CN110656969B - Cooling method for construction of extra-long highway tunnel - Google Patents
Cooling method for construction of extra-long highway tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110656969B CN110656969B CN201910791430.2A CN201910791430A CN110656969B CN 110656969 B CN110656969 B CN 110656969B CN 201910791430 A CN201910791430 A CN 201910791430A CN 110656969 B CN110656969 B CN 110656969B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000037309 Hypomyelination of early myelinating structures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F3/00—Cooling or drying of air
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/20—Drawing-off or depositing dust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling method for construction of a super-long highway tunnel, which comprises the following steps: 1) Setting a plurality of movable refrigerating devices for cooling the constructed tunnel section and the under-constructed tunnel section; 2) Carrying out local cooling and local dust removal on the range of the tunnel face 100 m; 3) And discharging the heat circulation of the refrigerating device and the local temperature reduction. In the invention, a mode of combining integral refrigeration with layout cooling is adopted, and comprehensive cooling technology and constructor heat insulation protection technology measures for the construction environment of the extra-long tunnel are adopted; adopting a local cooling measure to reduce the temperature of the working surface to below 28 ℃ required by safety regulations; the water is sent to the cooler by the water pump by utilizing the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the tunnel construction, the cooling water absorbing the heat load is not used any more, and the cooling water is discharged from the drainage ditch or the water outlet pipe through the steel pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of extra-long highway tunnels, and particularly relates to a cooling method used in construction of extra-long highway tunnels.
Background
Modern refrigeration technology is a subject of development in the middle and later stages of the 19 th century, and application of refrigeration technology to underground excavation cooling engineering begins in the 20 th century, but rapid development and wide application is after the 70 th century of the 20 th century. In general, the artificial refrigeration cooling technology can be divided into a water cooling system and an ice cooling system, wherein the water cooling system is the application of the underground air conditioning technology, and is a cooling method for performing artificial refrigeration in a hole by using a compression refrigerator taking Freon as a refrigerant; and the ice cooling system is used for scattering ice cubes produced by the ice maker to the working surface, and the heat exchange is completed through ice water phase change, so that the purpose of cooling is achieved.
The first one of China adopts a ground concentrated cooling air flow air conditioning system, two 6AW-17 refrigerators are arranged outside a tunnel, the temperature of a working face is reduced by 6-7 ℃ on average, and the tunneling efficiency is improved by 78-84%, which is a rudiment for concentrated cooling in China. The novel cooling mode of utilizing water gushing as the cold source is proposed to the later stage, and HEMS cooling system needs water gushing as the cold source, therefore, this technique is mainly applicable to the tunnel that water gushing water source is sufficient, and other cold sources are then needed as the supplement to the tunnel that water gushing is insufficient.
In many refrigeration cooling process technologies, the theory and practice of refrigeration cooling processes such as full tunnel cooling and partial refrigeration units have a certain research basis. However, how to build a local concentrated refrigeration cooling mode is not in depth in similar researches at home and abroad, and meanwhile, the problem of discharging condensation heat needs to be studied more in depth. The tunnel excavation working face is generally longer in duration, and the differences in aspects of cold transmission distance, electromechanical equipment, ventilation quantity, underground water burst and the like are larger, so that refrigeration and cooling process design is required according to the excavation progress, geological conditions, windward conditions, unit equipment and the like of a specific tunnel working face, the problem of heat damage is solved economically and effectively, and the influence of cooling work on production is reduced. A great deal of work is done in the aspects of tunnel refrigeration cooling theory and technical research in China, and a certain cooling effect is obtained. But the problems of unsatisfactory refrigeration effect and the like are still outstanding problems of long tunnel cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a cooling method for construction of a tunnel of a super-long highway, which mainly aims at local cooling of a tunnel face and realizes good cooling of the tunnel face by arranging a refrigerating device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following means.
The cooling method for the construction of the extra-long highway tunnel comprises the following steps:
1) Setting a plurality of movable refrigerating devices for cooling the constructed tunnel section and the under-constructed tunnel section;
2) Carrying out local cooling and local dust removal on the range of the tunnel face 100 m;
3) And discharging the heat circulation of the refrigerating device and the local temperature reduction.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step 1), the distance between the movable refrigerating units is 500m-600m.
