CN110224936B

CN110224936B - Routing method based on MAC address and network interface

Info

Publication number: CN110224936B
Application number: CN201910505053.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周斌; 颜兴茂; 赵全鑫; 梁晖; 张阳; 肖霞
Original assignee: Sichuan Netop Telecom Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Netop Telecom Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-12
Filing date: 2019-06-12
Publication date: 2021-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-12
Also published as: CN110224936A

Abstract

The invention discloses a routing method based on MAC address and network interface, comprising a plurality of routers which are communicated in the same network segment internet networking, and the routers realize the internet communication through an address resolution protocol LT ARP and a routing protocol LTRP: under the address resolution protocol LT ARP and the routing protocol LTRP, each router after networking is distributed with a unique IPv4 address in the network as a unique identification ID number of each router; each network interface ETH N on the router is configured with a unique in-network physical address MAC N corresponding thereto. The invention provides a routing method based on MAC address and network interface, adopting the physical address MAC of the home terminal forwarding interface and the next hop equipment to mark the next hop of the routing table in the home terminal network equipment, the interconnected network interfaces do not need to configure IP address, the interfaces between the routers are interconnected and automatically organized into network, the configuration is reduced, the complexity of the router configuration is reduced, and the number of the routing tables in the network is greatly reduced.

Description

Routing method based on MAC address and network interface

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a communication method used in a data communication situation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a routing method based on MAC addresses and network interfaces for use in the case of internetworking communications.

Background

Routing protocols implement network-wide routing by sharing routing information among routers. Specifically, the working method comprises the following steps:

1. routing information is passed between neighboring routers and disseminated, ensuring that all routers within the network are aware of reachability to other routers or networks. In summary, the routing protocol creates a destination host or network routing table;

2. the routing protocol works in the router to generate a routing table, and the router selects a route and forwards a data packet according to the routing table.

3. The router provides a heterogeneous network interconnection mechanism, and realizes that a data packet of one network is sent to another network, and the routing is path information for guiding IP data packet sending. A routing protocol is a pre-agreed specification and standard followed for sharing routing information between routers.

The interfaces between existing routers can be generally summarized as three types of link interfaces, namely point-to-point, point-to-multipoint broadcast and point-to-multipoint non-broadcast, which are used for interconnection networking between routers, and the network topology is shown in fig. 1, so the IPv4 routing technology adopted in the prior art needs to configure the routers as follows:

1) the router 1:

point-to-point interface address: 11.1.1.1, and subnet mask, and is on the same network segment as the point-to-point interface address 11.1.1.2 of router 2, such as: 11.1.1.0/24;

point-to-multipoint interface address: 12.1.1.1 and subnet mask, and is in the same network segment as the point-to-multipoint interface addresses 12.1.1.3, 12.1.1.4 of router 3 and router 4, such as 12.1.1.0/24;

2) the router 2:

point-to-point interface address: 11.1.1.2 and subnet mask, and is in the same network segment with the point-to-point interface address 11.1.1.1 of the router 1; such as: 11.1.1.0/24;

3) the router 3:

point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface address: 12.1.1.3 and subnet mask, and the point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface addresses with router 1, router 4: 12.1.1.1, 12.1.1.4 are on the same network segment, such as 12.1.1.0/24;

point-to-multipoint non-broadcast type interface address: 13.1.1.3 and subnet mask, and the point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface addresses with router 5, router 6: 13.1.1.5, 13.1.1.6 are on the same network segment, such as 13.1.1.0/24;

4) the router 4:

point-to-multipoint interface address: 12.1.1.4 and subnet mask, and the point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface addresses with router 1, router 3: 12.1.1.1, 12.1.1.4 are on the same network segment, such as 12.1.1.0/24;

5) the router 5:

point-to-multipoint non-broadcast type interface address: 13.1.1.5 and subnet mask, and the point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface addresses with router 3, router 6: 13.1.1.3, 13.1.1.6 are on the same network segment, such as 13.1.1.0/24;

6) the router 6:

point-to-multipoint non-broadcast type interface address: 13.1.1.6 and subnet mask, and the point-to-multipoint broadcast type interface address with router 3, router 5: 13.1.1.3, 13.1.1.5 are on the same network segment, such as 13.1.1.0/24;

the network segments 11.1.1.0/24, 12.1.1.0/24 and 13.1.1.0/24 are mainly used for calculating a routing table by a routing protocol, and the IP addresses of the router interfaces are used for identifying the next hop forwarded by the adjacent router; such as: the routing table of router 1 has "next hop address 12.1.1.3 to destination network 13.1.1.0/24";

