CN110630304B - A hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions and an exhaust grouting method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions and an exhaust grouting method thereof, wherein the hollow anchor rod comprises an expansion shell anchor head, an anchor rod, an expansion shell sheet, an expansion shell, a steel plug, a grout stop plug, a grouting pipe, a backing plate, a nut and a plug; the exhaust grouting method comprises the following steps: firstly, when the hollow anchor rod is used for a side wall or a part of an anchor hole which is inclined downwards, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is downwards placed into the anchor hole formed by a drill bit, the expansion shell anchor head props against the bottom of the anchor hole, and then, the processes of grouting in the anchor rod and slurry discharge and exhaust of the anchor hole opening are adopted; and (II) when the arch part or the anchor hole is inclined upwards and the elevation angle is larger than 30 degrees, adopting a grouting pipe with an anchor orifice for grouting, and a shell expansion anchor head for grouting and exhausting. The invention has strong anchoring function, can instantly reach the strength required by stretching, is convenient and safe to operate, and reduces the construction safety Yang Tc The anchor head is flexible in opening size, and the prediction induction chip is convenient to install, so that the function of measuring geological disasters is realized.

Description

A hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions and an exhaust grouting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to geological exploration and building support technology, and in particular relates to a hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions and an exhaust grouting method thereof.

Background Art

Traditional anchor rods are generally simple hollow rods with anchor holes. After drilling an anchor hole on a rock or building with a drill bit, the traditional anchor rod is placed in the anchor hole, and mortar is injected through the anchor hole at one end of the anchor rod that is exposed outside the anchor hole. The gas and grout are discharged from the small holes of the grout plug. The grouting mortar and the rock debris around the anchor hole can easily block the small holes of the grout plug, resulting in poor gas discharge, increased grouting pressure, and difficulty for slurry to enter the anchor hole, resulting in the inability to connect the anchor rod in the anchor hole with the rock layer around the inner wall of the anchor hole, making it impossible to achieve grouting and achieve the full-length bonding required by the design.

In addition, due to the design defects of the expansion head, traditional expansion anchor rods need to be pulled repeatedly before they can open, and their instantaneous pull-out resistance cannot meet the design requirements. Also, because traditional anchor rods cannot simply and quickly open the expansion head and instantly reach the strength required for tensioning, more manpower is required during operation. First, more than three people are required to send the anchor rod into the anchor hole and support the anchor rod. Another person is required to use a grouting machine to grout, and there is always a worry that the anchor rod will fall out of the anchor hole, which poses a great safety risk in construction. Moreover, traditional anchor rods cannot automatically adjust the expansion shell when they reach the bottom of the anchor hole, and the opening size of the anchor head is limited. The prediction chip cannot be tightly combined with the rock formation and cannot measure changes in geological disasters, as well as information such as the density of grouting and the length of the anchor rod. This will cause the anchor rod in soft strata to fall off, making it impossible to achieve tensioning or geological prediction functions.

To this end, it is necessary to develop a hollow anchor rod and its exhaust grouting method that have both geological detection and anchoring functions, which can be used for the protection of railway tunnels, highway tunnels, high slopes, underground building support, power station and urban medium and high-rise building foundation pit support, river dam and bridge pier embankment reinforcement, and play a good anchoring effect. It also has powerful geological prediction functions, including: real-time detection of underground rock pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature, etc., and the relevant data is uploaded at any time after calculation by the front-end processor; a number of such hollow anchor rods are arranged according to the cross section, and the anchor rod grouting flow data, anchor rod length, rock pressure changes, etc. are recorded and analyzed at any time to predict and prevent geological disasters.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, a hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is specially designed and manufactured. The anchoring function is powerful and can instantly reach the required tensioning strength. The operation is convenient and safe. One person can complete operations such as drilling, anchoring, and grouting, thereby reducing construction safety risks. The opening size of the anchor head is flexible and the predictive sensing chip is convenient to install, so as to realize the measurement of geological disaster prediction, the density of grouting, the length of the anchor rod, etc.

Another object of the present invention is to design a venting grouting method for the hollow anchor rod so that the grouting is full and the grouting pressure is low, thereby truly achieving smooth venting grouting, full-length bonding of the anchor rod, and excellent anchoring function.