The refrigerating system is movably arranged at the position of about 500-600 m/m by utilizing the travelling cross hole with the tunnel distance closest to the excavated face, and the reasonable and feasible scheme for refrigerating and cooling the local area of the excavated face is designed by the existing ventilating system.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 2), the local cooling is performed within the range of the tunnel face 100m, specifically:
In the tunnel construction, the refrigerating device is placed near the filled edge of the inverted arch at a position which is far from the construction second lining 28-32m and is already constructed.
And the cooling device is used for cooling the secondary lining concrete at the filling side by placing the cooling device.
As a further improvement of the invention, the refrigerating system comprises a water cooling system and an air cooling system, wherein the water cooling system conveys cooling water into the tunnel through an axial flow fan and an air belt; the air cooling system provides hot air Q1 through the compressor, and cools the hot air Q1 into hot air Q2 through the refrigerant in the evaporator and conveys the hot air Q2 into tunnel construction, and cooling water in the water cooling system simultaneously cools the refrigerant in the air cooling system.
In the technical scheme, the effects of combining air cooling with water cooling and sharing one cooling water are achieved.
As a further improvement of the invention, the air cooling system comprises a condenser, and the cooling water of the water cooling system is used for cooling the liquid refrigerant in the condenser and conveying the liquid refrigerant to an evaporator, so that the liquid refrigerant is converted into gaseous refrigerant, and the evaporator is communicated with the condenser through a compressor.
By forming the refrigerant into a circulation system, repeated use of the refrigerant for multiple cycles is achieved.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water cooling system further comprises a spray water pump, wherein the water cooling system comprises a water tank, a circulating water pump and a back cooler which are connected in sequence, and the spray water pump is used for cold and heat exchange in the back cooler.
By adding the spray water pump, the cooling in the back cooler is realized, the heat exchange between the high-temperature cooling water in the back cooler and the low-temperature cooling water sprayed by the spray water pump is ensured, and the continuous cooling is realized.
As a further improvement of the invention, the local dust removal in the step 2) is specifically to arrange dust removal ventilation equipment at a position 180-220m away from the face, and the position of the constructed secondary lining. Specifically, dust removal ventilation equipment adopts dust removal fan, through dust removal fan, can improve the environment in the tunnel, avoids dust to fly upward, influences operating personnel healthy.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the step 3) specifically includes the following steps for the discharge of the refrigeration device and the thermal cycle after the partial cooling: and naturally discharging the obtained heat into the tunnel drainage ditch through the pipeline.
Through discharging the heat, the heat in the air cooling and water cooling system is reduced, and the temperature reduction is quickened.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method further comprises the step of measuring the tunnel excavation face thermal environment parameter and the tunnel actual temperature before the step 1), and obtaining the power of the cooling equipment by combining the construction requirement temperature.
Through further measurement of thermal environment parameters and the like, the power of all cooling equipment can be conveniently evaluated in the later period, so that the full utilization of energy sources is realized, and the power waste caused by high power is avoided.
As a further development of the invention, the length of the extra-long road tunnel is at least 10Km.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
In the invention, a mode of combining integral refrigeration with layout cooling is adopted, and comprehensive cooling technology and constructor heat insulation protection technology measures for the construction environment of the extra-long tunnel are adopted; adopting a local cooling measure to reduce the temperature of the working surface to below 28 ℃ required by safety regulations; the water is sent to the cooler by the water pump by utilizing the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the tunnel construction, the cooling water absorbing the heat load is not used any more, and the cooling water is discharged from the drainage ditch or the water outlet pipe through the steel pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system for a tunnel according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile vehicle according to the present invention;
In the figure:
1. An evaporator; 2. a moving vehicle; 3. a condenser; 4. a circulating water pump; 5. backwashing the filter; 6. a back cooler; 7. a spray water pump; 8. a refrigerant filter; 9. an expansion valve; 10. a compressor; 11. a water tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following embodiments in order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Example 1
Referring to the drawings, in this embodiment, a cooling method for construction of a tunnel on a super highway includes the following steps:
1) Setting a plurality of refrigerating devices for cooling treatment during movement on constructed and under-constructed tunnel sections;
specifically, the distance between the movable refrigerating devices is 500m-600m.
