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CN110727025A - Hidden fault recognition method - Google Patents

Hidden fault recognition method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110727025A
CN110727025A CN201910774894.2A CN201910774894A CN110727025A CN 110727025 A CN110727025 A CN 110727025A CN 201910774894 A CN201910774894 A CN 201910774894A CN 110727025 A CN110727025 A CN 110727025A
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China
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fault
seismic data
hidden
seismic
hidden fault
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CN201910774894.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨卫琪
熊健
付江娜
郭佳玉
宋灿灿
张聪
林中
张成壮
王雷
李岩
黎腾
于群达
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
China Petrochemical Corp
Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
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China Petrochemical Corp
Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Henan Oilfield Branch Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a hidden fault identification method. The chaotic attribute bodies are extracted from the seismic data after smooth filtering processing, and then the ant colony algorithm is used for detecting and picking up the hidden fault information, so that the influence of background noise is reduced, the hidden fault can be accurately identified even when the seismic event has no obvious fault, the identification of the hidden fault is relatively accurate, the problem of low coherent false appearance caused by using coherent bodies is avoided, and the well position drilling work is facilitated.

Description

Hidden fault recognition method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a hidden fault identification method.
Background
In the existing exploration and development, obvious structural oil reservoirs are basically discovered, and the identification of hidden oil reservoirs is difficult to realize. In the development of hidden oil reservoirs, hidden fault identification is needed in the aspects of deployment of a development well pattern, solution of injection-production contradictions, oil-water contradictions, storage-production contradictions and the like. Because the hidden fault has a small fault distance and a short extension distance, the hidden fault is difficult to identify by naked eyes on a seismic section, and great difficulty is often caused in explaining the fault. Therefore, in the process of explaining the seismic data, various technical means need to be comprehensively applied to pertinently and finely identify the hidden fault.
A patent application document with Chinese patent application publication No. CN109001801A discloses a fault variable scale identification method based on a multiple iteration ant colony algorithm, which is used for preprocessing a seismic data body and processing actual seismic data by using an improved coherent body algorithm according to the preprocessed seismic data body; and determining threshold values and weight coefficients of various parameters of fault identification of different scales through multiple tests by using a multiple iteration ant colony algorithm, and finally realizing automatic fault identification. However, in the actual interpretation process, the influence of background noise and the influence of no obvious fault of the seismic event can cause low coherent artifact and difficult hidden fault identification of coherent bodies, which causes errors in hidden fault identification and may cause the loss of well position drilling deployed according to the result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hidden fault identification method which is used for solving the problem that the existing hidden fault identification is inaccurate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hidden fault identification method, including the steps of:
1) acquiring original three-dimensional seismic data, and performing smooth filtering processing on the original three-dimensional seismic data;
2) extracting a chaotic attribute body from the seismic data after the smoothing filtering processing;
3) and carrying out boundary detection and boundary pickup on the chaotic attribute body according to an iterative ant colony algorithm to obtain initial hidden fault information.
The method has the advantages that the chaotic attribute bodies are extracted from the seismic data after the smoothing filtering processing, and then the ant colony algorithm is used for detecting and picking up the hidden fault information, so that the influence of background noise is reduced, the hidden fault can be accurately identified even if the seismic event has no obvious fault, the identification of the hidden fault is relatively accurate, the problem of low coherent false image caused by using coherent bodies is avoided, and the well position drilling work is facilitated.
Further, in order to finely pick up hidden fault information and filter false fault information in a chaotic body, the iterative ant colony algorithm is to firstly apply active ant tracking to carry out boundary detection, then use passive ant tracking to carry out boundary pick-up on the detected boundary information, and repeat the active ant tracking and the passive ant tracking until an iteration condition is met. The fracture information can be most effectively depicted through a combination mode of firstly tracing the active ants and then tracing the passive ants.
Further, in order to enable the reserved information to be useful fault information, performing attitude control on the initial concealed fault information to filter out interlayer information with an inclination angle smaller than a set angle, and obtaining final concealed fault information.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose of finely explaining the hidden fault to obtain the fault distance and the spread characteristics of the hidden fault, the identification method also comprises the step of determining the final fault distance of the hidden fault information according to the seismic response characteristic analysis and the seismic section; the seismic response feature analysis comprises:
time segmentation is carried out on the original three-dimensional seismic data, and the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods is obtained through analysis;
and according to the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods, obtaining the seismic response characteristics of the fault with different fault distances and different main frequencies through forward modeling.
Furthermore, in the smooth filtering process, the parameters of the main survey line direction and the cross survey line direction in the selected filtering window are both smaller than the vertical parameters. Therefore, the effect of better filtering random noise can be achieved, the section is clearer and smoother, and fault information can be picked up conveniently.
