CN110736596B - A portable vibration excitation system for simulating railway operation - Google Patents
A portable vibration excitation system for simulating railway operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110736596B CN110736596B CN201910992438.5A CN201910992438A CN110736596B CN 110736596 B CN110736596 B CN 110736596B CN 201910992438 A CN201910992438 A CN 201910992438A CN 110736596 B CN110736596 B CN 110736596B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations
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Abstract
The invention provides a portable excitation system for simulating rail operation, which comprises a stepping motor, a reduction gearbox, a bracket, a clamping device and an exciter. The vibration excitation device is fixed on a rail to be tested through the clamping device, the stepping motor on the bracket outputs power to two output shafts of the reduction gearbox evenly through the reduction gearbox, a single-tooth gear is arranged at the tail ends of the two output shafts respectively, the single-tooth gear continuously rotates to be meshed with teeth on the vibration excitation rod, the vibration excitation rod of the vibration excitation device is driven to move upwards, and the vibration excitation rod is reset under the action of spring force to impact the rail to be tested. The rotating speed of the stepping motor can be adjusted through the controller, different excitation frequencies are realized, and the impact force can be realized by adjusting the precompression amount of the spring. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, portability, simple installation and use method, high reliability and convenient on-site adjustment, and can simulate rail excitation signals under different working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of excitation systems, in particular to an electric control excitation system, and specifically relates to a portable electric loading system for simulating rail operation.
Background
The railway and subway construction industry in China is rapidly developed, and good economic and social benefits are obtained. Along with the continuous improvement of the rail transportation speed, the test operation of the rail and the state monitoring after a period of use are important guarantees for ensuring the safe operation of the rail transportation, and the detection of the rail operation state and the safety condition is one of the difficulties to be solved urgently by the current rail departments, and is the important issue for ensuring the long-time safe operation of the rail transportation.
Vibration of a rail under excitation of a train or a subway is key content for detecting the running state of the rail, and on-line detection of the rail is performed when the train or the subway runs, so that the method has the advantages of short time, high cost and high damage to on-site sensors and equipment, meanwhile, rail traffic near a building has certain influence on life, work and rest of residents, and therefore the problem caused by the vibration of the rail traffic is focused, and the influence on the rail, a foundation, the surrounding environment and the earth surface building caused by the vibration during normal running of the train or the subway is a main research direction.
At present, aiming at a multi-purpose heavy hammer method for simulating rail impact test, the heavy hammer method has huge equipment, the impact force and the impact frequency are difficult to adjust, and the method is not flexible enough.
Therefore, in order to actually simulate the real vibration characteristics of the rail during operation, a set of portable vibration excitation equipment with adjustable impact force and frequency is needed, so that a vibration source is provided for rail vibration research, and a new means is provided for experimental research of rail vibration monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a portable vibration excitation device for simulating rail operation, which is used for simulating vibration impact generated on a rail when a train or a subway runs on the rail and realizing adjustable vibration frequency and impact force. The device has the characteristics of convenient installation and adjustment, simple structure, low cost and the like, and can be well suitable for vibration impact of train rails or subway rails. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The portable excitation system for simulating rail operation is characterized by comprising a stepping motor, a gearbox assembly, an equipment bracket, an excitation device and a clamping device;
the stepping motor and gearbox assembly is arranged on the equipment bracket;
The equipment bracket comprises an aluminum profile and angle irons, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the aluminum profile upright post along the height direction of the aluminum profile upright post, and the height position of an upper cross beam in the aluminum profile is adjusted by selecting different positions on the aluminum alloy upright post for connection, so that excitation force adjustment is realized;
The gearbox is provided with two parallel output shafts, the incomplete gears are respectively arranged on the two output shafts, the vibration excitation rod is positioned between the two output shafts, and single teeth or racks matched with the incomplete gears are respectively arranged on two side edges of the vibration excitation rod;
the chassis of the clamping device is connected with different positions on the aluminum alloy upright post through chassis mounting bolts, so that the overall position adjustment of the clamping device in the height direction is realized;
The vibration excitation rod and the spring seat form a moving pair through a vibration excitation rod guide path, the vibration excitation rod can move up and down along the vibration excitation rod guide path in the vertical direction, the spring seat is fixed on an upper cross beam of the equipment support through a spring seat fixing bolt, and a reset spring is arranged between the spring seat and the vibration excitation rod.
The gearbox comprises an upper box body, a lower box body, an input shaft flat key, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, an oil drain screw plug, a perspective cover mounting bolt, an input shaft gear, a first output shaft gear, a second output shaft gear, a bearing through cover and a bearing blank cap, wherein the input shaft gear is circumferentially positioned with the input shaft through the flat key, axially positioned through a sleeve, simultaneously supported by a pair of bearings, axially positioned through the embedded bearing through cover and the embedded bearing blank cap, the first output shaft and the second output shaft are identical in structure and parts on the first output shaft, the first output shaft gear is circumferentially fixed with the first output shaft through the flat key, the first output shaft gear is axially positioned with the first output shaft through the sleeve, the bearing on the first output shaft is axially positioned through the embedded bearing through the flat key, and the first output shaft is circumferentially fixed with the first output shaft through the gear shaft end positioning and the shaft end retaining ring, and the first output shaft positioning and the fastening are realized through the gear shaft end positioning and the shaft retaining ring.