Technical solution: A hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions, including an expansion shell anchor head, an anchor rod, an expansion shell sheet, a steel plug, a grouting plug, a grouting pipe, a pad, a nut, and a plug. The expansion shell anchor head is installed at the top of the hollow anchor rod, connected and fixed to the anchor rod through the expansion shell sheet and the steel plug, and is provided with a prediction sensor chip and an exhaust and grouting groove; a through anchor rod inner hole is provided in the anchor rod, and a prediction sensor module and a signal transmission line are provided inside the anchor rod inner hole; an anchor head inner hole is provided inside the expansion shell anchor head, and the anchor head inner hole and the anchor rod inner hole are mutually connected; The plug is arranged at the other end of the anchor rod away from the expansion shell anchor head, and the signal transmission line is connected to the plug; the grouting plug is sleeved on the anchor rod to fix the anchor rod and facilitate the sealing of the anchor hole formed by the drill bit; the pad is installed at the rear end of the grouting plug, the grouting pipe passes through the pad and the grouting plug, and the nut is tightened at the rear end of the pad to push and consolidate the grouting plug and the pad; the outside of the plug is also connected to a geological disaster early warning sensor module, a power supply device, a charging device, an information exchange module and an information ground receiving and processing system connected via wireless remote connection.

Preferably, the expansion shell pieces are two semi-cylindrical pieces with stepped holes inside and stepped circles outside. The front parts of the two expansion shell pieces are respectively buckled with the annular grooves at the rear part of the expansion shell anchor head, and the outer surfaces are welded and fixed to the expansion shell and the expansion shell anchor head, and the rear part thereof extends from below the rear part of the expansion shell; the interior of the steel plug is threadedly mounted on the anchor rod, and the front end of the external conical surface is embedded in the stepped hole inside the expansion shell piece.

Furthermore, shell expansion grooves of matching sizes are opened at corresponding positions on the outer surfaces of the shell expansion anchor head and the shell expansion sheet, and the shell expansion grooves are embedded therein by welding, so that the shell expansion anchor head and the shell expansion sheet are connected and fixed externally front and back.

Preferably, the stepped hole inside the shell expansion piece includes a cylindrical hole and a trapezoidal conical hole; the shape of the steel plug is a trapezoidal cone, and the front end of the external conical surface is embedded in the trapezoidal conical hole inside the shell expansion piece. When the shell expansion anchor head is delivered to the bottom of the anchor hole, the exhaust and slurry discharge groove at the top of the shell expansion anchor head supports the bottom of the anchor hole. At this time, the operator supports the anchor rod and rotates it gently. Since the steel plug is pushed and rotated with the anchor rod, the front end of the steel plug is embedded in the trapezoidal conical hole inside the shell expansion piece. The driving force and rotational force of the steel plug cause the shell expansion piece at the corresponding position of the trapezoidal conical hole to be pushed and expanded outward. After the expansion, the shell expansion piece is combined with the rock layer on the inner wall of the anchor hole. Because the shell expansion head and the anchor rod are connected and the shell expansion piece is expanded and stuck in the rock layer, it instantly reaches the strength required for tensioning, preventing the anchor rod from falling downward. Therefore, one person can complete the whole process from drilling, anchoring to grouting, saving manpower, improving efficiency, and reducing construction safety risks.

Preferably, the sizes of the expansion shell anchor head, the expansion shell sheet and the anchor rod can be adjusted according to actual needs.

Preferably, the exhaust and slurry discharge groove is opened at the top end of the expansion shell anchor head.

Preferably, the grouting plug has a trapezoidal cone shape, and a grouting plug anchor rod hole and a grouting plug grouting pipe hole are provided on its trapezoidal bottom surface, which are used to pass the anchor rod and the grouting pipe respectively; the maximum diameter of the cone of the grouting plug is consistent with the diameter of the anchor hole, which plays a role in sealing the anchor hole opening and preventing leakage of grout and air after grouting in the anchor hole.

Preferably, a grouting head is provided on the top of the grouting pipe for injecting mortar.

Preferably, the pad is a thin plate sleeved on the anchor rod at the anchor hole mouth, with a circular arc portion arched backward in the middle, and provided with a pad anchor rod hole and a pad grouting pipe hole to facilitate the passage of the anchor rod and the grouting pipe therethrough.

