CN119921111A - Phased array antennas, electronic equipment and communication base stations - Google Patents
Phased array antennas, electronic equipment and communication base stations Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请的实施例提供一种相控阵天线、电子设备及通信基站，旨在提高相控阵天线的通信性能。本申请提供的相控阵天线、电子设备及通信基站，天线阵面单元包括多个天线子阵，数字波束形成单元包括多个转换组，每个转换组包括多个转换器，每一个转换组中均有一个转换器与天线阵面单元中的一个天线子阵相对应，各个转换组中与此天线子阵对应的转换器均通过移相单元与此天线子阵连接，使一个天线子阵与多个转换器连接，而每一天线子阵包括多个辐射体，增加了天线子阵中的多个辐射体在同一覆盖范围内产生的波束数量，进而提高相控阵天线的通信性能。
The embodiments of the present application provide a phased array antenna, an electronic device, and a communication base station, aiming to improve the communication performance of the phased array antenna. The phased array antenna, the electronic device, and the communication base station provided by the present application, the antenna array unit includes a plurality of antenna subarrays, the digital beam forming unit includes a plurality of conversion groups, each conversion group includes a plurality of converters, each conversion group has a converter corresponding to an antenna subarray in the antenna array unit, and the converters corresponding to the antenna subarray in each conversion group are connected to the antenna subarray through a phase shifting unit, so that one antenna subarray is connected to a plurality of converters, and each antenna subarray includes a plurality of radiators, which increases the number of beams generated by the plurality of radiators in the antenna subarray within the same coverage range, thereby improving the communication performance of the phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a phased array antenna, electronic equipment and a communication base station.
Background
The hybrid multi-beam structure has a plurality of antenna units, wherein the plurality of antenna units form a subarray, the number of subarrays is smaller than that of the antenna units, and each subarray is connected with an ADC (Analog-Digital Converter, analog-to-Digital Converter)/DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), and the ADC/DAC controls the subarray to generate a beam, and the coverage area of the beam can be communicated. However, each sub-array generates one beam, resulting in insufficient communication performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a phased array antenna, electronic equipment and a communication base station, aiming at improving the communication performance of the phased array antenna.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a phased array antenna, including an antenna array plane unit, a digital beam forming unit, and a phase shifting unit, where the antenna array plane unit includes a plurality of antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray includes a plurality of radiators, the digital beam forming unit includes a plurality of conversion groups, each conversion group includes a plurality of converters, and each radiator in each antenna subarray is connected with a same converter in each conversion group through the phase shifting unit.
The phased array antenna provided by the application has the advantages that the antenna array surface unit comprises a plurality of antenna subarrays, the digital beam forming unit comprises a plurality of conversion groups, each conversion group comprises a plurality of converters, one converter in each conversion group corresponds to one antenna subarray in the antenna array surface unit, and the converters corresponding to the antenna subarrays in each conversion group are connected with the antenna subarrays through the phase shifting units, so that one antenna subarray is connected with the plurality of converters, each antenna subarray comprises a plurality of radiators, the number of beams generated by the plurality of radiators in the antenna subarrays in the same coverage area is increased, and the communication performance of the phased array antenna is further improved.
In the embodiment of the application, the phase shifting unit comprises a plurality of phase shifting groups, each phase shifting group comprises a plurality of phase shifting sub-units, each phase shifting group corresponds to one antenna subarray, each phase shifting sub-unit in each phase shifting group is connected with each radiator in the corresponding antenna subarray, each phase shifting group corresponds to the same converter in each conversion group, and each phase shifting sub-unit is connected with the converter in at least one conversion group.
Through the arrangement, the same phase-shifting group can be connected with a plurality of converters, so that the antenna subarrays connected with the phase-shifting group can form a plurality of beams so as to increase the number of the beams in the coverage area of the antenna subarrays, and meanwhile, the phase-shifting subunit in each phase-shifting group can be adjusted so as to change the direction of forming the beams by the radiation body in the antenna subarrays corresponding to each phase-shifting group, thereby realizing the coverage area of each antenna subarray in a pieced mode and further increasing the coverage area of the phased array antenna.
In the embodiment of the application, the output end of each phase-shifting subunit in the same phase-shifting group is connected with one radiator in the corresponding antenna subarray through an amplifier.
