CN110311153B - End plate for fuel cell stack and working mode thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An end plate for a fuel cell stack comprises a front end plate and a rear end plate, wherein the front end plate is attached to a front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate is attached to a rear insulating plate. The front end plate is provided with an air inlet and a hydrogen inlet above the front end surface, a cooling liquid inlet is arranged below the front end plate, and a first air diversion cavity communicated with the air inlet, a first hydrogen diversion cavity communicated with the hydrogen inlet and a first cooling liquid diversion cavity communicated with the cooling liquid inlet are arranged on the rear end surface of the front end plate. The air outlet and the hydrogen outlet are arranged below the rear end face of the rear end plate, the cooling liquid outlet is arranged above the rear end plate, and the front end face of the rear end plate is provided with a second air diversion cavity communicated with the air outlet, a second hydrogen diversion cavity communicated with the hydrogen outlet and a second cooling liquid diversion cavity communicated with the cooling liquid outlet. The invention provides a working mode of the multifunctional end plate. The invention can meet the use requirement of the high-power fuel cell stack, reduce the impact of the gas flow change on the stack and simplify the structure of the fuel cell system.

Description

End plate for fuel cell stack and working method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to a multifunctional end plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and its working method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells.

Background technique

Fuel cell end plate The end plate of the fuel cell stack cooperates with the fasteners to provide packaging force for the internal components. It is an important component that determines the overall performance of the battery stack. Common end plate forms include: square end plate, cylindrical end plate, D-shaped end plate, etc.

The existing fuel cell end plates have simple functions and are directly connected to the internal component channels of the fuel cell stack through circular channels. After the reaction medium enters the internal component channels from the end plate channels, the pressure is unevenly distributed, which will lead to uneven reactions inside the stack. Affecting the performance and service life of the stack; especially when the pressure of the stack reaction medium is further increased, this non-uniformity will become more obvious and cannot meet the needs of high-power fuel cell stacks. And when the operating conditions of the high-power fuel cell stack change, changes in gas flow have a greater impact on the stack, affecting the performance and life of the fuel cell stack.

At the same time, the current fuel cell engine system has a complex structure. Pressure and temperature sensors and connecting components are all arranged on the stack connection pipes. The medium pipelines are long and difficult to arrange. The electrical wiring is complex, there are many leakage points, it is inconvenient to repair, and the space is large. It is difficult to meet the demand for large-scale promotion of fuel cells in the future.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an end plate for a fuel cell stack and its working mode.

The technical solution of the present invention is:

An end plate for a fuel cell stack, including a front end plate and a rear end plate, the front end plate is fixed on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate is fixed on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell stack;

There is an air inlet and a hydrogen inlet above the front end surface of the front end plate, a coolant inlet is provided in the middle below, and a first air diversion chamber, a first hydrogen diversion chamber and a first coolant diversion chamber are provided on the rear end surface of the front end plate. The air inlet is connected to the first air diversion chamber, the hydrogen inlet is connected to the first hydrogen diversion chamber, the coolant inlet is connected to the first coolant diversion chamber, and the diversion outlet of the first air diversion chamber is connected to the first air diversion chamber. The air channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system is fit together, the flow guide outlet of the first hydrogen flow guide chamber is fit with the hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the flow guide outlet of the first coolant flow guide cavity is connected with the fuel Coolant channel fit on the front insulating plate of the battery system;

There is an air outlet and a hydrogen outlet below the rear end surface of the rear end plate, a coolant outlet is provided in the upper middle, and a second air diversion chamber, a second hydrogen diversion chamber, and a second coolant diversion chamber are provided on the front end surface of the rear end plate. cavity, the air outlet is connected to the second air diversion chamber, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the second hydrogen diversion chamber, the coolant outlet is connected to the second coolant diversion chamber, and the diversion inlet of the second air diversion chamber is connected to The air channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system is fitted, the flow inlet of the second hydrogen flow guide chamber is fit with the hydrogen channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the flow guide inlet of the second coolant flow guide cavity is connected with the fuel The coolant channels on the rear insulating plate of the battery system fit snugly.

