CN110469311B - Dynamic expansion coarse crack network visualization device under simulated confining pressure condition - Google Patents
Dynamic expansion coarse crack network visualization device under simulated confining pressure condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 39
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic expansion rough crack network visualization device under a simulated confining pressure condition, which comprises at least one crack simulation unit, wherein a plurality of crack simulation units are communicated through a multi-angle adapter to form a complex and various crack network; the crack simulation unit comprises a square sealed shell, a first observation window made of transparent materials is arranged on the back of the shell, a movable plate parallel to the back of the shell is arranged in the shell, the movable plate is parallel to the back of the shell and divides the inner space of the shell into two independently sealed chambers, the movable plate can move back and forth to change the distance between the movable plate and the back of the shell, and a second observation window made of transparent materials is arranged on the movable plate; a formation pressure simulation liquid inlet is formed in the front surface of the shell; the left side and the right side of the shell are provided with fracturing fluid inlets and outlets. The device provided by the invention comprehensively considers the simulation confining pressure, dynamically expanded multi-angle steps, multi-angle inclination and multi-angle steering fracture network proppant visual sedimentation rules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a visualization device for dynamically expanding a rough fracture network under a simulated confining pressure condition.
Background
Along with the mass exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs at home and abroad, more and more low-permeability and compact oil and gas reservoirs are difficult to exploit in a conventional mode, so the research and development of novel technologies of the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs at home and abroad are the focus of attention of current oil engineers. The development of the hydraulic fracturing technology for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, particularly shale and compact gas reservoirs, has invisibly emerged at home and abroad in recent decades. The successful application of hydraulic fracturing technology ensures the effective development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Meanwhile, the oil and gas pattern in the world opens new chapters. Volume fracturing technology in hydraulic fracturing technology systems is a favorable means for the development of low-permeability and compact oil and gas reservoirs nowadays. The principle of the volume fracturing technology is that a main crack and multi-stage secondary cracks are formed through pad fluid or the main crack and natural secondary cracks are communicated to form a complex crack network. Secondly, the sand-carrying fluid is pumped into the complex fracture net for supporting. The effective support of the proppant in the complex fracture network can improve the higher flow conductivity of oil and gas seepage, so that the unconventional compact oil and gas reservoir obtains higher yield.
Based on the process, experimental research for simulating the transport of the propping agent in the fracture is developed at home and abroad, for example: patent ZL201310023290.7 discloses a hydraulic fracturing proppant settlement and permeability testing device; patent ZL201220133225.0 discloses a simulation experiment device for carrying sand in liquid in a gap; patent ZL 201420093980.X discloses an experimental device for simulating proppant settlement and laying in a fracturing fracture; patent number ZL 201420093980.X discloses an experimental device for simulating proppant settlement and laying in a fracturing fracture. The disadvantages of the prior physical experiment device are as follows: (1) are both vertical or horizontal cracks; (2) the height of the crack is fixed; (3) the crack cannot be diverted; (4) the crack cannot be inclined; (5) the width of the crack is constant (cannot be dynamically changed); (6) fracture wall face is simplified to glass plate (not roughness of rock); (7) the glass panel wall did not take into account the fluid loss of the rock. Moreover, all devices do not consider the design of the loading confining pressure structure. The simplified design greatly reduces the real condition of the proppant transportation in the fracture. While capable of reflecting to some extent the transport laws of proppants, the transport laws are quite different from those in devices that actually reduce formation conditions. Therefore, the research on the dynamically-expanded transport law in different types of cracks and under a certain confining pressure condition is particularly important.