Preferably, the prediction sensing chip is embedded in the outer surface of the expansion shell anchor head and connected to the prediction sensor module and the signal transmission line through wires. When the prediction sensing chip contacts the rock structure of the inner wall of the anchor hole, it can play a role in real-time detection and calculation of underground rock pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature and other related data.

Furthermore, the prediction sensor module senses the rock pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature and other information measured by the prediction sensing chip through the land sonar method, converts it to the signal transmission line, and then transmits it to the geological disaster warning sensor module outside the plug through the signal transmission line; the geological disaster warning sensor module is connected to the information ground receiving and processing system through wireless remote connection, thereby realizing remote warning and prevention.

The present invention also discloses a method for venting and grouting the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions, comprising:

(i) When used in a downwardly inclined part of a side wall or anchor hole, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is first placed downward into the anchor hole formed by the drill bit, and the expansion shell anchor head supports the bottom of the anchor hole. Then, a process of grouting inside the anchor rod and grouting and exhausting from the anchor hole mouth is adopted, that is, the inner hole of the anchor rod is used as a grouting pipe, and mortar is injected through the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod. The mortar flows from the inside of the anchor rod to the exhaust and grouting groove at the front end of the expansion shell anchor head, and fills the outside of the anchor rod. After the anchor hole outside the anchor rod is filled, the grouting and exhaust are discharged to the outside of the anchor hole through the grouting pipe (at this time, although the grouting pipe is called a grouting pipe, it is actually used for grouting and exhaust).

(ii) When used in an area where the arch or anchor hole is inclined upward and the elevation angle is greater than 30°, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is first placed upward into the anchor hole that has been formed by the drill bit, and the expanding shell anchor head supports the arch. Then, the anchor hole grouting pipe is used for grouting and the expanding shell anchor head is used for grouting and exhaust. That is, mortar is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting pipe at the anchor hole. The mortar flows from the outside of the anchor rod to the exhaust grouting groove at the front end of the expanding shell anchor head and fills the inside of the anchor rod (at this time, the exhaust grouting groove is named as the exhaust grouting groove, but it is actually used to pass mortar). The inner hole of the anchor rod inside the anchor rod is used as the exhaust grouting pipe. The air in the anchor hole is discharged from the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod. After the grouting is completed, a plug is immediately installed at the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod.

Beneficial effects: The invention can select and adjust the size of the shell expansion anchor head, shell expansion sheet, and anchor rod according to the strength of the rock formation, and the operation is convenient and safe. The shell expansion anchor head can be directly sent to the bottom of the anchor hole, and can be easily rotated to instantly reach the required tensioning strength, and the anchoring function is powerful; one person can perform operations such as drilling, anchoring, and grouting, reducing construction safety risks and labor costs; the anchor head opening size is flexible, and the prediction chip is convenient to install, which can realize the measurement of geological disaster prediction information and the density of grouting, the length of the anchor rod, etc.; the exhaust grouting method of the invention has changed the traditional The exhaust grouting method of the anchor rod, especially for the arch part or the part where the anchor hole is inclined upward and the elevation angle is greater than 30°, is grouting from the outside of the anchor rod. The slurry enters the inner hole of the anchor rod from the bottom to the top through the exhaust and grouting groove at the front end, and then flows back to the rear end of the anchor rod. The grouting is full and the grouting pressure is low, which truly realizes the original design intention of the full-length bonded anchor rod and solves the problem of traditional anchor rods that the exhaust and grouting holes are easily blocked by the grouting liquid and the rock chips on the inner wall of the anchor hole, resulting in poor exhaust, increased grouting pressure, and difficulty for slurry to enter the anchor hole, resulting in the inability to connect the anchor rod and the rock formation as one.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic front view of the assembly of a hollow anchor having geological detection and anchoring functions according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic top view of the assembly of the hollow anchor rod having geological detection and anchoring functions according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic side view of the assembly of the hollow anchor rod having geological detection and anchoring functions according to the present invention;

FIG4 is a front view of the expansion shell anchor head of the present invention;

FIG5 is a top view of the expansion shell anchor head of the present invention;

