CN110367927B - Glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection system and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of detection and treatment of ophthalmic diseases, and particularly discloses a glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection and drug delivery system which comprises a corneal contact lens, wherein an intraocular pressure detection circuit and a drug delivery circuit are integrated in the corneal contact lens, the intraocular pressure detection circuit is used for detecting intraocular pressure information and transmitting the intraocular pressure information to a single chip microcomputer outside the corneal contact lens in a wireless mode, the single chip microcomputer judges the eye pressure according to the received information, and when the eye pressure is higher than a normal range, the single chip microcomputer wirelessly supplies power to the drug delivery circuit, and the drug delivery circuit rectifies the intraocular pressure and delivers the drug. The detection system can continuously detect the fluctuation of the intraocular pressure and the abnormal rise of the intraocular pressure for a long time, and can timely adopt an ion electrophoresis mode to carry out controllable drug delivery when the intraocular pressure exceeds a normal range, thereby ensuring the real-time detection of the intraocular pressure and timely, efficient and controllable drug treatment. In addition, the device has the advantages of portability, small stimulation to eyes, no limitation of places and time for diagnosing and treating glaucoma, high drug utilization rate and the like.

Description

Glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection system and detection method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of detection systems for ophthalmic diseases, and in particular relates to a continuous detection and treatment system for glaucoma intraocular pressure and a detection method thereof.

Background technique

Glaucoma is a common and difficult eye disease with intermittent or continuous elevation of intraocular pressure. This persistent high intraocular pressure can cause tissue damage to various parts of the eyeball, optic nerve atrophy, resulting in visual field contraction, vision loss and even blindness. What is even more worrying is that glaucoma is the leading irreversible blinding eye disease in the world, and its impact is more serious than that of cataracts. In addition, the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients can rise sharply in a short period of time, causing the patient to feel headache and eye pain. If the intraocular pressure is not controlled to a normal level in time, corneal edema and blindness can be caused in a short period of time. What's more important is that glaucoma can occur in people of any age, from newborn babies to the elderly. In addition, in human life, 90% of external information needs to be obtained through human eyes. Visual field constriction, vision loss and even blindness caused by glaucoma can greatly reduce the quality of life of patients.

Glaucoma is often caused by abnormal circulation of aqueous humor in the eye. The aqueous humor is produced in the ciliary body of the posterior chamber of the eye and flows into the anterior chamber through the pupil. There are three main channels for its discharge from the eye; the first type: about 80-90% of the aqueous humor is discharged through the trabecular meshwork channel of the anterior chamber angle, and the second: about 10-20% of the aqueous humor is discharged through the uveoscleral sclera. Channel drainage, the third type: about 5% of the aqueous humor is absorbed through the recesses on the surface of the iris, and a small amount of the remaining aqueous humor is drained through the vitreous and retina. The homeostasis achieved by the production and discharge of aqueous humor provides intraocular pressure to the eye. Appropriate intraocular pressure can maintain the shape of the eyeball and the visual function of the eye. However, excessive production of aqueous humor or obstruction of outflow can lead to an increase in intraocular pressure, and the clinical feature of glaucoma is mainly an abnormal increase in intraocular pressure. If glaucoma patients are not properly treated or treated improperly, it is easy to cause irreversible visual field constriction, visual function decline and ocular tissue damage, and then optic nerve atrophy and blindness.

At present, the treatment of glaucoma is mainly to determine the condition of glaucoma through optic disc morphological changes or frequent detection of intraocular pressure. To protect the optic nerve, if necessary, surgically remove the trabecular meshwork or part of the iris to ensure the smooth flow of the aqueous humor.

Because glaucoma has high irreversible blindness, and sudden increase in intraocular pressure can cause blindness in patients in a short period of time, it is necessary to detect glaucoma symptoms as soon as possible and accurately determine the condition, as well as effective and timely drug delivery to achieve disease control. It is a reasonable way to prevent and treat glaucoma. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of glaucoma disease require timely tracking and recording of the most risk factors for the occurrence, development and blindness of glaucoma disease, such as the daily increase and fluctuation of intraocular pressure.

