CN110009738B - Indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of geographic space information systems, and provides an indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, which is used to provide model support for indoor fire emergency evacuation path planning. The present invention includes: a position data module, a semantic data module, and a fire parameter module. The position data module includes absolute position indoor position abstract classes and indoor position elements. The semantic data module includes entrances and exits, unit spaces, unit space boundaries, obstacles and fire-fighting facilities. The fire parameter module includes the fire parameters of the entrance and exit and the unit space, and the three modules are associated to construct a complete model. The invention fully considers the factors affecting emergency evacuation under fire conditions: building location information, building semantic element information and fire parameter information, and provides users with intelligent, safe and efficient fire constraint information, thereby minimizing the loss caused by fire .

Description

An Indoor 3D Expression Model for Fire Emergency Evacuation

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geographic space information systems, and mainly relates to an indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation.

Background technique

my country is a country with frequent occurrence of building fires. In the past 10 to 20 years, the fire situation has been relatively severe. Many major and extraordinarily large fires have occurred, causing serious casualties and property losses. The reason is that my country's economy is in a stage of rapid development, and modern large-scale and high-rise public buildings are constantly appearing, forming a construction boom. The probability of sexual accidents or disasters is high; the second is that the public's awareness of safety precautions is insufficient, and their knowledge of fire self-rescue is insufficient. From the statistical data of my country's fire situation, in the past 20 years or so, the number of fires and direct property losses in my country have continued to rise. In 2013 alone, there were 388,000 high-rise building fires, causing a total of 1,637 casualties and property losses of 7.1 billion. RMB. The severity of the fire situation has attracted widespread attention from the Chinese government and all walks of life. How to reduce building fire losses and ensure the safety of people's lives and properties has become a major topic that needs to be studied urgently.

In addition, when a fire occurs, personnel can only detect sensory information such as temperature and smoke concentration within a certain range around them, and cannot determine information such as the passage of the escape route, smoke spread, and poisonous gas concentration in the early stage of the fire. Determine the optimal escape route, miss the best escape opportunity, and cause unnecessary loss of personnel and property.

Among the traditional indoor 3D expression models (IndoorLoactionGML/IndoorGML/CityGML), CityGML, as the management model of urban 3D spatial information proposed by the Open Standards Consortium OGC, defines most of the geographical objects in the city, and defines the semantics, geometry, topology, and Appearance attributes have been described in detail, but models with geospatial attributes like CityGML pay more attention to the 3D visualization of cities. Firefighting training in the environment, rather than space services such as fire simulation analysis. IndoorGML is a set of national standards formulated by OGC for indoor space. It is a data model that describes the topological structure. It also proposes the concept of symbolic space for indoor navigation applications. It abstracts rooms into points and abstracts the passages between rooms. As edges, the indoor space of the building is abstracted into a topological network; however, IndoorGML’s abstract division and multiple associations of indoor space at the semantic level are often aimed at the static characteristics of the internal structural space of the building, and it is still difficult to establish the architectural space in the fire emergency evacuation process. The interaction process with dynamic behavior is limited to geometric space analysis such as "shortest path", etc., which is difficult to deal with the special environmental change characteristics when indoor fire occurs. IndoorLocationGML is a set of national standards drafted and formulated by my country in accordance with the rules given by GB/T1.1-2009, which defines the indoor multi-dimensional location information model required for indoor positioning and navigation, as well as the indoor multi-dimensional location information identification language; IndoorLocationGML includes It defines the location definition that CityGML and IndoorGML lack, and is suitable for the expression, storage, transmission, and distribution of indoor multi-dimensional location information, as well as the seamless integration application of indoor and outdoor location information. It is the publisher, manager, and application of indoor navigation and location services Providers and developers with reference and basis.

Therefore, an indoor three-dimensional representation model that fully considers geometry, topology, semantics, location, and architectural layout and fire conditions is crucial for fire emergency evacuation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose an indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, which is oriented to the application of fire emergency evacuation, takes into account the time and semantic characteristics of fire emergency, expands the traditional indoor three-dimensional expression model, and provides model support for indoor fire emergency evacuation path planning.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the present invention:

An indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, including: a position data module, a semantic data module, and a fire parameter module, characterized in that:

The location data module includes an abstract indoor location class and an indoor location element, wherein the abstract indoor location class is an abstract class inherited from the gml:AbstractFeatureType class, and as the base class of any other indoor location type, the time reference system, space The reference system and life cycle are associated with the indoor location object; the indoor location element is the root element of the location data module;

The semantic data module includes entrances and exits, unit spaces, unit space boundaries, obstacles and fire-fighting facilities; wherein, the entrance and exit elements and unit space elements are transformed into dual space points through Poincaré dual transformation, and the unit space boundary is dual transformed into dual space The edges of , respectively constitute the path node element and the road section element, together form the path element;

The fire parameter module includes fire parameters of entrances and exits and unit spaces, the fire parameters include _CO2 concentration, temperature, smoke layer height and CO concentration, and each fire parameter includes name, value, time and indoor location attributes;

The fire parameter model is associated with the life cycle and indoor location elements, the path point elements are constrained by the fire parameter module, and the road section elements are semantically constrained by obstacle elements and fire protection facility elements, which together constitute an indoor three-dimensional expression model.

