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CN110703410B - An unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system - Google Patents

An unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system Download PDF

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CN110703410B
CN110703410B CN201910826538.0A CN201910826538A CN110703410B CN 110703410 B CN110703410 B CN 110703410B CN 201910826538 A CN201910826538 A CN 201910826538A CN 110703410 B CN110703410 B CN 110703410B
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lens
optical system
reflector
focal length
star sensor
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CN110703410A (en
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伍雁雄
谭海曙
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Foshan University
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Foshan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0055Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
    • G02B13/0065Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element having a beam-folding prism or mirror
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
    • G02B13/0015Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
    • G02B13/005Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having spherical lenses only

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an unobstructed long-focus star sensor optical system, which comprises an aperture diaphragm, a front lens group, a reflecting mirror group, a rear lens group and an image surface, wherein the front lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the aperture diaphragm is positioned in front of the first lens, the reflecting mirror group comprises a main reflecting mirror and a secondary reflecting mirror, and the rear lens group comprises a third lens and a fourth lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back.

Description

Non-obscuration long-focal-length star sensor optical system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to an unobscured long-focal-length star sensor optical system.
Background
In the known inertial navigation device, the star sensor serves as one of the measuring instruments with the highest measuring accuracy, which can reach sub-second levels or even higher. Because the star sensor adopts an optical system to detect the star light signals with stable space position and spectrum distribution, the measurement precision does not drift along with time, and stable three-axis attitude angle information output is provided for the long-time high-precision flight of the aerospace craft, the star sensor is widely applied in the field of high-precision autonomous navigation.
The star sensor optical system is used as a core device of the star sensor and is a key component for realizing star spectral energy collection with high signal-to-noise ratio and star centroid position detection with high precision. The object detected by the star sensor optical system is a star with weak energy and wide spectral distribution, and belongs to point target detection.
The main parameters of the star sensor optical system include focal length, field of view, relative aperture, imaging spectrum, single star measurement accuracy, etc. The focal length of the star sensor optical system is inversely proportional to the single star measurement accuracy, and the longer the focal length is, the higher the measurement accuracy is. The focal length of the current main star sensor optical system is generally not more than 50mm, most of the current main star sensor optical system is concentrated in the range of 20 mm-30 mm, the detection view field is relatively large, the detection spectrum range is generally not more than 300nm, the single star measurement precision is not high, and the star detection capability is relatively limited. In order to pursue higher star detection accuracy, it is an effective means to employ a long focal length optical system. With the development of the technology in the fields of high-resolution earth three-dimensional mapping cameras, space astronomical observation telescopes, space guided weapon systems and the like, demands are put forward for satellite sensors with even higher accuracy in the sub-second level, and key performances such as high-accuracy earth positioning, long-time image stabilizing observation or autonomous navigation of long-endurance flight gestures of an application system are met. The core technology is that a long-focus star sensor optical system is adopted to improve the resolution of a single pixel, and then a subdivision algorithm is adopted to further improve the resolution precision of the mass center. However, when the focal length of the star sensor optical system approaches or reaches the meter level, the pure transmission optical system is long in system size, the second-order spectral aberration under the broad spectrum is difficult to correct, the collection of the star optical signal with the broad spectrum cannot be realized, the application requirements of a space platform cannot be met in terms of volume and performance, and the reflection optical system can realize the folding of an optical path to obtain a compact optical system layout design, but the aspheric surface is required to be adopted in the aspect of correcting the aberration, the manufacturing and adjusting difficulties are high, and the cost is not beneficial to reduction.
Further researches show that the coaxial catadioptric optical system can effectively solve the design contradiction and realize the design of high image quality and light miniaturization, but the central obscuration is caused by the shielding of the secondary reflector, the central Airy spot diffracts energy to be transferred to a secondary peak, and the energy concentration performance is reduced. On the premise of consistent relative aperture, even if the optical system reaches the diffraction limit image quality, the optical system with obscuration cannot reach the same star optical signal gathering capacity as the optical system without obscuration, thereby causing the performance of the star sensor optical system to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the central obscuration of the existing star sensor optical system causes the reduction of the energy concentration.
The invention provides an optical system of an unobscured long-focus star sensor, which adopts a catadioptric structure type with an aperture off-axis, greatly reduces the size of the optical system and is beneficial to star detection.