Through the arrangement, after the signals subjected to amplitude modulation by the phase shifting subunit are transmitted to the amplifier, the amplifier amplifies the signals and radiates the signals through the antenna to generate beams.
In the embodiment of the application, the phased array antenna comprises a substrate, and the antenna array surface unit, the digital beam forming unit and the phase shifting unit are all arranged on the substrate and are packaged together so as to reduce the volume of the phased array antenna.
In the embodiment of the application, a plurality of phase shifting sub-units in each phase shifting group are arranged on a substrate in a stacked manner.
Through the arrangement, the phase shifting sub-units which are arranged in a stacked mode can reduce the occupied area of the phase shifting group, so that the compactness of the phase shifting unit is improved, and the volume of the phased array antenna is reduced.
In the embodiment of the application, the antenna array unit, the digital beam forming unit and the phase shifting unit are all arranged on the substrate in a stacked manner. To reduce the volume of the phased array antenna.
In the embodiment of the application, the phased array antenna further comprises a circuit board, and the antenna array surface unit, the digital beam forming unit and the phase shifting unit are all arranged on the circuit board.
Through the arrangement, the antenna array surface unit, the digital beam forming unit and the phase shifting unit can be connected through the circuit on the circuit board, so that the electric wires for connection among the antenna array surface unit, the digital beam forming unit and the phase shifting unit are replaced, and the volume of the phased array antenna can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the application, a plurality of connectors are arranged on the circuit board, and each phase shifting subunit is detachably connected with one connector.
Through the arrangement, the number of the phase shifting sub-units can be increased or reduced through the detachable connection between the phase shifting sub-units and the connector.
In an embodiment of the present application, the phase shifting subunit includes transmission lines, and at least two transmission lines in each phase shifting group have different electrical lengths, so that at least two radiators in the corresponding antenna subarray have a predetermined phase difference therebetween.
The phase shift effect is realized through the difference of the electric lengths between the transmission lines, so that the wave beams generated by the corresponding radiators have phase differences, and the pointing direction of the wave beams is adjusted.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment, which comprises a shell and the phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna is arranged in the shell.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a communication base station, which comprises a radio frequency unit and the phased array antenna, wherein the radio frequency unit is connected with the phased array antenna.
It can be appreciated that, the beneficial effects of the electronic device and the communication base station provided in the foregoing embodiments of the present application may refer to the beneficial effects of the phased array antenna described above, and are not described herein.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in some embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only drawings of some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, the drawings in the following description may be regarded as schematic diagrams, not limiting the actual size of the product, the actual flow of the method, the actual timing of the signals, etc. according to the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication base station transmitting information in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of satellite transmission information according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the evolution process of satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of connection of an array-side analog multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an array-plane-simulated multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection of a fully-connected analog multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of connection of an all-digital multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a digital channel of an all-digital multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid multi-beam architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of connection of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating connection between a phase shifting subunit and a radiator according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 12 is an isometric view of a phased array antenna in an example embodiment of the application.
The reference numerals indicate 1, phased array antenna, 2, radiator, 3, amplifier, 4, phase shifter, 5, antenna sub-array, 6, antenna array unit, 7, converter, 8, DSP, 9, power splitter, 10, digital beam forming unit, 11, phase shift unit, 12, conversion group, 13, first antenna sub-array, 14, second antenna sub-array, 15, first conversion group, 16, second conversion group, 17, first converter, 18, second converter, 19, third converter, 20, fourth converter, 21, phase shift group, 22, first phase shift group, 23, second phase shift group, 24, phase shift sub-unit, 25, input end, 26, output end, 27, first chip, 28, second chip, 29, third chip, 30, fourth chip, 31, first layer, 32, second layer, 33, third layer, 34, fourth layer, 35, first transmission line, 36, second transmission line, 37, first intermediate layer, 38, first intermediate layer, 39, second intermediate layer, 40, third transmission line, third intermediate layer, 40, second intermediate layer, third transmission line, fourth intermediate layer, 45, third intermediate layer, fourth transmission line, fourth intermediate layer, 45, fourth transmission line, third intermediate layer, fourth intermediate layer, 45, fourth transmission line, fourth intermediate layer, and fourth transmission line, 45, fourth intermediate layer, and fourth communication area, 48, and fourth intermediate communication area, and 45.