And judging the complex fracture network form based on means such as microseisms, indoor hydraulic fracturing experiments and the like. The fracture forms of the fracture are mainly divided into (1) rectangular vertical/horizontal fractures with equal width, (2) wedge-shaped vertical/horizontal fractures with unequal width, (3) stepped vertical/horizontal fractures with unequal height, (4) one-row vertical/horizontal fractures with constantly changed advancing direction, and (5) wedge-shaped vertical/horizontal fractures with different spatial positions. It has been found through investigations that both domestically and internationally are essentially laboratory studies conducted in the type of static cracks of the type (1), the disadvantages of which have been proposed above. Therefore, in order to truly reduce the proppant laying transport law in the formation condition device, a transport law research and research device which can dynamically expand in different types of fractures and under a certain confining pressure condition is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing experimental device for spreading the propping agent is too simplified, the actual condition of the propping agent in the fracture is greatly reduced, and the obtained experimental conclusion is different from the transport rule of the device for really reducing the formation condition, and provides a visual device for dynamically expanding a rough fracture network under the simulated confining pressure condition.
The proppant paving device comprises at least one fracture simulation unit, wherein a plurality of fracture simulation units are communicated through a multi-angle adapter to form a complex and various fracture network; the crack simulation device further comprises at least one mounting base, and each crack simulation unit is mounted on one mounting base.
The crack simulation unit comprises a square sealing shell, and a first observation window made of a transparent material is arranged on the back of the shell. A movable plate parallel to the back of the shell is arranged in the shell, the movable plate is parallel to the back of the shell and divides the internal space of the shell into two independently sealed chambers, and a first chamber is formed between the back of the shell and the movable plate and used for simulating a crack; a second chamber is formed between the front surface of the shell and the movable plate. The movable plate can move back and forth to change the distance between the movable plate and the back of the shell. And a second observation window made of transparent material is arranged on the movable plate, and the laying characteristics of the sand layer are observed through the two observation windows.
And the front surface of the shell is provided with a formation pressure simulation liquid inlet communicated with the second cavity, and the formation pressure simulation liquid enters the second cavity to generate pressure on the movable plate so as to simulate formation pressure. The opening and closing process of the crack is simulated by controlling the size of the formation pressure to enable the movable plate to be far away from or close to the back of the shell. The front surface of the shell is also provided with a displacement sensor for measuring the width of the crack; the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell are provided with a fracturing fluid inlet and a fracturing fluid outlet which are communicated with the first chamber; and a fracturing fluid inlet and a fracturing fluid outlet of each fracture simulation unit are connected with the conversion joint and are communicated with the adjacent fracture simulation units through the conversion joints. When the pressure of the crack is greater than the pressure of the stratum, the crack is opened, and the movable plate is far away from the back of the shell; when the pressure of the crack is smaller than the pressure of the stratum, the crack is closed, and the movable plate is close to the back of the shell.
The three connectors are provided with flanges, and the flanges are connected with a fracturing fluid inlet and a fracturing fluid outlet of the fracture simulation unit through the flanges. The three-way joint comprises a main pipe body and branch pipe bodies, the included angles between the branch pipe bodies and the main pipe body are not fixed, and the included angles with different angles can be processed as required.
Preferably, the front face of the shell is opened and provided with a sealing cover plate, and the cover plate is fixedly connected with the shell through screws. Two stratum pressure simulation liquid inlets which are symmetrical about a central point are formed in the cover plate, and the displacement sensor is positioned on the cover plate; the middle part of the back of the shell is hollowed, and a first observation window made of transparent materials is installed.
Preferably, the movable plate comprises a square plate frame and a second observation window made of transparent materials and arranged in the plate frame. A sealing ring is arranged on one end of the peripheral side face of the plate frame, which is close to the second cavity; the movable plate is characterized in that pulleys are mounted on at least two opposite side faces of the peripheral side faces of the plate frame, the pulleys are close to one end of the cavity, a sliding groove is formed in the inner wall face of the shell, the sliding groove is in contact with the pulleys, and the pulleys slide along the sliding groove under the pressure action of the formation pressure simulation liquid to realize the back-and-forth movement of the movable plate.
Preferably, the first observation window and the second observation window are made of transparent organic glass, and the inner surfaces of the two observation windows are set to be smooth wall surfaces or rough wall surfaces. The rough wall surface is obtained by 3D printing, and the rough wall surface is fixed on the inner surfaces of the first observation window and the second observation window through fasteners, so that the actual wall surface of the crack is simulated.