network segments 11.1.1.0/24, 12.1.1.0/24, 13.1.1.0/24 all exist in each router in the network as routing table entries; when the interface connection relationship between the routers changes, the interface IP address needs to be modified.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a routing method based on MAC address and network interface, which can identify the next hop of the routing table in the network device by using the interface and physical address MAC, without configuring IPv4 address in advance, and without reconfiguring IPv4 address after the connection relationship is changed, so as to implement automatic connection networking, and at the same time, greatly reduce the number of routing tables in the network between routers in the network, and reduce the complexity of network configuration.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a routing method based on MAC addresses and network interfaces, wherein the routers implement internet networking communication via an address resolution protocol LT ARP and a routing protocol LTRP: under the address resolution protocol LT ARP and the routing protocol LTRP, each router in the network is distributed with a unique IPv4 address in the network as a unique identification ID number of each router;

each network interface ETH N on each router is configured with a unique in-network physical address MAC N corresponding to the network interface ETH N, when the router accesses a remote router or a network segment through the network interface, a routing table is searched through the IPv4 address or the network segment of the remote router, a forwarding interface of the local terminal and the next hop physical address MAC N are obtained, and data forwarding is realized.

Preferably, under the address resolution protocol LT ARP, the router searches the IP address and MAC address of the opposite router directly connected to the home router ETH N through the LTARP protocol, and further establishes an address table in the format of the opposite router IPv4 address + the opposite physical address MAC N + the home network interface ETH N in the memory of the home router.

Preferably, under the routing protocol LTRP, the routing diffusion algorithm is used to diffuse the reachability of other routers or networks in the entire network, and record the reachable interfaces and the next MAC address; comparing the optimal routes to obtain a unique route table; the mechanism of periodical aging, routing request and increment updating is provided.

Preferably, the format of the routing table is:

the destination IP address or IP network + subnet mask + home terminal forwarding interface ETH N + next hop physical address MAC N, and the subnet mask is 255.255.255 for the host address routing.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: firstly, the invention adopts the next hop physical address MAC and the local interface serial number to mark the next hop of the routing table in the network equipment, thereby realizing automatic connection networking, and the network equipment interface does not need to reconfigure the IPv4 address after networking, thereby greatly reducing the number of the routing table of the network equipment in the network and reducing the complexity of network configuration.

Secondly, the same network segment is not required between the interfaces of the router interconnection, and the automatic connection networking intercommunication can be realized; in the traditional IPv4 route, when the interface IP address or IP address field of the opposite end router is not known in advance, networking cannot be realized, the planning is required in advance, the connection is strictly performed according to the planning, and the mobile random access cannot be realized; by adopting the technology, the router interface does not need to be provided with an IP address and a network segment, the networking interconnection among the routers is simple and convenient, and flexible automatic networking can be realized;

thirdly, by adopting the technology of the patent, the interconnection between the routers can be realized without setting a network segment, and a corresponding routing table is not provided, so that the scale of the routing table of the router is greatly reduced.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a prior art network topology after networking;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a network topology structure after the method of the present invention is used to convert the network topology structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a topology structure corresponding to a network interface and an MAC address on a router under an address resolution protocol LT ARP in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the topology structure of IPv4 address and MAC address on the router under the routing protocol LTRP of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a topology diagram of the connection of a router and an interface when the router accesses the router through the interface;

fig. 6 is another topology structure diagram of the router of the present invention connected to two interfaces when the router accesses through the two interfaces redundant interconnect.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

According to the implementation form of the routing method based on the MAC address and the network interface, the routing method comprises a plurality of routers which are communicated in the same network segment interconnection network, the routers realize interconnection communication through an address resolution protocol LT ARP and a routing protocol LTRP, and network equipment used for networking also comprises an Ethernet switch with a three-layer switching function besides the routers mentioned in the scheme; under the address resolution protocol LT ARP and the routing protocol LTRP, each router after networking is distributed with a unique IPv4 address in the network as a unique identification ID number of each router;

when the local end router needs to transmit or send an IP data packet, a longest address matching algorithm is adopted according to the target IP address in the data packet to search a routing table, an outlet and the next MAC of the local end are obtained, and packet retransmission is carried out again, so that data forwarding is realized.

In this scheme, the routing method can convert the network topology expressed in prior art fig. 1 into a network topology structure diagram as shown in fig. 2, specifically, each router after networking is identified by a unique IP address, as shown in fig. 2, the IP address of each router is configured as:

the router 1: 10.0.0.1; the router 2: 10.0.0.2; the router 3: 10.0.0.3;

the router 4: 10.0.0.4; the router 5: 10.0.0.5; the router 6: 10.0.0.6, respectively;

therefore, the IP address of each router is unique in the network and can be directly used as the router identification ID number;

each network interface for interconnection between routers does not set an IPv4 address, but correspondingly configures an intra-network unique MAC address, as shown in fig. 2-6, for example, an interface ETH0 of router 1 has a corresponding MAC address MAC 3; because the MAC address is unique in the network, the Ethernet MAC address is managed by ISO international organization, is globally unique and has uniqueness without the requirement of the same network segment; the connection relation between the routers is changed, and when the network is re-established, no parameter is required to be modified;

for the routing table, the routing table comprises a destination IP address or an IP network, a forwarding interface serial number and a next hop MAC address; such as: the router 1 has a routing table "destination IP address 10.0.0.3, a forwarding interface Eth0, and a next hop MAC address MAC 4.

