CN119859078B - Amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereofInfo
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- CN119859078B CN119859078B CN202510105212.4A CN202510105212A CN119859078B CN 119859078 B CN119859078 B CN 119859078B CN 202510105212 A CN202510105212 A CN 202510105212A CN 119859078 B CN119859078 B CN 119859078B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种氨基酸硒叶面肥及其制备方法，所述氨基酸硒叶面肥按照质量份数包括以下原料：30‑80份氨基酸、0.6‑5份硒源、0.05‑0.2份黑芥子苷。本发明通过叶面肥的原料搭配、各营养成分之间的相互作用以及叶面肥制备工艺改进，能够较好地解决作物的产量、品质以及叶面肥吸收利用率问题。The invention discloses an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 30-80 parts of amino acids, 0.6-5 parts of selenium sources, and 0.05-0.2 parts of sinigrin. The invention can better solve the problems of crop yield, quality, and foliar fertilizer absorption and utilization rate through the raw material matching of the foliar fertilizer, the interaction between various nutrients, and the improvement of the foliar fertilizer preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of functional fertilizers, and particularly relates to an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Selenium is one of microelements necessary for living activities of organisms, and has important functions of nourishing and repairing cardiac muscle, scavenging free radicals in vivo, delaying aging, regulating human body microcirculation system, etc. The plant source organic selenium is safe, green and efficient, and is a beneficial way for people and animals to ingest selenium. Along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the pursuit of people on health is more urgent, and the demand for selenium-enriched foods is also increasing.
The foliar fertilizer is an external root fertilizer, and is directly sprayed on the surfaces of crop leaves, absorbed by the leaves and used for conveying nutrients to all parts in the crops. The fertilizer mainly plays a role in compensating for insufficient fertilizer supply of root systems, balancing crop nutrition or relieving temporary supply and shortage in a certain growth period of crops. The leaves directly absorb and utilize available nutrients, so that the utilization rate of the nutrients is high, and meanwhile, the reduction of the effectiveness of the soil due to the fixation of certain nutrients can be avoided. The foliar fertilizer has the advantages that the foliar fertilizer absorbs nutrients faster than the root, and is favorable for timely meeting the requirements of crop growth and development, so that the foliar fertilizer is commonly used for quickly supplementing the nutrients required by plants in agriculture
The amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer is a foliar fertilizer containing both amino acid and selenium element, combines the advantages of two nutrients, and is used for improving the growth and quality of crops. However, most of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizers produced domestically in recent years do not consider the following points when improving the yield and quality of crops:
(1) The nutrients sprayed on the leaf surface enter the plant body through the cuticle and the air holes of the leaf, however, the prior art mostly only focuses on the problem of matching the nutrients in the leaf fertilizer, ignores the influence of the open condition of the air holes of the plant leaf on the absorption of the nutrients such as amino acid, selenium and the like, and causes the unsatisfactory fertilization effect. While the foliar fertilizer is sprayed under the condition of proper external environment in daily operation, proper blade holes are ensured as much as possible, various uncertain factors exist in the environmental conditions, and proper spraying conditions of the foliar fertilizer cannot be ensured. (2) The cuticle is a protective layer of the plant leaf, the cuticle is a mixture composed of polysaccharide and lipid compounds, and nutrients applied to the leaf surface can sequentially penetrate through the cuticle, cell walls and cell membranes to enter plant cells and then are transported in the leaf tissue, so that the affinity between the nutrients of the leaf fertilizer and the cuticle is an important consideration factor, but the prior art mostly ignores the factor, and the wetting performance of the leaf fertilizer on the leaf is improved only by a wetting agent, so that the improvement effect often cannot solve the problem of the affinity between the nutrients and the cuticle of the leaf from the source. (3) In the prior art, the preparation process of the foliar fertilizer is simple, the interaction among nutrient substances is not considered, so that the nutrient substance absorptivity is low, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low. (4) Environmental conditions (illumination conditions, temperature and the like) can obviously influence the foliar fertilization effect, and especially the illumination conditions directly influence the foliar photosynthesis, so that the application conditions of the foliar fertilizer are more strict, and inconvenience is brought to actual operation.