Furthermore, in order to better identify the hidden fault and keep the clutter reflection information of the hidden fault as much as possible, the chaotic attribute body is obtained by calculating the dip angle similarity of the interlayer seismic reflection waves in the seismic data body according to the relative size of the local structure tensor eigenvalue and the combination parameter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a concealed fault identification method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a comparison of the original three-dimensional seismic data of the present invention with smooth filtered three-dimensional seismic data;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the results of the chaotic attribute body extraction for three-dimensional seismic data after smoothing filtering according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of ant body slices after active ant tracing according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ant body slice extracted after the combination of active ant tracing and passive ant tracing according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a dominant frequency analysis of three-dimensional seismic data over different time periods in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the results of seismic response characteristics of faults under different dominant frequencies and different fault distances obtained by forward simulation of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the concealed fault identification results of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the time slicing results of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the seismic profiling results of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a hidden fault identification method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
1) and acquiring original three-dimensional seismic data, and performing smooth filtering processing on the original three-dimensional seismic data.
As shown in figure 2, the proper construction smoothing parameters are selected to carry out filtering smoothing processing on the original three-dimensional seismic data, the essence is to carry out median filtering on the original three-dimensional seismic data, the random noise interference is eliminated, and the real stratum reflection information is highlighted. As other embodiments, the smoothing filtering process may also be implemented by other prior art methods.
2) And extracting the chaotic attribute body from the seismic data after the smoothing filtering processing.
The chaotic attribute body is obtained by calculating the dip angle similarity of the inter-layer seismic reflection waves in the seismic data body according to the relative size of the local structure tensor eigenvalue and the determination of the combination parameters, and the chaotic reflection bands and the reflection-free bands among the orderly reflections are detected by describing the reflection characteristics of the seismic reflection waves in the stratum and the continuous change of the reflection structure, so that the seismic chaotic reflection phase is highlighted and is sensitive to micro-scale section information. As shown in fig. 3, the result of extracting the chaotic attribute body from the three-dimensional seismic data after the smoothing filtering process is shown. Because the identification of the large fault is relatively easy, when the chaotic attribute body is selected and applied to identify the hidden fault, the parameter selection is mainly used for identifying the hidden fault, so that the extracted parameter is as small as possible, and the chaotic reflection information of the hidden fault is kept as much as possible.
3) And carrying out boundary detection and boundary pickup on the chaotic attribute body according to an iterative ant colony algorithm to obtain initial hidden fault information.
In order to finely pick up hidden fault information and filter false fault information in a chaotic attribute body, on the basis of the chaotic attribute body, active ant tracking is firstly used for detecting boundary information to obtain an active ant body, and the result is shown in figure 4. On the basis of the active ant body, the detected boundary information is picked up by using passive ant tracking to obtain a passive ant body, and as a result, as shown in fig. 5, the creeping characteristics of the ant are relatively conservative and a stronger signal is needed to process the trend of the next step. In this embodiment, the ant colony algorithm is an active-first passive-second passive manner, and as other embodiments, a passive-first active-second active manner may be adopted, or only active ant tracking is adopted, or only passive ant tracking is adopted.
The detection and extraction are carried out through a plurality of times of active-passive combination modes, and the situation that the fracture information can be most effectively described through the active-passive combination mode is found. In the process of extracting the chaotic attribute body, the active ant body and the passive ant body, in order to pick up more acute hidden fault information identified by the chaotic attribute body, the values of three parameters of the initial boundary range, the tracking step length and the ant tracking track deviation degree of the active ant body and the passive ant body are small, and the other three parameters are continuously adjusted according to the actual seismic data condition so as to achieve the best picking up effect.
4) And performing attitude control on the initial hidden fault information, and filtering out interlayer information with an inclination angle smaller than a set small angle to obtain final hidden fault information, wherein the set small angle is a smaller angle value.
The results of manual interpretation of seismic data show that the normal fault with a development dip angle of more than 45 degrees is mainly in the north-east direction, and the stratigraphic dip angle is less than 35 degrees in the research area. And applying the attitude control on the basis of the initial concealed fault information to filter out interlayer information with the inclination angle of less than 35 degrees, so that useful fault information is reserved.
5) And determining the fault distance of the final concealed fault information according to the seismic response characteristic analysis and the seismic section.
Wherein the seismic response characteristic analysis comprises:
time segmentation is carried out on the original three-dimensional seismic data, and the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods is obtained through analysis;
and according to the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods, obtaining the seismic response characteristics of the fault with different fault distances and different main frequencies through forward modeling.
Taking the three-dimensional seismic data of the GC area of the GC field as an example, the dominant frequencies of the three-dimensional seismic data in the three time periods of 100-500 ms, 500-1000 ms and 1000-1500ms within the time period of 100-1500ms are respectively analyzed, as shown in FIG. 6, the dominant frequencies in the three time periods are respectively 40Hz, 30Hz and 20 Hz. Meanwhile, faults with inclination angles larger than 45 degrees are mainly developed in the region, and the fault trend is mainly in the northeast direction.