In summary, it can be seen that the present solution uses the physical address MAC and the interface to identify the next hop of the routing table in the network device, so that automatic connection networking can be implemented, and the network device interface does not need to reconfigure the IPv4 address after networking, thereby greatly reducing the number of routing tables of the network device in the network and reducing the complexity of network configuration.

In another embodiment, under an address resolution protocol LT ARP, a router searches an IP address and an MAC address of an opposite-end router directly connected with an ETH N of a local-end router through an LTARP protocol, and further establishes an address table in a memory of the local-end router, wherein the address table is in a format of an IPv4 address of the opposite-end router, an MAC N of an opposite-end physical address and an ETH N of a network interface of the local end, and is used for solving the problem that the same IP address has different MAC addresses on different interfaces of the same router and the same IP address has different MAC addresses on different routers; specifically, the network topology structure shown in fig. 3 may be used for illustration, which represents that the same router IP address has different MAC addresses by accessing at different interfaces; the LT ARP protocol mainly realizes the automatic discovery of IP addresses of opposite terminals, and the same IP address corresponds to a plurality of MAC addresses, specifically, the IPv4 address of the router 1 is 10.0.0.1, 3 interfaces are provided, the MAC addresses of the interfaces are respectively MAC1, MAC3 and MAC10, for the router 2, the MAC address corresponding to the IPv4 address of 10.0.0.1 is discovered to be MAC1 and MA10 through an address resolution protocol, and for the router 3, the MAC address corresponding to the IPv4 address of 10.0.0.1 is discovered to be MAC3 through the address resolution protocol;

the relationship between the MAC address and the interface, IPv4, is further detailed using the connection diagrams of fig. 5-6:

the ID of the router is used in a routing protocol, and the IP address of the router is used for receiving and transmitting data packets during communication and is the same in number;

the MAC address is a media access address owned by a router interface, each physical interface has an independent MAC address, and when an opposite end accesses the home end through one physical interface, the opposite end sees that the router IP address and (interface + MAC address) have a corresponding relationship, as shown in fig. 5, a router 2 (10.0.0.2) needs to send data to a router 1 (10.0.0.1) through its ETH _2 interface; the physical address MAC0 of the router 1 needs to be known, the router 2 can acquire the address through an LTARP protocol, and such an address table (10.0.0.1, MAC0, ETH _ 2) is established in the memory of the router 2;

when two routers have more than two interfaces interconnected, as shown in fig. 6, router 2 (10.0.0.2) needs to send data to router 1 (10.0.0.1) through its ETH _2 interface; the physical address MAC0 of the router 1 needs to be known, the router 2 can acquire the address through an LTARP protocol, and such an address table (10.0.0.1, MAC0, ETH _ 2) is established in the memory of the router 2; meanwhile, the router 2 (10.0.0.2) is to send data to the router 1 (10.0.0.1) through its ETH _3 interface; it needs to know the physical address MAC1 of router 1, router 2 can obtain the address through the LTARP protocol, and such an address table (10.0.0.1, MAC2, ETH _ 3) is established in the memory of router 2. Therefore, when more than two interfaces are interconnected between two routers, the IP address and the MAC are not in one-to-one correspondence; the system is in a one-to-many relationship to meet the different requirements of networking under different network environments, and different interfaces have different destination MAC addresses; (10.0.0.1, ETH _2, MAC 0), (10.0.0.1, ETH _3, MAC 2); this is also the reason for the need of the LT ARP protocol, where one MAC address corresponds to one IP address in the conventional ARP protocol;

LT ARP is a new resolution protocol developed according to our patent technology; when the LTARP protocol searches a physical address of a certain IP address; the cached ARP address table is not (IP address, MAC address) to be sent to all the ports of the ARP; but (IP address, interface, MAC address), and there may be many table entries to the same IP address, when the router receives the address inquiry frame, it does not transmit, avoids forming the loop.