In summary, how to provide an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which comprehensively improve the yield and quality of crops and the absorption and utilization rate of the foliar fertilizer, is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which can better solve the problems of crop yield, quality and foliar fertilizer absorption and utilization rate through raw material collocation, interaction among various nutritional components and foliar fertilizer preparation process improvement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 30-80 parts of amino acid, 0.6-5 parts of selenium source and 0.05-0.2 part of sinigrin.
Preferably, the amino acid includes any one or more of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine and arginine. More preferably, the amino acid includes any one or more of lysine, histidine and arginine. More preferably, the amino acids include lysine, histidine and arginine in a mass ratio of 1 (0.3-1): 0.5-3.
Preferably, the selenium source comprises any one or two of selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine. More preferably, the selenium source comprises selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine with the mass ratio of (0.3-5) being 1.
Preferably, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer also comprises any one or more of 0.5-3 parts of auxiliary agent, 1-6 parts of trace element, 0.1-5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer and 50-100 parts of water.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent comprises one or more of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, laureth, sorbitol stearate and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil.
Preferably, the trace elements include any one or more of copper (copper sulfate), iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), manganese (manganese sulfate), boron (borax) and molybdenum (ammonium molybdate). More preferably, the microelements comprise iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and manganese (manganese sulfate) with the mass ratio of (0.1-0.6) (0.1-1) (0.1-0.5).
Preferably, the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea or ammonium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer is water aqua or powder.
The invention provides a preparation method of an amino acid selenium leaf fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of weighing water according to a formula, sequentially adding other raw materials (including amino acid, selenium source, sinigrin, and optionally additives, microelements and nitrogenous fertilizer) in the formula, and uniformly stirring.
The preparation method of the powder comprises taking raw materials (including amino acid, selenium source, sinigrin, and optionally adjuvants, microelements, and nitrogenous fertilizer) according to the formula, mixing, and freeze drying.
Preferably, the above freeze-drying is carried out by conventional methods, and reference may be made to conventional amino acid or polypeptide lyophilized powder production conditions, such as a temperature of- (10-40) °c, a vacuum of 10-30Pa:
preferably, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer also comprises 0.3-2 parts of anionic surfactant.
Preferably, the anionic surfactant is disodium tocopheryl phosphate, sodium laurate, sodium oleate or sodium stearate. More preferably, the anionic surfactant is disodium tocopheryl phosphate.
Preferably, the invention also provides a preparation method of another amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, which comprises the following steps:
Adding water into amino acid and selenium source according to a formula at 30-50 ℃ to mix uniformly, regulating the pH value to 6.8-7.3 to obtain solution 1, adding water into anionic surfactant to mix uniformly at 40-70 ℃ to regulate the pH value to 6.0-6.7 to obtain solution 2, dropwise adding the solution 1 into the solution 2, stirring at the speed of 30-100r/min for 5-10min after the dripping is finished to obtain mixed solution, spray-drying the mixed solution to obtain powder 1, mixing other raw materials (including sinigrin, optionally adding additives, trace elements and nitrogenous fertilizers) in the foliar fertilizer formula uniformly, freeze-drying to obtain powder 2, and uniformly mixing the powder 1 and the powder 2 to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, the water addition amount of the preparation solution 1 is 3-10 times of the mass of the amino acid, and the water addition amount of the preparation solution 2 is 1-6 times of the mass of the anionic surfactant.
Preferably, the spray drying condition is that the spray pressure is 0.5-0.8MPa, the feeding speed is 0.7-0.9L/h, and the air inlet temperature is 120-130 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer in grain crops or vegetable and fruit planting.
Preferably, the grain crop is rice, corn, beans, potatoes, highland barley, broad beans or wheat. More preferably, the food crop is rice.
Preferably, the vegetables and fruits are vegetables or fruits.
The vegetables are specifically radix Raphani, chinese cabbage, herba Apii Graveolentis, folium Allii tuberosi, bulbus Allii, herba Alii Fistulosi, radix Dauci Sativae, fructus melo, flos Nelumbinis, jerusalem artichoke, semen Canavaliae, herba Coriandri, caulis et folium Lactucae Sativae, daylily, capsici fructus, fructus Cucumidis Sativi, fructus Lycopersici Esculenti or herba Coriandri.