FIG6 is a side view of the expansion shell anchor head of the present invention;

7 is a cross-sectional view of the inner hole of the anchor head of the expansion shell anchor head of the present invention;

FIG8 is a front view of the expansion shell sheet of the present invention;

FIG9 is a top view of the expanded shell sheet of the present invention;

FIG10 is a front view of the steel plug of the present invention;

FIG11 is a side view of the steel plug of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a side sectional view of the interior of the steel plug of the present invention;

13 is a front view of the stop plug of the present invention;

FIG14 is a side view of the stop plug of the present invention;

FIG15 is a front view of the nut of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a side view of the nut of the present invention;

17 is a cross-sectional view of the interior of the nut of the present invention;

FIG18 is a front view of the grouting pipe of the present invention;

19 is a front view of the pad in the present invention;

FIG20 is a side view of the pad in the present invention;

21 is a schematic diagram of the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions according to the present invention in downward use;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions according to the present invention in downward use state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1-6, a hollow anchor with geological detection and anchoring functions includes an expansion shell anchor head 1, an anchor rod 2, an expansion shell sheet 3, a steel plug 4, a grouting plug 5, a grouting pipe 6, a pad 7, a nut 8, and a plug 9. The expansion shell anchor head 1 is installed at the top of the hollow anchor rod, and is connected and fixed to the anchor rod 2 through the expansion shell sheet 3 and the steel plug 4. A prediction sensing chip 10 and an exhaust and grouting groove 11 are provided on the outside of the anchor rod 2. A through anchor rod inner hole 20 is provided in the anchor rod 2, and a prediction sensor module and a signal transmission line 21 are provided inside the anchor rod inner hole 20; an anchor head inner hole 13 is provided inside the expansion shell anchor head 1, and the anchor head inner hole 13 is connected to the anchor rod inner hole 11. The two holes 20 are interconnected; the plug 9 is arranged at the other end of the anchor rod 2 away from the expansion shell anchor head 1, and the early warning sensing wire 21 is connected to the plug 9; the grouting plug 5 is sleeved on the anchor rod 2, which is used to fix the anchor rod 2 and is convenient for sealing the anchor hole formed by the drill bit; the pad 7 is installed at the rear end of the grouting plug 5, the grouting pipe 6 passes through the pad 7 and the grouting plug 5, and the nut 8 is tightened at the rear end of the pad 7 to push and consolidate the grouting plug 5 and the pad 7; the outside of the plug is also connected to a geological disaster early warning sensor module, a power supply device, a charging device, an information exchange module and an information ground receiving and processing system connected via wireless remote connection.

The anchor head inner hole 13 and the anchor rod inner hole 20 may be through holes or threaded holes, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7 .

As shown in Fig. 8-12, the expansion shell piece 3 is a semi-cylindrical piece with two stepped holes inside and stepped circles 301 outside. The front parts of the two expansion shell pieces 3 are respectively engaged with the annular groove 101 at the rear of the expansion shell anchor head 1, and the outer surface is welded and fixed to the expansion shell anchor head 1 through the expansion shell 302, and the rear part thereof extends from the lower rear part of the expansion shell 302; the steel plug 4 is internally mounted on the anchor rod 2 through a thread, and the front end 401 of the conical surface thereof is embedded in the stepped hole inside the expansion shell piece 3. The expansion shell anchor head 1 and the expansion shell piece 3 are provided with expansion shell grooves 103 of matching sizes at corresponding positions on the outer surfaces, and the expansion shell 302 is embedded therein by welding, so that the expansion shell anchor head 1 and the expansion shell piece 3 are connected and fixed front and back on the outside. The stepped hole inside the shell expansion piece 3 includes a cylindrical hole 304 and a trapezoidal conical hole 305 ; the steel plug 4 has a trapezoidal cone shape, and the front end of the external conical surface 401 thereof is embedded in the trapezoidal conical hole 305 inside the shell expansion piece 3 .