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, a communication base station 48 is provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the communication base station may include a BBU (Building Baseband Unit, an indoor baseband processing unit), an RRU (Radio Remote Unit, a remote radio unit (referred to as a radio unit in the embodiment of the present application)), and a phased array antenna, one end of the radio unit is connected to the indoor baseband processing unit, and the other end of the radio unit is connected to the phased array antenna. The indoor baseband processing unit is used for finishing channel encoding and decoding, modulation and demodulation of baseband signals and protocol processing, and comprises a phased array antenna used for receiving and transmitting signals, and the radio frequency unit is used for transmitting the control instructions to the phased array antenna and transmitting signals received by the phased array antenna to the indoor baseband processing unit. The phased array antenna of the embodiment of the application is understood to be matched with an indoor baseband processing unit for use, and transmits radio frequency signals sent by the indoor baseband processing unit into the air in a wireless signal mode. It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, information interaction (including antenna control instruction, transmission operation result, etc.) between the indoor baseband processing unit and the phased array antenna is performed through the radio frequency cable, so that the antenna control instruction sent by the indoor baseband processing unit to the phased array antenna and the operation result sent by the phased array antenna to the indoor baseband processing unit are radio frequency signals. The phased array antenna may transmit the antenna control instructions by way of a preset wireless network including, but not limited to GSM, SCDMA, LTE, CDMA and the internet of things such as the cellular network based narrowband internet of things (Narrow Band Internet of Things, NBIOT), and the like.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment, which can comprise a shell and a phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna is arranged in the shell. The electronic device may also include a controller also disposed within the housing, and the controller is electrically connected to the phased array antenna. Wherein the electronic device may comprise a wireless router or a mobile phone or the like. In implementations where the electronic device includes a wireless router, the phased array antenna may include a WIFI (WIreless-Fidelity) antenna, and in implementations where the electronic device includes a mobile phone, the phased array antenna may include a main set antenna or a diversity antenna or both, where the main set antenna is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals and the diversity antenna is responsible for receiving signals only and not transmitting signals. In the implementation mode that the phased array antenna simultaneously comprises the main set antenna and the diversity antenna, signals received by the main set antenna and signals received by the diversity antenna can be combined, so that the receiving effect of the phased array antenna is improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the related art, the phased array antenna may also be used for the low-orbit satellite 51, and the low-orbit satellite 51 may implement wireless data communication of aircrafts, ships, fixed base stations, and the like in the coverage area thereof, while the wireless data communication technology has LTE (Long Term Evolution ) standard and 5G (Fifth Generation mobile communication) terrestrial wireless network, but a large area of the world still has no communication network coverage, so as to create an air-to-ground integrated wireless communication system. Referring to fig. 3 (from left to right), the local on-demand service is gradually developed from the initial wide-beam and static scheduling to the narrow-beam and dynamic scheduling to realize high-rate transmission until the ultra-narrow-beam and multi-beam cooperation is developed to ensure the dynamic on-demand service and the high-throughput data volume, so as to increase the coverage of the wireless data communication of the low-orbit satellite 51, and the coverage of the wireless data communication of the low-orbit satellite 51 can be adjusted according to the requirement to improve the efficiency of the wireless data communication of the low-orbit satellite 51, so that higher requirements are put forward on the array scale, the number of beams and the dynamic scheduling capability of the satellite-borne phased array antenna.
In the related art, a phased array antenna may have an analog multi-beam architecture, an all-digital multi-beam architecture, and a hybrid multi-beam architecture.
In the simulated multi-beam architecture, please refer to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the simulated multi-beam architecture. Fig. 5 is a phased array antenna with an analog multi-beam architecture. The phased array antenna 1 may include a radiator 2, an Amplifier 3, and a phase shifter 4, wherein the Amplifier 3 may include a low noise Amplifier (Low Noise Amplifier, LNA), a Power Amplifier (PA). In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, one PA (amplifier 3 on the right side of the phase shifter 4) is correspondingly connected to one phase shifter 4, one phase shifter 4 is correspondingly connected to one LNA (amplifier 3 on the left side of the phase shifter 4), one LNA is correspondingly connected to one radiator 2, the plurality of radiators 2 form one antenna subarray 5, the plurality of beams generated by the plurality of radiators 2 interfere with each other to form one analog beam, the antenna subarray 5 may be formed with a plurality of antenna subarrays, the plurality of antenna subarrays 5 are spliced to form an antenna array unit 6, and the antenna array unit 6 may form a plurality of analog beams. Illustratively, 4 radiators 2 form one antenna subarray 5, and 4 antenna subarrays 5 form an antenna array panel unit 6. However, in the case where the required number of beams increases, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, since each antenna subarray 5 can form only one analog beam in the above embodiment, an increase in the number of beams results in an increase in the number of antenna subarrays 5, which in turn increases the area of the antenna array surface unit 6, and is disadvantageous for the installation design of the phased array antenna 1.