The seismic response characteristics of the fault with the fault distance of 5 m-70 m are obtained by analyzing the main frequencies of 40Hz, 30Hz and 20Hz through forward modeling, as shown in FIG. 7, the fault with the fault distance of 10m or less is only slightly distorted on the seismic response and is difficult to identify by naked eyes, and the fault is difficult to explain. Because the response characteristics of the faults with the same fault distance under different main frequencies on the three-dimensional seismic data are different; therefore, the seismic response characteristics, which are the results of the forward modeling, can be used to determine the magnitude and reliability of the fault distance of the finally identified concealed fault.
Therefore, the finally identified hidden fault information is combined with the results of the seismic section and forward modeling to achieve the purpose of finely explaining the hidden fault, as shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the hidden fault which is difficult to identify by the conventional method such as time slicing and the like is finely identified by obtaining 820ms chaotic ant slices through the application of the method of the present invention, taking northwest hidden faults such as ①, ② and ③ as an example, the time value falls within a 500ms-1000ms time period and the main frequency of seismic data is about 30Hz through combining the results of the forward modeling, the seismic section response characteristics of hidden faults such as No. ① and No. ③ identified by the method of the present invention are compared with the seismic response forward results of different fault distance under the condition of 30Hz, and the seismic response characteristics of seismic sections such as No. ①, ② and ③ identified by the method of the present invention are similar to the seismic response forward results of faults with the fault distance of 5m under the condition of 30Hz, so the fault distance should be about 5m, the fault distance should be about ② and ③ and the response characteristics of the fault be similar to the fault distance under the condition of 10 Hz.
The method fully utilizes the advantage that the chaotic attribute bodies are sensitive to micro-scale fault identification, simultaneously further enhances the identification precision of the hidden fault by applying an active-passive combined ant tracking mode, filters non-fault information by applying occurrence control, and avoids the defects of the chaotic bodies in the process of identifying the hidden fault. And combining the final hidden fault identification result, the forward modeling result and the seismic section to finely identify the fault distance and the spread characteristic of the hidden fault. The method disclosed by the invention is applied to not only solve the injection-production contradiction among GC oil field development wells, provide a basis for reasonable deployment of a development well pattern, have good benefits and provide technical support for the excavation, potential and storage increasing work of old oil fields.
The present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments. In the thought given by the present invention, the technical means in the above embodiments are changed, replaced, modified in a manner that is easily imaginable to those skilled in the art, and the functions are basically the same as the corresponding technical means in the present invention, and the purpose of the invention is basically the same, so that the technical scheme formed by fine tuning the above embodiments still falls into the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A hidden fault identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring original three-dimensional seismic data, and performing smooth filtering processing on the original three-dimensional seismic data;
2) extracting a chaotic attribute body from the seismic data after the smoothing filtering processing;
3) and carrying out boundary detection and boundary pickup on the chaotic attribute body according to an iterative ant colony algorithm to obtain initial hidden fault information.
2. The hidden fault identification method of claim 1, wherein the iterative ant colony algorithm is to perform boundary detection by using active ant tracking, perform boundary picking on detected boundary information by using passive ant tracking, and repeat the active ant tracking and the passive ant tracking until an iteration condition is satisfied.
3. The hidden fault identification method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the initial hidden fault information is subjected to occurrence control to filter out interlayer information with an inclination angle smaller than a set angle, so as to obtain final hidden fault information.
4. The concealed fault identification method according to claim 3, characterized in that the identification method further comprises the step of determining the fault distance of the final concealed fault information according to the seismic response characteristic analysis and the seismic profile; the seismic response feature analysis comprises:
time segmentation is carried out on the original three-dimensional seismic data, and the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods is obtained through analysis;
and according to the main frequency of the seismic data in different time periods, obtaining the seismic response characteristics of the fault with different fault distances and different main frequencies through forward modeling.
5. The concealed fault identification method of claim 1, wherein in the smoothing filtering process, the parameters of the inline direction and the crossline direction in the selected filtering window are both smaller than the vertical parameters.
6. The hidden fault identification method of claim 1, wherein the chaotic attribute body is obtained by calculating the dip similarity of interlayer seismic reflection waves in the seismic data volume according to the relative size of the local structure tensor eigenvalues and the combination parameters.
CN201910774894.2A 2019-08-21 2019-08-21 Hidden fault recognition method Pending CN110727025A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113267815A (en) * 2021-07-07 2021-08-17 中海油田服务股份有限公司 Filtering method and device for repeated broken edge data
CN113640876A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-12 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 Method for finely identifying trapping column by using chaotic body attribute

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113267815A (en) * 2021-07-07 2021-08-17 中海油田服务股份有限公司 Filtering method and device for repeated broken edge data
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CN113640876A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-12 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 Method for finely identifying trapping column by using chaotic body attribute
CN113640876B (en) * 2021-07-09 2023-05-30 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 Method for carrying out fine recognition on collapse column by utilizing chaos attribute

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Application publication date: 20200124