When the expansion shell anchor head 1 is delivered to the bottom of the anchor hole 40, the exhaust and slurry discharge groove 11 at the top of the expansion shell anchor head 1 supports the bottom of the anchor hole 40. At this time, the operator supports the anchor rod and gently rotates it. Since the steel plug 4 is pushed and rotated with the anchor rod, the front end of the steel plug 4 is embedded in the trapezoidal conical hole 305 inside the expansion shell piece 3. The pushing force and rotational force of the steel plug 4 cause the expansion shell piece 3 at the corresponding position of the trapezoidal conical hole 305 to be pushed and expanded outward. After the expansion, the expansion shell piece 3 is combined with the rock layer on the inner wall of the anchor hole 40. Because the expansion shell anchor head and the anchor rod are connected and the expansion shell piece is expanded and stuck in the rock layer, it instantly reaches the strength required for tensioning, preventing the anchor rod from falling downward. Therefore, one person can complete the entire process from drilling, anchoring to grouting, saving manpower, improving efficiency, and reducing construction safety risks.

The sizes of the expansion shell anchor head 1, the expansion shell sheet 3 and the anchor rod 2 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

As shown in FIGS. 4-6 , the exhaust and slurry discharge groove 11 is opened at the top of the shell expansion anchor head 1 ; in this embodiment, the exhaust and slurry discharge grooves 11 are four and evenly arranged around the circumference.

As shown in Figures 13-14, the grouting plug 5 is in the shape of a trapezoidal cone, and the bottom surface of the trapezoidal cone is provided with a grouting plug anchor hole 51 and a grouting plug grouting pipe hole 52, which are used to pass the anchor rod 2 and the grouting pipe 6 respectively; the maximum diameter of the cone of the grouting plug 5 is consistent with the diameter of the anchor hole 40, which plays a role in blocking the anchor hole opening and preventing grouting and air leakage after grouting in the anchor hole; the diameter of the anchor hole 40 is set as needed. As shown in Figures 15-17, the nut is a hexagonal nut.

As shown in FIG. 18 , a grouting head 61 is provided at the top of the grouting pipe 6 for injecting mortar.

As shown in Figures 19-20, the pad 7 is a thin plate that is sleeved on the anchor rod at the anchor hole mouth, with a rearward arched arc portion 71 in the middle, and a pad anchor rod hole 72 and a pad grouting pipe hole 73 are opened to facilitate the passage of the anchor rod 2 and the grouting pipe 6.

As shown in Figure 1, the prediction sensing chip 10 is embedded in the outer surface of the expansion shell anchor head 1, and is connected to the prediction sensor module and the signal transmission line 21 through wires. When the prediction sensing chip 10 contacts the rock structure of the inner wall of the anchor hole 40, it can play a role in real-time detection and calculation of underground rock pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature and other related data.

The prediction sensor module senses the rock formation pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature and other information measured by the prediction sensor chip 10 through the land sonar method, converts it to the signal transmission line 21, and then transmits it to the geological disaster warning sensor module outside the plug 9 through the signal transmission line 21; the geological disaster warning sensor module is connected to the information ground receiving and processing system through wireless remote connection, so as to achieve remote warning and prevention. The prediction sensor chip 10, the prediction sensor module and the signal transmission line 21, the geological disaster warning sensor module, and the information ground receiving and processing system are all existing commercially available products, and the model and specifications can be selected according to needs.

In this embodiment, the maximum diameter of the cone of the grout stopper 5 and the diameter of the anchor hole 40 are 55mm; the inner hole 13 of the anchor head is a threaded hole, and its thread major diameter is 26mm; the anchor rod is an external threaded rod, and its major diameter is 26mm and its minor diameter is 23mm; the major diameter of the threaded hole of the nut 8 is 26mm and its minor diameter is 23mm; the major diameter of the threaded hole of the steel plug 4 is 26mm and its minor diameter is 23mm; the outer diameter of the grouting pipe 6 is 16mm, and the The diameter of the grouting pipe hole 52 of the grouting plug is 15 mm, and the grouting pipe 6 fits with the grouting pipe hole 52 of the grouting plug in an interference fit manner; the diameter of the anchor rod hole 51 of the grouting plug is 25 mm, and the anchor rod 2 fits with the anchor rod hole 51 of the grouting plug in an interference fit manner; the diameter of the pad anchor rod hole 72 is 27 mm, and the anchor rod 2 passes through the pad anchor rod hole 72; the diameter of the pad grouting pipe hole 73 is 18 mm, and the grouting pipe 6 passes through the pad grouting pipe hole 73.