The invention solves the technical problems as follows:
The non-blocking long-focus star sensor optical system comprises an aperture diaphragm, a front lens group, a reflecting mirror group, a rear lens group and an image surface, wherein the front lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the aperture diaphragm is positioned in front of the first lens, the reflecting mirror group comprises a main reflecting mirror and a secondary reflecting mirror, the main reflecting mirror is positioned behind the second lens, the secondary reflecting mirror is positioned below the second lens, the rear lens group comprises a third lens and a fourth lens which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the rear lens group is positioned behind the secondary reflecting mirror, and the image surface is positioned behind the fourth lens;
The first lens is a meniscus negative focal power lens, the second lens is a biconvex positive focal power lens, and the third lens and the fourth lens are both meniscus negative focal power lenses;
The distance between the center of the aperture diaphragm and the optical axis of the optical system is an off-axis quantity h, the aperture of an entrance pupil is D, the height of the upper edge light ray of the secondary reflector from the optical axis is h B2, and h, D and h B2 satisfy the following conditions:
10mm≤h-(D/2+hB2)≤35mm;
The incident light sequentially passes through the aperture diaphragm, the first lens and the second lens and irradiates the main reflector, the main reflector reflects the incident light to the secondary reflector, the light beam is reflected again on the secondary reflector to form reflected light, and the reflected light sequentially passes through the third lens and the fourth lens and forms an image on an image plane.
The invention adopts the structure type of the catadioptric optical system based on the aperture off-axis, can obtain the design result that the length of the optical system is far smaller than the focal length, avoids the problem that the coaxial catadioptric optical system generates central obscuration, and improves the energy concentration performance.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the optical power of the first lens isThe focal power of the second lens isThe focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
As a further improvement of the technical proposal, the combined focal power of the reflecting mirror group is that The focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
as a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combined focal power of the rear lens group is The focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the distance from the aperture stop to the image plane is the total length L of the optical system, and the focal length of the optical system is f, where L and f satisfy:
L/f≤0.34。
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are all of the same crown glass.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the main reflecting mirror and the secondary reflecting mirror are both spherical.
The first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are all spherical lenses.
The optical system has reasonable focal power distribution, and all lenses and reflectors are spherical surfaces, so that the processing, manufacturing and assembling tolerances are loose, the processing difficulty and the assembling and adjusting difficulty are reduced, and the manufacturability and the assembling yield of the long-focal-length star sensor optical system are improved.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the front surface curvature radius of the first lens is-311.8 mm, the back surface curvature radius is-561.2 mm, the center thickness is 8mm, the light-transmitting aperture of the lens is phi 75mm, the front surface curvature radius of the second lens is 2911.5mm, the back surface curvature radius is-958.6 mm, the center thickness is 17mm, the light-transmitting aperture of the lens is phi 75mm, the main reflector is a concave reflector, the curvature radius is-598.6 mm, and the light-transmitting aperture is phi 75mmThe secondary reflector is a convex reflector, the curvature radius is-273.8 mm, and the light-transmitting caliber isThe radius of curvature of the front surface of the third lens is-47.1 mm, the radius of curvature of the rear surface of the third lens is-66.5 mm, the center thickness of the third lens is 8mm, and the aperture of light transmission isThe curvature radius of the front surface of the fourth lens is 32.6mm, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the fourth lens is 21.2mm, the center thickness of the fourth lens is 15mm, and the light transmission caliber is
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the distance between the rear surface of the first lens and the front surface of the second lens is 0.1mm, the distance between the rear surface of the second lens and the front surface of the main mirror is 215mm, the distance between the front surface of the main mirror and the rear surface of the sub-mirror is 215mm, the distance between the front surface of the third lens and the rear surface of the sub-mirror is 178.5mm, the distance between the rear surface of the third lens and the front surface of the fourth lens is 0.1mm, and the distance between the rear surface of the fourth lens and the image plane is 18.3mm.
The invention realizes the design of the star sensor optical system with the focal length close to the meter level, the detection spectrum range reaches 650nm, the star position measurement precision and the star light energy collection are improved, and the star detection capability can be improved by more than 1 time under the same detection caliber.