The first air diversion chamber, the first hydrogen diversion chamber, the first coolant diversion chamber, the second air diversion chamber, the second hydrogen diversion chamber and the second coolant diversion chamber are all fan-like cavities. , the cross-sectional area of the fan-like cavity gradually increases from the end plate medium channel to the edge of the end plate, the fan-like cavity is provided with a linear medium channel at the edge of the end plate, and inside the fan-shaped cavity, from the end plate medium channel to the linear medium channel There are multiple medium flow channels between them, and the edges of the fan-shaped cavity except for the linear medium channels are arc-shaped;

The linear medium channels of the first air guide chamber, the first hydrogen guide chamber and the first coolant guide chamber are guide outlets, and the second air guide chamber, the second hydrogen guide chamber and the third The linear medium channel of the second coolant diversion chamber is the diversion inlet.

The cross-sectional area of the first air guide chamber is at least times the cross-sectional area of the first hydrogen guide chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the second air guide chamber is at least times the cross-sectional area of the second hydrogen guide chamber.

An air inlet temperature sensor interface is provided on the upper surface of the front end plate near the air inlet; an air inlet pressure sensor interface is provided on the side of the front end plate near the air inlet; both the air inlet temperature sensor interface and the air inlet pressure sensor interface communicate with the air through internal channels. The inlet is connected; the air inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the air inlet temperature sensor interface, and the air inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the air inlet pressure sensor interface;

The lower surface of the rear end plate is provided with an air outlet temperature sensor interface near the air outlet; the rear end plate is provided with an air outlet pressure sensor interface on the side near the air outlet. Both the air outlet temperature sensor interface and the air outlet pressure sensor interface pass through the internal channel. Connected to the air outlet; an air outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the air outlet temperature sensor interface, and an air outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the air outlet pressure sensor interface.

The upper surface of the front end plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface near the hydrogen inlet; the side of the front end plate near the hydrogen inlet is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface. The hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface and the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface are both connected to the hydrogen through internal channels. The inlet is connected; a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface, and a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface;

The lower surface of the rear end plate is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface near the hydrogen outlet; a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface is provided on the side of the rear end plate near the hydrogen outlet. Both the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface and the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface pass through the internal channel. Connected to the hydrogen outlet; a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface, and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface.

The lower surface of the front end plate is provided with a coolant inlet temperature sensor interface near the coolant inlet; the side of the front end plate is provided with a coolant inlet pressure sensor interface, a coolant inlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant inlet pressure interface. The sensor interfaces are all connected to the coolant inlet through internal channels; a coolant inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the coolant inlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the coolant inlet pressure sensor interface;

The upper surface of the rear end plate is provided with a coolant outlet temperature sensor interface near the coolant outlet; the side of the rear end plate is provided with a coolant outlet pressure sensor interface, a coolant outlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant outlet. The outlet pressure sensor interfaces are all connected to the coolant outlet through internal channels; a coolant outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the coolant outlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the coolant outlet pressure sensor interface.

The thickness of the front end plate and the rear end plate are both greater than 20mm; the depths of the first air diversion chamber, the first hydrogen diversion chamber and the first coolant diversion chamber are the same, and are all less than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate. The air guide chamber, the second hydrogen guide chamber and the second coolant guide chamber have the same depth, which is less than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate.

Both the front end plate and the rear end plate are designed with reinforcing ribs.

A gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate.