The present invention also discloses a method for venting and grouting the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions, comprising:

(i) When used in the downwardly inclined part of the side wall 60 or the anchor hole 40, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is first placed downward into the anchor hole 40 formed by the drill bit, and the expansion shell anchor head 1 supports the bottom of the anchor hole 40. Then, the process of grouting inside the anchor rod and draining grout and exhaust from the anchor hole mouth is adopted, that is: the anchor rod inner hole 20 of the anchor rod is used as a grouting pipe, and mortar is injected through the rear end of the anchor rod inner hole 20. The mortar flows from the inside of the anchor rod to the exhaust and grouting groove 11 at the front end of the expansion shell anchor head 1, and fills the outside of the anchor rod 2. After the anchor hole 40 outside the anchor rod 2 is fully filled, the grout and exhaust are discharged to the outside of the anchor hole 40 through the grouting pipe 6 (at this time, although the grouting pipe 6 is called a grouting pipe, it is actually used for draining grout and exhaust). The flow of mortar in and out is shown by the arrows in Figure 21.

(ii) When used in a position where the arch 70 or the anchor hole 40 is tilted upward and the elevation angle is greater than 30°, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is first placed upward into the anchor hole 40 formed by the drill bit, and the shell anchor head 1 supports the arch 70, and then the anchor hole grouting pipe is used for grouting and the shell anchor head is used for grouting and exhaust, that is, mortar is injected into the anchor hole 40 through the grouting pipe 6 at the anchor hole, and the mortar flows from the outside of the anchor rod 2 to the exhaust grouting groove 11 at the front end of the shell anchor head 1, and fills the inside of the anchor rod 2 (at this time, the exhaust grouting groove 11 is called the exhaust grouting groove, but it is actually used to pass mortar), the anchor rod inner hole 20 inside the anchor rod 2 is used as an exhaust grouting pipe, and the air in the anchor hole 40 is discharged from the rear end of the anchor rod inner hole 20. After the grouting is completed, the plug 9 is immediately installed at the rear end of the anchor rod inner hole 20. The inflow and outflow of mortar are shown by the arrows in Figure 22.

The above is only a further detailed description of the present invention by selecting the preferred implementation methods of the present invention. The present invention has other applications or combinations, which can be selected according to specific needs. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, making several equivalent substitutions or modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and having the same performance or use, should be regarded as belonging to the patent protection scope of the present invention determined by the submitted claims.

Claims (6)

1. The exhaust grouting method for the hollow anchor rod with the geological detection and anchoring functions is characterized by comprising an expansion shell anchor head, an anchor rod, an expansion shell sheet, a steel plug, a grout stopping plug, a grouting pipe, a backing plate, a nut and a plug, wherein the expansion shell anchor head is arranged at the top end of the hollow anchor rod and is fixedly connected with the anchor rod through the expansion shell sheet and the steel plug, and a prediction induction chip and an exhaust grouting groove are arranged on the expansion shell anchor head; a through anchor rod inner hole is formed in the anchor rod, and a prediction sensor module and a signal transmission line are arranged in the anchor rod inner hole; an anchor head inner hole is formed in the expansion shell anchor head, and the anchor head inner hole and the anchor rod inner hole are communicated with each other; the plug is arranged at the other end of the anchor rod far away from the expansion shell anchor head, and the signal transmission line is connected with the plug; the grout stop plug is sleeved on the anchor rod and used for fixing the anchor rod and conveniently plugging an anchor hole formed by a drill bit; the backing plate is arranged at the rear end of the grout stop plug, the grouting pipe penetrates through the backing plate and the grout stop plug, the nut is screwed at the rear end of the backing plate, and the grout stop plug and the backing plate are pushed and consolidated; the outside of the plug is also connected with a geological disaster early warning sensor module, a power supply device, a charging device, an information exchange module and an information ground receiving and processing system which are connected through wireless remote connection;

