Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a backlight driving method and device, a display device and a storage medium, which are used for solving the technical problem that the existing backlight driving is easy to cause flicker.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a backlight driving method, including:
partitioning the image to be displayed according to the backlight distribution corresponding to the image to be displayed;
determining an initial backlight value of at least a part of subareas corresponding to the image to be displayed and a first backlight value range of the at least part of subareas;
correcting the initial backlight value of each of the at least partial partitions according to the first backlight value range of the at least partial partitions, determining the backlight value of the corrected partitions, and correcting the second backlight value range of the at least partial partitions, wherein the second backlight value range is smaller than the first backlight value range;
and controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light with corresponding brightness value according to the backlight value of the corrected subarea.
In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, first, the image to be displayed is partitioned according to the backlight distribution corresponding to the image to be displayed, then, the initial backlight value of at least part of the partitions corresponding to the image to be displayed and the first backlight value range of at least part of the partitions are determined, then, the initial backlight value of each partition is corrected according to the first backlight value range of at least part of the partitions, the second backlight value range of at least part of the partitions after correction is determined, and the second backlight value range after correction is smaller than the first backlight value range. That is, the initial backlight value of at least a partial region is corrected according to the initial backlight condition corresponding to the image to be displayed, so that the corrected second backlight value range is smaller than the first backlight value range, that is, the backlight value range corresponding to at least a partial region of the image to be displayed is reduced. Therefore, the corresponding area of the backlight module is controlled to emit light with corresponding brightness values according to the backlight values of the corrected partitions, and the brightness value range of the backlight module is reduced compared with the brightness value range corresponding to the initial backlight value of the image to be displayed, so that the technical problem that the existing backlight drive is easy to flicker is effectively solved, and the display effect of the display equipment is improved while the flicker phenomenon existing in the backlight drive is inhibited.
Optionally, the determining the second backlight value range of at least part of the partitions after the modification includes:
determining a first initial backlight value which is greater than a preset threshold value in the initial backlight values of all the at least partial partitions;
obtaining a dynamic coefficient for adjusting the initial backlight value of each partition according to the first initial backlight value;
multiplying the initial backlight value of each partition by the dynamic coefficient to determine a backlight value of the modified partition, and the second range of backlight values of at least part of the modified partition.
In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, first, a first initial backlight value greater than a preset threshold value among initial backlight values of each partition in at least part of the partitions is determined, and then a dynamic coefficient for adjusting the initial backlight value of each partition is obtained according to the first initial backlight value, and then, the initial backlight value of each partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, thereby determining a backlight value of a partition after correction, and a second backlight value range of at least part of the partitions after correction. That is to say, the dynamic coefficient for correcting the backlight value of each partition in at least part is determined according to the initial backlight condition corresponding to the image to be displayed, so that the backlight value of each partition is effectively corrected, and the accuracy of backlight driving is improved.
Optionally, the first backlight value range represents a minimum backlight value and a maximum backlight value interval in the at least part of the partitioned initial backlight values, and the second backlight value range represents a minimum backlight value and a maximum backlight value interval in the at least part of the partitioned corrected at least one of the partitioned initial backlight values.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the dynamic coefficient is a dynamic coefficient:
wherein k is the dynamic coefficient, LmaxAnd the brightness value is the brightness value corresponding to the average value of the backlight values meeting the preset condition in the first initial backlight value. In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, if the dynamic coefficient is greater than 1, it indicates that the luminance value corresponding to the image to be displayed is larger, and the backlight value corresponding to the image to be displayed is also larger, at this time, after the initial backlight value of any partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, the modified backlight value of the partition is adjusted to be larger, and in this way, the backlight range corresponding to the image to be displayed before and after modification is reduced, so that the flicker phenomenon of backlight driving can be effectively suppressed. In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, if the dynamic coefficient is less than 1, the image to be displayed corresponds to the image to be displayedThe brightness value is smaller, the corresponding backlight value is smaller, at this time, after the initial backlight value of any partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, the corrected backlight value of the partition is adjusted to be smaller, and in this way, the backlight range corresponding to the image to be displayed before and after correction is reduced, so that the flicker phenomenon of backlight driving can be effectively inhibited.