The invention adopts the catadioptric structure type based on the aperture off-axis, effectively shortens the size of the long-focus star sensor optical system, solves the central blocking problem caused by the coaxial catadioptric system, and improves the energy concentration performance of the detected star optical signal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings described are only some embodiments of the invention, but not all embodiments, and that other designs and drawings can be obtained from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of an optical system of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of energy concentration for an unobstructed optical system to an obstructed optical system;
FIG. 3 is an optical transfer function curve of the optical system of the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is an energy concentration curve of the optical system of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, all connection relationships mentioned herein do not refer to direct connection of the components, but rather, refer to a connection structure that may be better formed by adding or subtracting connection aids depending on the particular implementation. The technical features in the invention can be interactively combined on the premise of no contradiction and conflict.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, an unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system includes an aperture stop 800, a front lens group, a mirror group, a rear lens group and an image plane 700, wherein the front lens group includes a first lens 100 and a second lens 200 sequentially disposed from front to back, the aperture stop 800 is located in front of the first lens 100, the mirror group includes a main mirror 300 and a sub-mirror 400, the main mirror 300 is located behind the second lens 200, the sub-mirror 400 is below the second lens 200, the rear lens group includes a third lens 500 and a fourth lens 600 sequentially disposed from front to back, the rear lens group is located behind the sub-mirror 400, and the image plane 700 is located behind the fourth lens 600;
the first lens 100 is a meniscus negative power lens, the second lens 200 is a biconvex positive power lens, and the third lens 500 and the fourth lens 600 are both meniscus negative power lenses;
The incident light sequentially passes through the aperture stop 800, the first lens 100 and the second lens 200 to be directed to the main mirror 300, the main mirror 300 reflects the incident light to the sub-mirror 400, the light beam is reflected again by the sub-mirror 400 to form reflected light, and the reflected light sequentially passes through the third lens 500 and the fourth lens 600 to be imaged on the image plane 700.
The first lens 100 and the second lens 200 constitute a double separation lens, and the third lens 500 and the fourth lens 600 constitute a double separation lens.
Referring to fig. 1, where O is an optical axis of the optical system, h is a distance between a center of the aperture stop 800 and the optical axis, D is an entrance pupil diameter of the optical system, and h B2 is a height of an upper edge ray of the sub-mirror 400 from the optical axis.
The distance between the center of the aperture stop 800 and the optical axis of the optical system is an off-axis amount h, the aperture of the entrance pupil is D, and the height of the upper edge ray of the secondary reflector 400 from the optical axis is h B2, where h, D and h B2 satisfy:
10mm≤h-(D/2+hB2)≤35mm。
In order to avoid shielding light, it is critical to reasonably select and design the aperture off-axis amount of the optical system, so that on the premise of ensuring compact design of the optical system, on one hand, the height of the light on the secondary reflector 400 is reduced as much as possible, on the other hand, the distance between the center of the aperture stop 800 and the optical axis, that is, the off-axis amount should ensure that the light cannot overlap with the secondary reflector 400 when passing through the front lens group, and in addition, the interval between the rear lens group and the secondary reflector 400 should not be designed to be too large, otherwise, the difficulty of correcting optical aberration is large, and the volume of the optical system perpendicular to the optical axis direction is also large.
The invention adopts the structure type of the catadioptric optical system based on the aperture off-axis, can obtain the design result that the length of the optical system is far smaller than the focal length, avoids the problem that the coaxial catadioptric optical system generates central obscuration, and improves the energy concentration performance.
As a preferred embodiment, the first lens 100 has an optical power ofThe second lens 200 has optical power ofThe focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
The combined focal power of the front lens group is Close to zero.
As a preferred embodiment, the combined optical power of the mirror group isThe focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
as a preferred embodiment, the rear lens group has a combined optical power of The focal power of the optical system isWherein the method comprises the steps ofAndThe method meets the following conditions:
as a preferred embodiment, the primary mirror 300 and the secondary mirror 400 each have a spherical surface shape.
As a preferred embodiment, the first lens 100, the second lens 200, the third lens 500, and the fourth lens 600 are all of the same crown glasses.
The first lens 100, the second lens 200, the third lens 500 and the fourth lens 600 are spherical lenses.
In order to reduce the processing and manufacturing cost of the optical system and obtain a design scheme with high cost performance, the reflector and the lens of the invention adopt spherical surfaces, and the manufacturing and the detection of all optical elements can be realized by adopting a conventional processing technology.