Referring to fig. 6, in another embodiment, the analog multi-beam architecture may include a plurality of radio frequency links RF (as shown in fig. 6, a plurality of radio frequency links are sequentially arranged from top to bottom), each radio frequency link may be connected to a plurality of phase shifters 4 (as shown in fig. 6, a plurality of phase shifters 4 connected to the same radio frequency link are sequentially arranged from top to bottom), while the analog multi-beam architecture may further include a plurality of radiators 2 (as shown in fig. 6, a plurality of radiators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom), a PA (first amplifier 3 on the right of the phase shifters 4) is correspondingly connected to one phase shifter 4, one LNA (second amplifier 3 on the right of the phase shifters 4) is correspondingly connected to one radiator 2, a first phase shifter 4 connected to each radio frequency link is connected to a first radiator 2 (from top first radiator 2), a second radiator 4 connected to each radio frequency link is connected to a second radiator 2 (from top second radiator 4) is correspondingly arranged from top to bottom), and the number of phase shifters 4 is increased by the number of phase shifters 4, and the number of antenna elements are all the antenna elements are formed between the antenna elements 2 and the antenna elements 2 are all connected to the antenna elements 2 in a full-wave beam forming area, the antenna is increased by the number of the antenna elements 2, but the complexity of the connection between the phase shifter 4 and the LNA increases with the number of beams.
Referring to fig. 7, in the all-digital multi-beam architecture, the phased array antenna 1 may include a radiator 2, an amplifier 3, a converter 7, and a DSP8 (DIGITAL SIGNAL processes, digital signal processor), the converter 7 may include an ADC and a DAC, and the amplifier 3 may include an LNA and a PA. The DSP8 is formed with a plurality of digital channels, each digital channel is correspondingly connected with one converter 7, each converter 7 is correspondingly connected with one amplifier 3, and each amplifier 3 is correspondingly connected with one radiator 2, so that beams generated by the radiator 2 under the all-digital multi-beam architecture can be processed in a digital domain, thereby being convenient for flexibly regulating and controlling the pointing direction of the beams and increasing the number of the beams.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in some embodiments, the DSP8 in the all-digital multi-beam architecture is formed with N A digital channels, and N A converters 7 are correspondingly connected to the DSP8, and the data amount converted by the converters 7 in the working state can be obtained by the formula Min [2×bw×n A,2*IBW*(NA ×n) ], where BW (Bandwidth) is the total Bandwidth of all the converters 7 in the working state, IBW is the Bandwidth of one converter 7 in the working state, and N is the number of generated beams. It can be understood that in the fully digital multi-beam architecture, if all the converters 7 are in the working state, the total amount of data converted by the converters 7 is 2×bw×n A, and if only N converters 7 are in the working state, N beams can be generated, where the total amount of data converted by the converters 7 is 2×ibw×n (N A ×n). In the related art, the system power consumption of the all-digital multi-beam architecture depends on the total data amount of the converters 7, and it can be known from the formula that, since the total data amount of the converters 7 is positively correlated with BW or IBW, when there is a limit requirement for the system power consumption, the system power consumption of the all-digital multi-beam architecture can be satisfied by reducing the total bandwidth of all the converters 7 or the bandwidth of a single converter 7.