2) Carrying out local cooling and local dust removal on the range of the tunnel face 100 m;
specifically, the partial cooling is performed within the range of the tunnel face 100m, specifically:
In the tunnel construction, a refrigerating device is placed near the filled edge of the inverted arch at a position which is far from the construction second liner 28-32m and is already constructed.
In this embodiment, the refrigeration system includes a water cooling system and an air cooling system, where the water cooling system conveys cooling water into the tunnel through an axial flow fan and an air belt (not shown in the figure); the air cooling system provides hot air Q1 through the compressor 10, and cools the hot air Q1 into hot air Q2 through the refrigerant in the evaporator and conveys the hot air Q2 into the tunnel construction, and cooling water in the water cooling system simultaneously cools the refrigerant in the air cooling system.
Specifically, the air cooling system comprises a condenser 3, the cooling water of the water cooling system is used for cooling the liquid refrigerant in the condenser 3 and delivering the liquid refrigerant into an evaporator 1, so that the liquid refrigerant is converted into gaseous refrigerant, and the evaporator 1 is communicated with the condenser 3 through a compressor 10.
In this embodiment, the cooling system further comprises a spray water pump 7, the water cooling system comprises a water tank 11, a circulating water pump 4 and a back cooler 5 which are sequentially connected, and the spray water pump 7 is used for heat exchange in the back cooler 6.
By adding the spray water pump 7, the heat exchange in the back cooler 5 is realized, so that the high-temperature water can be cooled to low temperature, and the cooling is realized.
In the embodiment, the local dust removal is specifically that dust removal ventilation equipment is arranged at the position 180-220m away from the tunnel face for the constructed secondary lining. In this embodiment, specifically, the added dust removing ventilation device is a dust removing fan, which may be disposed near the tunnel face by means of screw fixation and bracket fixation.
In this embodiment, the refrigeration system with local cooling, specifically the mechanical cooling system, is used, and under the effect of the fan, the air passes through the evaporator of the tunnel refrigeration device. In the evaporator 1, the air is cooled and partially dehumidified. The dehydrator built in the evaporator 1 can effectively collect moisture inside it and then discharge it out of the evaporator 1. In this equipment, compressor 10 takes heat from evaporimeter 1 to the condenser, later again with heat transfer to cooling water to reach the purpose of condensing air, through bolted connection on excavating equipment, and then increase axial fan, carried out full cold wind cooling to the excavation working face, obtained certain effect.
For example, an axial flow fan is added near a shovel part or a control device of the excavator through a high-strength bolt and the like to realize cooling.
3) And discharging the heat circulation of the refrigerating device and the local temperature reduction.
Specifically, the emission of the refrigeration device and the thermal cycle after the partial cooling is specifically as follows: the obtained heat, namely the heat discharged from the refrigerating device, is naturally discharged into the tunnel drainage ditch through the connecting steel pipe.
As a further development of the invention, the length of the extra-long road tunnel is at least 10Km.
In this embodiment, the temperature of the hot air Q1 is 28 ℃ to 36 ℃, and the temperature of the hot air Q2 is 25 ℃ to 15 ℃. The tunnel temperature is generally between 33 ℃ and 35 ℃, and the specific cooling can lead the tunnel temperature to be cooled from 35 ℃ to 28 ℃. If the temperature of the hot air Q1 is higher than 36 ℃, the temperature is too high and not liable to be reduced, the requirements of the evaporator 1, such as efficiency, etc., are increased, and if the temperature is too low and lower than 28 ℃, the requirements of the air compressor 11 are increased, which is disadvantageous for use.
In this embodiment, the temperature of water W1 is 36℃to 45℃and preferably 41℃and the temperature of water W2 is 30℃to 36℃and preferably 33 ℃; in this embodiment, the temperatures of the water W1 and the water W2 are not too high, especially the water W2, and if the water temperature is too high, the requirement for the water source in the added spray pump 7 will be too high, and the water source with too low temperature is difficult to obtain; if the temperature of the water tank 11 and the water tank is too low, the water source in the water tank is not easy to obtain.