Optionally, the controlling, according to the backlight value of the corrected partition, a corresponding region of the backlight module to emit light with a corresponding brightness value includes:
convolving the backlight value of the modified subarea with a light diffusion function to obtain a smoothed backlight value, wherein the light diffusion function is used for representing the optical characteristics of the backlight module in a corresponding area;
and controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light according to the brightness value corresponding to the smoothed backlight value.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the light diffusion function for representing the optical characteristics of the backlight module in the corresponding area is used for carrying out convolution with the backlight value of the partition after correction, so that the effective simulation of the actual backlight condition is realized, and the backlight effect is further ensured.
Optionally, after obtaining the smoothed backlight value, the method further comprises:
and compensating the pixel value of each subarea of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain the pixel value after corresponding subarea compensation.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the pixel value of each subarea of the image to be displayed is compensated according to the smoothed backlight value, and the pixel value compensated by the corresponding subarea is obtained, so that the display effect of the image to be displayed is improved.
Optionally, the compensating the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain a pixel value after corresponding partition compensation includes:
carrying out nonlinear compensation on the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain a nonlinear compensation result of the corresponding partition;
enhancing the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed by using a contrast-limited histogram equalization method to obtain a contrast-limited histogram equalization result;
and compensating the pixel values of the corresponding to-be-displayed image subareas according to the nonlinear compensation result and the contrast limited histogram equalization result to obtain the pixel values after the corresponding subarea compensation.
In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the image to be displayed is enhanced by using a contrast-limited histogram equalization method, and the obtained processing result is combined with the nonlinear compensation result to compensate the pixel values of the corresponding partitions of the image to be displayed, so that the display effect of the image to be displayed is improved.
Optionally, after obtaining the respective partition compensated pixel values, the method further comprises:
and controlling the display panel to display the image to be displayed according to the pixel values compensated by the corresponding partitions.
Optionally, the determining an initial backlight value of at least a partial region corresponding to the image to be displayed includes:
determining pixel values for each of the at least partial partitions;
and determining the average value of the pixel values of each partition as the initial backlight value of the corresponding partition.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a backlight driving apparatus, including: the backlight driving method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer programs, and the processor is used for reading the programs in the memory and executing the steps of the backlight driving method.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a display device, including: display panel, backlight module, as above-mentioned backlight drive arrangement.
In a fourth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the backlight driving method described above.
Detailed Description
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the technical features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of driving a backlight according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically, the method includes:
s101: partitioning the image to be displayed according to the backlight distribution corresponding to the image to be displayed;
in a specific implementation process, firstly, an image to be displayed is determined, and then, the image to be displayed is partitioned. Specifically, the image to be displayed is partitioned according to its backlight distribution. For example, the image to be displayed is partitioned into 3 × 3 or 4 × 4.
S102: determining an initial backlight value of at least a part of subareas corresponding to the image to be displayed and a first backlight value range of the at least part of subareas;
in a specific implementation process, the first backlight value range is specifically an initial backlight condition of at least a partial region corresponding to an image to be displayed. Specifically, after the image to be displayed is partitioned, the pixel value of each partition in at least a part of the partitions corresponding to the image to be displayed is determined. Then, the pixel values within each partition are used to calculate the initial backlight value of the respective partition, specifically, the average value of the pixel values of each partition is taken as the initial backlight value of the corresponding partition. Then, a minimum backlight value and a maximum backlight value of the at least partial region initial backlight values are determined, and a first backlight range representing an interval of minimum backlight value and maximum backlight value values is determined. Similarly, when at least part of the sub-areas are all sub-areas corresponding to the image to be displayed, the backlight value range of all the sub-areas can be determined, for example, 100 to 255.
