identified in the high-altitude environment, and the detection process is corrected by depending on environmental parameters such as temperature gradient, wind load data and the like, so that the final result is more suitable for the actual stress and thermal characteristics of the high-altitude operation.

With continued reference to fig. 1, applying multiple heat stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameters, obtaining heat diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and analyzing the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the heat diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result;

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of applying multiple heat stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameter, obtaining heat diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, analyzing the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the heat diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data, and obtaining a microcrack expansion evaluation result, wherein the method comprises the steps of calculating the heat convection coefficient of the target area in combination with the environmental parameter, determining the temperature range and the frequency of the heat stress excitation, and generating a multiple heat stress excitation sequence; sequentially applying the multiple heat stress excitation sequences to the target area to obtain a temperature-time response curve of the target area under different heat stress conditions, carrying out Fourier transformation on the temperature-time response curve, extracting heat diffusion characteristic frequency, combining material thermophysical parameters in a high-altitude environment to calculate the heat diffusion speed of the target area, carrying out thermal imaging scanning on the target area based on the heat diffusion speed to obtain temperature gradient distribution data, combining the high-altitude temperature fluctuation characteristic and analyzing a temperature gradient abnormal area, and calculating microcrack stress intensity factors according to the temperature gradient abnormal area and the high-altitude load distribution data to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result.

Specifically, when the thermal convection coefficient of the target area is calculated by combining the environmental parameters, comprehensive analysis is needed to be performed on the data such as wind speed, air pressure, humidity and the like in the high-altitude environment, and the data are input into a thermodynamic model, so that the heat exchange capacity of the multi-layer composite insulating structure in the area is determined. If the wind velocity is high and the air pressure is low, the temperature gradient between the surface of the material and the external environment will change significantly due to convective heat transfer. After the actually measured meteorological parameters and the initial temperature distribution data of the material surface are brought into a convective heat transfer equation, a corrected thermal convection coefficient can be obtained, and the temperature range and the frequency of heat stress excitation are determined according to the corrected thermal convection coefficient. If the coefficient value is higher, it means that the cooling speed of the surrounding air flow to the target area is relatively faster, and a larger temperature difference or a shorter heating and preserving time is required to be configured in the heat stress excitation sequence so as to generate enough significant temperature change on the surface of the material. Then, when generating the multiple heat stress excitation sequence, a plurality of frequency ranges of heating and cooling processes can be set on a time axis, so that the target area is periodically subjected to thermal shock, thereby triggering the heat diffusion process inside the material and providing dynamic conditions for subsequent monitoring and calculation.

When the multiple heat stress excitation sequences are sequentially applied to the target area, starting from low-amplitude thermal shock with lower temperature difference and low frequency, and after a temperature-time response curve of the material is obtained, gradually increasing the heating amplitude and increasing the heating frequency. In this process, it is necessary to record real-time temperature values of the surface and inner layers of the material at different time nodes using a temperature sensor array or thermocouple, and to form one or more temperature-time response curves from these recordings. If the temperature of the material surface rises rapidly in a certain excitation step, but the temperature of the inner layer changes relatively slowly, it is indicated that the thermal diffusion in this region is hindered by certain interface defects or delamination. If the temperature-time response curve exhibits a delayed characteristic or a distinct piecewise inflection point at a higher frequency or greater temperature differential, this means that insulating voids may form within the material at localized locations, thereby altering the otherwise continuous heat transfer path.

When fourier transforming the temperature-time response curve, it is necessary to divide the curve into several time windows and perform frequency domain transformation on the temperature signal in each time window to extract the characteristic frequency of thermal diffusion. The characteristic frequency reflects the heat conduction efficiency and the heat transfer delay effect of the material under the periodical thermal shock. If the amplitude of some frequency bands is found to be abnormally high in the conversion result and the energy attenuation rule among different frequency bands does not accord with the normal continuous heat transfer equation, the interface or defect which is unfavorable for heat energy conduction exists in the target area. The thermal diffusion speed of the target area can be further calculated by combining the thermal physical parameters of the material in the high-altitude environment, so that the thermal transfer speed of the material under the conditions of high-altitude low pressure and strong wind can be quantified. If the heat diffusion rate is far lower than the theoretical predicted value, the multi-layer composite structure is provided with more serious interlayer delamination or local cracks, so that a heat flow channel is blocked.