The fruit is specifically pear, apple, green plum, peach, apricot, orange, plum, cherry, strawberry, fructus Saussureae Involueratae or date.
The application method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying 60-300g of foliar fertilizer stock solution per mu each time, directly spraying the foliar fertilizer or diluting the foliar fertilizer with water for 100-1000 times, spraying powder each time, adding 1-3 times of water into the foliar fertilizer powder for dissolving, directly spraying or diluting the foliar fertilizer powder with water for 100-1000 times, and spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2-10 times each season as required.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. the foliar fertilizer contains amino acid and organic selenium, the amino acid can supplement nutrition, promote plant growth and metabolism, and the selenium can improve the nutritional value of agricultural products.
2. The invention adds the myrosin into the foliar fertilizer, and the myrosin contains the following functions that (1) the myrosin is a thio-glucoside in cruciferous plants, has bacteriostasis after being applied to the foliar, can reduce diseases and promote the growth of agricultural products, (2) the myrosin contains potassium ions, can slowly release the potassium ions after being sprayed to the foliar, improves the permeability of cell membranes of the foliar, is beneficial to improving the opening degree of foliar pores and promotes the absorption of the foliar fertilizer, and (3) a small amount of sulfur contained in the myrosin can cooperate with selenium element in the foliar fertilizer to promote the absorption of the agricultural products, thereby further improving the selenium content in the agricultural products.
3. The invention can prepare the foliar fertilizer into water aqua or powder, adopts a specific method to prepare the foliar fertilizer into powder, can improve the solubility and the dispersibility of each nutrient substance, obviously improves the application effect of the foliar fertilizer on the leaves, and is beneficial to the full absorption of the plant leaves on the nutrition.
4. When the foliar fertilizer is prepared into powder, the dissolubility of amino acid, selenium source and the like contained in the formula is unstable, so that the solution 1 containing the amino acid and the selenium source is firstly prepared, the pH is regulated to 6.8-7.3, the pH is smaller than the isoelectric point of the amino acid to ensure that the amino acid is positively charged, the carboxyl in the selenium source (selenomethionine Pka=2.26 and seleno-L-cysteine Pka=5.2) is dissociated to generate hydrogen to display negative electricity at the pH value, the amino acid and the selenium source in the solution 1 can be mutually adsorbed, then the solution 2 containing the anionic surfactant with the pH value of 6.0-6.7 is prepared, the anionic surfactant and the positively charged amino acid form tight adsorption in the process of dropping the solution 1 into the solution 2, and the positive electric property of the amino acid is enhanced when the solution 1 is dropped into the solution 2 because the pH value of the solution 2 is lower than the solution 1, the adsorption is further promoted, so that the selenium source-amino acid-anionic surfactant-three-layer structure can be formed, and then the solution is sprayed and dried. The foliar fertilizer containing the three-molecular layer structure has better affinity with the cell structure of the plant leaf, can be tightly adhered to the surface of the leaf, can quickly penetrate through the horny layer of the leaf, and can convey nutrition into the leaf.
5. The amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the anionic surfactant plays a role in guiding and improving the osmotic activity, and secondly, the amino acid connected with the anionic surfactant enters plant leaves to play a role in regulating growth, and improving photosynthesis of the leaves, so that selenium sources are absorbed on the basis, and the absorption of selenium nutrition can be better ensured.
6. The anionic surfactant is preferably tocopherol disodium phosphate, and has the effects that (1) the contained tocopherol structure has synergistic effect with selenium besides regulating plant growth and development, and the tocopherol and the hydrophilic structure phosphoric acid of the tocopherol structure have better affinity with plant cell membranes, so that the transportation of nutrients in the foliar fertilizer in the foliar structure can be promoted, (2) the application effect of the foliar fertilizer can be influenced by general illumination conditions, the adaptability of the foliar fertilizer to various illumination conditions of the foliar fertilizer can be improved by the contained tocopherol disodium phosphate, and the effect of sinigrin on leaf pores is combined, so that the foliar fertilizer has better application effect in different illumination, and (3) the selenium source-amino acid-tocopherol disodium phosphate three-molecular layer structure, namely, the tocopherol disodium phosphate can be used as a protective layer, the nutrients in the foliar fertilizer can be protected, the evaporation of water after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed can be reduced, and the burn of the foliar fertilizer with excessive concentration of the nutrients after the evaporation of water can be reduced.
