CN110058212A - Target and TOF camera demarcate integrated system - Google Patents
Target and TOF camera demarcate integrated system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种标靶和TOF相机标定集成系统,所述TOF相机标定集成系统,包括:全封闭测试箱体;位于所述全封闭测试箱体的一侧壁上标靶,所述标靶包括基板;位于所述基板表面的漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层;位于所述全封闭测试箱体内的夹承装置,所述夹承装置用于装夹TOF相机,所述TOF相机在预定位置获取所述标靶的深度信息;移动装置,所述夹承装置位于移动装置上,所述移动装置用于驱动所述夹承装置向着所述标靶方向或者远离所述标靶的方向直线移动,使得所述TOF相机位于所述标靶的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离。本发明的TOF相机标定集成系统提高了TOF相机校正的精度。
An integrated system for calibration of a target and a TOF camera, the integrated system for calibration of the TOF camera includes: a fully enclosed test box; a target located on one side wall of the fully enclosed test box, the target comprising a substrate; The diffuse reflection water-based material layer with the diffuse reflectivity ≥94% on the surface of the substrate; the clamping device located in the fully enclosed test box, the clamping device is used to clamp the TOF camera, and the TOF camera is in a predetermined The position obtains the depth information of the target; the mobile device, the clamping device is located on the mobile device, and the mobile device is used to drive the clamping device to the direction of the target or the direction away from the target in a straight line Move so that the TOF camera is located at a predetermined position in front of the target, and obtain the real-time distance between the TOF camera and the target. The TOF camera calibration integrated system of the present invention improves the accuracy of TOF camera calibration.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及TOF技术领域,尤其涉及一种标靶和TOF相机标定集成系统。The invention relates to the technical field of TOF, in particular to an integrated system for calibration of a target and a TOF camera.
背景技术Background technique
随着光学测量的发展,基于TOF(Time of Flight,飞行时间)技术的深度相机逐渐成熟,已经在三维测量、手势控制、机器人导航、安防和监控等领域开始应用。TOF深度相机的基本原理是TOF深度相机主动光源发射的调制光经空间目标反射后被TOF深度相机的传感器接收,通过计算光线发射和反射之间的时间差,最终获取TOF深度相机与空间目标的距离。由于光速是300000km/s,整个飞行时间的测量非常短,厘米级的距离分辨率要求系统具有30皮秒的时间测量精度。要求传感器上所有像素点在每秒几十次的测量过程中保持几十皮秒的时间测量精度具有难度,导致相机的距离测量误差达到几十厘米,因而对TOF深度相机在应用之前的校正显得尤为重要。With the development of optical measurement, depth cameras based on TOF (Time of Flight) technology have gradually matured and have been applied in the fields of 3D measurement, gesture control, robot navigation, security and monitoring. The basic principle of the TOF depth camera is that the modulated light emitted by the active light source of the TOF depth camera is reflected by the space target and then received by the sensor of the TOF depth camera. By calculating the time difference between light emission and reflection, the distance between the TOF depth camera and the space target is finally obtained. . Since the speed of light is 300,000 km/s, the entire time-of-flight measurement is very short, and centimeter-level range resolution requires the system to have a time measurement accuracy of 30 picoseconds. It is difficult to require all pixels on the sensor to maintain the time measurement accuracy of tens of picoseconds during the measurement process of dozens of times per second, resulting in the distance measurement error of the camera reaching tens of centimeters. Therefore, the correction of the TOF depth camera before application appears especially important.
现有的校正通常包括深度校正、视场平面校正等,但是现有的校正存在校正精度不高的问题。The existing correction usually includes depth correction, field of view plane correction, etc., but the existing correction has the problem of low correction accuracy.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明所要解决的技术问题是怎样提高TOF相机校正的精度。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the accuracy of TOF camera calibration.
本发明提供了一种用于TOF相机校正测试的标靶,包括:The present invention provides a target for TOF camera calibration test, comprising:
基板;substrate;
位于所述基板表面的漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层。A diffuse reflection water-based material layer with a diffuse reflectivity ≥94% on the surface of the substrate.
可选的,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层的材料为丙烯酸类共聚物和二氧化钛,密度为1.352g/cm3;所述基板为玻璃基板。Optionally, the materials of the diffuse reflection water-based material layer with the diffuse reflectance ≥94% are acrylic copolymer and titanium dioxide, and the density is 1.352 g/cm 3 ; the substrate is a glass substrate.
可选的,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层对红外光的反射率≥95%,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层的平面精度小于1毫米,厚度为0.5~0.8mm。Optionally, the diffuse reflection water-based material layer with diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% has a reflectivity of ≥ 95% to infrared light, and the diffuse reflection water-based material layer with diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% has a plane accuracy of less than 1 mm and a thickness of less than 1 mm. 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
本发明还提供了一种TOF相机标定集成系统,包括:The present invention also provides a TOF camera calibration integrated system, comprising:
全封闭测试箱体;Fully enclosed test box;
位于所述全封闭测试箱体的一侧壁上如前述所述的标靶;The target as described above is located on one side wall of the fully enclosed test box;
位于所述全封闭测试箱体内的夹承装置,所述夹承装置用于装夹TOF相机,所述TOF相机在预定位置获取所述标靶的深度信息;a clamping device located in the fully enclosed test box, the clamping device is used for clamping a TOF camera, and the TOF camera obtains the depth information of the target at a predetermined position;
移动装置,所述夹承装置位于移动装置上,所述移动装置用于驱动所述夹承装置向着所述标靶方向或者远离所述标靶的方向直线移动,使得所述TOF相机位于所述标靶的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离。A moving device, the clamping device is located on the moving device, and the moving device is used to drive the clamping device to move linearly toward the target or away from the target, so that the TOF camera is located in the The predetermined position in front of the target is obtained, and the real-time distance between the TOF camera and the target is obtained.
