CN110398468A - Gas detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of gas-detecting device, including shell and the detection unit and signal processing circuit that are set in the housing, detection unit includes luminescence unit, gas passage and light sensor unit, luminescence unit is irradiated under test gas, light sensor unit detects the light Jing Guo under test gas, and signal processing circuit is for analyzing the gas component for including under test gas or particulate matter component.The present apparatus can be used for detecting the gas component content in air, can be also used for the content of the particulate matter in detection air, and testing result accuracy is high.Moreover, the gas-detecting device structure is simple, microminaturization may be implemented, it is easy to carry and use.

Description

Gas detection device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to a gas detection device.

Background technique

Air pollution poses a great threat and harm to people's health, and has received more and more attention and attention. The smog formed by air pollution mainly includes various harmful gases such as SO ₂ , CO, NO ₂ , O ₃ , and NO discharged in the air, as well as fine particles such as PM2.5 and PM10. How to dynamically know the composition of smog has become one of the issues that people care about in their daily lives.

Existing gas detection devices can detect the composition of smog, but the detection results are inaccurate, the detection range is small, the structure is complicated, and it is difficult to meet people's needs.

It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present invention, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a gas detection device to solve one or more problems existing in the existing detection devices.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a gas detection device is provided, including a housing, a detection unit and a signal processing circuit disposed in the housing, and the detection unit includes:

Lighting unit;

A gas channel, used to accommodate the gas to be measured, is located on the light-emitting optical path of the light-emitting unit;

An optical sensor unit, located on the light-emitting optical path of the light-emitting unit, and at least on the side of the gas channel away from the light-emitting unit, for receiving light emitted by the light-emitting unit and passed through the gas channel unit and generate a signal; the signal processing circuit is connected to the optical sensor;

Wherein, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit is the maximum absorption band of the target gas component, and the signal processing circuit calculates the content of the target gas component in the gas to be measured in response to the signal of the optical sensor unit;

Or, the light emission band of the light emitting unit is any wave band, and the signal processing circuit calculates the content of the target particle component in the gas to be measured in response to the signal of the optical sensor unit.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit and the signal processing circuit each include at least three groups, and are set in one-to-one correspondence;

The light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit of one group of detection units is any wave band, and one group of signal processing circuits responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit to calculate the content of the target particulate matter component in the gas to be measured;

The light-emitting bands of the light-emitting units of the other groups of detection units are the maximum absorption bands of the target gas components, and the light-emitting bands are different, and the signal processing circuits of the other groups respond to the signals of the optical sensor units to calculate the Describe the content of the target gas component in the gas to be measured.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gas detection device further includes:

a transparent first substrate and a second substrate oppositely arranged;

Wherein, each of the light-emitting units is located on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; each of the gas channels is located between the first and second substrates, and each of the optical sensor units is at least disposed on A side of the second substrate faces the first substrate.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gas detection device further includes:

A plurality of shading members are arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and are respectively located between two adjacent groups of the gas passages and the optical sensor units, and are used to shield the adjacent two groups of the gas passages and the optical sensor units. sensor unit;

Wherein, the gas channel is surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate and two adjacent light-shielding members.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each of the light emitting units is a single-band light source;

Or, each of the light-emitting units is a white light source, and each of the detection units shares the same white light source; some of the detection units also include a filter, and the filter is located between the first substrate and the white light source between and corresponding to the gas channel.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each of the gas channels communicates with each other, and each of the light-emitting units is a single-band light source;

Or, each of the gas channels communicates with each other, and each of the light emitting units is a white light source, and some of the detection units further include a filter, and the filter is located between the first substrate and the white light source between.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the single-band light source is a single-band light-emitting diode light source or a quantum dot light source; the material of the optical filter is a quantum dot material.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the optical sensor unit of each group of detection units includes a plurality of optical sensors, and the plurality of optical sensors are respectively arranged in the corresponding gas channel toward the second substrate. One side of the first substrate and the inner walls of two adjacent shades.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, some of the detection units further include a light collimation component, and the light collimation component is arranged between the light emitting unit and the gas channel.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gas detection device further includes a gas circulation system, and the gas circulation system communicates with the gas channel.