A working method of end plate for fuel cell stack, the steps are as follows:

(1) When the fuel cell is running, the air enters the air inlet on the front end plate after being filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified. The air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the air entering the fuel cell stack, and the air inlet temperature sensor collects the pressure of the air entering the fuel cell. The temperature of the stack; after the air enters the air inlet, it enters the first air guide cavity on the front end plate, and after being buffered and guided by the first air guide cavity, it enters the fuel cell stack air channel for reaction; after the fuel cell stack reaction, the remaining After the gas is buffered and guided by the second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, it flows out through the air outlet of the rear end plate. The air outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air leaves the fuel cell stack, and the air outlet temperature sensor collects when the air leaves the fuel cell stack. temperature;

(2) The coolant enters the coolant inlet on the front end plate after being temperature-regulated and pressurized by the system. The coolant inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the coolant enters the fuel cell stack. The coolant inlet temperature sensor collects the pressure of the coolant entering the fuel cell stack. The temperature at After being buffered and diverted by the second coolant diversion cavity of the rear end plate, the coolant flows out through the coolant outlet of the rear end plate. The coolant outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the coolant when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the coolant outlet temperature sensor collects the coolant temperature upon leaving the fuel cell stack;

(3) Hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet on the front end plate after decompression. The hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet. The first hydrogen guide chamber of the front end plate is buffered and guided by the first hydrogen guide chamber and then enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the remaining gas is buffered and guided by the second hydrogen guide chamber of the rear end plate. After diversion, the hydrogen gas flows out through the rear end plate hydrogen outlet. The hydrogen gas outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the hydrogen gas when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen gas outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature of the remaining hydrogen gas when it leaves the fuel cell stack;

(4) Air inlet pressure sensor, air inlet temperature sensor, air outlet pressure sensor, air outlet temperature sensor, coolant inlet pressure sensor, coolant inlet temperature sensor, coolant outlet pressure sensor, coolant outlet temperature sensor, hydrogen inlet pressure The sensor, hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, hydrogen outlet pressure sensor, and hydrogen outlet temperature sensor feed back the collected parameters to the controller of the fuel cell stack. The controller adjusts the input to the front end according to the pressure and temperature of each place and the design requirements of pressure and temperature. Flow and temperature of air, hydrogen or coolant to the plate.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention is provided with air diversion chambers, hydrogen diversion chambers and coolant diversion chambers on the front and rear end plates respectively. Through the design of the shape and structure of the diversion chambers, the buffering and diversion functions of the working medium are realized. , effectively promotes the uniform distribution of medium pressure in the internal channels of the stack. When the working conditions of the high-power fuel cell stack change, it will reduce the impact of changes in gas flow on the stack, effectively improving the performance and service life of the fuel cell stack.

(2) The design of the air guide chamber, hydrogen guide chamber and coolant guide chamber of the present invention ensures that after the reaction medium (even a reaction medium with a high pressure) enters the internal channel of the fuel cell stack, the pressure is evenly distributed, thereby ensuring uniform pressure distribution. Ensure uniform reaction inside the stack, meet the use requirements of high-power fuel cell stacks, and significantly improve stack performance and service life;

(3) The design of the present invention is flexible and can meet different power requirements of the fuel cell stack by adjusting the number of end plates, and the end plates are designed with reinforcing ribs, laying the foundation for the use of high-power fuel cell stacks.

(4) On the basis of ensuring the pressure, insulation and working medium circulation functions of the existing fuel cell stack assembly, the present invention replaces some of the pipelines and collection functions of the fuel cell system, and adds air paths and hydrogen paths on the front and rear end plates. And the pressure and temperature collection function of the cooling liquid circuit greatly simplifies the structure of the fuel cell system, reduces the system volume, facilitates maintenance, and reduces system costs.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional end plate of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the front and rear end surfaces of the front end plate, where (a) is the front end surface and (b) is the rear end surface;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the front and rear end surfaces of the rear end plate, where (a) is the front end surface and (b) is the rear end surface;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the upper, lower and side surfaces of the front end plate;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the upper, lower and side surfaces of the rear end plate.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes an end plate for a fuel cell stack, including a front end plate 1 and a rear end plate 2. The front end plate 1 is fixed on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate 2 is fixed on the fuel cell stack. Stack on back insulation board.