可选的,所述TOF相机包括镜头,所述夹承装置具有与所述标靶平行的承靠面,所述TOF相机装夹于所述夹承装置的承靠面上,使得所述镜头面向标靶。Optionally, the TOF camera includes a lens, the clamping device has a bearing surface parallel to the target, and the TOF camera is clamped on the bearing surface of the clamping device, so that the lens is Facing the target.
可选的,还包括旋转装置,所述旋转装置位于所述移动装置上,所述夹承装置位于所述旋转装置上,所述旋转装置用于驱动所述夹承装置在垂直于标靶表面的方向上旋转,调节所述承靠面与所述标靶之间的平行度。Optionally, it also includes a rotating device, the rotating device is located on the moving device, the clamping device is located on the rotating device, and the rotating device is used to drive the clamping device to be perpendicular to the target surface. Rotate in the direction to adjust the parallelism between the bearing surface and the target.
可选的,所述夹承装置上具有准直仪,所述准直仪用于判定夹承装置位于某一预定位置时,所述承靠面与所述标靶之间是否平行,当所述承靠面与所述标靶之间不平行时,所述旋转装置驱动所述夹承装置在垂直于标靶表面的方向上旋转,直至所述准直仪判定所述承靠面与所述标靶之间平行。Optionally, the clamping device is provided with a collimator, and the collimator is used to determine whether the bearing surface and the target are parallel when the clamping device is located at a predetermined position. When the bearing surface and the target are not parallel, the rotating device drives the clamping device to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the target surface, until the collimator determines that the bearing surface and the target are not parallel. parallel between the targets.
可选的,所述移动装置包括直线电机和位移传感器,所述位移传感器用于获取夹承装置的移动距离,所述移动装置根据位移传感器获得的夹承装置的移动距离获得夹承装置上的TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离。Optionally, the moving device includes a linear motor and a displacement sensor, the displacement sensor is used to obtain the moving distance of the clamping device, and the moving device obtains the moving distance of the clamping device according to the moving distance of the clamping device obtained by the displacement sensor. The real-time distance between the TOF camera and the target.
可选的,还包括:校正单元,所述校正单元根据所述TOF相机获取的所述深度信息与所述实时距离的差异,对所述TOF相机进行校正。Optionally, the method further includes: a correction unit, which corrects the TOF camera according to the difference between the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and the real-time distance.
可选的,还包括:所述校正包括暗噪声校正、灵敏度校正、视场平面校正、深度校正或温度校正。Optionally, it further includes: the correction includes dark noise correction, sensitivity correction, field of view plane correction, depth correction or temperature correction.
可选的,所述全封闭测试箱体侧壁上具有靶槽,所述标靶安装在靶槽内,所述全封闭测试箱体的侧壁为经过亚光黑处理的侧壁。Optionally, a target groove is provided on the side wall of the fully enclosed test box, the target is installed in the target groove, and the side wall of the fully enclosed test box is a side wall treated with matte black.
可选的,所述全封闭测试箱体的与具有标靶相对的侧壁上具有红外补光灯,所述红外补光灯用于在所述TOF相机获取标靶的深度信息时,对所述标靶进行照明。Optionally, an infrared fill light is provided on the side wall of the fully enclosed test box opposite to the target, and the infrared fill light is used to detect the depth information of the target when the TOF camera The target is illuminated.
可选的,所述预定距离为1米或小于1米,所述TOF相机的水平视角为120度,所述标靶的长度为3.5米,所述标靶的高度为1.5米。Optionally, the predetermined distance is 1 meter or less, the horizontal viewing angle of the TOF camera is 120 degrees, the length of the target is 3.5 meters, and the height of the target is 1.5 meters.
与现有技术相比,本发明技术方案具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明的用于TOF相机校正测试的标靶,所述基板表面形成的漫反射水性材料层202的漫反射率≥94%,在将本申请的标靶用于TOF相机校正测试的时,所述标靶对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率较高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度提升,进而使得测试获得的深度信息与实际距离的差异值的精度提升,根据所述差异值对TOF相机进行校正时,使得校正的精度相应的提升。In the target for the TOF camera calibration test of the present invention, the diffuse reflectance of the diffusely reflective aqueous material layer 202 formed on the surface of the substrate is ≥94%. When the target of the present application is used for the TOF camera calibration test, the The target has a high reflectivity to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera, which improves the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera, and further improves the accuracy of the difference between the depth information obtained by the test and the actual distance. When the TOF camera is corrected by the above difference value, the accuracy of the correction is correspondingly improved.