In the embodiment, the refrigerant in the whole process is specifically liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen has high cooling speed, and the purchasing is convenient, and the cost is economical and practical compared with other condensing agents.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve the rule that the tunnel excavation face temperature reaches below 28 ℃ of the safety regulations, the following scheme is specifically adopted:
The total temperature value in the tunnel is summarized by determining the temperature emitted by each heat source according to the distribution rule of the tunnel heat sources, and the tunnel face temperature reaches the specification of below 28 ℃ of safety regulations by a water tank, a condensing unit, a dust removing fan, a water pipe, a sprayer, a motor, auxiliary equipment and the like which are arranged on a 6-meter mobile vehicle in the overall arrangement of the dust reducing and cooling equipment.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the circulation of the cooling water is specifically that cooling water W2 with a temperature of 33 ℃ is generated in a water tank 11, and then the cooling water W2 with the temperature of 33 ℃ is conveyed into a back cooler 6 through a circulation pump 4 and a back flushing filter 5, and the back cooler 6 conveys the generated cooling water W2 with the temperature of 33 ℃ into a condenser 3, so as to realize cooling of a liquefied refrigerant (i.e. liquefied refrigerant) in the condenser 3; after the liquefied refrigerant in the condenser 3 is cooled, the temperature of the cooling water W2 is raised to generate cooling water W1 having a temperature of 41 ℃, and the cooling water W1 is returned to the water tank 11 to recirculate the water, or is led to the side drain of the tunnel through the steel pipe.
Of course, in the water cooling system, the spray water pump 7 sprays the cooling water to exchange heat with the cooling water W1 having a temperature of 41 ℃ in the back cooler 6, thereby forming the cooling water W2 having a temperature of 33 ℃.
In the circulation of the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant, the condenser 3 firstly generates the liquid refrigerant with lower temperature, the pressure is 15bar, and the transportation is convenient; after passing through the refrigerant filter 8 and the expansion valve 9, the liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator 1, forms a gaseous refrigerant in the evaporator 1, and then is conveyed to the condenser 3 to be liquefied again to form the liquid refrigerant, namely, the refrigerant is converted in the liquid state and the gaseous state in the whole process, so that different requirements are met.
For the cold air system, the temperature of the hot air Q1 generated by the compressor 10 is about 32 ℃, the temperature is reduced after passing through the evaporator 1, and the hot air Q2 with the production temperature of 19 ℃ is sprayed into the tunnel to realize the temperature reduction in the tunnel.
Of course, in this embodiment, the cooling of the water cooling system may also be increased, specifically, in the water cooling system, low-temperature water W2 is transmitted to the evaporator 1 through the booster pump, and is transmitted to the tunnel face through the axial flow fan and the air belt, so as to realize the direct cooling of the water cooling system in the tunnel hole, and at this time, the cooling is realized by air cooling and water cooling.
In this embodiment, through the transmission system device (i.e. mobile car 2) of car, make water tank, refrigeration heat sink, dust removal fan etc. that are located on the tail of a car remove, locomotive, water tank, refrigeration heat sink parallel arrangement, dust removal fan is located the water tank top, still possesses the effect of dust removal this moment.
In use, the air belts are arranged on the excavation surface and the two liners, and the movable refrigerating device is convenient to move because the evaporator is arranged on the air belts.
In long tunnel construction, when the excavation distance is more than 150m, mechanical ventilation is needed to realize that the working environment of constructors in the tunnel meets the requirements of professional health, the safe distance from the tunnel excavation face to the secondary lining construction is 120 m at the maximum, and in order not to influence the normal operation of the construction, the equipment is arranged at the back of the excavation face and the secondary lining concrete construction and is about 50m away from the secondary lining construction, and along with tunnel tunneling, the cooling of the tunnel face in the tunnel is realized through continuous movement of an automobile. Cooling water in refrigeration cooling equipment of the mobile device is sprayed in 360 degrees without dead angles, so that cold and hot air exchange is realized, and the temperature of a tunnel excavation face is reduced from 35 degrees to about 28 degrees.