As shown in Figure 2 (a), there is an air inlet 11 on the upper left side of the front end surface of the front end plate 1, a hydrogen inlet 12 on the upper right side, and a coolant inlet 13 in the middle below. As shown in Figure 2 (b), the front end The rear end surface of the plate 1 is provided with a first air guide chamber 14, a first hydrogen guide chamber 15 and a first coolant guide chamber 16 (the cross-sectional area of the first air guide chamber 14 is at least that of the first hydrogen guide chamber 2 times of 15), the air entering through the air inlet 11 is directed to the side of the front end plate 1 through the first air guide chamber 14, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the air channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack; through the hydrogen inlet 12 The incoming hydrogen is directed to the other side of the front end plate 1 through the first hydrogen diversion chamber 15, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack; the coolant entering through the coolant inlet 13 passes through the A coolant diversion cavity 16 guides the flow to the underside of the front end plate 1, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the coolant channel on the underside of the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack.

As shown in (a) of Figure 3, there is an air outlet 21 on the lower right side of the rear end surface of the rear end plate 2, a hydrogen outlet 22 on the lower left side, and a coolant outlet 23 in the upper middle, as shown in (b) of Figure 3. The front end surface of the rear end plate 2 is provided with a second air guide chamber 24 and a second hydrogen guide chamber 25 (the cross-sectional area of the second air guide chamber 24 is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the second hydrogen guide chamber 25). In the second coolant diversion chamber 26, the air after the reaction of the fuel cell stack passes through the rear insulating plate air channel, is guided through the second air diversion chamber, and then returns to the fuel cell system through the air outlet 21; the hydrogen gas after the fuel cell stack reaction passes through The air channel of the insulating plate is guided through the second hydrogen diversion chamber and then returns to the fuel cell system through the hydrogen outlet 22; the coolant after heat exchange of the fuel cell stack passes through the coolant channel of the rear insulation plate and is guided by the second coolant diversion chamber. Returns to the fuel cell system through coolant outlet 23.

The first air diversion chamber, the first hydrogen diversion chamber, the first coolant diversion chamber, the second air diversion chamber, the second hydrogen diversion chamber and the second coolant diversion chamber are all fan-like cavities, so The cross-sectional area of the above-mentioned fan-shaped cavity gradually increases from the end plate medium channel to the edge of the end plate. The fan-shaped cavity is provided with a linear medium channel at the edge of the end plate, and inside the fan-shaped cavity, from the end plate medium channel to the linear medium channel There are multiple medium flow channels, and the edges of the fan-shaped cavity are arc-shaped except for the linear medium channels.

The linear medium channel (guide inlet) of the first air guide chamber 14 is consistent with the air channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the linear medium channel (guide inlet) of the first hydrogen guide chamber 15 is consistent with the fuel cell system. The hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate is fit, the linear medium channel (inlet) of the first coolant guide chamber 16 is fit with the coolant channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the second air guide chamber 24 is The linear medium channel (guide outlet) is attached to the air channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the linear medium channel (guide outlet) of the second hydrogen guide chamber 25 is attached to the hydrogen channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system. When combined, the linear medium channel (direction outlet) of the second coolant flow guide chamber 26 is aligned with the coolant channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system.

As shown in Figure 4, the upper surface of the front end plate 1 is provided with an air inlet temperature sensor interface 111 close to the air inlet 11. The side of the front end plate 1 close to the air inlet 11 is provided with an air inlet pressure sensor interface 112 and an air inlet temperature sensor. The interface 111 and the air inlet pressure sensor interface 112 are both connected to the air inlet 11 through internal channels; an air inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the air inlet temperature sensor interface, and an air inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the air inlet pressure sensor interface.