进一步,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202的材料产品组成为丙烯酸类共聚物和二氧化钛,密度为1.352g/cm3,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202对红外光(波长为850纳米或940nm)的反射率≥95%,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202的平面精度小于1毫米,厚度为0.5~0.8mm,使得所述标靶200对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率进一步提高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度进一步提升。Further, the material product of the diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 with diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% is composed of acrylic copolymer and titanium dioxide, the density is 1.352g/cm 3 , and the diffuse reflection water-based material with diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% The reflectivity of the layer 202 to infrared light (wavelength is 850 nm or 940 nm) is greater than or equal to 95%, and the diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 with a diffuse reflectivity greater than or equal to 94% has a plane accuracy of less than 1 mm and a thickness of 0.5 to 0.8 mm, so that The reflectivity of the target 200 to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera is further improved, so that the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is further improved.
本发明的TOF相机标定集成系统,包括:全封闭测试箱体;位于所述全封闭测试箱体的一侧壁上如前述所述的标靶;位于所述全封闭测试箱体内的夹承装置,所述夹承装置用于装夹TOF相机,所述TOF相机在预定位置获取所述标靶的深度信息;移动装置,所述夹承装置位于移动装置上,所述移动装置用于驱动所述夹承装置向着所述标靶方向或者远离所述标靶的方向直线移动,使得所述TOF相机位于所述标靶的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离。在进行TOF相机的校正时,采用全封闭测试箱体减少外部环境对校正过程的影响,并且采用前述所述标靶,标靶对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率较高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度提升,并且由于夹承装置与标靶的距离是通过移动装置控制,根据移动装置可以获得所述相机与所述标靶的精确的实时距离,因而本申请在进行TOF相机的校正时,获得深度信息和实际距离的精度均是提高的,使得深度信息与实际距离的差异值保持较高的精度,在根据该差异值对TOF相机进行校正时的精度提升。The TOF camera calibration integrated system of the present invention includes: a fully enclosed test box; a target as described above located on one side wall of the fully enclosed test box; a clamping device located in the fully enclosed test box , the clamping device is used to clamp the TOF camera, and the TOF camera obtains the depth information of the target at a predetermined position; the mobile device, the clamping device is located on the mobile device, and the mobile device is used to drive the The clamping device moves linearly in the direction of the target or away from the target, so that the TOF camera is located at a predetermined position in front of the target, and the real-time relationship between the TOF camera and the target is obtained. distance. When calibrating the TOF camera, a fully enclosed test box is used to reduce the influence of the external environment on the calibration process, and the aforementioned target is used, the target has a high reflectivity to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera, The accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is improved, and since the distance between the clamping device and the target is controlled by the mobile device, the precise real-time distance between the camera and the target can be obtained according to the mobile device. When calibrating the TOF camera, the accuracy of obtaining the depth information and the actual distance is improved, so that the difference between the depth information and the actual distance maintains a high accuracy, and the accuracy is improved when the TOF camera is corrected according to the difference value.
进一步,所述TOF相机标定集成系统,还包括:旋转装置,所述旋转装置位于所述移动装置上,所述夹承装置位于所述旋转装置上,所述旋转装置用于驱动所述夹承装置在垂直于标靶表面的方向上旋转,调节所述承靠面与所述标靶之间的平行度。所述夹承装置上还具有准直仪,所述准直仪用于判定夹承装置位于某一预定位置时,所述承靠面与所述标靶之间是否平行,当所述承靠面与所述标靶之间不平行时,所述旋转装置驱动所述夹承装置在垂直于标靶表面的方向上旋转,直至所述准直仪判定所述承靠面与所述标靶之间平行,由于TOF相机是安装在承靠面上,TOF相机(镜头)与承靠面保持平行,因而通过旋转装置和准直仪可以使得整个校正过程中,所述TOF相机与标靶始终保持平行,从而提高了TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度,进一步提高了校正的精度。Further, the TOF camera calibration integrated system further comprises: a rotating device, the rotating device is located on the moving device, the clamping device is located on the rotating device, and the rotating device is used to drive the clamping device The device rotates in a direction perpendicular to the target surface to adjust the parallelism between the bearing surface and the target. The clamping device also has a collimator, and the collimator is used to determine whether the bearing surface is parallel to the target when the clamping device is located at a predetermined position. When the surface and the target are not parallel, the rotating device drives the clamping device to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the target, until the collimator determines that the bearing surface and the target Parallel to each other, since the TOF camera is installed on the bearing surface, the TOF camera (lens) is kept parallel to the bearing surface, so the rotating device and the collimator can make the TOF camera and the target always remain in the whole calibration process. It is kept parallel, thereby improving the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and further improving the accuracy of the correction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例中用于TOF相机校正测试的标靶的结构示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a target used for a TOF camera calibration test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2-3为本发明另一实施例中TOF相机标定集成系统的结构示意图。2-3 are schematic structural diagrams of an integrated system for calibration of a TOF camera in another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如背景技术所言,现有的校正存在校正精度不高的问题。As mentioned in the background art, the existing calibration has the problem that the calibration accuracy is not high.