Detailed Description
The foregoing will be further described in conjunction with the following specific embodiments, it being understood that these embodiments are provided to illustrate the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, and that the invention is not limited in scope by the following embodiments, which may be further modified according to specific requirements, but in which the conditions of execution are not explicitly stated, typically in routine experimentation.
All starting materials are commercially available or prepared by methods conventional in the art, not specifically described in the examples below.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50 parts of amino acid, 1 part of selenium source, 3 parts of trace elements, 2 parts of urea, 0.1 part of sinigrin, 1 part of auxiliary agent (polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil) and 70 parts of water.
The amino acid comprises aspartic acid, serine, proline, glycine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine in equal parts by weight. The selenium source comprises selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine in a mass ratio of 1:2.
The microelements comprise iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and manganese (manganese sulfate) with the mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.5:0.2.
The preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer water agent comprises the following steps of weighing water according to a formula, sequentially adding other raw materials in the formula, and uniformly stirring to obtain the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer water agent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50 parts of amino acid, 1 part of selenium source, 3 parts of trace elements, 2 parts of urea, 0.1 part of sinigrin, 1 part of auxiliary agent (polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil) and 1 part of anionic surfactant (disodium tocopheryl phosphate).
The amino acids comprise lysine, histidine and arginine in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:1. The selenium source comprises selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine in a mass ratio of 1:2.
The microelements comprise iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and manganese (manganese sulfate) with the mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.5:0.2.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, which comprises the following steps:
Adding water (the water adding amount is 5 times of the mass of the amino acid) into the amino acid and selenium source according to a formula, uniformly mixing to obtain a solution 1, adding water (the water adding amount is 3 times of the mass of the anionic surfactant) into the anionic surfactant at 50 ℃ to uniformly mix to obtain a solution 2, dropwise adding the solution 1 into the solution 2 while the solution is hot, stirring at the speed of 55 ℃ and 60r/min for 8min to obtain a mixed solution, spray-drying the mixed solution (the spray pressure is 0.6MPa, the feeding speed is 0.8L/h and the air inlet temperature is 125 ℃) to obtain a powder 1, uniformly mixing other raw materials in the foliar fertilizer formula, freeze-drying (-30 ℃) to obtain the powder 2, and uniformly mixing the powder 1 and the powder 2 to obtain the foliar fertilizer powder of the amino acid selenium.
Example 3
This example provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer which differs from example 2 in that the anionic surfactant is sodium laurate.
Example 4
This example provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer which differs from example 2 in that the anionic surfactant is sodium oleate.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 30 parts of amino acid, 0.6 part of selenium source, 1 part of trace elements, 0.3 part of urea, 0.05 part of sinigrin, 0.5 part of auxiliary agent (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) and 0.3 part of anionic surfactant (disodium tocopheryl phosphate).
The amino acids comprise lysine, histidine and arginine in a mass ratio of 1:0.3:0.5. The selenium source comprises selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine in a mass ratio of 1:0.3.
The microelements comprise iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and manganese (manganese sulfate) with the mass ratio of 1:0.1:0.1:0.1.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, which comprises the following steps:
Adding water (the water addition amount is 3 times of the mass of the amino acid) into the amino acid and selenium source according to a formula at 30 ℃ to uniformly mix, regulating the pH value to 6.8 to obtain solution 1, adding water (the water addition amount is 2 times of the mass of the anionic surfactant) into the anionic surfactant at 40 ℃ to uniformly mix, regulating the pH value to 6.0 to obtain solution 2, dropwise adding the solution 1 into the solution 2 while the solution is hot, stirring at the speed of 50 ℃ and 100r/min for 5min after the solution is dropwise added to obtain a mixed solution, spray-drying the mixed solution (the spray pressure is 0.5MPa, the feed speed is 0.7L/h and the air inlet temperature is 120 ℃) to obtain powder 1, uniformly mixing other raw materials in the foliar fertilizer formula, freeze-drying (-30 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 20 Pa) to obtain powder 2, and uniformly mixing the powder 1 and the powder 2 to obtain the selenium foliar fertilizer powder.