Further, the incomplete gear is a single-tooth gear or a gear with 2-4 continuous teeth, and corresponding single teeth or racks are arranged on two side edges of the excitation rod.
Further, the first output shaft stretches out the end, is equipped with bearing support, bearing support installs in the groove of equipment support aluminium alloy, and the bearing support side is equipped with the screw hole, bearing support fixes on the equipment support through aluminium alloy angle bar, and bearing support can carry out the displacement adjustment of horizontal direction in the groove.
Further, the clamping device comprises a clamping device chassis, a clamping device chassis mounting bolt, a clamping block, a clamping device upper side link, a clamping device connecting rod with a handle, a clamping device lower side link, a clamping device hinge and a clamping device supporting rod;
The vibration excitation system is characterized in that the clamping block is used for clamping a rail to be tested, the clamping block is fixedly connected with a clamping device supporting rod, meanwhile, the clamping device supporting rod is fixedly connected with a clamping device lower side link, the clamping block, the clamping device supporting rod and the clamping device lower side link jointly form the same component, the clamping device lower side link and the clamping device connecting rod form a revolute pair through a clamping device hinge, the clamping device upper side link and the clamping device lower side link and a clamping device chassis respectively form a revolute pair through the clamping device hinge, and the clamping device chassis is fixed on an equipment bracket through four groups of clamping device chassis mounting bolts;
when the clamping device clamps, the upper side link of the clamping device is in a collinear state with the connecting rod of the clamping device, and the clamping device is in a dead point state of the four-rod mechanism, so that the clamping is ensured to be reliable.
The device is convenient to carry and easy to install, can simulate the impact on the rail when the train starts, stops and operates, replaces the actual working condition when the actual train operates, reduces the test cost, ensures the test safety, and provides data support for the normal maintenance of the rail and the influence on the surrounding environment when the train operates by acquiring the vibration signal in the test process.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are front and A-direction views, respectively, of a portable simulated rail operation excitation system;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are front and perspective views, respectively, of a stepper motor and gearbox assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the input shaft system and the output shaft system in the transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a device holder according to the present invention;
fig. 7 and 8 are front and perspective views, respectively, of the excitation device according to the present invention;
fig. 9 and 10 are front and perspective views, respectively, of the clamping device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are included in the scope of the invention.
A portable excitation system for simulating rail operation comprises a stepping motor, a gearbox (DX), an equipment support, an excitation device (JZ) and a clamping device (JJ). The clamping device (JJ) is convenient to operate, safe and reliable, and the vibration frequency and the vibration force of the vibration excitation rod in the vibration excitation device (JZ) can be adjusted. The stepper motor and gearbox assembly (DX) comprises a stepper motor 1, a motor base 2, a motor mounting bolt group 3, a coupler 4, a gearbox 5, a gearbox mounting bolt 16 and a motor bracket mounting bolt 17. The excitation device (JZ) comprises a reset spring 8, a spring seat 9, an excitation rod 10, single-tooth gears 11 and 38, a single-tooth gear shaft end positioning check ring 23, a single-tooth gear shaft end fixing bolt 24, a spring seat fixing bolt 25 and an excitation rod guide path 26. The clamping device (JJ) comprises a clamping device chassis 12, a clamping device chassis mounting bolt 13, a clamping block 14, a clamping device upper side link 18, a clamping device connecting rod 19 with an operating handle, a clamping device lower side link 21, a clamping device hinge 20 and a clamping device supporting rod 22.
The stepping motor 1 is mounted on the motor support 2 through a motor mounting bolt group 3, and the motor support 2 is fixed on the equipment support 6 through a motor support mounting bolt 17. The stepper motor 1 is connected to the coupling 4 via a motor shaft flat key 28 and inputs motor power to the gearbox 5 via a gearbox input shaft flat key 29. The gearbox 5 is fixed on the equipment bracket 6 through a gearbox mounting bolt 16, and the equipment bracket 6 is formed by building a 30mm multiplied by 30mm aluminum profile through an aluminum profile angle iron 7.