研究发现,现有对TOF相机进行校正时,通常采用白墙作为校正时的标靶,TOF相机获得白墙的深度信息,将TOF相机获得深度信息与TOF相机与白墙之间的实际距离进行比较,获得深度信息与实际距离的差异值,根据差异值对TOF相机进行校正,由于白墙的表面不平整并且反射率不高,使得TOF获得深度信息的精度有限,因而深度信息与实际距离的差异值的精度也有限,进而使得根据差异值对TOF相机进行校正时的精度也有限。The study found that when calibrating the TOF camera, the white wall is usually used as the target during calibration. The TOF camera obtains the depth information of the white wall, and the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is compared with the actual distance between the TOF camera and the white wall. Compare, obtain the difference value between the depth information and the actual distance, and correct the TOF camera according to the difference value. Because the surface of the white wall is not flat and the reflectivity is not high, the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF is limited, so the depth information and the actual distance The difference between the depth information and the actual distance is limited. The precision of the difference value is also limited, which in turn makes the accuracy of the correction of the TOF camera based on the difference value limited.
为此,本发明提供了一种用于TOF相机校正测试的标靶和TOF相机标定集成系统,所述TOF相机标定集成系统包括:全封闭测试箱体;位于所述全封闭测试箱体的一侧壁上如前述所述的标靶;位于所述全封闭测试箱体内的夹承装置,所述夹承装置用于装夹TOF相机,所述TOF相机在预定位置获取所述标靶的深度信息;移动装置,所述夹承装置位于移动装置上,所述移动装置用于驱动所述夹承装置向着所述标靶方向或者远离所述标靶的方向直线移动,使得所述TOF相机位于所述标靶的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离。在进行TOF相机的校正时,采用全封闭测试箱体减少外部环境对校正过程的影响,并且采用前述所述标靶,标靶对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率较高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度提升,并且由于夹承装置与标靶的距离是通过移动装置控制,根据移动装置可以获得所述相机与所述标靶的精确的实时距离,因而本申请在进行TOF相机的校正时,获得深度信息和实际距离的精度均是提高的,使得深度信息与实际距离的差异值保持较高的精度,在根据该差异值对TOF相机进行校正时的精度提升。To this end, the present invention provides a target for TOF camera calibration test and a TOF camera calibration integrated system, the TOF camera calibration integrated system includes: a fully enclosed test box; The target as described above on the side wall; the clamping device located in the fully enclosed test box, the clamping device is used to clamp the TOF camera, and the TOF camera obtains the depth of the target at a predetermined position Information; moving device, the clamping device is located on the moving device, and the moving device is used to drive the clamping device to move linearly toward the target direction or away from the target direction, so that the TOF camera is located at The predetermined position in front of the target is obtained, and the real-time distance between the TOF camera and the target is obtained. When calibrating the TOF camera, a fully enclosed test box is used to reduce the influence of the external environment on the calibration process, and the aforementioned target is used, the target has a high reflectivity to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera, The accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is improved, and since the distance between the clamping device and the target is controlled by the mobile device, the precise real-time distance between the camera and the target can be obtained according to the mobile device. When calibrating the TOF camera, the accuracy of obtaining the depth information and the actual distance is improved, so that the difference between the depth information and the actual distance maintains a high accuracy, and the accuracy is improved when the TOF camera is corrected according to the difference value.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在详述本发明实施例时,为便于说明,示意图会不依一般比例作局部放大,而且所述示意图只是示例,其在此不应限制本发明的保护范围。此外,在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the convenience of explanation, the schematic diagrams will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual production.
本发明一实施例提供了一种用于TOF相机校正测试的标靶,请参考图1,所述标靶200包括:An embodiment of the present invention provides a target for TOF camera calibration test, please refer to FIG. 1 , the target 200 includes:
基板201;substrate 201;
位于所述基板201表面的漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202。The diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 located on the surface of the substrate 201 with a diffuse reflectivity ≥94%.
在一实施例中,所述基板的201的为玻璃基板,玻璃基板本身的表面具有非常高的平坦度,并且,在玻璃基板201表面涂覆漫反射水性材料层,使得形成的漫反射材料层与玻璃基板201表面具有良好的粘附性,并且玻璃基板201上形成的漫反射水性材料层具有很高的厚度均匀性和表面平坦度,以及很高的漫反射率。在一具体的实施例中,玻璃基板采用15mm厚度的钢化玻璃,稳定性高,不易变形,可以满足TOF相机校正要求。In one embodiment, the substrate 201 is a glass substrate, the surface of the glass substrate itself has a very high flatness, and a diffuse reflection water-based material layer is coated on the surface of the glass substrate 201, so that the formed diffuse reflection material layer It has good adhesion with the surface of the glass substrate 201, and the diffuse reflection water-based material layer formed on the glass substrate 201 has high thickness uniformity, surface flatness, and high diffuse reflectivity. In a specific embodiment, the glass substrate is tempered glass with a thickness of 15 mm, which has high stability and is not easily deformed, and can meet the calibration requirements of the TOF camera.
所述玻璃基板201表面形成的漫反射水性材料层202的漫反射率≥94%,具体的,所述漫反射水性材料层202可以通过喷涂的方式形成在玻璃基板表面。在将本申请的标靶用于TOF相机校正测试的时,所述标靶200对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率较高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度提升,进而使得测试获得的深度信息与实际距离的差异值的精度提升,根据所述差异值对TOF相机进行校正时,使得校正的精度相应的提升。The diffuse reflectance of the diffuse reflection aqueous material layer 202 formed on the surface of the glass substrate 201 is greater than or equal to 94%. Specifically, the diffuse reflection aqueous material layer 202 may be formed on the surface of the glass substrate by spraying. When the target of the present application is used for the TOF camera calibration test, the reflectivity of the target 200 to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera is relatively high, so that the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is improved, and further The accuracy of the difference value between the depth information obtained by the test and the actual distance is improved, and when the TOF camera is corrected according to the difference value, the accuracy of the correction is correspondingly improved.