Example 6
The embodiment provides an amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 80 parts of amino acid, 5 parts of selenium source, 6 parts of trace elements, 5 parts of urea, 0.2 part of sinigrin, 3 parts of auxiliary agent (laureth) and 2 parts of anionic surfactant (disodium tocopheryl phosphate).
The amino acids comprise lysine, histidine and arginine in a mass ratio of 1:1:3. Selenomethionine and seleno-L-cysteine with the selenium source mass ratio of 1:5.
The microelements comprise iron (ferrous sulfate), zinc (zinc sulfate), boron (borax) and manganese (manganese sulfate) with the mass ratio of 1:0.6:1:0.5.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, which comprises the following steps:
Adding water (the water addition amount is 10 times of the mass of the amino acid) into the amino acid and selenium source according to a formula at 50 ℃ to uniformly mix, regulating the pH value to 7.3 to obtain solution 1, adding water (the water addition amount is 6 times of the mass of the anionic surfactant) into the anionic surfactant at 70 ℃ to uniformly mix, regulating the pH value to 6.7 to obtain solution 2, dropwise adding the solution 1 into the solution 2 while the solution is hot, stirring at the speed of 60 ℃ and 30r/min for 10min after the solution is dropwise added to obtain a mixed solution, spray-drying the mixed solution (the spray pressure is 0.8MPa, the feed speed is 0.9L/h and the air inlet temperature is 130 ℃) to obtain powder 1, uniformly mixing other raw materials in the foliar fertilizer formula, freeze-drying (-30 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 20 Pa) to obtain powder 2, and uniformly mixing the powder 1 and the powder 2 to obtain the selenium foliar fertilizer powder.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer does not contain sinigrin.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the myrosinin in the foliar fertilizer is replaced with lauryl glucoside.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the myrosinin in the foliar fertilizer was replaced with potassium sulfate.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer does not contain disodium tocopheryl phosphate.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 2 is that the preparation method of the selenium amino acid foliar fertilizer powder comprises the steps of taking all raw materials according to a formula, uniformly mixing, and freeze-drying (-30 ℃ and 20Pa vacuum degree) to obtain the selenium amino acid foliar fertilizer powder.
Comparative example 6
The difference between this comparative example and example 2 is that in the preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, the solution 2 does not adjust the pH, and the preparation steps of the solution 2 are as follows:
at 50 ℃, adding water into the anionic surfactant, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution 2.
Comparative example 7
The difference between this comparative example and example 2 is that in the preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, the solution 1 does not adjust the pH, and the preparation steps of the solution 1 are as follows:
At 40 ℃, adding water into the amino acid and selenium source according to the formula, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution 1.
Comparative example 8
The difference between the comparative example and the example 2 is that in the preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, the preparation steps of the solution 1 and the solution 2 are as follows:
Adding water into amino acid and selenium source according to the formula at 40 ℃ to mix uniformly, regulating the pH value to 6.0 to obtain solution 1, adding water into anionic surfactant at 50 ℃ to mix uniformly, and regulating the pH value to 5.0 to obtain solution 2.
Comparative example 9
The difference between the comparative example and the example 2 is that in the preparation method of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer powder, the preparation steps of the solution 1 and the solution 2 are as follows:
Adding water into amino acid and selenium source according to the formula at 40 ℃ to mix uniformly, regulating the pH value to 8.0 to obtain solution 1, adding water into anionic surfactant at 50 ℃ to mix uniformly, and regulating the pH value to 7.5 to obtain solution 2.
1. Quality detection of foliar fertilizer of the invention
The quality detection of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 1 to 6 of the invention is carried out with reference to the requirements of NY 1429-2010 'amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer', and the results are shown in the following Table 1.
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the water insoluble matter and the harmful element content of the selenium amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the invention meet the requirements of NY 1429-2010.