Further, the indoor position element is aggregated from indoor absolute position and indoor relative position; the indoor absolute position includes a coordinate element; the indoor relative position element is identified by a geometric relative position and a semantic position, wherein, The geometric relative position is identified by the geometric relative position description information including orientation value and distance value attribute, the semantic position includes floor, function, name, room number and semantic description, and the semantic position description includes orientation description, distance relation, Order relationship, reference object and topological relationship properties.

Further, the entrances and exits include door objects and window objects in the building, respectively including name, type, accessibility and indoor location attributes, wherein the type attribute identifies whether the entrance and exit are fire doors and windows or anchor space doors and windows, and the accessibility attribute indicates Whether the doors and windows are passable;

The unit space includes a room and a passage, the room includes a name, an indoor location attribute, and the passage includes a name, an indoor location and a type attribute, wherein the type attribute includes a horizontal passage and a vertical passage, and the vertical passage includes stairs, vertical passages, etc. lifts and escalators;

The unit space boundary includes wall, ceiling and ground components, respectively including name, type, material, flammability, and indoor location attributes;

The obstacles are used to describe the obstacles in the indoor space, including name, size, flammability, and indoor location attributes;

The fire-fighting facilities include attributes of name, type and indoor location.

Further, the fire parameters are obtained by real-time input from sensors and by using a fire model to simulate the fire development process.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, which fully considers the factors affecting emergency evacuation under fire conditions, including building location information, building semantic element information and fire parameter information, Provide users with intelligent, safe and efficient fire restriction information, so as to minimize the loss caused by fire.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fire-oriented indoor three-dimensional expression model of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the semantic structure model of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

This embodiment provides an indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, as shown in Fig. Semantic information, and interrelated, jointly constrain the path nodes, providing a model basis for finding the optimal path for indoor emergency evacuation.

The modeling method of the above-mentioned indoor three-dimensional expression model oriented to fire emergency evacuation includes the following steps:

Step 1. For a given building, open the model file of the three-dimensional model of the building to obtain the basic elements of the building data model and generate the metadata of the building data model;

Step 2. Based on the indoor multi-dimensional location information model IndoorLocationGML, sort and express the collected data model metadata to generate a refined location data module;

Step 2.1 establishes an abstract indoor location class, which is the base class for all types of indoor locations, and associates the time reference system, spatial reference system and life cycle with the indoor location elements;

Step 2.2 establishes the indoor position element, which is composed of two elements: indoor absolute position and indoor relative position;

Step 2.3 establishes an indoor absolute position element to represent the absolute position of an indoor space, that is, includes a coordinate element to represent the geometric coordinates of the indoor position in a given coordinate reference system;

Step 2.4 The indoor relative position element is identified by a geometric relative position and a semantic position, wherein the geometric relative position is identified by the geometric relative position description information including orientation value and distance value attributes; the semantic position includes floor, function, name, room number and a semantic description, wherein the semantic position description includes five attributes: orientation description, distance relationship, order relationship, reference object and topological relationship;

Step 3, based on the semantic classification information analysis model of various types of components, construct a semantic data module to realize the extraction of component semantic information of the fire-oriented indoor three-dimensional expression model; as shown in Figure 2, the present invention divides the three-dimensional building model components into entrances and exits , unit space, unit space boundary, obstacles and fire-fighting facilities;

Step 3.1 Extract the entrance and exit components, including the door object and window object in the building. In addition to adding the indoor position attribute to identify it, add the name attribute identification to facilitate direct search; add the type attribute to identify whether the entrance and exit are fire doors and windows or anchor space doors and windows; add The accessibility attribute indicates whether the door and window are passable;

Step 3.2 extracts the unit space component, which is inherited from IndoorGML, and its semantics is divided into rooms and passages. The room is identified by name and indoor location; the type attribute of the passage is used to distinguish the stairs, vertical elevators and escalators under the horizontal passage and vertical passage types, so as to judge the accessibility of the passage when a fire occurs;

Step 3.3 The space boundary surface is also inherited from IndoorGML, which is used to represent wall, ceiling and ground components, including name, type, material, flammability, and indoor location attributes;

Step 3.4 Obstacles mainly describe obstacles that affect the rapid evacuation of personnel, so the obstacle parts are identified by adding size and flammability attributes, including name, size, flammability, and indoor location attributes;

Step 3.5 Firefighting facility components usually play a positive role in the safe evacuation of personnel, so consider the role of this part of the component and extract it in the building model, including name, type and indoor location attributes;