在一实施例中,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202的材料组成包括丙烯酸(酯)类共聚物和二氧化钛,密度为1.352g/cm3,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202对红外光(波长为850纳米或940nm)的反射率≥95%,所述漫反射率≥94%的漫反射水性材料层202的平面精度小于1毫米,厚度为0.5~0.8mm,使得所述标靶200对TOF相机发射的调制光(红外光)的反射率进一步提高,使得TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度进一步提升。In one embodiment, the material composition of the diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 with diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% includes acrylic (ester) copolymer and titanium dioxide, the density is 1.352g/cm 3 , and the diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94 % The reflectivity of the diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 to infrared light (wavelength is 850 nm or 940 nm) is ≥ 95%, and the plane accuracy of the diffuse reflection water-based material layer 202 with the diffuse reflectivity ≥ 94% is less than 1 mm, and the thickness is 0.5-0.8 mm, the reflectivity of the target 200 to the modulated light (infrared light) emitted by the TOF camera is further improved, and the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera is further improved.
本发明另一实施例中还提供了一种TOF相机标定集成系统,请参考图2和图3,图3为图2中沿平行于y轴的方向获得的部分结构的剖面示意图,包括:Another embodiment of the present invention also provides an integrated system for calibration of TOF cameras. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a partial structure obtained in a direction parallel to the y-axis in FIG. 2 , including:
全封闭测试箱体100;Fully enclosed test box 100;
位于所述全封闭测试箱体100的一侧壁上如前述所述的标靶200;The target 200 as described above is located on one side wall of the fully enclosed test box 100;
位于所述全封闭测试箱体100内的夹承装置130,所述夹承装置130用于装夹TOF相机140,所述TOF相机140在预定位置获取所述标靶200的深度信息;a clamping device 130 located in the fully enclosed test box 100, the clamping device 130 is used for clamping the TOF camera 140, and the TOF camera 140 obtains the depth information of the target 200 at a predetermined position;
移动装置120,所述夹承装置130位于移动装置120上,所述移动装置120用于驱动所述夹承装置130向着所述标靶200方向或者远离所述标靶200的方向直线移动,使得所述TOF相机140位于所述标靶200的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机140与所述标靶200的实时距离。The moving device 120, the clamping device 130 is located on the moving device 120, and the moving device 120 is used to drive the clamping device 130 to move linearly toward the target 200 or away from the target 200, so that The TOF camera 140 is located at a predetermined position in front of the target 200 , and obtains the real-time distance between the TOF camera 140 and the target 200 .
具体的,所述全封闭测试箱体100是指底壁和顶壁以及四周侧壁均被封闭的腔体,全封闭测试箱体100中可以对环境的温度和湿度以及环境光强进行调控,使得对在全封闭测试箱体100中对TOF相机的校正测试时,减少外部环境对校正过程的影响,全封闭测试箱体100至少具有一侧壁用于安置前述所述的标靶200。本实施例中,所述全封闭测试箱体100为立方体,所述立方体可以为长方体或正方体,所述全封闭测试箱体100包括相对的底壁和顶壁以及位于底壁和顶壁的四个侧壁。Specifically, the fully enclosed test box 100 refers to a cavity in which the bottom wall, the top wall and the surrounding side walls are closed. The fully enclosed test box 100 can control the temperature and humidity of the environment and the ambient light intensity. In order to reduce the influence of the external environment on the calibration process during the calibration test of the TOF camera in the fully enclosed test box 100 , the fully enclosed test box 100 has at least one side wall for arranging the aforementioned target 200 . In this embodiment, the fully enclosed test box 100 is a cube, and the cube may be a cuboid or a cube, and the fully enclosed test box 100 includes opposite bottom and top walls and four a side wall.
在一实施例中,所述全封闭测试箱体100底壁、顶壁以及四周侧壁均被亚光黑处理,使得箱体内无任何镜面反射及光源产生,提高了校正的精度,具体的所述亚光黑处理可以为金属表面阳极处理工艺。In one embodiment, the bottom wall, top wall and surrounding side walls of the fully enclosed test box 100 are all treated with matte black, so that no specular reflection and light source are generated in the box, which improves the accuracy of calibration. The matte black treatment can be a metal surface anode treatment process.
前述所述的标靶安装于全封闭测试箱体100的一个侧壁上,本实施例中,所述标靶200长度为3.5米(沿x轴方向的尺寸),所述标靶的高度为1.5米(沿z轴方向的尺寸),以满足TOF相机在特定预定位置(TOF相机140距离标靶200为1米或小于1米时),进行水平视角为120度的视场平面校正。The aforementioned target is installed on one side wall of the fully enclosed test box 100. In this embodiment, the length of the target 200 is 3.5 meters (the dimension along the x-axis direction), and the height of the target is 1.5 meters (dimension along the z-axis direction), to satisfy the TOF camera at a specific predetermined position (when the TOF camera 140 is 1 meter away from the target 200 or less than 1 meter), the field of view plane correction with a horizontal viewing angle of 120 degrees is performed.