2. Rice field test
The test method is that the paddy field is transplanted early, the base fertilizer (compound fertilizer, N: P 2O5：K2 O=18:9:11) is applied after the paddy field is transplanted, the application amount is 50 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer is applied on a full-layer basis at one time. 15 groups of test treatments (respectively applying the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizers prepared in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-9) are combined, and the foliar fertilizers are respectively sprayed in the conventional mode in the seedling raising period and the heading period of rice by taking the same amount of clear water as a blank control group, wherein the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizers in the seedling raising period is 300 times as that of the foliar fertilizers in examples 1 and comparative examples 1-3:70 g/mu, the dilution ratio is 300 times as that of the foliar fertilizers in examples 2-6 and comparative examples 4-9:31 g/mu, and the foliar fertilizer powder is diluted again after being dissolved by 1.2 times of water, and the dilution ratio is 300 times. The spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer in the heading period is that the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in an amount of 400 times for example 1 and comparative example 1-3:120 g/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in an amount of 400 times for example 2-6 and comparative example 4-9:54 g/mu, and the foliar fertilizer is diluted after the powder is dissolved in 1.2 times of water, and the dilution is 400 times. The test procedure was conducted for conventional field management.
After the rice was ripe, the yield of rice was counted and the selenium content of brown rice in rice was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, after the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 1-6 of the invention is applied to paddy rice planting, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the yield is increased from 1240 jin/mu to 1356-1408 jin/mu, the yield increasing rate is 8.80% -13.58%, the total selenium content of brown rice is increased from 28.9 mu g/kg to 225.6 mu g/kg, and the organic selenium content of brown rice is increased from 17.3 mu g/kg to 221.1 mu g/kg. Especially, the yield increasing effects of examples 2, 5 and 6 are good, the yield increasing rate is up to 13.42-13.58%, the total selenium content of the brown rice is up to 215.5-225.6 mug/kg, the organic selenium content of the brown rice is up to 211.2-221.1 mug/kg, and the brown rice shows good fertilizer efficiency.
3. Influence of the foliar fertilizer spray of the invention on the air holes of the blade
In the field test, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rice in the heading period, after 1h, the whole rice leaves are taken, temporary mounting sheets are manufactured according to the conventional method respectively, and the pore opening condition of the leaves of different test groups is observed under a microscope, and the results are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As shown in Table 3, compared with the comparative examples 1-3 and the blank control group, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention can effectively improve the open condition of plant leaf stomata, and is beneficial to better absorbing nutrition components of rice leaves.
4. Adhesion of the foliar fertilizer of the invention to leaves
Taking complete leaves of rice in a growing period in a field test, avoiding the edges of a test field by using a five-point sampling method, respectively taking 20 leaves of the rice in each group of treatment, taking twelve groups of tests (examples 1-6 and comparative examples 4-9), flushing each group of rice leaves with deionized water, absorbing surface moisture, uniformly spraying the amino acid selenium leaf fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-6 and comparative examples 4-9 on the leaves, spraying the amino acid selenium leaf fertilizer to just moistened leaves without liquid drop flow, and recording the spraying amount of the leaf fertilizer of each group of leaves. The rice leaves sprayed with the foliar fertilizer are placed in a 40 ℃ incubator for air drying (simulating the outdoor temperature in summer), then 20mL of deionized water is uniformly sprayed on the leaves for simulating rainwater, the nitrogen concentration and the selenium concentration in the solution are measured after the flushed liquid is digested, the nitrogen retention rate and the selenium retention rate of each group of foliar fertilizer after the rice leaves are sprayed can be calculated through the concentration and the foliar fertilizer spraying amount, and the adhesiveness of the foliar fertilizer can be reflected, and the results are shown in the following table 4.
Nitrogen or selenium retention (%) =100% × (foliar fertilizer spray amount of individual rice leaf×nitrogen or selenium concentration in foliar fertilizer formulation-simulated rain wash amount×nitrogen or selenium concentration in rain wash)/(foliar fertilizer spray amount of individual rice leaf×nitrogen or selenium concentration in foliar fertilizer formulation).