In the invention, the automobile mobile refrigeration cooling equipment is adopted, air exchange is realized through spraying cold water generated by the refrigeration device, the prior art ventilates a tunnel through an axial flow fan and a wind belt or adopts a hole to place ice cubes to absorb heat, and the greatest difference is that the cooling effect of temperature is obvious and the cooling randomness is good.
The movable refrigeration cooling device has the advantages that ventilation and cooling are convenient, timeliness and effectiveness can be guaranteed, the distance between the tunnel face and the second lining is about 50 meters after the construction of the tunnel face and the second lining is excavated, and the device can realize cooling between the tunnel face and the second lining in a tunnel along with tunnel tunneling through continuous movement of an automobile.
In the invention, the compressor is firstly operated, then the cooling water circulation system is operated, then the refrigerant is circulated, and finally the cold air is operated, firstly, the refrigeration compressor plays a main role, the cooling of the equipment is realized by the back cooler, the cold air is produced by the refrigerator, and the cold air is emitted by the evaporator.
The temperature of the hot air is the natural wind of the atmosphere, the temperature is reduced to about 19 ℃ from 32 ℃ through refrigeration cooling equipment, the pressure of 15bar is generated by a water booster pump, and the purpose is to atomize the cooled water into the air through a spraying device, so that the cold and heat exchange of the air is realized.
In the invention, the refrigerant always adopts the parameter condition of 15bar to achieve the aim of air compression, and when the air exists in the system, the compression of the refrigeration cycle is controlled, and the gas transmission quantity and the power consumption of the compressor are controlled.
In the invention, the main technical points are as follows:
1) The placement of a refrigerating and cooling system in a tunnel driving cross tunnel and the operation of equipment in a high-temperature environment;
Specifically, the method mainly adopts the following scheme by measuring the thermal environment parameters of the tunnel excavation face and calculating the cold required by the excavation face:
Firstly, heat and tunnel air humidity emitted by different objects on the tunnel face at the highest heating source are measured through the high-tech CTH608 and the deep-reaching digital hygrothermograph Humidity & temp.
The process cooling parameters of the tunnel excavation face cooling demand system are as follows in table 1:
Table 1:
and secondly, determining parameters in an investigation surface and a measurement surface of the tunnel through a tunnel excavation face cooling demand system, and subtracting the power of cooling equipment required by the temperature difference between the set temperature and 28 ℃ from the actual temperature of the tunnel.
2) Design of a rapid refrigeration cooling technology process within a tunnel excavation face 100m range;
3) The design of the discharge scheme of the heat cycle of the tunnel refrigeration cooling system device;
specifically, the condensing heat discharging scheme is reasonable in design, normal-temperature water is refrigerated into condensed water through condensing agents in the heat exchanger according to the law of conservation of energy, the hot water is naturally discharged to a tunnel drainage ditch through a pipeline to be naturally discharged, and the cold water is used for cooling a tunnel.
4) Solves the problem that the temperature of the tunnel excavation face reaches the specification of below 28 ℃ of the safety regulations.
And (3) researching the change rule of the thermal parameters of the excavation working face by carrying out field measurement on the thermal damage parameters of the tunnel excavation working face. After the cooling scheme is implemented, the actual cooling effect is compared and analyzed, and the cooling process is optimized.
In order to realize the placement of a refrigerating and cooling system in a transverse tunnel of a tunnel crane and the operation of equipment in a high-temperature environment, the invention adopts the following scheme:
(1) The refrigerating system is placed at a position which is 30m away from the second liner for construction and is close to the filled edge of the inverted arch, and normal construction traffic is not affected.
(2) The refrigerating system is placed at a parking space position close to the cooling vehicle according to the overall layout, and is connected with the vehicle body by adopting a high-strength bolt and a welded steel plate; the refrigerating system adopts a water-cooled refrigerating unit, and the equipment adopts a Suzhou Austenite water-cooled chiller VWWS1700,1700. Through the condensing agent and the heat exchange plates, cold and heat exchange is realized between the inside and the outside of a tunnel according to the law of conservation of energy, heat in the tunnel is taken away by a medium, and hot water discharged from the condensing unit is discharged through a water tank, a condensing unit, a dust removal fan, a water pipe, a sprayer, a motor and auxiliary equipment thereof and a side-type blind drain in the tunnel, which are arranged on a 6-meter mobile vehicle in the overall arrangement of a dust fall cooling equipment layout.