Preferably, the main pipe body and the branch pipe body are in an isosceles trapezoid block shape, a liquid flow channel is hollow inside the isosceles trapezoid, two bottom side openings of the isosceles trapezoid, which are parallel to each other, are used as liquid inlets and outlets, a strip-shaped opening is formed in one side surface of the middle part of the main pipe body, the strip-shaped opening is parallel to the bottom side of the main pipe body, the strip-shaped opening is connected with one bottom side opening of the branch pipe body, and the other bottom side opening of the branch pipe body and the two bottom side openings of the main pipe body, which are parallel to each other, are respectively connected with a fracturing liquid inlet and a fracturing liquid outlet of the fracture simulation unit through flanges; the cross sections of the inner runners of the main pipe body and the branch pipe bodies are rectangular, the bottom side openings are connected with the flanges, and the length and the width of each rectangular opening are equal to the height and the width of a crack of the crack simulation unit to be connected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the proppant spreading device is a visual large-scale confining pressure adding, dynamic expansion multi-angle ladder, multi-angle inclination and multi-angle steering wedge-shaped fracture network proppant spreading device which considers factors such as processing design of other four fracture types, wall surface design of fractures, confining pressure design of fractures, fluid loss design of fractures and the like, and fills the blank of research objects and research methods.
The method not only realizes the variable height of the crack, but also enlarges the height change range of the crack and the height change range of the secondary crack, meets the condition of seam networks with different heights of complex cracks on site, and provides favorable research conditions for the laying condition of the proppant at the seam networks with different crack heights. Particularly, a favorable experimental basis is provided for theoretical research; according to the invention, the uniquely processed visual shell is nested at the periphery of the visual crack, and the uniform compression of the periphery of the crack is realized by injecting water with different volumes. The invention adopts a unique design of simulating the formation confining pressure, and realizes the transportation function of the visual proppant under different confining pressure conditions. Secondly, the method adopts the unique design of calibrating the filtration of the visual window by combining the existing filtration experiment with the existing filtration experiment, and adopts the 3D printing wall surface to be embedded in the visual window, thereby truly restoring all real processes of formation fracture expansion, filtration and proppant transportation. Meanwhile, the device has the functions of variable-angle branch cracks, arbitrary assembly and disassembly of the branch cracks and crack loss filtration.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the proppant placement device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a fracture simulation unit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a crack simulation unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the position of a formation pressure simulation liquid inlet of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the adapter of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the rough wall of the second observation window.
Reference numbers in the figures:
the device comprises a 1-crack simulation unit, a 2-conversion joint, a 3-fracturing fluid injection pipe, a 4-formation pressure simulation liquid pipeline, a 5-installation base, a 6-cover plate, a 7-shell, an 8-displacement sensor, a 9-plate frame, a 10-observation window II, a 11-formation pressure simulation liquid inlet, a 12-sealing element, a 13-screw, a 14-observation window I, a 15-connecting hole, a 16-fracturing fluid inlet and outlet, a 17-branch pipe body, an 18-flange, a 19-main pipe body, a 20-rough wall surface, a 21-fastening piece screw, a 22-cavity I, a 23-cavity II, a 24-sealing ring, a 25-pulley and a 26-chute.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the proppant placement device provided by the invention comprises at least one fracture simulation unit 1, wherein a plurality of fracture simulation units 1 are communicated through a multi-angle adapter 2 to form a complex and various fracture network; the crack simulation device also comprises at least one mounting base 5, and each crack simulation unit 1 is mounted on one mounting base 5. The multi-angle branch seam and seam net can be simulated by combining a plurality of seam simulation units 1.
The crack simulation unit 1 comprises a square sealing shell 7, the front face of the shell 7 is opened and provided with a sealing cover plate 6, and the cover plate 6 is fixedly connected with the shell 7 through a screw 13 and sealed through a sealing piece 12. The cover plate 6 is also provided with a displacement sensor 8 for measuring the width of the crack. The middle of the back of the shell 7 is hollowed, and a first observation window 14 made of transparent material is arranged in the shell 7 and clings to the back of the shell.