Referring to fig. 9, in the hybrid multi-beam architecture, the phased array antenna 1 may include a radiator 2, an amplifier 3, a phase shifter 4 and a converter 7, where the amplifier 3 may include an LNA and a PA, the converter 7 may include an ADC and a DAC, one radiator 2 is correspondingly connected to one amplifier 3, one amplifier 3 is correspondingly connected to one phase shifter 4, multiple radiators 2 form one antenna subarray 5, multiple antenna subarrays 5 may be formed, the multiple antenna subarrays 5 are spliced to form an antenna array unit 6, and multiple amplifiers 3 corresponding to each antenna subarray 5 may be connected to one converter 7 through a power divider (Combiner) 9, so that the number of multiple radiators 2 and one converter 7 is reduced, the total bandwidth of all converters 7 is reduced, and further the system power consumption is reduced, and meanwhile, the beams generated by the radiators 2 may still be processed in the digital domain. However, as the number of transducers 7 is reduced, the number of beams in the same coverage area is also reduced, reducing the capacity density of the phased array antenna 1 during communication transmissions. As shown in fig. 9, the phased array antenna 1 in the drawing has 3 transducers 7 therein, and then 3 beams (solid line areas in the coverage area) can be generated in the coverage area (upper broken line area in fig. 9) of this phased array antenna 1.
Referring to fig. 10, the phased array antenna 1 provided by the present application may include an antenna array unit 6, a digital beam forming unit 10 and a phase shifting unit 11, where the antenna array unit 6 includes a plurality of antenna subarrays 5, each antenna subarray 5 includes a plurality of radiators 2, the digital beam forming unit 10 includes a plurality of conversion groups 12, each conversion group 12 includes a plurality of converters 7, the converters 7 may include an ADC and a DAC, and each radiator 2 in the same antenna subarray 5 is connected to the same converter 7 in each conversion group 12 through the phase shifting unit 11. Wherein the number of conversion groups 12 is equal to or less than the number of radiators 2 in one antenna subarray 5, and the number of converters 7 in each conversion group 12 is the same as the number of antenna subarrays 5 in the antenna array panel unit 6.
Illustratively, in fig. 10, the antenna array panel unit 6 includes 4 antenna sub-arrays 5, each antenna sub-array 5 includes 4 radiators 2, the digital beam forming unit 10 includes 2 switch groups 12, each switch group 12 includes 4 switches 7, each of the 4 antenna sub-arrays 5 includes a first antenna sub-array 13 and a second antenna sub-array 14, the digital beam forming unit 10 includes a first switch group 15 and a second switch group 16, the first switch group 15 includes a first switch 17 and a second switch 18, the second switch group 16 includes a third switch 19 and a fourth switch 20, wherein the first switch 17 and the third switch 19 correspond to the first antenna sub-array 13, the second switch 18 and the fourth switch 20 correspond to the second antenna sub-array 14, each switch 7 in the first switch group 15 can form a plurality of beams through all the radiators 2 in the antenna array panel unit 6, wherein the number of beams is the same as the number of switches 7 in the first switch group 15, and each switch 7 in the second switch group 16 can also increase the number of beam forming coverage areas through all the radiators 2 in the antenna array panel unit 6.
In some embodiments, the beam coverage area formed by the first switch group 15 may be shown as S1 in fig. 10, the beam coverage area formed by the second switch group 16 may be shown as S2 in fig. 10, and the phase shifting unit 11 may adjust S1 and S2, so that S1 and S2 are adjacent and spliced together, thereby implementing the coverage area of the phased array antenna 1 to expand in two-dimensional space.
The phased array antenna 1 provided by the application, the antenna array surface unit 6 comprises a plurality of antenna subarrays 5, the digital beam forming unit 10 comprises a plurality of conversion groups 12, each conversion group 12 comprises a plurality of converters 7, one converter 7 in each conversion group 12 corresponds to one antenna subarray 5 in the antenna array surface unit 6, and the converters 7 corresponding to the antenna subarrays 5 in each conversion group 12 are connected with the antenna subarrays 5 through the phase shifting unit 11, so that one antenna subarray 5 is connected with the plurality of converters 7, and each antenna subarray 5 comprises a plurality of radiators 2, so that the number of beams generated by the plurality of radiators 2 in the antenna subarrays 5 in the same coverage area is increased, and the communication performance of the phased array antenna 1 is further improved.
In some embodiments, the beams generated in the same coverage area may be in the same frequency band, so that the data transmission efficiency in the coverage area may be improved, and further, the communication performance of the phased array antenna 1 may be improved.
In other embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 10, the plurality of switch groups 12 forming the digital beam forming unit 10 may also have different frequency bands, the same antenna subarray 5 may be connected to a plurality of switches 7 having different frequency bands, the plurality of switches 7 having different frequency bands may form a plurality of beams having different frequency bands through the same antenna subarray 5, and when the beams point in the same direction, the plurality of different beams may be overlapped, so that the total data size of the digital beam forming unit 10 may not be increased due to the increase of the number of beams, and the increase of the power consumption of the phased array antenna caused by the increase of the number of beams is avoided. On the other hand, since different beams in the same coverage area are in different frequency bands, the coverage frequency band (for example, the frequency bands of 4G, 5G and 6G are simultaneously covered) of the phased array antenna 1 can be increased, so that the communication performance of the phased array antenna is improved.