在一实施例中,所述全封闭测试箱体100侧壁上具有靶槽,所述标靶200安装在靶槽内,以便于不同尺寸的标靶的安装和固定。In one embodiment, the side wall of the fully enclosed test box 100 has a target groove, and the target 200 is installed in the target groove to facilitate the installation and fixation of targets of different sizes.
所述夹承装置130用于装夹TOF相机140,使得所述TOF相机140位于所述标靶200的前方的预定位置。所述夹承装置130具有与所述标靶200平行的承靠面131,所述TOF相机140装夹于所述夹承装置130的承靠面131上,所述TOF相机140包括镜头,当所述TOF相机140装夹于所述夹承装置130的承靠面131上时,使得所述镜头面向标靶200。The clamping device 130 is used for clamping the TOF camera 140 so that the TOF camera 140 is located at a predetermined position in front of the target 200 . The clamping device 130 has a bearing surface 131 parallel to the target 200 , the TOF camera 140 is clamped on the bearing surface 131 of the clamping device 130 , and the TOF camera 140 includes a lens. When the TOF camera 140 is clamped on the bearing surface 131 of the clamping device 130 , the lens faces the target 200 .
本实施例中,所述承靠面131为夹承装置的一个侧面,TOF相机140安装在承靠面131上时,TOF相机140的光源单元发射的调制光以及光感应单元接收的反射光不会受到夹承装置130的阻挡或干扰,并且便于控制TOF相机140的水平度和安装的高度。In this embodiment, the bearing surface 131 is a side surface of the clamping device. When the TOF camera 140 is installed on the bearing surface 131, the modulated light emitted by the light source unit of the TOF camera 140 and the reflected light received by the light sensing unit will not be affected. It will be blocked or interfered by the clamping device 130 , and it is convenient to control the levelness and installation height of the TOF camera 140 .
在一实施例中,所述TOF深度相机可以包括:光源单元,光感应单元,处理单元,镜头,控制单元。所述光源单元用于产生和发射调制光,对视场进行照明;所述镜头用于将反射的光线聚焦在光感应单元,所述光感应单元用于接收反射光线,产生感应电荷;所述处理单元用于获得深度图像;所述控制单元用于控制所述镜头的位置。In an embodiment, the TOF depth camera may include: a light source unit, a light sensing unit, a processing unit, a lens, and a control unit. The light source unit is used to generate and emit modulated light to illuminate the field of view; the lens is used to focus the reflected light on the light sensing unit, and the light sensing unit is used to receive the reflected light and generate induced charges; the The processing unit is used to obtain a depth image; the control unit is used to control the position of the lens.
所述调制光为红外光,在一实施例中,所述光源单元产生的调制光为100~150MHz的脉冲红外光,所述红外光的波长为850nm或940nm。在一实施例中,所述光源单元包括光源和与光源连接的驱动电路,所述光源用于产生光线,所述光源包括发光二级管或者垂直腔面发射激光器(Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser,VCSEL)。所述驱动电路用于驱动所述光源工作,产生调制光。所述驱动电路可以驱动所述光源产生和发射恒定功率或不同功率的调制光。The modulated light is infrared light. In one embodiment, the modulated light generated by the light source unit is pulsed infrared light of 100-150 MHz, and the wavelength of the infrared light is 850 nm or 940 nm. In one embodiment, the light source unit includes a light source and a driving circuit connected with the light source, the light source is used for generating light, and the light source includes a light emitting diode or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). ). The driving circuit is used for driving the light source to work to generate modulated light. The driving circuit can drive the light source to generate and emit modulated light of constant power or different powers.
所述调制光的调制方式分为脉冲光调制和连续波调制两种。其中脉冲光调制时通过获得发射光和接收光的时间差来获得TOF相机与目标之间的距离信息。连续波调制时是通过获得发射光和接受光的相位差来获得TOF相机与目标之间的距离信息。The modulation modes of the modulated light are divided into pulse light modulation and continuous wave modulation. The distance information between the TOF camera and the target is obtained by obtaining the time difference between the emitted light and the received light during pulsed light modulation. During continuous wave modulation, the distance information between the TOF camera and the target is obtained by obtaining the phase difference between the emitted light and the received light.
所述光感应单元用于感应反射光线,产生感应电荷,所述光感应单元通常包括像素矩阵阵列。所述处理单元与光源单元和光感应单元连接,所述处理单元根据得到的感应电荷获得对应的发射光和接收光的时间差或相位差,根据所述时间差或相位差计算深度信息,进而得到深度图形。The light sensing unit is used for sensing reflected light to generate induced charges, and the light sensing unit usually includes a pixel matrix array. The processing unit is connected with the light source unit and the light sensing unit, and the processing unit obtains the corresponding time difference or phase difference between the emitted light and the received light according to the obtained induced charge, and calculates the depth information according to the time difference or phase difference, and then obtains the depth graph. .
所述镜头用于将反射的光线聚焦在光感应单元。所述镜头还用于过滤掉与光源单元发射的调制光频率和波长不同的光。The lens is used to focus the reflected light on the light sensing unit. The lens is also used to filter out light having a different frequency and wavelength than the modulated light emitted by the light source unit.