The upper surface of the front end plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface 121 close to the hydrogen inlet 12; the side of the front end plate 1 close to the hydrogen inlet 12 is provided with a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface 122, a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface 121 and a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor. The interfaces 122 are all connected to the hydrogen inlet 12 through internal channels; a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface, and a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface.

The lower surface of the front end plate 1 is provided with a coolant inlet temperature sensor interface 131 near the coolant inlet 13; the side of the front end plate 1 is provided with a coolant inlet pressure sensor interface 132 and a coolant inlet temperature sensor. The interface 131 and the coolant inlet pressure sensor interface 132 are both connected to the coolant inlet 13 through internal channels; a coolant inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the coolant inlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the coolant inlet pressure sensor interface.

As shown in Figure 5, an air outlet temperature sensor interface 211 is provided on the lower surface of the rear end plate 2 close to the air outlet 21; an air outlet pressure sensor interface 212 is provided on the side of the rear end plate 2 close to the air outlet 21. The air outlet temperature The sensor interface 211 and the air outlet pressure sensor interface 212 are both connected to the air outlet 21 through internal channels; an air outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the air outlet temperature sensor interface, and an air outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the air outlet pressure sensor interface.

The lower surface of the rear end plate 2 is provided with a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface 221 close to the hydrogen outlet 22; the side of the rear end plate 2 close to the hydrogen outlet 22 is provided with a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface 222, a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface 221 and a hydrogen outlet. The pressure sensor interface 222 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 22 through an internal channel; a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface, and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface.

The upper surface of the rear end plate 2 is provided with a coolant outlet temperature sensor interface 231 close to the coolant outlet 23; the side of the rear end plate 2 is provided with a coolant outlet pressure sensor interface 232 close to the coolant outlet 23. The temperature sensor interface 231 and the coolant outlet pressure sensor interface 232 are both connected to the coolant outlet 23 through internal channels; a coolant outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the coolant outlet temperature sensor interface, and a coolant outlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the coolant outlet pressure sensor interface. .

The thickness of the front end plate 1 and the rear end plate 2 are both greater than 20mm; the depths of the first air diversion chamber, the first hydrogen diversion chamber and the first coolant diversion chamber are the same, and are all less than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate 1. The depths of the second air guide chamber, the second hydrogen guide chamber and the second coolant guide chamber are the same, and are all less than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate 2 .

Both the front end plate 1 and the rear end plate 2 are designed with reinforcing ribs. A gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen outlet 22 of the rear end plate 2 .

When the fuel cell is running: After the air is filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified, it enters the air inlet on the upper left side of the front end plate through the channel. The air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air enters the fuel cell stack. The air inlet temperature sensor collects the pressure when the air enters the fuel cell stack. The temperature at After being buffered and guided by the second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, it flows out through the air outlet of the rear end plate. The air outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the air when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the air outlet temperature sensor collects the pressure of the air when it leaves the fuel cell stack. temperature.

When the fuel cell is running: the coolant enters the coolant inlet in the middle below the front end plate through the channel after being temperature-regulated and pressurized by the system. The coolant inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the coolant enters the fuel cell stack, and the coolant inlet temperature sensor collects the cooling fluid inlet temperature sensor. The temperature when the liquid enters the fuel cell stack; the coolant enters the first coolant diversion chamber of the front end plate after entering the coolant inlet, and then enters the fuel cell stack after being buffered and diverted by the first coolant diversion chamber; the coolant enters the fuel cell After the stack takes away the reaction heat, it is buffered and guided by the second coolant diversion chamber of the rear end plate, and then enters the coolant outlet in the middle above the rear end plate. The coolant outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the coolant when it leaves the fuel cell stack. , the coolant outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature of the coolant when it leaves the fuel cell stack.