TABLE 4 Table 4
As shown in Table 4, compared with the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer of example 1, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 2 to 6 of the invention has improved nitrogen and selenium retention rates after being sprayed on rice leaves, which are respectively in the ranges of 75.3 to 88.7% and 78.8 to 91.3%. In particular, the foliar fertilizers of examples 2,4 and 5 have better adhesion, the nitrogen retention rate is up to 88.3-88.7%, the selenium retention rate is up to 90.8-91.3%, and the foliar fertilizers have better adhesion performance.
Compared with example 2, comparative examples 4-9 respectively changed the preparation process of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer, and as a result, both nitrogen and selenium retention rates were reduced.
5. Absorption rate of foliar fertilizer on leaves of the invention
1. Nitrogen absorption rate at different times under the same illumination condition
Taking nitrogen nutrient elements as an example, referring to the above adhesion measurement method, selecting rice in a field test before spraying foliar fertilizer in the heading stage, using a five-point sampling method, avoiding the edge of a test field, respectively selecting 20 plants of single plant rice in each group of treatment, taking eight groups of tests (examples 1,2 and comparative examples 4-9), flushing each group of rice with deionized water, absorbing water on the surface of the leaf, uniformly spraying the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 4-9 on the leaf of the rice (the illumination condition is kept consistent, namely 16:00 pm on the same day), spraying the foliar fertilizer to just wet the leaf without dropping, and recording the foliar fertilizer spraying amount of each group of rice. And respectively taking each group of rice leaves at different time after spraying, placing the rice leaves into ultrasonic cleaning, measuring the nitrogen concentration in the cleaning liquid, and calculating the nitrogen absorption rate of the rice leaves at different time after spraying the foliar fertilizer according to the concentration and the foliar fertilizer spraying amount. The results are shown in Table 5.
Nitrogen absorption rate (%) =100% × (foliar fertilizer spray amount of individual rice leaf×nitrogen concentration in foliar fertilizer formulation-amount of ultrasonic cleaning liquid×nitrogen concentration in ultrasonic cleaning liquid)/(foliar fertilizer spray amount of individual rice leaf×nitrogen concentration in foliar fertilizer formulation).
TABLE 5
As shown in Table 5, compared with the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer of example 1, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the invention has a nitrogen absorption rate of 95% after being sprayed on rice leaves for 5 hours, a nitrogen absorption rate of 98% after 12 hours, and a faster foliar fertilizer absorption rate is shown.
Comparative examples 4 to 9 respectively changed the preparation process of the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer compared with example 2, and as a result, the nitrogen absorption rate at different times was reduced.
2. Nitrogen absorption rate at the same time under different illumination conditions
Before spraying foliar fertilizer in the heading period, selecting rice in a field test, avoiding the edge of a test field by using a five-point sampling method, respectively selecting 20 single rice plants for each group of treatment, taking five groups of tests (examples 1-4 and comparative example 4), flushing each group with deionized water, sucking the surface moisture of the leaf, uniformly spraying the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative example 4 on the leaf of the rice under different illumination conditions (10:00 am, 12:00 pm, 14:00 pm and 17:00 pm in a sunny day), and spraying the foliar fertilizer sprayed to just wet the leaf without dropping down, and recording the foliar fertilizer spraying amount of each group of rice. And taking each group of rice leaves 5 hours after spraying, placing the rice leaves into ultrasonic cleaning, measuring the nitrogen concentration in the cleaning liquid, and calculating the nitrogen absorption rate of the rice leaves after spraying the foliar fertilizer under different illumination according to the nitrogen concentration and the foliar fertilizer spraying amount, wherein the result is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer of example 1, the amino acid selenium foliar fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present invention has a stable nitrogen absorption rate after being sprayed on rice leaves under different illumination conditions, and the variation range is not large, which indicates that the foliar fertilizer of example 2 has a wider application range for illumination conditions.
Compared with example 2, the foliar fertilizer of comparative example 4 does not contain disodium tocopheryl phosphate, and the variation range of nitrogen absorption rate under different illumination conditions is increased.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but may be modified or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by other technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| CN115032253A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-09 | 北京理工大学 | Efficient electropolymerization L-arginine modified electrode and method for improving performance of microbial electrochemical system |
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