Because the technology of the invention does not need to set different IP addresses for different interfaces, and each router only has a unique IPv4 address in the same network segment, the physical interface and the MAC address of the router (the unique IPv4 address) are analyzed by adopting an LT ARP address resolution protocol, and the corresponding MAC address and the corresponding outgoing interface are searched; in the scheme, the router does not need an IP address, but does not need an interface, after the traditional interface configures the IP address and a network segment, the IP addresses configured by the two router interconnection interfaces are different and are in the same network segment, and when the connection relation between the routers is changed and the network is re-organized, the interface IP address and the network segment need to be modified for intercommunication; when the mobile internet is networked, the change is frequent, the invention does not set the IP address and the network segment of the router interface, and the problem of the traditional networking does not exist when the access is carried out at random.

In another example, in the present solution, under a routing protocol LTRP, an interface, a MAC address, a neighbor router ID, and reachability of a router in a network are recorded, so as to establish a full-network topology as shown in fig. 4. In the prior art, a route is calculated based on an interface IP address, a network segment and a neighbor router IP; in the scheme, because the interface does not have an IP address and a network segment, the route can not be calculated by depending on the IP address and the network segment of the interface, and the route is established by adopting a serial number interface, an MAC address and an ID of a neighbor router; the algorithm adopts a traditional route diffusion shortest path algorithm, the router collects the routing information including the IP address/network segment of the remote router, a possible network interface ETH N and a possible next hop opposite terminal physical address MAC N in the network through the diffusion algorithm, and a unique route is selected according to the shortest path.

In another example, the routing table is in the format of:

the target IP address or IP network + subnet mask + local terminal forwarding interface ETH N + next opposite terminal physical address MAC N, adopting routing algorithm to obtain routing table, the composition of the routing table includes: destination address or network, subnet mask, home terminal forwarding interface, next MAC address, such as:

destination address	Subnet mask	Forwarding interface	Next hop MAC
				10.0.0.11	255.255.255.255	eth0	MAC4

In this scheme, the routing algorithm is unchanged, but the base number used varies, the database information varies, and the calculated routing table also varies accordingly, specifically:

the representation format of the routing table in the prior art is:

the new routing table format in the scheme of the invention is as follows:

therefore, when the traditional routing table is actually forwarded, the traditional routing table is converted into a next-hop MAC address and a bottom-layer physical interface through an ARP protocol; the new routing table simply works this in advance, becoming the routing table itself containing the information. The original forwarding process needs to be modified in software. But because the scale of the routing table of the router is greatly reduced, the networking efficiency and the response are quicker.

In another example, the physical address MAC N is applied to any one of the networking modes including the MAC address in the ethernet and the point-to-point and point-to-multipoint non-broadcast type links, and is used for adapting the communication needs of the routing interconnection under different networking conditions, so that the physical address MAC N has better adaptability.

In conclusion, the same IP network segment is not required among the interfaces interconnected by the routers, so that automatic connection networking intercommunication can be realized; in the traditional IPv4 route, when the interface IP address or IP address field of the opposite end router is not known in advance, the instant connection cannot be networked and communicated; by adopting the technology, the router interface does not need to be provided with an IP address and a network segment, the networking interconnection among the routers is simple and convenient, and the automatic connection networking can be realized;

meanwhile, after the technology is adopted, the routers are interconnected without setting a network segment, and a corresponding routing table is not provided, so that the scale of the routing table of each router in the network is greatly reduced.

The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. When the invention is implemented, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the MAC address and network interface based routing method of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A routing method based on MAC address and network interface is characterized in that networking communication is realized among routers through an address resolution protocol LT ARP and a routing protocol LTRP:

under the address resolution protocol LT ARP and the routing protocol LTRP, each router is distributed with a unique IPv4 in the network as a unique identification ID number of each router;

each network interface ETH N on each router is configured with an in-network unique physical address MAC N;

when the router of the local terminal accesses the remote router through a network interface ETH N on the router, the router table is searched through the IP address of the remote router to obtain a forwarding interface of the local terminal and a next-hop physical address MAC N, and then data forwarding is achieved.

2. The routing method according to claim 1, wherein under an address resolution protocol LT ARP, the router searches an IP address and a MAC address of an opposite-end router directly connected to the home-end router ETH N through an LT ARP protocol, and further establishes an address table in a memory of the home-end router in a format of an opposite-end router IPv4 address + an opposite-end physical address MAC N + the home-end network interface ETH N.

3. The routing method based on MAC address and network interface of claim 1, wherein under the routing protocol LTRP, the router collects the routing information including the IP address/segment of the remote router, the possible network interface ETH N, the possible next hop physical address MAC N in the network by the diffusion algorithm, and calculates the unique route according to the shortest path.

4. The MAC address and network interface based routing method of claim 2, wherein the format of the routing table is:

destination IP address or IP network + subnet mask + home terminal forward interface ETH N + next hop physical address MAC N.

5. The MAC address and network interface based routing method of claim 1, wherein the physical address MAC N is applied to any one of a networking mode including a MAC address in an ethernet and a point-to-point, point-to-multipoint non-broadcast type link.