Illustratively, in an implementation where the digital beam forming unit 10 includes a first transducer group 15 and a second transducer group 16, the first transducer group 15 includes a first transducer 17 and a second transducer 18, and the second transducer group 16 includes a third transducer 19 and a fourth transducer 20, the first transducer 17 and the second transducer 18 of the first transducer group 15 may have bandwidths of a first frequency, and the third transducer 19 and the fourth transducer 20 of the second transducer group 16 may have bandwidths of a second frequency, where the first frequency and the second frequency are not equal.
With continued reference to fig. 10, in the above implementation manner, the phase shift unit 11 may include a plurality of phase shift groups 21, where each phase shift group 21 includes a plurality of phase shift sub-units (not shown), each phase shift group 21 corresponds to one antenna subarray 5, each phase shift sub-unit in each phase shift group 21 is connected to each radiator 2 in the corresponding antenna subarray 5, each phase shift group 21 corresponds to the same transducer 7 in each transducer group 12, and each radiator 2 in each antenna subarray 5 is connected to the same transducer 7 in each transducer group 12 through each phase shift sub-unit in the phase shift group 21. Illustratively, in fig. 10, the phase shifting unit 11 includes 4 phase shifting groups 21,4, and the phase shifting groups 21 include a first phase shifting group 22 and a second phase shifting group 23, and in combination with the above embodiment, each radiator 2 in the first antenna subarray 13 may be connected to the first converter 17 and the third converter 19 through the first phase shifting group 22, and each radiator 2 in the second antenna subarray 14 may be connected to the second converter 18 and the fourth converter 20 through the second phase shifting group 23, where each phase shifting subunit is connected to the converters in the at least one conversion group 12.
Through the above arrangement, the same phase-shifting group 21 can be connected with a plurality of converters 7, so that the antenna subarrays 5 connected with the phase-shifting group 21 can form a plurality of beams to increase the number of beams within the coverage area of the antenna subarrays 5, and meanwhile, the phase-shifting sub-units in each phase-shifting group 21 can be adjusted to change the direction of forming the beams by the radiators 2 in the antenna subarrays 5 corresponding to each phase-shifting group 21, and the coverage area of each antenna subarray 5 can be spliced (as shown on the right side in fig. 10), thereby increasing the coverage area of the phased array antenna 1. In addition, the coverage area of each antenna subarray 5 may be made to cover the same area to improve the signal quality in a specific area, for example (as shown in fig. 1), a certain number of antenna subarrays 5 may be made to cover an office area 49 and a certain number of antenna subarrays 5 may be made to cover a residential area 50, and thus the signal quality in an area with high personnel density may be improved.
With continued reference to fig. 10, in the implementation manner in which the phase shift group 21 includes a plurality of phase shift sub-units, the plurality of phase shift sub-units in the same phase shift group 21 are connected to the plurality of radiators 2 in the corresponding antenna subarray 5, and the plurality of phase shift sub-units and the plurality of radiators 2 are connected in a full connection manner, that is, each phase shift sub-unit is connected to all the radiators 2 in the corresponding antenna subarray 5, and it may also be considered that each radiator 2 is connected to all the phase shift sub-units in the corresponding phase shift unit 11. When a plurality of phase shift sub-units in one phase shift group 21 are connected in a Fully connected manner, the phase shift group 21 may be referred to as FC-VAP (fusion connected-VAP).