Step 4, determine the fire source information, obtain the relevant fire parameters of the waypoints, and write them into the fire parameter module; wherein, the waypoints are the nodes mapped by the Poincaré dual transformation of the unit space elements and the entrance and exit elements in the semantic data module;

The fire parameters mainly include _CO2 concentration, temperature, smoke layer height, and CO concentration; and the fire parameters are identified by name, value, time and indoor location attributes, where the name attribute stores the name of the key node being monitored;

Step 5. Associate the location data module, semantic data module, and fire parameter module to build a complete indoor 3D expression model for fire emergency evacuation. Through the three modules, the constraints on path points and path edges are jointly realized, and the fire emergency indoor evacuation path Planning provides model support; specifically:

The fire parameter model is associated with the life cycle and indoor location elements, representing the time and location of the fire;

The entrance and exit elements and unit space elements are transformed into points in the dual space through Poincaré duality, and the boundary of the unit space is dualized into the edges of the dual space, which constitute the path node elements and road section elements respectively, and together form the path elements in the semantic data module; The path point elements are constrained by the fire parameter module, and the road section elements are semantically constrained by the obstacle elements and fire protection facility elements, which jointly provide semantic constraints for users to find the optimal path in case of fire.

The specific process of the Poincaré dual transformation is as follows: in the building data module, a k-dimensional object in the N-dimensional space is transformed into a (N-k)-dimensional object in the dual space by using the Poincaré dual transformation, that is, in the corresponding In the dual space of , the three-dimensional unit space (such as a room) is converted into a zero-dimensional node, and the two-dimensional boundary surface between two unit spaces (such as a building’s internal walls, doors, etc.) is converted into a one-dimensional edge, that is, building data In the module, the entrances and exits and the unit space are transformed into points in the dual space through dual transformation, and the boundary of the unit space is transformed into the edge of the dual space through dual transformation, forming path nodes and road sections respectively to form the final path.

In summary, the present invention constructs a location data module, a semantic data module, and a fire parameter module through the data organization and management method of the three-dimensional model of the building, fully considers the element information that may affect emergency evacuation during a fire, and obtains an indoor emergency evacuation oriented to fire. The three-dimensional expression model solves the problem that people in the building cannot take into account multiple semantics, so it is difficult to escape safely, thus making intelligent, efficient and safe indoor three-dimensional fire emergency evacuation possible.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes; all the disclosed features, or All method or process steps may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (2)

1. An indoor three-dimensional expression model for fire emergency evacuation, comprising: position data module, semantic data module, fire parameter module, its characterized in that:

the location data module comprises an abstract indoor location class and an indoor location element, wherein the abstract indoor location class is used as a base class of any other indoor location type and associates a time reference system, a space reference system and a life cycle with an indoor location object; the indoor position element is formed by polymerizing an indoor absolute position element and an indoor relative position element; the indoor absolute position comprises a coordinate element; the indoor relative position element is identified by a geometric relative position and a semantic position, wherein the geometric relative position is identified by geometric relative position description information containing orientation values and distance value attributes, the semantic position comprises floors, functions, names, room numbers and semantic descriptions, and the semantic position description comprises orientation descriptions, distance relationships, sequence relationships, reference objects and topological relationship attributes;

the semantic data module comprises an entrance, an exit, a unit space boundary, a barrier and a fire fighting facility; wherein, the entrance element and the unit space element are converted into points of dual space through Poincare dual, the unit space boundary dual is the edge of the dual space, and a path node element and a road section element are respectively formed to jointly form a path element;

in the semantic data module, the entrance comprises an inner door object and a window object of a building, and the inner door object and the window object respectively comprise names, types, accessibility and indoor position attributes, wherein the type attributes identify whether the entrance is a fireproof door window or an anchor space door window, and the accessibility attributes represent whether the door window can pass through;

the unit space comprises rooms and channels, the rooms comprise names and indoor position attributes, the channels comprise names, indoor positions and type attributes, the type attributes comprise horizontal channels and vertical channels, and the vertical channels comprise stairs, vertical elevators and escalators;

the unit space boundary comprises a wall surface, a ceiling and a ground component, and the unit space boundary respectively comprises a name, a type, a material, flammability and indoor position attributes;

the barrier is used for describing an indoor space barrier and comprises a name, a size, flammability and indoor position attributes;

the fire-fighting equipment comprises a name, a type and indoor position attributes;

the fire parameter module comprises fire parameters of an inlet, an outlet and a unit space, and the fire parameters comprise CO ₂ Concentration, temperature, flue gas layer height and CO concentration, wherein each fire parameter comprises name, value, time and indoor position attribute;

the fire parameter model is associated with life cycle and indoor position elements, the path node elements are constrained by the fire parameter module, and the road section elements are semantically constrained by barrier elements and fire-fighting facility elements to jointly form an indoor three-dimensional expression model.

2. The fire emergency evacuation oriented indoor three-dimensional expression model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire parameters are obtained by real-time transmission through sensors and simulation of the fire development process by the fire model.

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