When the thermal imaging scanning is performed on the target area based on the thermal diffusion speed, proper infrared detection equipment is required to be selected, and high-resolution shooting and recording are performed on the surface temperature field after the thermal shock so as to obtain temperature gradient distribution data. Temperature fluctuations at high altitude conditions may be in a rapid reciprocating state and therefore images should be acquired multiple times during the entire process of the material undergoing heating to a reduced temperature, forming a continuous thermal imaging sequence. If the temperature gradient of some parts is obviously higher than the periphery in the multi-frame picture of thermal imaging, the parts can be judged as abnormal temperature gradient areas. In analyzing such areas, it is necessary to consider the high-altitude temperature fluctuation characteristic because the higher the altitude is, the larger the diurnal temperature difference is, and if the material is repeatedly subjected to severe temperature changes in a short time, the internal microcracks are liable to rapidly spread at the interface stress concentration.

And according to the temperature gradient abnormal region, the high-no-load distribution data are combined, and the stress intensity factor of the microcrack can be calculated to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result. When the high no-load distribution is incorporated into calculation, unified force thermal coupling modeling is required for the mechanical data of wind direction, load amplitude and material. If the material bears larger tensile stress or shearing stress at the abnormal point of the temperature gradient, the stress intensity factor of the microcracks is further increased, which represents that the part has higher failure risk under the combined action of thermal shock and mechanical stress. If the calculation result shows that the stress intensity factor exceeds a certain preset safety threshold, the target area has a tendency of expanding cracks to a deeper level, and reinforcing measures or material replacement are required to be introduced in subsequent maintenance or overhaul. Through the comprehensive flow of multiple heat stress excitation, subsequent thermal imaging and stress factor calculation, heat transfer abnormality caused by layering or cracking in the material can be more accurately positioned, potential expansion hidden danger is evaluated by quantitative indexes, and more powerful safety guarantee is provided for an overhead anti-falling system.

With continued reference to fig. 1, an optimal scanning parameter is selected according to the electromagnetic interference data, high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning is performed on the target area, medium reflection waveform data of the target area is obtained, and accurate positions and ranges of microscopic layering defects are determined according to the medium reflection waveform data, so that defect positioning information is generated.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of selecting optimal scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data, carrying out high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, obtaining medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determining the accurate position and range of the micro layering defect according to the medium reflection waveform data, generating defect positioning information, optimizing the scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data in combination with high altitude ionosphere characteristics to obtain optimal scanning frequency and pulse width, carrying out multi-angle acoustic imaging scanning on the target area by utilizing the optimal scanning frequency and the pulse width to obtain medium reflection waveform data under different incident angles, carrying out time-frequency analysis on the medium reflection waveform data, extracting waveform characteristic parameters, combining the high altitude environment parameters, calculating the depth and range of a reflection interface, determining the accurate position and range of the micro layering defect, and corresponding the accurate position and range information of the micro layering defect to the structural layout of high altitude anti-falling equipment to generate the defect positioning information.