The optical system adopts a catadioptric optical system structure type based on aperture off-axis, thereby not only avoiding the difficult problem that a pure transmission optical system is difficult to correct wide spectrum chromatic aberration, especially secondary spectrum under the long focal length design condition, being capable of obtaining the design result that the length of the optical system is far smaller than the focal length, but also avoiding the problem that the coaxial catadioptric optical system generates central obscuration, and improving the energy concentration performance.
In operation, the star optical signal passes through the front lens group, which is a double-split lens with a combined optical power close to zero, the light propagation direction is basically unchanged, and then the optical signal is collected through the spherical primary mirror 300 and the spherical secondary mirror 400, and the mirror group bears the main optical power of the optical system. Since the mirrors are spherical, a large amount of aberrations such as spherical aberration and coma are generated, and these aberrations are mainly corrected by the front lens group. When the focal power of the front lens group is close to zero, even if the same glass material is adopted, the generated axial chromatic aberration and vertical chromatic aberration are very small, and the reflector does not generate chromatic aberration, so that the spectrum design of the ultra-wide spectrum band is realized. The double split lens of the rear lens group corrects residual spherical aberration, coma, chromatic aberration, and distortion aberration.
The optical system has the advantages of realizing compact design by highly folding an optical path under a long focal length, avoiding the use of a large-chromatic-aberration optical element, realizing low-chromatic-aberration and secondary spectrum design, obtaining ultra-wide spectrum detection, greatly reducing processing and manufacturing cost by adopting a global optical element, avoiding the problem of reduced energy concentration of central Airy spots caused by central blocking and improving the aggregation capability of a fixed star optical signal.
As a preferred embodiment, the distance from the aperture stop 800 to the image plane 700 is the total length L of the optical system, and the focal length of the optical system is f, where L and f satisfy:
L/f≤0.34。
as a preferred embodiment, the first lens 100 has a front surface with a radius of curvature of-311.8 mm, a rear surface with a radius of curvature of-561.2 mm, a center with a thickness of 8mm, a lens aperture of phi 75mm, the second lens 200 has a front surface with a radius of curvature of 2911.5mm, a rear surface with a radius of curvature of-958.6 mm, a center with a thickness of 17mm, a lens aperture of phi 75mm, the main mirror 300 is a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of-598.6 mm, and an aperture of phi 75mm The secondary reflector 400 is a convex reflector with a radius of curvature of-273.8 mm and a light-transmitting apertureThe third lens 500 has a front surface with a radius of curvature of-47.1 mm, a rear surface with a radius of curvature of-66.5 mm, a center thickness of 8mm, and a light-transmitting aperture ofThe fourth lens 600 has a front surface with a radius of curvature of 32.6mm, a rear surface with a radius of curvature of 21.2mm, a center thickness of 15mm, and a light-transmitting aperture of
As a preferred embodiment, the distance between the rear surface of the first lens 100 and the front surface of the second lens 200 is 0.1mm, the distance between the rear surface of the second lens 200 and the front surface of the main mirror 300 is 215mm, the distance between the front surface of the main mirror 300 and the rear surface of the sub-mirror 400 is 215mm, the distance between the front surface of the third lens 500 and the rear surface of the sub-mirror 400 is 178.5mm, the distance between the rear surface of the third lens 500 and the front surface of the fourth lens 600 is 0.1mm, and the distance between the rear surface of the fourth lens 600 and the image plane 700 is 18.3mm.
The specific parameters achieved by the optical system of the embodiment are as follows:
Full sphere optical system with focal length of 800mm and entrance pupil caliber of The field angle is 1.5 degrees, the spectrum range is 450-1100 nm, the image quality is close to the diffraction limit, the average transfer function MTF of the whole field is better than 0.42@50lp/mm, the total length of the optical system (the distance from the aperture diaphragm 800 of the optical system to the image surface 700) is 270mm, and the ratio of the total length to the focal length is 0.338.
When the optical system is matched with a cmos detector with the pixel size of 5.5 mu m, the resolution precision of a single pixel reaches 1.38''.
The invention realizes the design of the star sensor optical system with the focal length close to the meter level, the detection spectrum range reaches 650nm, the star position measurement precision and the star light energy collection are improved, and the star detection capability can be improved by more than 1 time under the same detection caliber.
The invention adopts the catadioptric structure type based on the global optical element, effectively shortens the size of the long-focus star sensor optical system, can meet various aircraft platforms with strict requirements on weight and size in space, and solves the contradiction between light and small size and high precision design.