When the fuel cell is running: hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet on the upper right side of the front end plate after decompression through the channel. The hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; the hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet. After the entrance, it enters the first hydrogen diversion chamber of the front end plate, and after being buffered and guided by the first hydrogen diversion chamber, it enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the remaining gas passes through the second hydrogen diversion chamber of the rear end plate. After the cavity is buffered and diverted, it flows out through the hydrogen outlet on the lower left side of the rear end plate. The hydrogen outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the hydrogen when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature of the remaining hydrogen when it leaves the fuel cell stack;

The remaining hydrogen passes through the gas-water separator connected to the hydrogen outlet of the rear end plate and is separated from the liquid water in the gas-water separator; after leaving the gas-water separator, the remaining hydrogen enters the hydrogen circulation pump connected to the gas-water separator; the hydrogen passes through the hydrogen After the circulation pump is pressurized, it mixes with the hydrogen at the entrance of the fuel cell stack and enters the fuel cell stack for continuous circulation.

Air inlet pressure sensor, air inlet temperature sensor, air outlet pressure sensor, air outlet temperature sensor, coolant inlet pressure sensor, coolant inlet temperature sensor, coolant outlet pressure sensor, coolant outlet temperature sensor, hydrogen inlet pressure sensor, hydrogen The inlet temperature sensor, hydrogen outlet pressure sensor, and hydrogen outlet temperature sensor feed back the collected parameters to the controller of the fuel cell stack. The controller adjusts the system operating status according to the pressure and temperature of each location and the working conditions of pressure and temperature. Make the flow rate and temperature of air, hydrogen or coolant entering the front end plate meet the target requirements.

On the basis of ensuring that the existing fuel cell stack provides assembly pressure, insulation and working medium circulation functions, the invention replaces part of the pipeline and collection functions of the fuel cell system, and especially increases the diversion and buffering functions before the reaction of the working medium. It realizes the collection of pressure and temperature of the air path, hydrogen path and cooling liquid path; the hydrogen path can realize the functions of hydrogen water separation, recycling, heating and humidification for the hydrogen in and out. It greatly simplifies the structure of the fuel cell system, reduces the system volume, facilitates maintenance, and reduces system costs; at the same time, it satisfies the adaptability of the fuel cell stack, especially the high-power fuel cell stack, to changes in working medium flow and pressure, effectively improving the performance of the fuel cell stack and fuel Battery stack service life.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those of ordinary skill in the art can also make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

The parts of the present invention that are not described in detail are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