At present, for the diagnosis of glaucoma, instruments such as Goldmann applanation tonometer, Schiotz indentation tonometer and non-contact tonometer are often used clinically, and intraocular pressure measurement is provided for glaucoma patients under the operation of professional physicians. . The principle of Goldmann applanation tonometry is to use sufficient force to flatten the cornea, which can measure intraocular pressure according to the size of the force required to flatten a fixed area, or according to the size of the flattened area by applying constant pressure. The working principle of the Schiotz indentation tonometer is to measure the intraocular pressure by pressing the cornea out of the depression with the weight of the tonometer weight. The non-contact tonometer is also an applanation tonometer. Its working principle is to use air pulses to provide pressure on the cornea, and to measure the intraocular pressure according to the time it takes for the cornea to be flattened to a fixed area. However, none of these applanation, indentation and non-contact tonometers can achieve continuous intraocular pressure measurement over a long period of time.

In recent years, academia and industry have proposed some intraocular pressure detection devices based on MEMS, microfluidics, photonic crystals and flexible electronic technologies. These intraocular pressure detection devices can convert the physical signal of intraocular pressure into electrical or optical signals, thereby Realize continuous intraocular pressure detection to solve the dilemma that the applanation, indentation and non-contact tonometers often used in clinical practice cannot continuously measure intraocular pressure.

At present, the clinical treatment of glaucoma mainly uses timolol, pilocarpine and other drugs in the form of eye drops to be instilled in the eyes of patients to achieve the treatment of glaucoma. However, there are many problems with this traditional ophthalmic drug delivery method:

First, the drug instilled in the eye is easily diluted or cleared by tears quickly;

Second, related studies have shown that 50% to 100% of the drugs will enter the digestive tract and blood circulatory system through the nasolacrimal duct, so the actual utilization rate of eye drop drugs is extremely low, and the retention time in the eyes is short;

Third, dripping eye drops requires certain skills and is not suitable for the elderly and disabled. In addition, some drugs for the treatment of glaucoma (such as timolol) can also cause arrhythmias and arrhythmias after entering the human circulatory system through the nasolacrimal duct. Serious consequences such as bronchospasm.

In addition to the eye-drop drug delivery method, in recent years, academia has proposed an ocular drug delivery method using contact lenses as a carrier. The contact lenses are soaked in a drug solution or the raw materials of the contact lenses and the drug are polymerized. , loading the drug on the contact lens. When a glaucoma patient wears such a drug-carrying contact lens, due to the difference in drug concentration between the contact lens and the ocular tissue, the drug molecules can be slowly released in the eye in a diffusion manner, and enter the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea or conjunctiva. part. This drug delivery method can improve the retention time of timolol, pilocarpine and other drugs in the eye, and realize the slow release of the drug.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and specifically disclose a glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection system, the detection system can continuously detect intraocular pressure fluctuations and abnormal elevation of intraocular pressure for a long time, and when the intraocular pressure exceeds In the normal range, ionophoresis is used for controllable drug delivery in a timely manner to ensure real-time detection of intraocular pressure and timely, efficient and controllable drug treatment. In addition, the detection system also has the characteristics of being portable, less irritating to the eyes, diagnosing and treating glaucoma without limitation of place and time, and high utilization rate of drugs.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention is realized according to the following technical solutions:

The continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure of the present invention includes a contact lens, an intraocular pressure detection circuit is integrated into the contact lens, and a drug delivery circuit for treating glaucoma drugs is included. The intraocular pressure detection circuit and the drug delivery circuit They are all connected with the single chip microcomputer outside the contact lens by wireless;

The intraocular pressure detection circuit is used to detect intraocular pressure information, convert the signal and transmit it to the single-chip microcomputer wirelessly, and the single-chip microcomputer judges the level of the intraocular pressure according to the received information. Wireless power supply, and the power supplied by the drug delivery circuit rectified can promote the penetration of charged glaucoma treatment drugs (timolol, pilocarpine) through the cornea into the anterior chamber of the eye in the form of a constant potential or current, causing trabeculae Reticulum cells contract, promote the discharge of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye, and achieve therapeutic effects.

As a further improvement of the above technology, the intraocular pressure detection circuit is formed by an inductive coil L1 and a capacitor C1 with a variable electrode spacing in series to form an LC resonance circuit, and the intraocular pressure detection circuit is wirelessly connected to the single-chip microcomputer through an intraocular pressure detection antenna.

As a further improvement of the above technology, the drug delivery circuit includes an inductive coil L2, a diode D2 and a fixed-value capacitor C2. The inductive coil L2 is coupled with the drug delivery antenna to realize wireless power transmission, and the drug delivery circuit is provided with a positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode of the drug delivery circuit is coated with a hydrogel containing a drug for the treatment of glaucoma.