The phase shifting sub-unit may comprise a phase shifter or Butler matrix (Butler) circuit, wherein the Butler matrix circuit is a beamformer circuit configured to feed the array antenna with a uniform distribution and constant phase difference between adjacent antenna elements. The butler matrix may be implemented using interconnected phase shifters and hybrid couplers. The butler matrix may be implemented in alternative aspects using fewer component types (e.g., using only hybrid couplers) or more component types (e.g., using phase shifters, hybrid couplers, and crossover circuits). To transmit RF signals on the array antenna, the modem may select one or more ports of the butler matrix such that the butler matrix receives one or more signals on those ports and generates output signals with different phases on opposite ports for transmission on a number of antenna elements coupled to the opposite ports. In addition, the butler matrix may provide a reciprocity (reciprocity) function for receiving radio frequency signals. For example, the butler matrix may receive radio frequency signals having different phases via a plurality of ports coupled to a plurality of antenna elements, and then phase shift and combine them to provide one or more signals for signal reception on one or more opposing ports selected by the modem. In an aspect, each antenna element of the array antenna may be coupled to one port of the butler matrix, e.g., via one or more low noise amplifiers (Low Noise Amplifier, LNAs), power Amplifiers (PAs), etc., to compensate for insertion loss. The phase shifters in the butler matrix may include active phase shifters (requiring a connection to a power source) or passive phase shifters (not requiring a connection to a power source).
In an implementation where the phase shifting sub-unit comprises a Butler matrix (Butler) circuit, the phase shifting sub-unit comprises transmission lines, the electrical lengths of at least two transmission lines within each phase shifting group being different such that there is a predetermined phase difference between at least two radiators 2 (as shown in fig. 10) in the corresponding antenna sub-array 5 (as shown in fig. 10). The phase shift effect is realized through the difference of the electric lengths between the transmission lines, so that the wave beams generated by the corresponding radiators have phase differences so as to fix the pointing direction of the wave beams.
Referring to fig. 11, in the embodiment of the present application, the phased array antenna may further include a substrate, where the antenna array plane unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10 (as shown in fig. 10), and the phase shifting unit 11 are all disposed on the substrate and packaged together.
In the above-described implementation, the antenna array plane unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10, and the phase shifting unit 11 are all provided on a substrate, and may be provided in layers on the substrate to reduce the volume of the phased array antenna 1. Wherein the phase shifting unit 11 is located between the antenna array plane unit 6 and the digital beam forming unit 10.
In the above implementation, the radiator 2 in the antenna array unit 6 is connected to the phase-shifting subunit 24 in the phase-shifting unit 11, where the phased array antenna 1 in the embodiment of the present application may further include an amplifier 3, where the amplifier 3 includes an LNA and a PA, the phase-shifting subunit 24 has an input 25 and an output 26, the input 25 of the phase-shifting subunit 24 is used for being connected to the converter 7 (as shown in fig. 10), and the output 26 of each phase-shifting subunit 24 in the same phase-shifting group 21 is connected to the amplifier 3 and connected to a corresponding radiator 2 in the antenna subarray 5 through the amplifier 3.
With the above arrangement, after the signal amplitude-modulated by the phase shift subunit 24 is transferred to the amplifier 3, the amplifier 3 amplifies the signal and radiates out through the radiator 2 to generate a beam.
With continued reference to fig. 11, in an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of phase shifting sub-units 24 within each phase shifting group 21 are arranged in a stack on a substrate. For example, each phase shift group 21 may include 4 phase shift subunits 24, the phase shift subunits 24 may be integrated into a chip, the 4 phase shift subunits 24 include a first chip 27, a second chip 28, a third chip 29, and a fourth chip 30 stacked together, where the first chip 27, the second chip 28, the third chip 29, and the fourth chip 30 each have an output terminal 26, the first chip 27 is located in a first layer 31, the second chip 28 is located in a second layer 32, the third chip 29 is located in a third layer 33, and the fourth chip 30 is located in a fourth layer 34; wherein the first layer 31 is provided with a first transmission line 35 connected with the output end of the first chip 27, the second layer 32 is provided with a second transmission line 36 connected with the output end of the second chip 28, a first intermediate layer 37 is arranged between the first layer 31 and the second layer 32, the first intermediate layer 37 is provided with a first intermediate transmission line 38, vertical electrical interconnection can be carried out between the first transmission line 35 and the first intermediate transmission line 38 through forming a through silicon via 52 (Through Silicon Via, TSV), vertical electrical interconnection can be carried out between the second transmission line 36 and the first intermediate transmission line 38 through forming a TSV52 so as to realize connection of the first chip 27 and the second chip 28, the third layer 33 is provided with a third transmission line 39 connected with the output end 26 of the third chip 29, the fourth layer 34 is provided with a fourth transmission line 40 connected with the output end 26 of the fourth chip 30, a second intermediate layer 41 is arranged between the third layer 33 and the fourth layer 34, the second intermediate layer 41 is provided with a second intermediate transmission line 42, vertical electrical interconnection can be carried out between the third transmission line 39 and the second intermediate transmission line 42 through forming a TSV52, vertical electrical interconnection can be carried out between the fourth transmission line 40 and the second intermediate transmission line 42 through forming a TSV52, a third intermediate layer 43 is arranged between the second layer 32 and the third layer 33, a third intermediate transmission line 44 is arranged between the third intermediate layer 43 and the third intermediate transmission line 44, vertical electrical interconnection can be performed between the first intermediate transmission line 38 and the third intermediate transmission line 44 by forming a TSV52, vertical electrical interconnection can be performed between the second intermediate transmission line 42 and the third intermediate transmission line 44 by forming a TSV52, so as to realize connection of the first chip 27, the second chip 28, the third chip 29 and the fourth chip 30, and the third intermediate transmission line 44 is used for connection with the radiator 2 in the antenna subarray 5.