The energy exchange of water is realized, the temperature in the tunnel hole is reduced, and the humidity in the tunnel hole is reduced through the air outlet in the dust removing ventilator; the prior art can only realize ventilation, and the ventilation distance is longer.
(3) The fan above the overall layout diagram ensures that the equipment itself is in a high temperature environment
The method comprises the following steps:
The placement position of the refrigerating system and the installation position of the refrigerating system are adjusted to ensure that the refrigerating system is placed at a position which is 30 meters away from the second liner for construction and is close to the filled edge of the inverted arch; the concrete adjustment is to make the concrete close to the secondary lining concrete.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. The technical indexes are as follows:
the temperature of the working environment is reduced in the tunnel construction process; providing a temperature and humidity control method for a tunnel construction environment; providing a tunnel heat damage prevention and control countermeasure; formulating a comprehensive cooling technology and a constructor heat insulation protection technical measure applicable to the construction environment of the extra-long tunnel; adopting a local cooling measure to reduce the temperature of the working surface to below 28 ℃ required by safety regulations; the water is sent to the cooler by the water pump by utilizing the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the tunnel construction, and the cooling water for absorbing the heat load is not used any more and is discharged from the drainage ditch or the water outlet pipe.
The scheme of the invention is applied to the quaternary climate of the island of the tropical island of the Hainan island, the outside temperature in summer reaches 34-36 ℃ at most, the winter is not in four seasons, the construction temperature inside and outside the tunnel is basically the same, and the tunnel belongs to a secondary high-temperature area.
2. Economic index
The construction period of the tunnel construction plan is 26 months, after the construction is implemented according to the new scheme, the mechanical working efficiency is improved by about 30%, and the work efficiency is improved, and the construction period is saved by 6 months; about 150 persons of project management personnel, according to average 6500 yuan/person/month, the mechanical cost is about 200 ten thousand per month, ice-cooled is adopted in a hole according to a conventional scheme, the quantity of ice required for a project is about 16 tons per day, each ton is about 200 yuan, the labor cost is 585 ten thousand, the mechanical lease cost is 1200 ten thousand, the ice-making cost is about 200 ten thousand, and the direct cost of the project is about 1985 ten thousand yuan. And ensure the completion of the construction period on schedule and the occupational health and safety of workers.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1-2, in this embodiment, the air cooling system for local cooling in a tunnel is provided, the air cooling system includes an evaporator 1 installed in a tunnel wind zone, the evaporator 1 is used for processing hot air Q1 to obtain hot air Q2, the temperature of the hot air Q1 is greater than the temperature of the hot air Q2, and the temperature difference between the two is 10 ℃ to 15 ℃; in this embodiment, the evaporator 1 is fixedly installed by using a wind band provided in the tunnel construction itself, thereby realizing the use in the later stage. Specifically, the evaporator 1 is installed in a tunnel wind band, cold air is transmitted through a refrigeration cooling device (namely a rear condenser 3 and the like) and a steel pipe, and the local cooling in the tunnel is realized through the cold air, the evaporator 1 is connected with the wind band, and the wind band is positioned on a second lining of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, in order to facilitate moving the whole cooling device, the cooling device further comprises a moving vehicle 2, including a carriage and wheels for supporting the carriage and for moving the vehicle body; the mobile vehicle 2 may be a van in the prior art.
Further, the vehicle cabin cooling system also comprises a condenser 3, wherein the condenser 3 is arranged at the side part of the vehicle cabin, and liquefied refrigerant for refrigeration is arranged in the condenser 3 and is transmitted to the evaporator 1, so that the evaporator 1 is convenient for cooling the hot air Q1;
The system also comprises a water cooling system, wherein the water cooling system at least comprises a cooling water circulation system arranged at the bottom of the carriage, specifically, components in the cooling water circulation system are connected with high-strength bolts through welding and are arranged on the mobile vehicle, and the position, which is about 200 meters away from the tunnel excavation surface, is positioned behind the two-lining concrete under construction. Specifically, the cooling water circulation system is used for obtaining water W2 with a lower temperature after the water W1 in the water tank is treated, and the water W2 with the lower temperature is used for cooling the liquefied refrigerant in the condenser 3.