A movable plate parallel to the back of the shell is arranged in the shell 7 and consists of a square plate frame 9 and a second observation window 10 made of transparent materials and arranged in the plate frame 9. The movable plate is parallel to the back of the shell 7 to divide the inner space of the shell into two independently sealed chambers, and a chamber I22 is formed between the back of the shell 7 and the movable plate and used for simulating cracks formed by fracturing. A second chamber 23 is formed between the front surface of the housing 7 and the movable plate. The movable plate can move back and forth to change the distance between the first observation window 14 and the second observation window 10. The laying characteristics of the sand layer are observed through two observation windows.
Two stratum pressure simulation liquid inlets 11 which are symmetrical about a central point and communicated with the second cavity 23 are formed in the cover plate 6, and the simulation liquid inlets 11 are connected with the stratum pressure simulation liquid pipeline 4. And the second chamber 23 is used as a pressure control chamber, and the formation pressure simulation liquid is injected into the second chamber 23 through the formation pressure simulation liquid pipeline 4 to generate pressure on the movable plate so as to simulate the pressure applied to the cracks by the formation. The opening and closing process of the crack is simulated by controlling the size of the formation pressure to enable the movable plate to be far away from or close to the back of the shell 7. And the left side and the right side of the shell 7 are provided with a fracturing fluid inlet and outlet 16 and a connecting hole 15 which are communicated with the first chamber 22. And a fracturing fluid inlet and outlet 16 of the fracture simulation unit 1 is connected with the adapter 2 and is communicated with the adjacent fracture simulation unit 1 through the adapter 2. And a fracturing fluid inlet of the first fracture simulation unit 1 into which the fracturing fluid flows is connected with a fracturing fluid injection pipe 3. When the pressure of the crack is greater than the pressure of the stratum, the crack is opened, and the movable plate is far away from the back of the shell 7; when the fracture pressure is less than the formation pressure, the fracture closes and the mobile plate is close to the back of the housing 7. The system is used for simulating the whole dynamic process that a fracture net is pressed and opened in the fracturing process and the fracture is closed under the action of the formation pressure after fracturing is finished, the transparent observation window displays the distribution rule of the sand layer in the whole process, and the laying characteristic of the sand layer is reflected by a scientific means.
As shown in fig. 5, the adapter 2 is a three-way adapter, and flanges 18 are provided at three interfaces. Connecting holes 15 on the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell 7 are matched with flanges for use, so that the connection between the interface of the adapter 2 and a fracturing fluid inlet and outlet of the crack simulation unit 1 is realized. The three-way joint comprises a main pipe body 19 and a branch pipe body 17, the included angle between the branch pipe body and the main pipe body is not fixed, the included angles with different angles can be processed as required, and the preferred included angle is 90 degrees. The main pipe body and the branch pipe body are in an isosceles trapezoid block shape, the inside of the isosceles trapezoid is hollow and is a liquid flow channel, two bottom edge openings of the isosceles trapezoid, which are parallel to each other, are used as a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, one side surface of the middle part of the main pipe body is provided with a strip-shaped opening, the strip-shaped opening is parallel to the bottom edge of the main pipe body, the strip-shaped opening is connected with one bottom edge opening of the branch pipe body, and the other bottom edge opening of the branch pipe body and the two bottom edge openings of the main pipe body, which are parallel to each other, are respectively connected with a fracturing liquid inlet and a fracturing liquid outlet of the fracture simulation unit 1 through flanges; the cross sections of the inner runners of the main pipe body and the branch pipe bodies are rectangular, the bottom side openings are connected with the flanges, and the length and the width of each rectangular opening are equal to the height and the width of a crack of the crack simulation unit 1 to be connected. The adapter 2 can be designed into different angles and different flange sizes, so that natural transition of the crack units with different heights is realized, expansion of the seam net is realized, and different types of seam net structures are formed.