The outer surfaces of the two expansion shell pieces are welded and fixed with the expansion shell anchor head through the expansion shell, and the rear parts of the two expansion shell pieces extend out from the lower part of the rear part of the expansion shell; the inside of the steel plug is sleeved on the anchor rod through threads, and the front end of the conical surface outside the steel plug is embedded into the stepped hole in the expansion shell piece;

the outer surfaces of the expansion shell anchor head and the expansion shell sheet are provided with expansion shell grooves with matched sizes, the expansion shell is embedded in the expansion shell grooves in a welding mode, and the expansion shell anchor head and the expansion shell sheet are connected and fixed front and back outside;

the stepped holes in the expansion shell piece comprise cylindrical holes and trapezoid conical holes; the appearance of the steel plug is a trapezoid cone, and the front end of the cone outside the steel plug is embedded into a trapezoid cone hole inside the expansion shell piece;

the exhaust grouting method comprises the following steps:

Firstly, when the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is used for a side wall or a part of an anchor hole which is inclined downwards, the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions is downwards placed into the anchor hole formed by a drill bit, the expansion shell anchor head props against the bottom of the anchor hole, and then, the processes of grouting in the anchor rod and slurry discharging and exhausting at the opening of the anchor hole are adopted, namely: taking an inner hole of an anchor rod as a grout inlet pipe, injecting mortar through the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod, enabling the mortar to flow from the inside of the anchor rod to an exhaust grout discharge groove at the front end of an expanding shell anchor head, filling the mortar to the outside of the anchor rod, filling the anchor hole outside the anchor rod, and discharging grout to the outside of the anchor hole through a grout injection pipe after filling the anchor hole;

When the arch part or the anchor hole is inclined upwards and the elevation angle is larger than 30 degrees, firstly placing the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions upwards into the anchor hole formed by the drill bit, enabling the shell expansion anchor head to prop against the arch part, and then adopting the processes of grouting by the anchor hole grouting pipe and grouting and exhausting by the shell expansion anchor head, namely: mortar is injected into the anchor hole through the grouting pipe of the anchor hole, the mortar flows to the exhaust grouting groove at the front end of the expansion shell anchor head from the outside of the anchor rod, the inside of the anchor rod is filled, the inner hole of the anchor rod in the anchor rod is used as the exhaust grouting pipe, air in the anchor hole is discharged from the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod, grouting is completed, and a plug is immediately installed at the rear end of the inner hole of the anchor rod.

2. The method for grouting exhaust of hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring function according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust grouting groove is formed in the top end of the expansion shell anchor head.

3. The method for exhausting and grouting a hollow anchor rod with geological exploration and anchoring functions according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the grout stop plug is a trapezoid cone, and a grout stop plug anchor rod hole and a grout stop plug grouting pipe hole are formed in the trapezoid bottom surface of the grout stop plug, and the grout stop plug anchor rod hole and the grout stop plug grouting pipe hole are respectively used for penetrating through the anchor rod and the grouting pipe; the maximum diameter of the cone of the grout stop plug is consistent with the diameter of the anchor hole, so that the functions of blocking the anchor hole, and avoiding grout leakage and air leakage after grouting in the anchor hole are achieved.

4. The method for exhausting and grouting a hollow anchor rod with geological exploration and anchoring functions according to claim 1, wherein the backing plate is a thin plate sleeved on the anchor rod at the anchor hole, the middle of the backing plate is backwards arched to form an arc part, and a backing plate anchor rod hole and a backing plate grouting pipe hole are formed, so that the anchor rod and the grouting pipe can conveniently pass through the backing plate anchor rod hole and the backing plate grouting pipe.

5. The exhaust grouting method of the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions according to claim 1, wherein the prediction induction chip is embedded on the outer surface of the expansion shell anchor head and is connected with the prediction sensor module and the signal transmission line through wires, and when the prediction induction chip is in contact with a rock stratum structure of the inner wall of the anchor hole, the method plays a role in detecting and calculating underground rock stratum pressure, displacement, temperature and bending data in real time.

6. The method for exhausting and grouting the hollow anchor rod with geological detection and anchoring functions according to claim 5, wherein the prediction sensor module senses information of rock stratum pressure, displacement, temperature, curvature and the like measured by the prediction sensing chip through a land sound method, converts the information into a signal transmission line, and transmits the information to a geological disaster early-warning sensor module outside the plug through the signal transmission line; the geological disaster early warning sensor module is connected with the information ground receiving and processing system in a wireless remote mode, and therefore remote early warning and prevention are achieved.