The gas detection device of the present invention uses a light-emitting unit to irradiate the gas to be tested, uses an optical sensor unit to detect the light passing through the gas to be tested, and uses a signal processing circuit to calculate, which obtains the gas components or particle components contained in the gas to be tested . The device can be used to detect the content of gas components in the air, and can also be used to detect the content of particulate matter in the air, which can meet people's detection requirements for different detection objects. At the same time, the gas detection device uses the principle of light absorption or scattering by the detection object to detect, and the detection result is highly accurate. Moreover, the gas detection device has a simple structure, can be miniaturized, and is easy to carry and use.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of gas detecting device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of detection unit;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of light scattering by particles with different diameters;

Fig. 4 is a first structural schematic diagram of multiple detection units;

Fig. 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of multiple detection units;

Fig. 6 is the sectional view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of multiple detection units.

In the figure, 1. Detection unit; 2. Housing; 3. First substrate; 4. Second substrate; 5. Shading member; 6. Gas circulation system; 7. Switch; 8. Display window; 9. Plastic frame; 11. Light-emitting unit; 12. Gas channel; 13. Optical sensor unit; 14. Optical filter; 15. Light collimation component; 111. Single-band light source; 112. White light source; 121. Air inlet; ; 131. Optical sensor.

Detailed ways

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a gas detection device, which can be used to detect various gas components, such as SO ₂ , CO, NO ₂ , O ₃ , NO, etc., and can also be used to detect various particulate matter, such as PM2 .5, PM10, etc., will not be listed here.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the gas detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 2 , a detection unit 1 and a signal processing circuit disposed in the housing 2 . Referring to Fig. 2, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of the detection unit 1 in the air intake direction, including a light emitting unit 11, a gas passage 12 and an optical sensor unit 13; The sensor unit 13 is also located on the light-emitting optical path of the light-emitting unit 11, and is located at least on the side of the gas channel 12 away from the light-emitting unit 11, for receiving light emitted by the light-emitting unit 11 and passing through the gas channel 12 and generating signals; The processing circuit is connected to the optical sensor unit 13 . Wherein, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit 11 includes the maximum absorption band of the target gas component, and the signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit 13 to calculate the content of the target gas component in the gas to be measured; or, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit 11 is any The signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit 13 to calculate the content of the target particle component in the gas to be measured.

Each gas absorbs different wavelengths of light differently, and each gas component has its own maximum absorption band for the absorption of light. The effectiveness of the target harmful gas in the air can be judged by the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the gas and the degree of absorption. None and content. For example: the maximum absorption band of O ₃ is 245nm; the maximum absorption band of NO ₂ is 300-500nm; the maximum absorption band of SO ₂ is 190-390nm; the maximum absorption band of NO is 225-230nm; the maximum absorption band of CO ₂ is 4.26um; the maximum absorption band of CO is 1.567um. Use the light-emitting unit 11 to emit light including the maximum absorption band, and let the light pass through the gas to be measured. After the gas to be measured absorbs the light, use the optical sensor unit 13 to detect the absorbed light, and use the signal processing circuit to calculate the maximum absorption band. The corresponding gas component content, because different gases absorb light of a specific wavelength differently, the detected light intensity is different, the signal processing circuit can calculate the content of the target gas component in the air according to the light intensity signal.

Take NO ₂ as an example to illustrate the detection principle. NO ₂ has a strong absorption of 300-500nm light. The incident light takes light with a wavelength of about 400nm as an example. The content of NO ₂ is inversely proportional to the absorption rate of 400nm wavelength. A database is established for NO ₂ with different contents, and then based on the measured values, the NO ₂ content is obtained through benchmarking analysis.