1. An end plate for a fuel cell stack, characterized by: including a front end plate (1) and a rear end plate (2). The front end plate (1) is fixed on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell stack, and the rear end plate (2) Fixed on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell stack; There is an air inlet (11) and a hydrogen inlet (12) above the front end surface of the front end plate (1), a coolant inlet (13) is provided in the middle below, and a first air guide chamber (13) is provided on the rear end surface of the front end plate (1). 14), the first hydrogen diversion chamber (15) and the first coolant diversion chamber (16), the air inlet (11) is connected to the first air diversion chamber (14), and the hydrogen inlet (12) is connected to the first air diversion chamber (14). A hydrogen gas guide chamber (15) is connected, the coolant inlet (13) is connected with the first coolant guide chamber (16), and the guide outlet of the first air guide chamber (14) is insulated from the front of the fuel cell system. The air channel on the board is fitted, the diversion outlet of the first hydrogen diversion chamber (15) is fitted with the hydrogen channel on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the diversion outlet of the first coolant diversion chamber (16) is fitted with The coolant channel fit on the front insulating plate of the fuel cell system; There is an air outlet (21) and a hydrogen outlet (22) below the rear end surface of the rear end plate (2), a coolant outlet (23) is provided in the upper middle, and a second air guide is provided on the front end surface of the rear end plate (2). cavity (24), a second hydrogen diversion chamber (25), a second coolant diversion chamber (26), the air outlet (21) is connected to the second air diversion chamber (24), and the hydrogen outlet (22) It is connected with the second hydrogen guide chamber (25), the coolant outlet (23) is connected with the second coolant guide chamber (26), and the guide inlet of the second air guide chamber (24) is insulated from the rear of the fuel cell system. The air channel on the board is fitted, the guide inlet of the second hydrogen guide chamber (25) is fitted with the hydrogen channel on the rear insulating plate of the fuel cell system, and the guide inlet of the second coolant guide chamber (25) is fitted with the fuel cell system. Coolant channel fit on the rear insulating panel; The first air guide chamber (14), the first hydrogen guide chamber (15), the first coolant guide chamber (16), the second air guide chamber (24), the second hydrogen guide chamber ( 25) and the second coolant diversion chamber (26) are both fan-like cavities. The cross-sectional area of the fan-like cavity gradually increases from the end plate medium channel to the edge of the end plate. The fan-like cavity is provided with a straight line at the edge of the end plate. media channel, and inside the fan-shaped cavity, there are multiple media flow channels from the end plate media channel to the linear media channel, and the edges of the fan-shaped cavity except the linear media channel are arc-shaped; The linear medium channels of the first air guide chamber (14), the first hydrogen guide chamber (15) and the first coolant guide chamber (16) are guide outlets, and the second air guide chamber (24), the linear medium channel of the second hydrogen diversion chamber (25) and the second coolant diversion chamber (26) is the diversion inlet; The cross-sectional area of the first air guide chamber (14) is at least twice the cross-sectional area of the first hydrogen guide chamber (15), and the cross-sectional area of the second air guide chamber (24) is at least twice that of the second hydrogen guide chamber. 2 times the cross-sectional area of cavity (25); An air inlet temperature sensor interface (111) is provided on the upper surface of the front end plate (1) near the air inlet (11); an air inlet pressure sensor interface (112) is provided on the side of the front end plate (1) near the air inlet (11). ; The air inlet temperature sensor interface (111) and the air inlet pressure sensor interface (112) are both connected to the air inlet (11) through the internal channel; the air inlet temperature sensor interface is installed with an air inlet temperature sensor at the front, and the air inlet pressure sensor interface is installed at the front. inlet pressure sensor; An air outlet temperature sensor interface (211) is provided on the lower surface of the rear end plate (2) close to the air outlet (21); an air outlet pressure sensor interface (211) is provided on the side of the rear end plate (2) close to the air outlet (21). 212), the air outlet temperature sensor interface (211) and the air outlet pressure sensor interface (212) are both connected to the air outlet (21) through the internal channel; the air outlet temperature sensor interface is installed at the front end, and the air outlet pressure sensor interface is installed at the front end. Install air outlet pressure sensor; A hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface (121) is provided on the upper surface of the front end plate (1) near the hydrogen inlet (12); a hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface (122) is provided on the side of the front end plate (1) near the hydrogen inlet (12). , the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface (121) and the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface (122) are both connected to the hydrogen inlet (12) through the internal channel; a hydrogen inlet temperature sensor is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet temperature sensor interface, and hydrogen is installed at the front of the hydrogen inlet pressure sensor interface. inlet pressure sensor; A hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface (221) is provided on the lower surface of the rear end plate (2) near the hydrogen outlet (22); a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface (221) is provided on the side of the rear end plate (2) near the hydrogen outlet (22). 