As a further improvement of the above technology, when the capacitive pressure sensor detects that the intraocular pressure is higher than the minimum intraocular pressure threshold, the single-chip microcomputer controls the drug delivery antenna to apply an alternating electric field of a specific frequency to couple with the drug delivery circuit in the contact lens, which is The drug delivery circuit is wirelessly powered, and the minimum IOP threshold is 21 mmHg.

In the present invention, the corneal contact lens is a flexible contact lens, and its material is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), silicon hydrogel (SiH) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET), parylene or polyurethane (TPU), whose shape design can be combined with refractive technology.

In the present invention, the ophthalmic drug is pilocarpine or timolol.

In addition, the present invention also discloses the detection method of the continuous glaucoma intraocular pressure detection system, the specific steps of which are:

The intraocular pressure is detected by a capacitive pressure sensor that detects intraocular pressure and continuously monitors the changes and fluctuations of intraocular pressure;

The fluctuation of the intraocular pressure changes the distance between the capacitive plates of the capacitive pressure sensor, which causes the capacitance value to change, which in turn causes the resonant frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit to change, and converts the mechanical signal of intraocular pressure into an electrical signal;

When the AC frequency of the intraocular pressure detection antenna is close to the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit, resonance occurs, and the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit is wirelessly transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer;

The intraocular pressure change information is obtained by scanning the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure sensor; the single-chip microcomputer judges the level of intraocular pressure according to the obtained information. When the intraocular pressure is higher than the minimum threshold, the single-chip microcomputer controls the drug delivery antenna to apply a certain frequency of alternating electric field to the cornea. The drug delivery circuit in the contact lens is coupled to wirelessly power the drug delivery circuit;

The electric energy received by the drug delivery circuit is rectified by the diode D2, and the power supplied by the power can drive the pilocarpine drug molecules in the form of a constant potential or current to enter the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea, causing the trabecular meshwork cells to contract and the aqueous humor to flow out smoothly. Intraocular pressure is lowered, enabling drug delivery to treat glaucoma.

In the above step (4), the lowest threshold of intraocular pressure is 21 mmHg.

In the above step (4), the certain frequency of the alternating electric field applied by the single-chip microcomputer to control the drug delivery antenna is 10MHz-15MHz.

The corneal contact lens is a flexible contact lens, and its shape design can be combined with refractive technology.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure according to the present invention is a flexible corneal contact lens and the intraocular pressure detection circuit and drug delivery circuit contained therein. The intraocular pressure detection circuit can be used to track and record the most risk factors for the occurrence, development and blindness of glaucoma diseases such as the daily intraocular pressure increase and fluctuation of patients in a timely manner, so as to provide sufficient data for doctors and early detection and treatment of glaucoma or treatment of glaucoma. The basis for accurate diagnosis of disease development; the drug delivery circuit implements the controllable delivery of drugs by ionophoresis when the intraocular pressure is higher than the normal range, and reduces the intraocular pressure in time to ensure that the patient's intraocular pressure returns to the normal range. Therefore, the invention can effectively assist doctors to detect the occurrence of glaucoma disease early, understand the development of the disease and make an accurate diagnosis of the disease, avoid missing the best treatment opportunity due to the limitation of time and place for the detection and diagnosis of glaucoma, and at the same time realize Timely, efficient and accurate drug delivery to improve glaucoma prevention and treatment capabilities.

2. In the glaucoma intraocular pressure detection system of the present invention, the shape design of the flexible smart contact lens can be combined with refractive technology, so that the glaucoma intraocular pressure detection system can not only be used as a platform for glaucoma diagnosis and treatment, but also as a platform for glaucoma diagnosis and treatment. Can have vision correction function.

3. The glaucoma intraocular pressure detection system of the present invention has the characteristics of being portable, less irritating to the eyes, not limited by place and time for diagnosing and treating glaucoma, and high utilization rate of drugs.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

1 is a schematic structural diagram of the continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure according to the present invention (removal of ophthalmic drugs);

2 is a schematic structural diagram of the continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure according to the present invention (with ophthalmic drugs);

3 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a single chip microcomputer, an intraocular pressure detection antenna, and a drug delivery antenna in the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the intraocular pressure detection antenna and the drug delivery antenna in the present invention;

5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure according to the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the detection method of the glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection system according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between intraocular pressure fluctuation information and oscillation frequency.