When light encounters particles, it will be scattered, and the scattering angles of light striking particles with different diameters are different. In order to simplify the model, all the particles are placed in the same position, and the light-emitting unit 11 is used to emit light of a certain wavelength, only the diameter of the particles is changed, and the scattering of particles with different diameters is decomposed and simulated as shown in Figure 3. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that for particles with different diameters, the degree of light scattering is obviously different. The larger the particles, the more complex the scattering angle and the stronger the scattering. The angles and intensities detected by the optical sensor unit 13 at different positions are also different. Are not the same. The signal processing circuit can calculate the content of the target size particles in the air according to the light intensity signal, and the content distribution of different size particles can be known in one detection unit 1.

The gas detection device in the embodiment of the present invention can be used to detect the content of gas components in the air, and can also be used to detect the content of particulate matter in the air, which can meet people's detection requirements for different detection objects. At the same time, the gas detection device uses the principle of light absorption or scattering by the detection object to detect, and the detection result has high accuracy. Moreover, the gas detection device has a simple structure, can be miniaturized, and is easy to carry and use.

The gas detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below:

In one embodiment, the detection unit 1 and the signal processing circuit each include at least three groups, and the three groups of signal processing circuits are respectively connected to the optical sensor units 13 in the detection unit 1 of the three groups in a one-to-one correspondence. As shown in Figure 4, one group of detection units 1 and signal processing circuits are used to obtain the content of target size particles, such as the rightmost detection unit. The light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit 11 can be any band, that is, light of any color, such as white light, red light, blue light, etc.; its corresponding signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit 13 to calculate the target particle group in the gas to be measured content of points. The remaining groups of detection units 1 are used to obtain the content of different target gas components, for example, the five detection units on the left. The light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit 11 corresponds to the maximum absorption band of different target gas components, and the signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit 13 to calculate the content of the corresponding target gas component in the gas to be measured. As a result, simultaneous detection of gas components and particulate matter can be realized on one detection device, and multiple different gas components can be detected at the same time to improve detection efficiency.

The number of detection units 1 can be determined according to the number of types of detection targets. The positions of a plurality of detection units 1 can be arranged side by side in a row as shown in the figure, and measured in parallel, so as to reduce the inaccuracy factors brought in the measurement process. In other embodiments, they can also be arranged in other forms. The positions of the detection units 1 corresponding to different detection targets can be arranged as required. Correspondingly, the signal processing circuit may also include other numbers, corresponding to the detection units one by one.

The specific structure of multiple detection units can refer to Fig. 4-Fig. 5, including a first substrate 3 and a second substrate 4 oppositely arranged and transparent, serving as the supporting components of the light emitting unit 11 and the optical sensor unit 13. Specifically, each light-emitting unit 11 is located on the side (upper side) of the first substrate 3 away from the second substrate 4, and each optical sensor unit 13 is at least disposed on the side (upper side) of the second substrate 4 facing the first substrate 3. . Correspondingly, each gas channel 12 is located between the first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4. The upper and lower positions of each group of light-emitting units 11, gas channels 12 and optical sensor units 13 correspond one by one to ensure that the light emitted by the light-emitting units 11 from top to bottom is detected by the optical sensor unit 13 after passing through the gas channels 12.

The first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4 can be selected from quartz glass or relatively high-temperature-resistant transparent substrates, transparent substrates such as glass and resin, or other transparent substrates such as polyester compounds or transparent paper. The thickness of the substrate is determined according to actual needs, and this application does not specifically limit the material and thickness of the substrate. Since the light-emitting unit 11 is located on the upper side of the first substrate 3, the upper surface of the first substrate 3 is required to have better flatness and parallelism to prevent interference to light.