TOF相机标定集成系统还移动装置120,所述夹承装置130位于移动装置120上,所述移动装置120用于驱动所述夹承装置130向着所述标靶200方向或者远离所述标靶200的方向(图3所示的AB方向)直线移动,使得所述TOF相机140位于所述标靶200的前方的预定位置,并获得所述TOF相机140与所述标靶200的实时距离。The TOF camera calibration integrated system also moves the device 120 , the clamping device 130 is located on the moving device 120 , and the moving device 120 is used to drive the clamping device 130 toward the target 200 or away from the target 200 The direction of AB (the AB direction shown in FIG. 3 ) is moved linearly, so that the TOF camera 140 is located at a predetermined position in front of the target 200 , and the real-time distance between the TOF camera 140 and the target 200 is obtained.
通过移动装置120的驱动,所述夹承装置130可以位于不同的预定位置,从而可以使得TOF相机在不同的预定位置处获得深度信息并进行相应的参数校正或者结合不同预定位置处获得的深度信息对相应的参数进行校正,并且由于夹承装置130与标靶200的距离是通过移动装置120控制,根据移动装置120可以获得所述TOF相机140与所述标靶200的精确的实时距离。By driving the mobile device 120, the clamping device 130 can be located at different predetermined positions, so that the TOF camera can obtain depth information at different predetermined positions and perform corresponding parameter correction or combine the depth information obtained at different predetermined positions Corresponding parameters are corrected, and since the distance between the clamping device 130 and the target 200 is controlled by the moving device 120 , the precise real-time distance between the TOF camera 140 and the target 200 can be obtained according to the moving device 120 .
在一实施例中,所述移动装置120包括导轨或滑轨121、移动平台122和驱动单元(图中未示出),以及位于导轨或滑轨121上移动平台122,所述移动平台122在导轨或滑轨121限定的方向(图3中所述的AB方向)上移动,所述移动平台122与驱动单元连接,所述夹承装置130位于移动平台122上,所述驱动单元适于驱动所述移动平台122沿着导轨或滑轨121限定的方向上移动,移动平台122上的夹承装置130相应的移动,在一实施例中,所述驱动单元为高精度的直线电机,所述移动装置120还包括位移传感器(图中未示出),所述位移传感器用于获取夹承装置130的移动距离,所述移动装置120根据位移传感器获得的夹承装置130的移动距离获得夹承装置130上的TOF相机140与所述标靶200的实时距离,通过前述所述的移动装置,使得TOF相机140与所述标靶200的实时距离的精度小于0.01mm,从而使得TOF相机标定集成系统获得实施距离的精度答复提升,进而提高校正的精度。In one embodiment, the moving device 120 includes a guide rail or slide rail 121, a moving platform 122 and a driving unit (not shown in the figure), and a moving platform 122 located on the guide rail or slide rail 121, and the moving platform 122 is located on the guide rail or slide rail 121. The guide rail or slide rail 121 moves in the direction (AB direction described in FIG. 3 ), the moving platform 122 is connected with the driving unit, the clamping device 130 is located on the moving platform 122, and the driving unit is suitable for driving The moving platform 122 moves along the direction defined by the guide rail or the sliding rail 121, and the clamping device 130 on the moving platform 122 moves accordingly. In one embodiment, the driving unit is a high-precision linear motor, and the The moving device 120 further includes a displacement sensor (not shown in the figure), the displacement sensor is used to obtain the moving distance of the clamping device 130, and the moving device 120 obtains the clamping device according to the moving distance of the clamping device 130 obtained by the displacement sensor. The real-time distance between the TOF camera 140 on the device 130 and the target 200, through the aforementioned mobile device, the accuracy of the real-time distance between the TOF camera 140 and the target 200 is less than 0.01mm, so that the TOF camera calibration is integrated The system obtains an increase in the accuracy response of the implemented distance, which in turn improves the accuracy of the correction.
在一实施例中,所述TOF相机标定集成系统,还包括:旋转装置150,所述旋转装置150位于所述移动装置120上,所述夹承装置130位于所述旋转装置150上,所述旋转装置150用于驱动所述夹承装置130在垂直于标靶200表面的方向(图3所述的CD方向)上旋转,调节所述承靠面131与所述标靶200之间的平行度。所述夹承装置130上还具有准直仪160,所述准直仪160用于判定夹承装置130位于某一预定位置时,所述承靠面131与所述标靶200之间是否平行,当所述承靠面131与所述标靶200之间不平行时,所述旋转装置150驱动所述夹承装置130在垂直于标靶表面的方向上旋转,直至所述准直仪160判定所述承靠面131与所述标靶200之间平行,由于TOF相机是安装在承靠面131上,TOF相机(镜头)与承靠面131保持平行,因而通过旋转装置150和准直仪160可以使得整个校正过程中,所述TOF相机与标靶200始终保持平行,从而提高了TOF相机获得的深度信息的精度,进一步提高了校正的精度。In an embodiment, the TOF camera calibration integrated system further includes: a rotating device 150, the rotating device 150 is located on the moving device 120, the clamping device 130 is located on the rotating device 150, the The rotating device 150 is used to drive the clamping device 130 to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the target 200 (the CD direction shown in FIG. 3 ) to adjust the parallelism between the bearing surface 131 and the target 200 Spend. The clamping device 130 also has a collimator 160, and the collimator 160 is used to determine whether the bearing surface 131 is parallel to the target 200 when the clamping device 130 is located at a predetermined position. , when the bearing surface 131 and the target 200 are not parallel, the rotating device 150 drives the clamping device 130 to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the target surface until the collimator 160 It is determined that the bearing surface 131 is parallel to the target 200. Since the TOF camera is installed on the bearing surface 131, the TOF camera (lens) is kept parallel to the bearing surface 131, so the rotation device 150 and the collimator The instrument 160 can keep the TOF camera and the target 200 parallel throughout the calibration process, thereby improving the accuracy of the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and further improving the accuracy of the calibration.