Specifically, according to the electromagnetic interference data, in combination with the high altitude ionosphere characteristic, when the scanning parameters are optimized, the atmospheric ionization degree, the spatial electromagnetic noise distribution and the electromagnetic field environment around the equipment in the high altitude area are required to be quantitatively analyzed, and then the emission frequency and the pulse width of acoustic detection are subjected to multidimensional evaluation according to the quantitative results. If there is strong ionization interference or electromagnetic noise in the middle-high frequency band in the surrounding environment, the distribution interval of the scanning frequency needs to be correspondingly reduced or converted to avoid serious coupling between the acoustic signal and the electromagnetic interference. After the environmental factors are included in the optimization algorithm, a balance point can be found among the peak power of the transmitted pulse, the pulse repetition interval and the modulation bandwidth, so that the acoustic waveform still maintains a considerable signal-to-noise ratio in the attenuation environment of the high-altitude ionosphere. If the atmospheric ionization is weak and the medium frequency interference is relatively controllable, a moderate increase in the scanning frequency can be attempted to obtain higher resolution. In the setting of pulse width, the thickness and the sound wave propagation characteristics of a plurality of layers of composite insulating materials in the high-altitude anti-falling device need to be considered, if the pulse width is too long, overlapping between adjacent interface echoes can be caused, the identification degree of subsequent reflection information is reduced, and if the pulse width is too short, more attenuation loss can be introduced under the high-altitude low-pressure condition. Through the combined analysis based on the electromagnetic interference data and the high altitude ionosphere characteristics, the optimal scanning frequency and the pulse width can be finally obtained, and a stable foundation is provided for the follow-up multi-angle acoustic imaging scanning.

When the optimal scanning frequency and pulse width are utilized to carry out multi-angle acoustic imaging scanning on a target area, the acoustic probe needs to be sequentially moved in space and pulse is emitted under different incidence angles, so that multiple groups of medium reflection waveform data are obtained. In the implementation process, the fine positioning of the probe in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be controlled through a plurality of fixed clamps or a multi-axis moving platform, so that the same coupling state and the same emergent angle precision can be kept for each scanning. If the detection is required to be carried out on the curved surface or the edge position of the high-altitude anti-falling device, a coupling layer can be attached to the surface of the device or a flexible guided wave material is arranged at the end part of the probe, so that poor coupling caused by high-altitude wind load or uneven surface is prevented. Each emission of an acoustic pulse will reflect or refract within the material and return to the probe receiving end at a different time. By recording the echo intensities, delays and phase changes returned at different angles of incidence, a series of medium reflection datasets with three-dimensional information can be constructed. If a reflection peak with remarkable abnormality is received at a certain angle, and the time delay of the peak is continuously deviated after being compared with the adjacent angle, the existence of density discontinuity or material layering can be primarily judged.

When the time-frequency analysis is carried out on the medium reflection waveform data, the characteristic information of the time domain and the frequency domain is fused by means of short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and the like, so that key parameters such as main peak values, phases, energy distribution and the like of the waveform are extracted. If an instantaneous high-amplitude peak appears in a certain time interval and the frequency component of the peak is biased to a higher end, the existence of a more severe acoustic impedance change at the surface or internal interface of the material is indicated, which means potential microcracks or layered gaps. And after the high-altitude environment parameters are combined, sound velocity changes caused by atmospheric pressure, wind speed, temperature and the like can be included in a correction model for waveform delay, so that the depth and range of the reflection interface can be calculated. If there is a significant deviation between the delay time of some echo signals and the sound velocity calculation result of the reference material, the material thickness or density state representing the position is different from the normal value. If the depth information measured under a plurality of incidence angles is subjected to triangulation or multi-view cross comparison, the error range of defect positioning can be further reduced. By the aid of the method, the actual position of the microscopic layering defect in the three-dimensional space can be reflected more accurately, and accurate basis can be provided for subsequent maintenance or reinforcement.

After determining the precise position and range of the microscopic layering defect, the position is required to be corresponding to the structural layout of the high-altitude anti-falling device, so that defect positioning information is generated. The three-dimensional CAD model or the layout of the high-altitude anti-falling device is aligned with a coordinate system obtained by acoustic scanning, and defects can be marked in specific nodes or component numbers in the device structure. If the high-altitude anti-falling system is formed by compounding a plurality of layers of composite insulating materials, a bearing component and a high-voltage control circuit, the severity of interlayer layering can be distinguished in a model in a color or graphic mode, and a connecting piece or a joint surface which can be affected is prompted. If the scanning result shows that a certain local area has a large range of abnormal acoustic impedance and the corresponding part is just a high-load or high-stress node, warning level can be added in the defect positioning information to remind a site manager to quickly take replacement or reinforcement measures. If the defect location is small but in the vicinity of the high voltage control line, it is also necessary to evaluate its potential impact on the insulation characteristics to prevent the risk of partial discharge or breakdown from rising. Through the process, the defect positioning information not only helps to identify failure hidden trouble among material layers, but also plays a key role in equipment operation and maintenance management. If acoustic scanning is needed again in the follow-up inspection or overhead operation, whether further expansion occurs can be tracked in a targeted manner only by calling the previous positioning information, so that the whole set of overhead anti-falling equipment is ensured to be kept complete and safe under the extreme operation condition.