S103: correcting the initial backlight value of each of the at least partial partitions according to the first backlight value range of the at least partial partitions, determining the backlight value of the corrected partitions, and correcting the second backlight value range of the at least partial partitions, wherein the second backlight value range is smaller than the first backlight value range;
in a specific implementation process, the second backlight value range corresponds to the backlight value range after at least partial partition correction. Specifically, after determining the backlight value of the modified sub-region, a minimum backlight value and a maximum backlight value are determined, and a second backlight value range representing the interval of the minimum backlight value and the maximum backlight value.
In the embodiment of the invention, the initial backlight value of at least partial subareas is directly corrected according to the initial backlight condition corresponding to the image to be displayed, so that the corrected backlight value range is smaller than the initial backlight value range. For example, the first backlight value range is 100 to 255, and the second backlight value range is 240 to 255. Namely, the backlight value range corresponding to at least partial partition of the image to be displayed is reduced. Therefore, the technical problem that the display effect of the display device is influenced due to the fact that the existing backlight drive is easy to flicker is effectively solved, and the display effect of the display device is improved while the flicker phenomenon existing in the backlight drive is restrained.
S104: and controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light with corresponding brightness value according to the backlight value of the corrected subarea.
In a specific implementation process, because the second backlight value range of at least part of the partitions after the correction is smaller than the first backlight value range (i.e. the initial backlight value range) of the partition corresponding to the image to be displayed, the luminance value range corresponding to the backlight value range after the correction of at least part of the partitions is reduced compared with the luminance value range corresponding to the initial backlight value range of the partition corresponding to the image to be displayed, so that the flicker phenomenon is effectively inhibited.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second backlight value range of at least part of the partitions after the modification may be determined specifically by the following manner, which is shown in fig. 2:
s201: determining a first initial backlight value which is greater than a preset threshold value in the initial backlight values of all the at least partial partitions;
s202: obtaining a dynamic coefficient for adjusting the initial backlight value of each partition according to the first initial backlight value;
s203: multiplying the initial backlight value of each partition by the dynamic coefficient to determine a backlight value of the modified partition, and the second range of backlight values of at least part of the modified partition.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the initial backlight value of each partition may be traversed, and a first initial backlight value greater than a preset threshold is determined. The first initial backlight value is a plurality of backlight values meeting the condition, and the preset threshold value can be a value set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs. For example, the backlight value with the larger value among the initial backlight values of at least part of the partitions is determined. In the embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic coefficient k for adjusting the initial backlight value of each partition is obtained according to the first initial backlight value. In the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic coefficient k is calculated by the following formula:
in the embodiment of the present invention, after determining a first initial backlight value, in which an initial backlight value of each of at least some of the partitions is greater than a preset threshold, a backlight value meeting a preset condition is determined according to the first initial backlight value. For example, the preset condition is a backlight value with a larger proportion of the first initial backlight value to the first 5% of the value, and of course, a person skilled in the art can set the preset condition according to actual needs. After backlight values meeting preset conditions in all the partitions are determined, the brightness value L corresponding to the corresponding mean value is determinedmax。
In the implementation, the brightness value LmaxDifferent values are often corresponding to different scenes, and the dynamic coefficient k is determined according to the scene brightness of the image to be displayedThe dynamic coefficient k will vary from 0.6 to 3.0 in this embodiment. That is, the brightness distribution of different images to be displayed is different, and the corresponding dynamic coefficient k is also different.
In a specific implementation process, after a dynamic coefficient used for correcting a partition corresponding to an image to be displayed is determined, the initial backlight value of each partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient k, and then the backlight value of the partition after correction is determined. In this way, the minimum value and the maximum value are determined from the backlight values of the modified sub-areas, and the second backlight value range of at least part of the modified sub-areas is determined. For example, when the first backlight value range is 10 to 100 and the dynamic coefficient k is 0.6, the second backlight value range is 6 to 60 after the correction, and the range is less than 10 to 100. Of course, when at least part of the partitions are all partitions, the backlight value ranges of all the partitions after correction can be determined by the same processing method, and then the correction of all the backlight value ranges can be realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the dynamic coefficient for correcting the backlight value of each subarea is determined according to the initial backlight condition corresponding to the image to be displayed, so that the backlight value of each subarea is effectively corrected, and the accuracy of backlight driving is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining a dynamic coefficient for adjusting an initial backlight value of each partition according to the first initial backlight value, the method further includes:
and if the dynamic coefficient is determined to be larger than 1, multiplying the initial backlight value of any partition by the dynamic coefficient, and determining that the backlight value of the partition after correction is larger than the initial backlight value of the partition.