所述准直仪160可以按照在承靠面131或者夹承装置130的底部表面上,或者也可以安装在其他合适的位置。在一实施例中,准直仪160判断承靠面131与所述标靶200是否平行的标准为:夹承装置130上的准直仪160发射激光,激光在标靶200的表面产生反射,如果准直仪160能接收到反射的激光,则判定夹承装置130的承靠面131与所述标靶200之间平行,若准直仪160不能接收到反射的激光,则判定夹承装置130的承靠面131与所述标靶200之间不平行。The collimator 160 can be installed on the bearing surface 131 or the bottom surface of the clamping device 130, or can also be installed at other suitable positions. In one embodiment, the criterion for the collimator 160 to judge whether the bearing surface 131 is parallel to the target 200 is: the collimator 160 on the clamping device 130 emits a laser, and the laser is reflected on the surface of the target 200, If the collimator 160 can receive the reflected laser light, it is determined that the bearing surface 131 of the clamping device 130 is parallel to the target 200; if the collimator 160 cannot receive the reflected laser light, it is determined that the clamping device The bearing surface 131 of 130 is not parallel to the target 200 .
在一实施例中,所述TOF相机标定集成系统,还包括:校正单元(图中未示出),所述校正单元根据所述TOF相机获取的所述深度信息与所述实时距离的差异,对所述TOF相机进行校正。In one embodiment, the TOF camera calibration integrated system further includes: a correction unit (not shown in the figure), the correction unit according to the difference between the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and the real-time distance, The TOF camera is calibrated.
在一具体的实施例中,所述校正的过程包括:将(待校正的)TOF相机140装夹在夹承装置上;所述移动装置驱动所述夹承装置移动,使得所述夹承装置上的所述(待校正的)TOF相机位于所述200标靶的前方的预定位置,所述移动装置获还得所述(待校正的)TOF相机与所述标靶的实时距离;通过旋转装置150和准直仪160使得所述(待校正的)TOF相机与所述标靶200始终保持平行(可以不进行该步骤);所述(待校正的)TOF相机在所述预定位置获取所述标靶的深度信息;所述校正单元根据所述TOF相机获取的所述深度信息与所述实时距离的差异,对所述TOF相机进行校正。In a specific embodiment, the calibration process includes: clamping the (to-be-calibrated) TOF camera 140 on a clamping device; the moving device drives the clamping device to move, so that the clamping device The (to-be-corrected) TOF camera is located at a predetermined position in front of the 200 target, and the mobile device also obtains the real-time distance between the (to-be-corrected) TOF camera and the target; by rotating The device 150 and the collimator 160 keep the (to be calibrated) TOF camera and the target 200 always parallel (this step may not be performed); the (to be calibrated) TOF camera acquires all the depth information of the target; the correction unit corrects the TOF camera according to the difference between the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and the real-time distance.
所述校正可以包括暗噪声校正、灵敏度校正、视场平面校正、深度校正或温度校正。The corrections may include dark noise corrections, sensitivity corrections, field plane corrections, depth corrections, or temperature corrections.
在具体的实施例中,所述校正单元根据所述TOF相机获取的所述深度信息与所述实时距离的差异,获得校正因子,校正单元根据校正因子对TOF相机进行校正。所述校正因子的可以通过计算、实验或者经验获得。In a specific embodiment, the correction unit obtains a correction factor according to the difference between the depth information obtained by the TOF camera and the real-time distance, and the correction unit corrects the TOF camera according to the correction factor. The correction factor can be obtained by calculation, experiment or experience.
所述预设距离为1米或者小于1米(可以为0.4米)。The preset distance is 1 meter or less (may be 0.4 meters).
所述全封闭测试箱体100的与具有标靶200相对的侧壁上具有红外补光灯110,所述红外补光灯100用于提供环境灯源。An infrared fill light 110 is provided on the side wall of the fully enclosed test box 100 opposite to the target 200 , and the infrared fill light 100 is used to provide an ambient light source.
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并不是用来限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改,因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can use the methods and technical contents disclosed above to improve the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The technical solutions are subject to possible changes and modifications. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention belong to the technical solutions of the present invention. protected range.
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| CN111077512B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-12-26 | 歌尔光学科技有限公司 | TOF module calibration method and system |
| CN111239712A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-05 | 炬佑智能科技(苏州)有限公司 | Depth camera calibration and evaluation environment system |
| CN114660576A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-24 | 余姚舜宇智能光学技术有限公司 | Calibration method and system of TOF module |
| CN113866785A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-31 | 珠海视熙科技有限公司 | TOF camera light ray projection method, system and related device |
| CN116047483A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-02 | 南京芯视界微电子科技有限公司 | Calibration system and calibration method for TOF ranging module |
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Application publication date: 20190726 |