Where flange 18 may also be connected to a blind plate to complete the seam net termination. The adapter 2 is integrally formed of a transparent material, and may be integrally formed with the flange or may have a separate structure. By replacing the adapter 2 with different corners and flanges, the change of the crack corners, the main cracks and the secondary cracks with different heights is realized.
As one preferable mode, a sealing ring 24 is arranged at one end of the peripheral side face of the plate frame 9 of the movable plate, which is close to the second chamber 23; one ends of at least two opposite side surfaces of the peripheral side surfaces of the plate frame 9, which are close to the first cavity 22, are provided with pulleys 25, the inner wall surface of the shell 7, which is in contact with the pulleys, is provided with a sliding groove 26, and the pulleys slide along the sliding groove to realize the back and forth movement of the movable plate. Through setting up the sealing washer in order completely isolated two cavities, avoid two interior liquid convection of cavity to mix.
The first observation window 14 and the second observation window 10 are made of transparent organic glass, and the inner surfaces of the two observation windows can be set to be smooth walls or rough walls. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the rough wall surface 20 is obtained by 3D printing. The preparation method of the rough wall surface comprises the following steps: firstly, sampling the rock, then fracturing the crack under hydraulic pressure, then scanning the surface of the rock crack by laser, digitizing the surface of the rock crack, and finally printing out the real surface of the rock crack through 3D for experimental equipment. The rough wall surface 20 is fixed on the inner surface of the second observation window 10 through a fastener screw 21, so that the actual wall surface condition of the crack is simulated. Different crack resistance conditions can be simulated by replacing the rough wall 20.
The working principle of the proppant paving device provided by the invention is as follows:
firstly, under the condition of setting confining pressure and the stage number of stepped cracks, fracturing fluid is injected into the crack simulation unit 1 through the fracturing fluid injection pipe 3, the pressure in the cracks is increased, the cracks are opened, and the spreading state of the proppant in the cracks can be conveniently observed through transparent organic glass.
The use method of the proppant paving device comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sand carrying liquid according to experimental requirements;
(2) preparing a propping agent required by an experiment;
(3) setting the confining pressure of the crack as a certain value, and setting the stage number and the step height of the step crack;
(4) setting each level of branch seams, adjusting to the angle to be tested, and closing all the visual seam widths;
(5) checking the cleanliness in the paving device;
(6) firstly, injecting clear water into the paving device for circulation, checking the sealing property of the device, and emptying the device after confirming that the sealing property is good;
(7) uniformly mixing the sand-carrying liquid and the propping agent in a sand mixing tank to form a mixed liquid; injecting the mixed liquor into a paving device by using a pump according to the required discharge capacity of an experimental scheme;
(8) in the experimental process, the laying process of the proppant is observed, and the laying state of the proppant is recorded.
After the test is finished, the experimental device is cleaned, and the next group of experiments are prepared.
In conclusion, the invention provides a visual large-scale confining pressure and dynamic expansion fracture network proppant paving device. The device has not only realized that the crack height is variable, and the altitude variation of cracked, the altitude variation scope of secondary fracture increases, the seam net condition that complicated crack height at scene differs has been satisfied, still can be through the visual shell of the peripheral nested unique processing of visual crack, through the water yield of pouring into different volumes, main crack and secondary fracture even pressurized have been realized, the nonlinear linkage of main crack has been realized, main crack (0-360) different azimuth rotation and secondary fracture (0-360) different azimuth rotation have been realized, favorable experimental basis has been proposed for theoretical research.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A dynamic expansion rough fracture network visualization device under a simulated confining pressure condition is characterized by comprising a plurality of fracture simulation units, wherein the fracture simulation units are communicated through a multi-angle adapter to form a complex and various fracture network;