In a specific implementation process, if the dynamic coefficient is greater than 1, it indicates that the luminance value corresponding to the image to be displayed is larger, and the backlight value corresponding to the luminance value is also larger, at this time, after the initial backlight value of any partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, the modified backlight value of the partition will be adjusted to be larger, for example, the initial backlight value of a partition of the image to be displayed is 160, and the dynamic coefficient k is 2, the modified backlight value is 255 (because the maximum value cannot exceed 255). Therefore, the backlight value corresponding to the image to be displayed before and after correction is reduced, and the flicker phenomenon of backlight driving can be effectively inhibited.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining a dynamic coefficient for adjusting an initial backlight value of each partition according to the first initial backlight value, the method further includes:
and if the dynamic coefficient is less than 1, multiplying the initial backlight value of any partition by the dynamic coefficient, and determining that the backlight value of the partition after correction is less than the initial backlight value of the partition.
In this embodiment, if the dynamic coefficient is smaller than 1, it indicates that the luminance value corresponding to the image to be displayed is smaller and the backlight value corresponding to the luminance value is also smaller, and at this time, after the initial backlight value of any partition is multiplied by the dynamic coefficient, the modified backlight value of the partition is adjusted to be smaller. For example, if the initial backlight value of the b-partition of the image to be displayed is 50, and the dynamic coefficient k is 0.6, the backlight value after the correction is 30, and thus, the backlight value corresponding to the image to be displayed after the correction is reduced, thereby effectively suppressing the flicker phenomenon of the backlight driving.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the dynamic coefficient k can be dynamically adjusted according to different scene brightness of the images to be displayed, the same partition brightness range of different frames can be adjusted after the same correction method is adopted for the images to be displayed of different frames. For example, the initial backlight value corresponding to the C-partition of the image C to be displayed is 150, and the corrected backlight value is 255; the initial backlight value of the C partition of the image to be displayed D of the frame adjacent to the image to be displayed C is 100, and the corrected backlight value is 255. The difference of the backlight values of the two frames of images to be displayed in the c subarea before the correction is 50, the difference of the backlight values of the two frames of images to be displayed in the c subarea after the correction is 0, and the backlight of the c subarea after the correction has no flicker. Therefore, for the same subarea, no flicker exists between adjacent frame images, and the display effect is good.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the backlight effect, please refer to fig. 3, step S104: controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light with corresponding brightness value according to the backlight value of the corrected subarea, comprising:
s301: convolving the backlight value of the modified subarea with a light diffusion function to obtain a smoothed backlight value, wherein the light diffusion function is used for representing the optical characteristics of the backlight module in a corresponding area;
s302: and controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light according to the brightness value corresponding to the smoothed backlight value.
In the specific implementation process, due to the light diffusion imagination, in order to avoid the blocking phenomenon, before the backlight module is controlled to emit light, the light diffusion function used for representing the optical characteristics in the corresponding area of the backlight module is convoluted with the backlight value of the subarea after the correction to obtain the smoothed backlight value, so that the effective simulation of the actual backlight condition is realized. And then, controlling the corresponding area of the backlight module to emit light according to the brightness value corresponding to the smoothed backlight value, thereby ensuring the backlight effect.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve a display effect of an image to be displayed, after obtaining the smoothed backlight value, the method further includes:
and compensating the pixel value of each subarea of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain the pixel value after corresponding subarea compensation.