In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 4-FIG. 5, the gas detection device may further include a plurality of shading members 5, and the shading members 5 are arranged between the first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4, and are respectively located in two adjacent groups. Between the gas channel 12 and the optical sensor unit 13 . One of the functions of the light shielding member 5 is that it can be used to form the gas channel 12. Each gas channel 12 is surrounded by the first substrate 3, the second substrate 4 and two adjacent left and right light shields 5, so that no other materials forming the gas channel 12 can be disposed. A plurality of shading members 5 surround a plurality of independent gas channels 12, and different gas channels 12 can be used to detect different target components. The second function of the shading member 5 is to completely isolate the adjacent two groups of gas channels 12 from the optical sensor unit 13, to prevent cross-color between different detection units 1, and to ensure the wavelength purity in each gas channel 12. The third effect of the shading member 5 is that it can be used to fix the height of the gas channel 12, so as to ensure the accuracy of the space volume in the calculation range. The fourth effect of the shading member 5 is to isolate the influence of ambient light and stray light on the test. The light-shielding member 5 is made of a material with good light-shielding performance, such as black matrix materials commonly used in display panels, specifically titanium-based black pigments, graphite, etc. These materials have a very high light absorption rate and have an ideal light-shielding effect. The height and width of the shading member 5 are set according to actual needs, and there are no special requirements here. Similarly, the plastic frame 9 can also be coated on the outside of the second substrate to prevent the influence of ambient light on the detection unit.

When each detection unit 1 includes an independent gas channel 12, each light emitting unit 11 can be a single-band light source 111, which is correspondingly arranged above the first substrate 3 of the corresponding channel, as shown in FIG. 4 . For the detection unit 1 intended to detect gas components, the emission band of the single-band light source 111 is the same as the maximum absorption band of the target gas component, and the single-band light sources 111 corresponding to different target gas components are different; For the detection unit 1 , the single-wavelength light source 111 is used to provide stable light to the corresponding gas channel 12 , and there is no requirement for the wavelength band, which may be the same as or different from other light-emitting units 11 . Using the single-band light source 111 can directly provide the light of the target band, which meets the detection requirements and facilitates the independent control of the light source. Corresponding to the maximum absorption bands of different gases, the single-band light source 111 can be a band, such as 300-500nm, or a single wavelength, such as 245nm. Specifically, the single-band light source 111 can be a single-band light-emitting diode light source or a quantum dot light source, both of which can be integrated and miniaturized, and are convenient for application in small-sized detection equipment.

Of course, each light-emitting unit 11 can also be a light source including multiple maximum absorption bands, such as a white light source 112. At this time, for the detection unit 1 intended to detect gas components, an optical filter 14 needs to be provided to allow only specific The wavelength band passes, and the light of other wavelength bands is reflected, as shown in Figure 5. For the detection unit 1 intended to detect particulate matter components, an optical filter 14 may or may not be provided. The filter 14 may be located between the first substrate 3 and the white light source 112 and corresponds to the gas channel 12 . Each detection unit 1 can share the same white light source 112 to save the light source, or use a separate white light source 112 to facilitate the independent control of the light source. The material of the optical filter 14 can be a quantum dot material, and the spectral range of the quantum dot material can cover the range from 200nm to about 5 μm. Therefore, the above wavelengths can all meet the requirements through the quantum dot material. Specifically, it can be a water-soluble quantum dot structure synthesized by CdZnSe/ZnS, or a colloidal quantum dot structure such as CdS or CdSe or ZnS soluble in organic matter, of course, it can also be other quantum dot structures, as long as it meets the requirements. Quantum dot size can be controlled To adjust the different transmission wavelengths. The material of the optical filter 14 can also be other special gratings or waveguide grating resonant micro-nano structures.

In one embodiment, referring to FIGS. 4-5 , the optical sensor unit 13 of each group of detection units 1 may include a plurality of optical sensors 131, and each optical sensor 131 is respectively arranged in the corresponding gas channel 12 toward the second substrate 4. One side of the first substrate 3 and inner walls of two adjacent light shielding members 5 are respectively arranged on the bottom surface, the left side wall and the right side wall of the gas channel 12 . For the detection unit 1 that detects particulate matter, there are many scattering directions of light, and the optical sensor 131 arranged on three sides can detect optical signals in different directions to obtain more accurate detection results. Of course, in other embodiments, the optical sensor unit 13 of the detection unit 1 can also be arranged only on the side of the second substrate 4 facing the first substrate 3 in the corresponding gas channel 12, that is, on the bottom surface of the gas channel 12. As far as the detection unit 1 of the component is concerned, since most of the light is emitted from top to bottom, and what is detected is light absorption, only one side of the sensor can also obtain more accurate detection results. The optical sensor 131 may specifically use a CCD detector, a CMOS detector, a PIN detector, etc., and there is no special limitation here.