The cooling process in this embodiment is as follows: the evaporator 1 is used for changing high-temperature air into low-temperature air, and the low-temperature air is introduced into the vicinity of the two-lining concrete of the tunnel to realize the cooling of the two-lining concrete. The cooling of the refrigerant in the evaporator 1 is specifically performed by further cooling the liquefied refrigerant in the condenser 3 through a cooling water circulation system, and then transferring the cooled liquefied refrigerant to the evaporator 1, so that the process of cooling the hot air Q1 to form the hot air Q2 is realized.
In this embodiment, the evaporator 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the installation position in the tunnel wind zone, and other devices are realized by moving the position of the moving vehicle 2.
The installation and use of the cooling water circulation system will be described in detail.
Referring to fig. 1, specifically, the cooling water circulation system includes a circulation water pump 4, a back flush filter 5 and a back cooler 6, in order to ensure the installation of the cooling water circulation system, the components may be installed at the bottom of a carriage in the travelling car 2, that is, on a bottom plate, or the water tank 11 may be installed on a parking space, and then the circulation water pump 4, the back flush filter 5 and the back cooler 6 are installed at the bottom of the carriage, so as to ensure the consistency in the connection of the components, thereby facilitating the water transfer.
In use, water W1 in the water tank 11 is fed to the condenser 3 via the circulation pump 4, the backwash filter 5 and the return cooler 6 in this order to obtain water W2.
Of course, the water tank 11 can be connected with an external water source, so that the water in the water tank 11 can not meet the requirement when the temperature is reduced in a large area.
In this embodiment, the backwash filter 5 and the return cooler 6 can flush, filter and cool the cooling water obtained by the backflow, thereby improving the cleanliness of the cooling water.
Further, the water tank 11 is connected with the water tank and the water return cooler 6 is sprayed by the spray water pump 7, the spray water pump 7 is arranged at the top of a carriage of the mobile vehicle 2, and the spray water pump 7 exchanges heat with water W1 in the water return cooler 6 to cool the water.
Through the spray water pump 7 that increases, realized the quick cooling of the interior water of back cooler, avoid the temperature to descend slowly, influence the cooling effect. Meanwhile, in the scheme, a booster pump is formed through the spray water pump, so that water can be transmitted into the evaporator from the ground, the temperature is determined according to the power of the refrigeration compressor, and the pressure is determined according to the power of the booster pump.
In use, the spray water pump 7 is also connected with a water source, which is specifically tap water or groundwater. Tap water and groundwater are selected as water sources, and are located near the tunnel, so that construction is facilitated, and particularly, the groundwater is utilized fully, and the groundwater is utilized fully. Meanwhile, the temperature of the underground water is lower than that of tap water and other daily water sources, and the heat exchange can be quickened.
In this embodiment, the temperature of the water source is preferably 12-20 ℃. If the water source temperature is too high, heat exchange is not suitable, so that the water temperature required to be cooled is higher, and the heat exchange efficiency is too low; the water source temperature is too low, on the one hand, the water source with too low a temperature is difficult to obtain, and on the other hand, when the water source is too low, the requirements on the pump and other pipelines can be increased, and the cost is increased.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to further improve the purity of the refrigerant in use, the refrigerant filter 8 is further included, and the refrigerant filter 8 is disposed between the condenser 3 and the evaporator 1, and is used for filtering the liquefied refrigerant in the condenser 3. The liquefied refrigerant is filtered, so that the participation of impurities is avoided, and the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigerant is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, the liquid cooling system further comprises an expansion valve 9 installed between the refrigerant filter 8 and the evaporator 1, wherein the expansion valve 9 is used for heat exchange of the liquid cooling system
The heat exchange is further accelerated by the expansion valve 9, so that the temperature of the liquefied refrigerant is reduced.