222), the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface (221) and the hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface (222) are both connected to the hydrogen outlet (22) through internal channels; a hydrogen outlet temperature sensor is installed at the front end of the hydrogen outlet temperature sensor interface, and a hydrogen outlet pressure sensor interface is installed at the front end. Install hydrogen outlet pressure sensor; The lower surface of the front end plate (1) is provided with a coolant inlet temperature sensor interface (131) near the coolant inlet (13); the side of the front end plate (1) is provided with a coolant inlet near the coolant inlet (13). The pressure sensor interface (132), the coolant inlet temperature sensor interface (131), and the coolant inlet pressure sensor interface (132) are all connected to the coolant inlet (13) through internal channels; a coolant inlet is installed at the front of the coolant inlet temperature sensor interface. A coolant inlet pressure sensor is installed at the front of the temperature sensor and coolant inlet pressure sensor interface; The upper surface of the rear end plate (2) is provided with a coolant outlet temperature sensor interface (231) near the coolant outlet (23); the side of the rear end plate (2) is provided with a cooling liquid outlet (23). The liquid outlet pressure sensor interface (232), the coolant outlet temperature sensor interface (231), and the coolant outlet pressure sensor interface (232) are all connected to the coolant outlet (23) through internal channels; the cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor interface is installed at the front end A coolant outlet temperature sensor and a coolant outlet pressure sensor are installed at the front of the interface. 2. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the front end plate (1) and the rear end plate (2) are both greater than 20 mm; The depths of a hydrogen diversion chamber and the first coolant diversion chamber are the same, and both are less than 50% of the thickness of the front end plate (1). The second air diversion chamber, the second hydrogen diversion chamber and the second coolant diversion chamber are The depths are the same and are less than 50% of the thickness of the rear end plate (2). 3. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: both the front end plate (1) and the rear end plate (2) are designed with reinforcing ribs. 4. An end plate for a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen outlet (22) of the rear end plate (2). 5. The working method of the fuel cell stack end plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps are as follows: (1) When the fuel cell is running, the air enters the air inlet on the front end plate after being filtered, pressurized, cooled and humidified. The air inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the air entering the fuel cell stack, and the air inlet temperature sensor collects the pressure of the air entering the fuel cell. The temperature of the stack; after the air enters the air inlet, it enters the first air guide cavity on the front end plate, and after being buffered and guided by the first air guide cavity, it enters the fuel cell stack air channel for reaction; after the fuel cell stack reaction, the remaining After the gas is buffered and guided by the second air guide cavity of the rear end plate, it flows out through the air outlet of the rear end plate. The air outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the air leaves the fuel cell stack, and the air outlet temperature sensor collects when the air leaves the fuel cell stack. temperature; (2) The coolant enters the coolant inlet on the front end plate after being temperature-regulated and pressurized by the system. The coolant inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when the coolant enters the fuel cell stack. The coolant inlet temperature sensor collects the pressure of the coolant entering the fuel cell stack. The temperature at After being buffered and diverted by the second coolant diversion cavity of the rear end plate, the coolant flows out through the coolant outlet of the rear end plate. The coolant outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the coolant when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the coolant outlet temperature sensor collects the coolant temperature upon leaving the fuel cell stack; (3) Hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet on the front end plate after decompression. The hydrogen inlet pressure sensor collects the pressure when hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen inlet temperature sensor collects the temperature when hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack; hydrogen enters the hydrogen inlet. The first hydrogen guide chamber of the front end plate is buffered and guided by the first hydrogen guide chamber and then enters the hydrogen channel of the fuel cell stack for reaction; after the reaction of the fuel cell stack, the remaining gas is buffered and guided by the second hydrogen guide chamber of the rear end plate. After diversion, the hydrogen gas flows out through the rear end plate hydrogen outlet. The hydrogen gas outlet pressure sensor collects the pressure of the hydrogen gas when it leaves the fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen gas outlet temperature sensor collects the temperature of the remaining hydrogen gas when it leaves the fuel cell stack; (4) Air inlet pressure sensor, air inlet temperature sensor, air outlet pressure sensor, air outlet temperature sensor, coolant inlet pressure sensor, coolant inlet temperature sensor, coolant outlet pressure sensor, coolant outlet temperature sensor, hydrogen inlet pressure The sensor, hydrogen inlet temperature sensor, hydrogen outlet pressure sensor, and hydrogen outlet temperature sensor feed back the collected parameters to the controller of the fuel cell stack. The controller adjusts the input to the front end according to the pressure and temperature of each place and the design requirements of pressure and temperature. Flow and temperature of air, hydrogen or coolant to the plate.