With continued reference to fig. 11, in an implementation of phased array antenna 1 including amplifier 3, the amplifier is located at a zeroth layer 45, the zeroth layer 45 is located between the first layer 31 and the digital beam forming unit 10 (as shown in fig. 10), the third intermediate transmission line 44 and the input of the amplifier 3 may be vertically electrically interconnected by forming a TSV52, the radiator 2 may be located at a fifth layer 46, and the fifth layer 46 is located at a side of the phase shifting unit 11 away from the amplifier 3, and the output of the amplifier 3 and the radiator 2 may be vertically electrically interconnected by forming a TSV 52.
By the above arrangement, the phase shift sub-units 24 arranged in a stacked manner can reduce the occupied area of the phase shift group 21, thereby improving the compactness of the phase shift unit 11 and reducing the volume of the phased array antenna 1.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, in the above implementation manner, each of the first chip 27, the second chip 28, the third chip 29 and the fourth chip 30 has 4 input terminals 25, each input terminal 25 is used for being connected to a corresponding transducer 7 in the digital beam forming unit 10 (as shown in fig. 10), and in the embodiment in which 4 phase shifting subunits 24 are stacked on the substrate, the first chip, the second chip, the third chip and the fourth chip are stacked to form a fully connected chip 47, and then the fully connected chip 47 has 16 input terminals 25,16 and the input terminals 25 are sequentially spaced around the fully connected chip 47.
With continued reference to fig. 10, in some embodiments, a plurality of phase shifting sub-units 24 (as shown in fig. 11) in the same phase shifting group 21 may also be disposed at intervals on the same layer, and the output ends 26 of the plurality of phase shifting sub-units 24 in the same phase shifting group 21 may be combined by a transmission line to achieve full connection of the plurality of phase shifting sub-units.
In the embodiment of the present application, the phased array antenna 1 may further include a circuit board, and the antenna array plane unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10, and the phase shifting unit 11 are all disposed on the circuit board. The circuit board may include an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit, a flexible printed circuit board), a PCB (Printed Circuit Board, a printed circuit board), or the like. The circuit board is internally provided with a circuit, and in the above implementation, the connection among the antenna array surface unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10 and the phase shifting unit 11 may be connected through the circuit on the circuit board.
Through the above arrangement, the connections among the antenna array surface unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10 and the phase shifting unit 11 can be connected through the circuit on the circuit board, instead of the wires for connection among the antenna array surface unit 6, the digital beam forming unit 10 and the phase shifting unit 11, so that the volume of the phased array antenna 1 can be reduced.
In the above implementation, a plurality of connectors may be disposed on the circuit board, and each of the phase shift sub-units 24 in each of the phase shift groups 21 in the phase shift unit 11 may be detachably connected to one of the connectors. With the above arrangement, an increase or decrease in the number of phase shift subunits 24 can be achieved by a detachable connection between the phase shift subunits 24 and the connector.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected or integrally connected, mechanically connected or electrically connected, directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or communicating between two members. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified or some or all technical features may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311440074.2A CN119921111A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Phased array antennas, electronic equipment and communication base stations |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311440074.2A CN119921111A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Phased array antennas, electronic equipment and communication base stations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN119921111A true CN119921111A (en) | 2025-05-02 |
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| CN202311440074.2A Pending CN119921111A (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Phased array antennas, electronic equipment and communication base stations |
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| CN (1) | CN119921111A (en) |
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