The optical system has reasonable focal power distribution, and all lenses and reflectors are spherical surfaces, so that the processing, manufacturing and assembling tolerances are loose, the processing difficulty and the assembling and adjusting difficulty are reduced, and the manufacturability and the assembling yield of the long-focal-length star sensor optical system are improved.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 depicts the energy concentration profile comparison results for a centered, blocked optical system and an unblinded optical system when the relative aperture is uniform and the optical system image quality reaches the diffraction limit. When the relative aperture takes F/10.6 and the blocking ratio (the ratio of the blocked light spot area to the entrance pupil area at the entrance pupil position) takes a typical value of 16%, P1 is an unobstructed energy concentration curve, and P2 is an obstructed energy concentration curve. As can be seen, with the obscuration,The energy concentration degree in the diameter range reaches 73.5 percent, under the condition of no obscuration,The energy concentration degree in the diameter range reaches 86.5%, and the energy concentration degree performance is improved by more than 17.7% compared with the blocking condition.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows the distribution of the optical transfer function curve of the whole optical system in the embodiment of the invention, the average optical transfer function value of the optical system reaches more than 0.42 at 50lp/mm, and the imaging quality is excellent.
Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 illustrates the energy concentration profile of an optical system in an embodiment of the invention, except for the fringe field of viewThe energy concentration in the range reaches more than 80%, and the star optical signals are better concentrated.
The invention provides a high-precision star sensor optical system scheme suitable for a space application platform. The focal length of the optical system reaches 800mm, the spectral range is 450 nm-1100 nm. The optical system has the characteristics of compact space layout, strong light collecting capability, high energy concentration degree and the like.
While the preferred embodiment of the present application has been described in detail, the application is not limited to the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, and these modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present application as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1.一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:包括孔径光阑、前透镜组、反射镜组、后透镜组和像面,所述前透镜组包括自前向后依次设置的第一透镜和第二透镜,所述孔径光阑位于所述第一透镜的前方,所述反射镜组包括主反射镜和次反射镜,所述主反射镜位于所述第二透镜的后方,所述次反射镜位于所述第二透镜的下方,所述后透镜组包括自前向后依次设置的第三透镜和第四透镜,所述后透镜组位于所述次反射镜的后方,所述像面位于所述第四透镜的后方;1. An unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system, characterized in that it comprises an aperture stop, a front lens group, a reflector group, a rear lens group and an image plane, wherein the front lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens arranged in sequence from front to back, the aperture stop is located in front of the first lens, the reflector group comprises a primary reflector and a secondary reflector, the primary reflector is located behind the second lens, the secondary reflector is located below the second lens, the rear lens group comprises a third lens and a fourth lens arranged in sequence from front to back, the rear lens group is located behind the secondary reflector, and the image plane is located behind the fourth lens; 所述第一透镜为弯月形负光焦度透镜,所述第二透镜为双凸正光焦度透镜,所述第三透镜和第四透镜均为弯月形负光焦度透镜;The first lens is a meniscus lens with negative power, the second lens is a biconvex lens with positive power, and the third lens and the fourth lens are both meniscus lenses with negative power; 所述孔径光阑的中心与所述光学系统光轴的距离为离轴量h,入瞳口径为D,次反射镜的上边缘光线距离光轴的高度为hB2,其中h、D和hB2满足:The distance between the center of the aperture stop and the optical axis of the optical system is the off-axis amount h, the entrance pupil diameter is D, and the height of the upper edge light of the secondary reflector from the optical axis is h B2 , where h, D and h B2 satisfy: 10mm≤h-(D/2+hB2)≤35mm;10mm≤h-(D/2+h B2 )≤35mm; 入射光依次通过孔径光阑、第一透镜和第二透镜射向主反射镜,主反射镜反射入射光到次反射镜,光束在次反射镜再次发生反射形成反射光,反射光依次通过第三透镜和第四透镜后在像面成像;The incident light passes through the aperture stop, the first lens, and the second lens in sequence to the primary reflector. The primary reflector reflects the incident light to the secondary reflector. The light beam is reflected again at the secondary reflector to form reflected light. The reflected light passes through the third lens and the fourth lens in sequence to form an image on the image plane. 