Since the gas passage 12 has a certain length, in order to make the detection result more accurate, with reference to Fig. 6, each side can also include a plurality of optical sensors 131, and the array is arranged, so that the light absorption or light absorption at different positions in the certain length passage can be obtained. Scattering signals can be used to calculate the average content of a certain component in a certain volume of air, and more accurate detection results can be obtained.

In one embodiment, referring to Fig. 7, the gas passages 12 of the detection units 1 of the gas detection device can also communicate with each other to form a whole through passage. The light emitting unit 11 and the light sensor unit are still arranged correspondingly one by one up and down. For the detection unit 1 intended to detect gas components, since the gas channel 12 is not separated, in order to ensure that the problem of cross-color does not occur during detection, only one target gas component can be detected at a time, that is, only one gas is allowed The light corresponding to the maximum absorption band passes through, therefore, each light emitting unit 11 in the detection unit 1 for detecting gas components needs to be independently controlled. For the detection unit 1 intended to detect particulate matter components, it is also necessary to ensure that the detection will not be interfered by other detection units 1, and will not interfere with other detection units 1, therefore, its light emitting unit 11 also needs to be able to be independently controlled.

Specifically, each light-emitting unit 11 can be a single-band light source 111, or all can be a white light source 112, and the detection unit 1 for detecting gas components also includes an optical filter 14, and each optical filter 14 is located at the first Between a substrate 3 and the white light source 112 . The setting positions, structures, and materials of the single-band light source 111, the white light source 112, and the filter 14 are the same as those of the independent structures of the gas channels 12, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that each detection unit 1 in this structure has an independent White light source 112 for independent control. During detection, only one of the light sources (single-band light source 111 or white light source 112) is turned on each time. Through timing control, the detection of different gas components and particle components can be realized.

In one embodiment, the detection unit 1 for detecting particulate matter components also includes a light collimation assembly 15, referring to Fig. 5, for making the light entering the gas channel 12 parallel light, so as to obtain more accurate detection results. The most ideal direction of the parallel light passing through the light collimation assembly 15 is the direction perpendicular to the two substrates. The light collimating component 15 can adopt a separate collimator, and also can adopt a structural unit with a collimating function. The light collimating component 15 can be arranged between the light emitting unit 11 and the gas channel 12 , for example, between the first substrate 3 and the light emitting unit 11 , or under the first substrate 3 (top of the gas channel 12 ).

Referring to FIG. 6, the gas detection device in this exemplary embodiment may also include a gas circulation system 6, and correspondingly, the gas channel 12 includes an air inlet 121 and an air outlet 122 (only one of them is shown in the figure, and the others are the same) , the gas circulation system 6 communicates with the gas inlet 121 and the gas outlet 122 respectively. The gas circulation system 6 is used to make the gas to be detected flow in the gas channel 12, and accelerate the flow, so that the rapid accuracy of detection can be ensured in a short period of time. The gas circulation system 6 can specifically adopt a micromechanical pump or other similar devices.

Referring to Fig. 1, a switch 7 and a display window 8 may also be provided on the housing 2 of the gas detection device in this exemplary embodiment, and the display window 8 is used to display information such as detected target gas content and particulate matter index.

The inner wall of the gas channel 12 in this exemplary embodiment is not provided with a protective layer on the inner wall of the optical sensor 131, so that the gas to be detected will not react with the cavity of the gas channel 12 or damage the cavity of the gas channel 12, ensuring The detection device can be used repeatedly.

Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another component, these terms are used in this specification only for convenience, for example, according to the description in the accompanying drawings directions for the example described above. It will be appreciated that if the illustrated device is turned over so that it is upside down, then elements described as being "upper" will become elements that are "lower". When a structure is "on" another structure, it may mean that a structure is integrally formed on another structure, or that a structure is "directly" placed on another structure, or that a structure is "indirectly" placed on another structure through another structure. other structures.

The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc; the terms "comprising" and "have" are used to indicate an open The inclusive meaning and means that additional elements/components/etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements/components/etc.

Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present invention, these modifications, uses or adaptations follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed in the present invention . The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention indicated by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A gas detection device, characterized in that it comprises a housing and a detection unit and a signal processing circuit arranged in the housing, and the detection unit comprises: Lighting unit; A gas channel, used to accommodate the gas to be measured, is located on the light-emitting optical path of the light-emitting unit; An optical sensor unit, located on the light-emitting optical path of the light-emitting unit, and at least on the side of the gas channel away from the light-emitting unit, for receiving light emitted by the light-emitting unit and passed through the gas channel unit and generate a signal; the signal processing circuit is connected to the optical sensor; Wherein, the light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit is the maximum absorption band of the target gas component, and the signal processing circuit calculates the content of the target gas component in the gas to be measured in response to the signal of the optical sensor unit; Or, the luminescence band of the luminescence unit is any wavelength band, and the signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit to calculate the content of the target particle component in the gas to be measured. 2. The gas detection device according to claim 1, wherein the detection unit and the signal processing circuit each comprise at least three groups, and are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; Wherein the light-emitting band of the light-emitting unit of one group of detection units is any band, and one group of the signal processing circuit responds to the signal of the optical sensor unit to calculate the content of the target particle component in the gas to be measured; The light-emitting bands of the light-emitting units of the other groups of detection units are the maximum absorption bands of the target gas components, and the light-emitting bands are different, and the signal processing circuits of the other groups respond to the signals of the optical sensor units to calculate the Describe the content of the target gas component in the gas to be measured. 3. The gas detection device according to claim 2, wherein the gas detection device further comprises: a transparent first substrate and a second substrate oppositely arranged; Wherein, each of the light-emitting units is located on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; each of the gas channels is located between the first and second substrates, and each of the optical sensor units is at least disposed on A side of the second substrate faces the first substrate. 4. The gas detection device according to claim 3, wherein the gas detection device further comprises: A plurality of shading members are arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and are respectively located between two adjacent groups of the gas passages and the optical sensor units, and are used to shield the adjacent two groups of the gas passages and the optical sensor units. sensor unit; Wherein, the gas channel is surrounded by the first substrate, the second substrate and two adjacent light-shielding members. 5. The gas detection device according to claim 4, wherein each of the light-emitting units is a single-band light source; Or, each of the light-emitting units is a white light source, and each of the detection units shares the same white light source; some of the detection units also include a filter, and the filter is located between the first substrate and the white light source between and corresponding to the gas channel. 6. The gas detection device according to claim 3, wherein each of the gas channels communicates with each other, and each of the light emitting units is a single-band light source; Or, each of the gas channels communicates with each other, and each of the light-emitting units is a white light source, and some of the detection units further include a filter, and the filter is located between the first substrate and the white light source between. 7. The gas detection device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the single-band light source is a single-band light-emitting diode light source or a quantum dot light source; the material of the optical filter is a quantum dot material. 8. The gas detection device according to claim 4, wherein the optical sensor unit of each group of detection units includes a plurality of optical sensors, and the plurality of optical sensors are respectively arranged in the corresponding gas channels. A side of the second substrate facing the first substrate and inner walls of two adjacent light-shielding members. 9 . The gas detection device according to claim 2 , wherein some of the detection units further include a light collimation component, and the light collimation component is arranged between the light emitting unit and the gas channel. 10. The gas detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the gas detection device further comprises a gas circulation system, and the gas circulation system communicates with the gas channel.