the crack simulation unit comprises a square sealed shell, wherein a first observation window made of transparent materials is arranged on the back of the shell, a movable plate parallel to the back of the shell is arranged in the shell, the movable plate is parallel to the back of the shell and divides the inner space of the shell into two independently sealed chambers, a first chamber is formed between the back of the shell and the movable plate and is used for simulating cracks, a second chamber is formed between the front of the shell and the movable plate, the movable plate can move back and forth to change the distance between the movable plate and the back of the shell, a second observation window made of transparent materials is arranged on the movable plate, and the laying characteristics of a sand layer are observed through the two observation windows; a formation pressure simulation liquid inlet communicated with the second cavity is formed in the front face of the shell, and the formation pressure simulation liquid enters the second cavity to generate pressure on the movable plate so as to simulate formation pressure; the opening and closing process of the crack is simulated by controlling the size of the formation pressure to enable the movable plate to be far away from or close to the back of the shell; the front surface of the shell is also provided with a displacement sensor for measuring the width of the crack;
the three connectors are provided with flanges which are connected with a fracturing fluid inlet and a fracturing fluid outlet of the fracture simulation unit; the tee joint comprises a main pipe body and branch pipe bodies, and the included angles between the branch pipe bodies and the main pipe body are variable and can be processed into included angles with different angles according to requirements; the main pipe body and the branch pipe body are in an isosceles trapezoid block shape, the inside of the isosceles trapezoid is hollow and is a liquid flow channel, two bottom edge position openings of the isosceles trapezoids which are parallel to each other are used as a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, one side surface of the middle part of the main pipe body is provided with a strip-shaped opening, the strip-shaped opening is parallel to the bottom edge of the main pipe body, the strip-shaped opening is connected with one bottom edge opening of the branch pipe body, and the other bottom edge opening of the branch pipe body and the two bottom edge openings of the main pipe body which are parallel to each other are respectively connected with a fracturing liquid inlet and a fracturing liquid outlet of the fracture simulation unit through flanges; the cross sections of the inner runners of the main pipe body and the branch pipe bodies are rectangular; the length and the width of the rectangular opening are equal to the height and the width of the crack simulation unit to be connected;
the adapter is designed into different angles and different flange sizes, so that natural transition of the crack units with different heights is realized, expansion of the seam net is realized, and different types of seam net structures are formed; the change of the crack corner, the main crack and the secondary crack at different heights is realized by replacing the adapter joints with different corner sizes and different flange sizes; the flange is connected with the blind plate to finish the net sewing termination;
the first observation window and the second observation window are made of transparent organic glass, and the inner surfaces of the two observation windows are set to be smooth wall surfaces or rough wall surfaces; the rough wall surface is obtained by 3D printing, and the preparation method of the rough wall surface comprises the following steps: firstly, sampling a rock, then cracking a crack by hydraulic pressure, then scanning the surface of the rock crack by laser, digitizing the surface of the rock crack, and finally printing out the real surface of the rock crack by 3D; the rough wall surface is fixed on the inner surfaces of the first observation window and the second observation window through fasteners, so that the actual wall surface of the crack is simulated;
the left side surface and the right side surface of the shell are provided with a fracturing fluid inlet and a fracturing fluid outlet which are communicated with the first chamber; the inlet and the outlet of the fracturing fluid are connected with the crossover joints and are communicated with the adjacent crack simulation units through the crossover joints;
when the pressure of the crack is greater than the pressure of the stratum, the crack is opened, and the movable plate is far away from the back of the shell; when the pressure of the crack is smaller than the pressure of the stratum, the crack is closed, and the movable plate is close to the back of the shell.
2. The device for visualizing the dynamically-expanded rough fracture network under the simulated confining pressure condition as recited in claim 1, wherein the housing is open at the front and is provided with a sealing cover plate, a formation pressure simulation liquid inlet is formed in the cover plate, and the displacement sensor is mounted on the cover plate; the middle part of the back of the shell is hollowed, and a first observation window made of transparent materials is installed.
3. The apparatus for visualizing the dynamically-extended rough fracture network under simulated confining pressure as recited in claim 1, wherein said movable plate comprises a square plate frame and a second observation window made of transparent material and mounted in the plate frame.
4. The visualization device for dynamically expanding the rough fracture network under the simulated confining pressure condition as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising at least one mounting base, wherein each fracture simulation unit is fixedly mounted on one mounting base.
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