In a specific implementation process, the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed is compensated according to the smoothed backlight value, and the pixel value after corresponding partition compensation is obtained, so that the display effect of the image to be displayed is improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the display effect of the image to be displayed, as shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of compensating the corresponding partition pixels of the image to be displayed by using a nonlinear compensation and contrast-limited histogram equalization method is shown. Specifically, the compensating the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain a corresponding partition compensated pixel value includes:
s401: carrying out nonlinear compensation on the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value to obtain a nonlinear compensation result of the corresponding partition;
s402: enhancing the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed by using a contrast-limited histogram equalization method to obtain a contrast-limited histogram equalization result;
s403: and compensating the pixel values of the corresponding partitions of the image to be displayed according to the nonlinear compensation result and the contrast limited histogram equalization result to obtain the pixel values after the corresponding partitions are compensated.
In a specific implementation process, nonlinear compensation is performed on the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed according to the smoothed backlight value, so as to obtain a nonlinear compensation result of the corresponding partition. Specifically, the following nonlinear compensation formula may be adopted:
wherein BLfullIndicating that the backlight is fully bright, 255. BLi,j’Indicating the backlight brightness after backlight smoothing, Yi,jRepresenting a pre-compensation pixel value; y isi,j,The pixel value after compensation is represented, and gamma can be any value of 2.1-2.3, for example, gamma can be 2.2 when a television and a mobile phone normally display.
In a specific implementation process, a contrast-limited histogram equalization method is specifically utilized to enhance the pixel value of each partition of the image to be displayed, so as to obtain a contrast-limited histogram equalization result. And then, according to the nonlinear compensation result and the contrast limited histogram equalization result, compensating the pixel values of the corresponding to-be-displayed image partition to obtain the pixel values after the corresponding partition compensation. The pixel values after the corresponding partition compensation are obtained by adopting the following formula:
Yi,j=Li,j×Ni,j+(1-Li,j)×Ci,j
wherein L isi,jBacklight value (i.e. smoothed backlight value), N, for the actual backlight simulation corresponding to a pixel pointi,jAs a result of the non-linear compensation, Ci,jIs the contrast limited histogram equalization result.
That is, in the implementation process, the nonlinear compensation result and the contrast-limited histogram are combined together according to the actual backlight simulation result (i.e., the smoothed backlight value), and the image to be displayed is enhanced. By adopting the method, the proportion of the contrast-limited histogram equalization result of the low-brightness area is larger, so that the pixel value of the low-brightness area in the corrected image is lower. The proportion of the nonlinear compensation result of the high-brightness area is larger, so that the pixel value of the high-brightness area in the corrected image is higher, the display contrast of the corrected image is improved, and the display effect of the image is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the pixel values after the corresponding partition compensation are obtained, the display panel is controlled to display the image to be displayed according to the pixel values after the corresponding partition compensation. Thereby improving the display effect of the image to be displayed.
Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a backlight driving apparatus, and the computer apparatus can implement the method in the foregoing embodiments.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic structural diagram of a backlight driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the computer device includes: a processor 10, a memory 20, a transceiver 30, and a bus interface.
The processor 10 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 20 may store data used by the processor 10 in performing operations. The transceiver 30 is used to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 10.
The bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with one or more processors represented by processor 10 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 20 being linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The processor 10 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 20 may store data used by the processor 10 in performing operations.
The process disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the processor 10, or implemented by the processor 10. In implementation, the steps of the signal processing flow may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware or instructions in the form of software in the processor 10. The processor 10 may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or the like that implement or perform the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the route updating method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 20, and the processor 10 reads the information in the memory 20 and completes the steps of the signal processing flow in combination with the hardware thereof.
Specifically, the processor 10 is configured to read a program in the memory 20 and execute any step of the route updating method.
Based on the same inventive concept, please refer to fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a structural schematic diagram of the display device. The display device includes: a display panel 40, a backlight module 50, and the backlight driving device 60.
Based on the same technical concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium on which the computer program is stored. The computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any of the steps described in the aforementioned backlight driving method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.