The method for detecting a defect of a high-altitude safety system according to the embodiment of the present invention is described above, and the following describes a defect detection device of a high-altitude safety system according to the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, one embodiment of the defect detection device of a high-altitude safety system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

The regional division module 101 is configured to perform regional division on a high-voltage control component and a multi-layer composite insulation structure in the high-altitude anti-falling device to obtain a plurality of functional areas, and perform preliminary investigation on each of the functional areas to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area;

The high-voltage pulse analysis module 102 is configured to determine a high-voltage pulse parameter of each functional area according to the environmental parameter and the electromagnetic interference data, sequentially apply corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area, obtain interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, and analyze a microscopic layering state of each functional area according to the interface transient response data to obtain suspicious layering areas;

the mechanical tension analysis module 103 is configured to apply a mechanical tension that increases gradually to the suspicious layered region based on the environmental parameter, obtain deformation behavior data of the corresponding region, analyze an interlayer vibration mode of the suspicious layered region according to the deformation behavior data, and determine a target region with a microscopic layered defect;

The heat stress analysis module 104 is configured to apply multiple heat stress excitation to the target area in combination with the environmental parameter, obtain heat diffusion speed and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and analyze the microcrack expansion condition of the target area according to the heat diffusion speed and the temperature gradient distribution data, so as to obtain a microcrack expansion evaluation result;

And the acoustic imaging module 105 is used for selecting optimal scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data, performing high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, acquiring medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determining the accurate position and range of the microscopic layering defect according to the medium reflection waveform data, and generating defect positioning information.

The defect detection device for the high-altitude fall protection system in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above in terms of a modularized functional entity in fig. 2, and the defect detection device for the high-altitude fall protection system in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in terms of hardware processing.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a defect detecting device for an overhead protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the defect detecting device 200 for an overhead protection system may have relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors (central processing units, CPU) 210 (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 220, and one or more storage mediums 230 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) that store application programs 233 or data 232. Wherein the memory 220 and the storage medium 230 may be transitory or persistent storage. The program stored in the storage medium 230 may include one or more modules (not shown), each of which may include a series of instruction operations in the defect detection device 200 for the high-altitude fall arrest system. Still further, the processor 210 may be configured to communicate with the storage medium 230 to execute a series of instruction operations in the storage medium 230 on the defect detection device 200 for the high-altitude fall arrest system to implement the steps of the defect detection method for the high-altitude fall arrest system described above.

The defect detection device 200 for an overhead protection system may also include one or more power supplies 240, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 250, one or more input output interfaces 260, and/or one or more operating systems 231, such as Windows Serve, mac OS X, unix, linux, freeBSD, and the like. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration of the defect detection apparatus for a high-altitude fall arrest system shown in FIG. 3 is not limiting of the defect detection apparatus for a high-altitude fall arrest system provided by the present invention, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or may be combined with certain components, or may be arranged with different components.

The present invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer readable storage medium, and may also be a volatile computer readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored, which when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the defect detection method for an overhead safety system.

It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system or apparatus and unit described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.