Detailed ways

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 , the continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure according to the present invention includes a contact lens 10 . The delivery circuit 30 of the glue 60 , the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 and the drug delivery circuit 30 are all connected to the single-chip microcomputer 40 in a wireless manner.

The intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 is used for detecting intraocular pressure information and transmits it wirelessly to the single-chip microcomputer 40 through the intraocular pressure detection antenna 50, and the single-chip computer 40 judges the level of the intraocular pressure according to the received information. When the intraocular pressure is higher than 21 mmHg, the single-chip microcomputer 40 wirelessly supplies power to the drug delivery circuit 30 through the drug delivery antenna 31, and the power supplied by the drug delivery circuit 30 after rectification can promote the charged glaucoma treatment drug in the form of a constant potential or current ( Timolol, pilocarpine) penetrates through the cornea into the anterior chamber of the eye.

The intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 is composed of an inductive coil L1 and a capacitive pressure sensor C1 with a variable pole plate spacing in series to form an LC resonance circuit, and the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 is wirelessly connected to the single-chip microcomputer 40 through the intraocular pressure detection antenna 50, It is convenient to transmit the detected intraocular pressure information to the microcontroller.

The drug delivery circuit 30 includes an inductive coil L2 , a diode D2 , a constant value capacitor C2 , a drug delivery positive electrode 311 and a drug delivery negative electrode 312 . The inductive coil L2 is coupled with the drug delivery antenna 31 to realize wireless power transmission, the drug delivery circuit 30 is provided with a positive electrode 311 and a negative electrode 312, and the positive electrode 311 of the drug delivery circuit 30 is coated with a drug for treating glaucoma. The hydrogel drug 60.

In the present invention, the increase in the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients will cause the distance between the electrodes of the capacitive pressure sensor _C1 to become smaller, resulting in an increase in the capacitance value of the capacitive pressure sensor _C1 , which in turn causes the LC resonance circuit, the intraocular pressure detection circuit. The resonant frequency of 20 is lowered. As shown in FIG. 5 , the resonant frequency change of the intraocular pressure detection circuit is wirelessly transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 40 through the intraocular pressure detection antenna 50 . The single-chip microcomputer 40 compares the measured intraocular pressure data with 21 mmHg. If the intraocular pressure is higher than 21 mmHg (the normal human intraocular pressure range is 5 mmHg to 20 mmHg), the single-chip microcomputer 40 applies an alternating electric field of a specific frequency through the drug delivery antenna 31 as a drug delivery circuit. 30 performs wireless power supply, and the electric energy induced by the inductor coil L ₂ in the drug delivery circuit 30 is rectified by the diode D2, filtered by the fixed value capacitor C ₂ , and then promotes the charged glaucoma treatment drug (timolol) in the form of a constant potential or current. , Pilocarpine) penetrates through the cornea into the anterior chamber of the eye.

The contact lens 10 is a flexible contact lens, and its material is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), silicon hydrogel (SiH), polyparaphenylene Ethylene glycol dicarboxylate (PET), parylene or polyurethane (TPU), the shape of which can be combined with refractive technology.

The invention also discloses the detection method of the continuous detection system for glaucoma intraocular pressure, the specific steps of which are (as shown in Figure 6):

S1: The intraocular pressure is detected by the capacitive pressure sensor C1 that detects the intraocular pressure and the change of intraocular pressure is continuously monitored. The change in the intraocular pressure changes the distance between the capacitive plates of the capacitive pressure sensor C1, thereby causing the capacitance value to change, and then Cause the resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit, that is, the intraocular pressure detection circuit, to change, and convert the intraocular pressure-mechanical signal into an electrical signal;

S2: When the AC frequency of the intraocular pressure detection antenna is close to the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20, resonance will occur,

S3: the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 is wirelessly transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 40 through the intraocular pressure detection antenna 50;

S4/S5: By scanning the resonance frequency of the intraocular pressure sensor, the intraocular pressure change information is obtained. When the intraocular pressure is higher than the minimum threshold of 21mmHg, the single-chip computer 40 controls the drug delivery antenna 31 to apply a certain frequency: the alternating electric field of 10MHz to 15MHz is used for the cornea. The drug delivery circuit 30 in the contact lens 10 is wirelessly powered;

S6: _The electric energy induced by the inductive coil L2 in the drug delivery circuit 30 is rectified by the diode D2, filtered by the fixed value capacitor C2, and then promotes the charged glaucoma therapeutic drug (Timolol, Piluka) in the form of a constant potential or current product) penetrates into the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea, that is, the electric field drives the drug into the anterior chamber of the eye, enabling drug delivery to treat glaucoma.