所述第一透镜的光焦度为φA1,所述第二透镜的光焦度为φA2,所述光学系统的光焦度为φ,其中φA1、φA2和φ满足:The focal power of the first lens is φA1, the focal power of the second lens is φA2, and the focal power of the optical system is φ, where φA1, φA2 and φ satisfy: -0.68≤φA1/φ≤-0.50;-0.68≤φA1/φ≤-0.50; 0.50≤φA2/φ≤0.68;0.50≤φA2/φ≤0.68; 所述反射镜组的组合光焦度为φB,所述光学系统的光焦度为φ,其中φB和φ满足:The combined focal power of the reflector group is φB, and the focal power of the optical system is φ, where φB and φ satisfy: 1.05≤φB/φ≤1.25。1.05≤φB/φ≤1.25. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述后透镜组的组合光焦度为φC,所述光学系统的光焦度为φ,其中φC和φ满足:2. The optical system of the unobstructed long focal length star sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combined focal power of the rear lens group is φC, the focal power of the optical system is φ, wherein φC and φ satisfy: -6.85≤φC/φ≤-5.85。-6.85≤φC/φ≤-5.85. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述孔径光阑到像面的距离为所述光学系统的总长L,所述光学系统的焦距为f,则L和f满足:3. The unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance from the aperture stop to the image plane is the total length L of the optical system, the focal length of the optical system is f, then L and f satisfy: L/f≤0.34。L/f≤0.34. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一透镜、第二透镜、第三透镜和第四透镜均为同种冕牌玻璃。4. The unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system according to claim 1, wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens and the fourth lens are all made of the same crown glass. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述主反射镜和次反射镜均采用球面面型。5. The unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that both the primary reflector and the secondary reflector are spherical. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一透镜的前表面曲率半径为-311.8mm,后表面曲率半径为-561.2mm,中心厚度为8mm,透镜通光口径为φ75mm;所述第二透镜的前表面曲率半径为2911.5mm,后表面曲率半径为-958.6mm,中心厚度为17mm,透镜通光口径为φ75mm;所述主反射镜为凹面反射镜,曲率半径为-598.6mm,通光口径为φ84mm;所述次反射镜为凸面反射镜,曲率半径为-273.8mm,通光口径为φ24mm;所述第三透镜的前表面曲率半径为-47.1mm,后表面曲率半径为-66.5mm,中心厚度为8mm,通光口径为φ21mm;所述第四透镜的前表面曲率半径为32.6mm,后表面曲率半径为21.2mm,中心厚度为15mm,通光口径为φ16.2mm。6. The optical system of an unobstructed long focal length star sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first lens has a front surface curvature radius of -311.8 mm, a rear surface curvature radius of -561.2 mm, a center thickness of 8 mm, and a lens aperture of φ75 mm; the second lens has a front surface curvature radius of 2911.5 mm, a rear surface curvature radius of -958.6 mm, a center thickness of 17 mm, and a lens aperture of φ75 mm; the main reflector is a concave reflector with a curvature semi-circular shape. The diameter is -598.6mm, and the aperture is φ84mm; the secondary reflector is a convex reflector with a curvature radius of -273.8mm and a clear aperture of φ24mm; the front surface curvature radius of the third lens is -47.1mm, the rear surface curvature radius is -66.5mm, the center thickness is 8mm, and the clear aperture is φ21mm; the front surface curvature radius of the fourth lens is 32.6mm, the rear surface curvature radius is 21.2mm, the center thickness is 15mm, and the clear aperture is φ16.2mm. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无遮拦长焦距星敏感器光学系统,其特征在于:所述第一透镜的后表面与所述第二透镜的前表面的距离为0.1mm;所述第二透镜的后表面与所述主反射镜的前表面的距离为215mm,所述主反射镜的前表面与所述次反射镜的后表面的距离为215mm;所述第三透镜的前表面与所述次反射镜的后表面的距离为178.5mm;所述第三透镜的后表面与所述第四透镜的前表面的距离为0.1mm,所述第四透镜的后表面到像面的距离为18.3mm。7. The unobstructed long focal length star sensor optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the rear surface of the first lens and the front surface of the second lens is 0.1 mm; the distance between the rear surface of the second lens and the front surface of the primary reflector is 215 mm, and the distance between the front surface of the primary reflector and the rear surface of the secondary reflector is 215 mm; the distance between the front surface of the third lens and the rear surface of the secondary reflector is 178.5 mm; the distance between the rear surface of the third lens and the front surface of the fourth lens is 0.1 mm, and the distance from the rear surface of the fourth lens to the image plane is 18.3 mm.
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