The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. The storage medium includes a U disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A defect detection method for a high altitude fall prevention system, characterized by comprising: The high-voltage electric control components and multi-layer composite insulation structures in the high-altitude fall prevention equipment are divided into regions to obtain multiple functional areas, and preliminary investigations are conducted on each of the functional areas to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area; Determine the high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, apply corresponding high-voltage pulses to each functional area in turn, obtain interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, analyze the microscopic stratification state of each functional area according to the interface transient response data, and obtain the suspected stratification area; Based on the environmental parameters, gradually increasing mechanical tension is applied to the suspected delamination area to obtain deformation behavior data of the corresponding area, and the interlayer vibration mode of the suspected delamination area is analyzed according to the deformation behavior data to determine the target area where microscopic delamination defects exist; In combination with the environmental parameters, multiple thermal stress excitations are applied to the target area to obtain the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, and the microcrack propagation of the target area is analyzed according to the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data to obtain a microcrack propagation evaluation result; The optimal scanning parameters are selected according to the electromagnetic interference data, and a high-resolution acoustic imaging scan is performed on the target area to obtain medium reflection waveform data of the target area. The precise position and range of microscopic stratification defects are determined according to the medium reflection waveform data to generate defect location information. 2. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-voltage electric control components and the multi-layer composite insulation structure in the high-altitude fall prevention equipment are regionalized to obtain multiple functional areas, and each of the functional areas is preliminarily investigated to obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area, including: According to the spatial layout and stress characteristics of the high-altitude fall prevention equipment, the high-voltage electric control components and the multi-layer composite insulation structure are divided into a corona discharge sensitive area, an ultraviolet radiation enhanced area and a mechanical stress concentration area; Performing air ionization measurement and partial discharge detection on the corona discharge sensitive area to obtain ion concentration distribution data and discharge pulse distribution diagram of the corona discharge sensitive area; Measuring the ultraviolet intensity and material spectral reflectance of the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area to obtain ultraviolet radiation spectrum data and material aging degree data of the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area; Performing vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis on the mechanical stress concentration area to obtain vibration modal data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area; According to the ion concentration distribution data, discharge pulse distribution diagram, ultraviolet radiation spectrum data, material aging degree data, vibration mode data and stress wave propagation characteristics, combined with the real-time air pressure change curve, the mutual influence coefficient of each parameter in the high-altitude extreme environment is calculated through a multi-parameter cross analysis method; The mutual influence coefficient is used to perform weighted fusion on the data to generate a comprehensive evaluation index reflecting the high-altitude electrical-thermal-mechanical coupling effect; Based on the comprehensive evaluation index, the obtained preliminary environmental parameters and preliminary electromagnetic interference data are corrected and refined, and the environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area are finally determined. 3. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 2 is characterized in that the vibration spectrum analysis and dynamic stress analysis are performed on the mechanical stress concentration area to obtain the vibration modal data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area, including: Obtain vibration response data of mechanical stress concentration areas under different high-altitude operation load conditions; Performing wavelet packet decomposition on the vibration response data to extract high-frequency weak vibration features and identify potential microcrack initiation position coordinates; Collecting acoustic signals near the coordinates of the potential microcrack initiation position; Adaptively performing noise elimination processing on the acoustic signal to eliminate interference caused by high-altitude wind loads and extract effective acoustic emission signals related to material damage; Analyze the time-frequency characteristics and energy distribution of the effective acoustic emission signal, and calculate the microcrack extension parameters in combination with the real-time high-altitude temperature gradient data; According to the microcrack propagation parameters, the propagation trend of microcracks in high-altitude extreme environments is evaluated to generate dynamic risk distribution data of mechanical stress concentration areas; The dynamic risk distribution data is used in combination with the load distribution information of the aerial work to calculate and update the vibration modal data and stress wave propagation characteristics of the mechanical stress concentration area. 4. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the high-voltage pulse parameters of each functional area are determined according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, the corresponding high-voltage pulses are applied to each functional area in turn, the interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure is obtained, and the microscopic stratification state of each functional area is analyzed according to the interface transient response data to obtain the suspicious stratification area, including: According to the environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data, a step pulse sequence with increasing amplitude is used for the corona discharge sensitive area, a variable frequency sinusoidally modulated high voltage pulse is used for the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area, and a composite frequency oscillating attenuated pulse is applied to the mechanical stress concentration area; Applying corresponding high voltage pulses in each functional area in turn, obtaining the transient current waveform and charge-voltage characteristic curve of the corona discharge sensitive area, the surface potential decay curve and photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area, and the acoustic emission signal and stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentration area; The transient current waveform of the corona discharge sensitive area is subjected to wavelet transformation to extract the high-frequency component characteristics, and combined with the charge-voltage characteristic curve, the space charge accumulation area is identified and the microscopic stratification state of the corona discharge sensitive area is analyzed; the surface potential decay curve and photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area are cross-correlated analyzed to obtain the degree of degradation of the material's photoelectric characteristics and evaluate the degree of interface stratification in the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area; the acoustic emission signal and stress-strain response of the mechanical stress concentration area are analyzed in a time-frequency joint manner to locate the microcrack initiation position and determine the interlayer bonding strength in the mechanical stress concentration area; Based on the information of space charge accumulation area, degradation degree of material photoelectric properties and microcrack initiation location, combined with the micro-stratification state analysis results of corona discharge sensitive area, ultraviolet radiation enhanced area and mechanical stress concentration area, a defect risk assessment matrix of multi-layer composite insulation structure is constructed; According to the defect risk assessment matrix, areas in each functional area where the defect risk exceeds a first preset threshold are determined, and these areas are marked as suspicious stratification areas. 5. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 4 is characterized in that the surface potential decay curve and the photocurrent response of the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area are cross-correlated analyzed to obtain the degree of degradation of the photoelectric properties of the material and evaluate the degree of interface stratification in the ultraviolet radiation enhanced area, including: The surface potential decay curve in the UV radiation enhanced area was fitted in sections, the time constants of the fast decay stage and the slow decay stage were extracted, and the surface charge trap density distribution was calculated by combining the high-altitude UV radiation spectrum intensity data; The spectrum analysis of the photocurrent response in the UV radiation enhanced area is carried out to extract the characteristic frequency components and amplitudes, and the photocurrent response is corrected according to the high-altitude air pressure and temperature data to obtain the corrected photoconductivity change curve; Performing cross-correlation analysis on the surface charge trap density distribution and the corrected photoconductivity change curve, calculating a correlation coefficient matrix, and determining the degree of degradation of the photoelectric properties of the material according to the correlation coefficient matrix; Based on the degree of degradation of the photoelectric properties of the material, combined with high-altitude ozone concentration and temperature cycle data, the interface stress distribution is calculated and the degree of interface stratification in the ultraviolet radiation enhanced zone is evaluated. 6. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, based on the environmental parameters, a gradually increasing mechanical tension is applied to the suspected delamination area, deformation behavior data of the corresponding area is obtained, and the interlayer vibration mode of the suspected delamination area is analyzed according to the deformation behavior data to determine the target area where the microscopic delamination defect exists, including: Calculating a material elastic modulus correction coefficient of the suspected delamination area according to the environmental parameters to obtain a corrected elastic modulus in a high-altitude environment; Based on the modified elastic modulus, an initial mechanical tension is applied to the suspected delamination area, and a tension increasing step length is determined according to high-altitude wind load data to obtain a step-by-step increasing mechanical tension sequence; applying the mechanical tension sequence to the suspected delamination area in sequence, obtaining stress-strain curves and acoustic emission signals under each tension level, and forming a deformation behavior data set; Perform wavelet packet decomposition on the deformation behavior data set, extract interlayer vibration characteristic frequency and energy distribution, and analyze the interlayer vibration mode of the suspected stratified area in combination with high-altitude temperature gradient data; According to the interlayer vibration mode, the vibration energy attenuation rate of each sub-region is calculated, and the sub-region with a vibration energy attenuation rate lower than a second preset threshold is determined as a target region with microscopic delamination defects. 7. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in combination with the environmental parameters, multiple thermal stress excitations are applied to the target area, the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area are obtained, and the microcrack extension of the target area is analyzed according to the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data to obtain the microcrack extension evaluation result, including: Calculating the thermal convection coefficient of the target area in combination with the environmental parameters, determining the temperature range and frequency of the thermal stress excitation, and generating multiple thermal stress excitation sequences; applying the multiple heat stress stimulation sequences to the target area in sequence to obtain a temperature-time response curve of the target area under different heat stress conditions; Performing Fourier transformation on the temperature-time response curve, extracting the characteristic frequency of thermal diffusion, and calculating the thermal diffusion rate of the target area in combination with the thermal physical property parameters of the material under the high-altitude environment; Based on the heat diffusion rate, a thermal imaging scan is performed on the target area to obtain temperature gradient distribution data, and combined with the high-altitude temperature fluctuation characteristics, the temperature gradient abnormal area is analyzed; According to the abnormal temperature gradient area, combined with the high-altitude load distribution data, the microcrack stress intensity factor is calculated to obtain the microcrack extension assessment result. 8. The defect detection method for a high-altitude fall prevention system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the optimal scanning parameters are selected according to the electromagnetic interference data, a high-resolution acoustic imaging scan is performed on the target area, medium reflection waveform data of the target area is obtained, the precise position and range of the microscopic stratification defect are determined according to the medium reflection waveform data, and defect location information is generated, including: According to the electromagnetic interference data, combined with the characteristics of the high-altitude ionosphere, the scanning parameters are optimized to obtain the optimal scanning frequency and pulse width; Using the optimal scanning frequency and pulse width, a multi-angle acoustic imaging scan is performed on the target area to obtain medium reflection waveform data at different incident angles; Performing time-frequency analysis on the medium reflection waveform data, extracting waveform characteristic parameters, and combining high-altitude environmental parameters to calculate the depth and range of the reflection interface, and determine the precise location and range of micro-stratification defects; The precise position and range information of the microscopic stratification defects are matched with the structural layout of the high-altitude fall prevention equipment to generate defect location information. 9. A defect detection device for a high-altitude fall prevention system, characterized in that the defect detection for the high-altitude fall prevention system adopts the defect detection method for the high-altitude fall prevention system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the defect detection device for the high-altitude fall prevention system comprises: The regional division module is used to divide the high-voltage electric control components and multi-layer composite insulation structures in the high-altitude fall prevention equipment into regions, obtain multiple functional areas, conduct preliminary investigations on each of the functional areas, and obtain environmental parameters and electromagnetic interference data of each area; A high-voltage pulse analysis module, used to determine the high-voltage pulse parameters of each of the functional areas according to the environmental parameters and the electromagnetic interference data, apply corresponding high-voltage pulses to each of the functional areas in sequence, obtain the interface transient response data of the multi-layer composite insulation structure, analyze the microscopic stratification state of each of the functional areas according to the interface transient response data, and obtain the suspected stratification area; A mechanical tension analysis module, for applying a gradually increasing mechanical tension to the suspected delamination area based on the environmental parameters, obtaining deformation behavior data of the corresponding area, analyzing the interlayer vibration mode of the suspected delamination area according to the deformation behavior data, and determining the target area with microscopic delamination defects; A thermal stress analysis module, used to apply multiple thermal stress excitations to the target area in combination with the environmental parameters, obtain the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data of the target area, analyze the microcrack extension of the target area according to the thermal diffusion rate and temperature gradient distribution data, and obtain a microcrack extension evaluation result; The acoustic imaging module is used to select optimal scanning parameters according to the electromagnetic interference data, perform high-resolution acoustic imaging scanning on the target area, obtain medium reflection waveform data of the target area, determine the precise position and range of microscopic stratification defects according to the medium reflection waveform data, and generate defect location information. 10. A defect detection device for a high-altitude fall prevention system, characterized in that the defect detection device for a high-altitude fall prevention system comprises: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; The at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory so that the defect detection device for the high-altitude fall prevention system performs the steps of the defect detection method for the high-altitude fall prevention system as described in any one of claims 1-8.