The single chip 40 controls the drug delivery antenna 31 to apply a certain frequency of the alternating electric field to 10MHz to 15MHz. The alternating current of a certain frequency causes the drug delivery antenna to generate an alternating electromagnetic field so that the inductance coil L2 in the drug delivery circuit 30 generates an induced electromotive force, and the drug delivery circuit 30 generates an induced electromotive force. The induced electromotive force generated by the inductance coil L2 is rectified by the diode D2 and becomes a direct current to form an electric field. Drugs such as pilocarpine in the PVA hydrogel are driven out of the PVA hydrogel by the electric field, and enter the trabecular meshwork of the anterior chamber of the eye through the cornea to facilitate the passage of aqueous humor and reduce intraocular pressure.

With the gradual outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye, the intraocular pressure gradually decreases. Under the action of the gradually weakening pressure, the capacitance of the capacitive pressure sensor C1 in the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 gradually restores the two-pole plates of the capacitor from the compressed state to the normal state, and the distance between the two-pole plates of the capacitor gradually increases, so that the capacitance value gradually decreases. , causing the oscillation frequency of the intraocular pressure detection circuit 20 to return to a normal state. The oscillation frequency returned to the normal state is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 40 through the intraocular pressure detection antenna; when the intraocular pressure returns to the normal range, the single-chip microcomputer will no longer provide excitation for the drug delivery antenna, and the drug delivery circuit 30 will no longer provide for the microcomputer in the PVA hydrogel. The drug Lucarpine provides an electric field, and the trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber of the eye returns to its normal state, and so on.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or modifications of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. If these changes and modifications belong to the claims of the present invention and the equivalent technical scope, then the present invention also meant to include these changes and variants.

Claims (2)

1. Glaucoma intraocular pressure continuous detection system, its characterized in that: the intraocular pressure detection circuit and the drug delivery circuit are connected with a single chip microcomputer outside the corneal contact lens in a wireless mode, the intraocular pressure detection circuit is used for detecting intraocular pressure information, performing signal conversion on the intraocular pressure information and transmitting the intraocular pressure information to the single chip microcomputer in a wireless mode, the single chip microcomputer judges the level of intraocular pressure according to the received information, when the intraocular pressure is higher than a normal range, the single chip microcomputer wirelessly supplies power to the drug delivery circuit, and the electric energy supplied by the rectified drug delivery circuit drives ophthalmic drug molecules to enter the anterior chamber part of the eye in a constant potential or current mode so as to realize drug delivery;

the intraocular pressure detection circuit is formed by connecting an inductance coil L1 and a capacitor C1 with a variable polar plate distance in series to form an LC resonance circuit, is connected with the singlechip through an intraocular pressure detection antenna and is coupled with the intraocular pressure detection antenna to realize wireless transmission of intraocular pressure signals;

the drug delivery circuit comprises an inductance coil L2, a diode D2, a constant value capacitor C2, a drug delivery positive electrode and a drug delivery negative electrode, particularly, the inductance coil L2 is connected with the diode D2 in series and then is connected with the constant value capacitor C2 in parallel, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively arranged at two end parts of the constant value capacitor C2, the inductance coil L2 is coupled with a drug delivery antenna to realize wireless power transmission, and the positive electrode of the drug delivery circuit is coated with hydrogel drugs containing drugs for treating glaucoma;

the intraocular pressure detection circuit can continuously detect intraocular pressure and transmit a detected intraocular pressure signal to the single chip microcomputer through the intraocular pressure detection antenna in a wireless mode, the single chip microcomputer judges the intraocular pressure according to the obtained intraocular pressure information, when the detected intraocular pressure value is higher than a lowest intraocular pressure threshold value, the single chip microcomputer controls the medicine delivery antenna to apply an alternating electric field with a specific frequency to be coupled with a medicine delivery circuit in the corneal contact lens for wireless power supply, and the lowest intraocular pressure threshold value is 21 mmHg;

the corneal contact lens is a flexible contact lens, the material of the corneal contact lens is Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), silicon hydrogel (SiH), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), parylene or polyurethane (TPU), and the shape design of the corneal contact lens can be combined with a refraction technology.

2. The continuous glaucoma intraocular pressure detection system of claim 1, wherein: the ophthalmic medicine is pilocarpine medicine or timolol.

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