In this embodiment, the air cooling system further includes a compressor 10 for generating air, where the compressor 10 is configured to generate and deliver hot air Q1 into the evaporator 1, so as to form the air cooling system.
At this time, the compressor 10 is mainly used for providing a source of air, and realizing a source of cold and hot air exchange.
Further, two ends of the compressor 10 are respectively connected with the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3, the evaporator 1 gasifies the liquefied refrigerant and then conveys the gasified liquefied refrigerant into the condenser 3 through the compressor 10 in the form of gaseous refrigerant, and the condenser 3 converts the gasified liquefied refrigerant into liquefied refrigerant to form a refrigerant circulation system.
In this scheme, through the compressor 10, the entire refrigerant is formed into a circulation system in the condenser and the evaporator, and the state change of the refrigerant state and the circulation of the entire refrigeration are realized, so that it can be conveniently used in the tunnel.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The cooling method for the construction of the extra-long highway tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Setting a plurality of movable refrigerating devices for cooling the constructed tunnel section and the under-constructed tunnel section;
2) Carrying out local cooling and local dust removal on the range of the tunnel face 100 m;
3) Discharging the refrigeration device and the thermal cycle after the partial cooling;
in the step 2), the partial cooling is performed within the range of the tunnel face 100m, specifically:
In the tunnel construction, for the position which is far from the construction second lining by 28-32m and is already constructed, the refrigerating device is placed near the edge part filled by the inverted arch;
The refrigerating device comprises a water cooling system and an air cooling system, wherein the water cooling system conveys cooling water into the tunnel through an axial flow fan and an air belt; the air cooling system provides hot air Q1 through a compressor, and cools the hot air Q1 into hot air Q2 through a refrigerant in an evaporator and conveys the hot air Q2 into tunnel construction, and cooling water in the water cooling system simultaneously cools the refrigerant in the air cooling system;
the air cooling system comprises a condenser, the cooling water of the water cooling system is used for cooling liquid refrigerant in the condenser and conveying the liquid refrigerant to an evaporator, so that the liquid refrigerant is converted into gaseous refrigerant, and the evaporator is communicated with the condenser through a compressor;
The distance between the movable refrigerating devices is 500m-600m;
The water cooling system comprises a water tank, a circulating water pump and a back cooler which are connected in sequence, and the water pump is used for heat exchange in the back cooler;
the local dust removal in the step 2) is specifically that dust removal ventilation equipment is arranged at the position 180-220m away from the tunnel face for the constructed secondary lining;
the step 3) is specifically for the emission of the thermal cycle after the refrigeration device and the local cooling: and naturally discharging the obtained heat into the tunnel drainage ditch through the pipeline.
2. The method for cooling down the tunnel construction of extra-long highway according to claim 1, wherein before the step 1), the method further comprises the steps of measuring the thermal environment parameters of the tunnel excavation face and the actual temperature of the tunnel, and obtaining the power of cooling equipment by combining the construction requirement temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the length of the extra-long highway tunnel is at least 10Km.
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| CN111828077A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-27 | 山东宝成制冷设备有限公司 | Cooling, dehumidifying and dust-settling equipment for tunnel |
| CN111894649B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2024-05-03 | 河北工业大学 | Trolley-based cooling system for high-ground-temperature geological tunnel and application method |
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| CN101737073A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-06-16 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | Mobile cooling and refrigerating unit |
| CN102644474A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-22 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | Mobile cooling refrigeration device for mine |
| CN207538850U (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-26 | 中交二公局第三工程有限公司 | Air-cooled circulating water cooling system in a kind of tunnel |
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| US6848267B2 (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2005-02-01 | Tas, Ltd. | Packaged chilling systems for building air conditioning and process cooling |
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| CN101737073A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-06-16 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | Mobile cooling and refrigerating unit |
| CN102644474A (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-22 | 大连亿斯德制冷设备有限公司 | Mobile cooling refrigeration device for mine |
| CN207538850U (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-26 | 中交二公局第三工程有限公司 | Air-cooled circulating water cooling system in a kind of tunnel |
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