The gearbox 5 is composed of an upper box 27, a lower box 32, an input shaft 30, an input shaft flat key 29, a first output shaft 40, a second output shaft 37, an oil drain screw plug 31, a perspective cover 33, a perspective cover mounting bolt 34, an input shaft gear 39, a first output shaft gear 42, a second output shaft gear 35, a bearing perspective cover 36, a bearing seal cover 41, single-tooth gears 11 and 38 at the tail end of the output shaft, a single-tooth gear shaft end positioning check ring 23 and a single-tooth gear shaft end fixing bolt 24. The input shaft gear 39 is circumferentially positioned with the input shaft 30 by a flat key 44, axially positioned by a sleeve 45, while the input shaft 30 is supported by a pair of bearings 43, and axially positioned by an embedded bearing through cap 36 and an embedded bearing cover 41, the embedded bearing through cap 36 and the embedded bearing cover 41 are respectively embedded in the countersunk grooves 50 of the lower box 32 and the upper box 27 of the gearbox, and an adjusting washer without asbestos material can be selectively added to ensure reliable positioning of the bearings 43 and the gears 42 on the input shaft 30. The first output shaft 40 and the second output shaft 37 have the same structure and the same parts on the first output shaft, wherein a first output shaft gear 42 on the first output shaft 40 is fixed with the first output shaft 40 in the circumferential direction through a flat key 44, the first output shaft gear 42 is axially positioned with the first output shaft 40 through a sleeve 45, and a bearing 43 on the first output shaft 40 is axially positioned through an embedded bearing through cover 36 and an embedded bearing blank cap 41. The single-tooth gear 38 is arranged at the extending end of the first output shaft 40, the single-tooth gear 38 is circumferentially fixed with the first output shaft 40 by a flat key 46, and circumferential positioning and fastening are realized with the first output shaft 40 through the single-tooth gear shaft end positioning check ring 23 and the single-tooth gear shaft end fixing bolt 24.
The extending end of the first output shaft 40 is provided with a bearing support 49, the bearing support 49 is arranged in a groove of an aluminum profile of the equipment support 6, a threaded hole is formed in the side edge of the bearing support 49, the bearing support 49 is fixed on the equipment support 6 through an aluminum profile angle iron 7, and the bearing support 49 can perform displacement adjustment in the horizontal direction in the groove.
The vibration excitation system is characterized in that clamping of a rail 15 to be tested is realized by a clamping block 14, the clamping block 14 is fixedly connected with a clamping device supporting rod 22, meanwhile, the clamping device supporting rod 22 is fixedly connected with a clamping device lower side link 21, the clamping block 14, the clamping device supporting rod 22 and the clamping device lower side link 21 jointly form the same component, a clamping device connecting rod 19 is connected with the clamping device lower side link 21 through a clamping device hinge 20 to form a revolute pair, an upper clamping device side link 18 and a clamping device connecting rod (19) form a revolute pair through the clamping device hinge 20, an upper clamping device side link 18, a lower clamping device side link 21 and a clamping device chassis 12 respectively form a revolute pair through the clamping device hinge 20, and the clamping device chassis 12 is fixed on the equipment support 6 through four groups of clamping device chassis mounting bolts 13. The aluminum profile upright post L2 of the equipment support 6 is provided with a groove (C1) parallel to the upright post, the mounting bolt 13 can move up and down in the groove (C1), and the clamping device chassis 12 can realize the integral position adjustment of the clamping device (JJ) by adjusting the position of the chassis mounting bolt 13 in the vertical direction of the equipment support 6.
When the clamping device (JJ) clamps, the upper side link 18 of the clamping device is guaranteed to be collinear with the connecting rod 19 of the clamping device, and is in a dead point state of a four-rod mechanism, so that reliable clamping is guaranteed.
Two sides of the excitation rod 10 are provided with two teeth C1 and C2, the sides of the two teeth C1 and C2 are straight lines, and the two teeth C1 and C2 are respectively meshed with two single-tooth gears 11 and 38 when in operation. The exciting rod 10 and the spring seat 9 form a moving pair through two exciting rod guide paths 26, and the exciting rod 10 can move up and down along the exciting rod guide paths 26 in the vertical direction. The spring seat 9 is fixed on the upper cross beam L1 of the equipment bracket 6 through a spring seat fixing bolt 25, and a reset spring 8 is arranged between the spring seat 9 and the excitation rod 10. The upper beam L1 can be fixed by adjusting the position of the bolt group 52 on the 4 groups of angle irons 51 below the upper beam L1 on the upper groove C1 of the aluminum profile upright post L2, so that the compression amount of the return spring 8 is changed, and the excitation force is adjusted.
The simulated rail operation excitation signal is closely related to the signal frequency and the excitation force, and meanwhile, the excitation system is required to have the characteristic of portability so as to realize the loading of the excitation signals at different positions of the rail. The invention can realize the initial compression adjustment of the reset spring 8 by adjusting the position of the upper beam L1 of the equipment bracket 6, and further change the exciting force on a rail, and the stepping motor 1 is matched with a controller thereof, so that the motor rotating speed adjustment can be realized, and the vibration frequency adjustment of the exciting rod 10 can be realized by a single-tooth gear 11 on the output shaft of the gearbox 5.
The tail end of the exciting rod 10 in the exciting device (JZ) is a spherical surface, the tail end of the exciting rod 10 is kept in contact with the rail 15 to be tested before the system is started, two single-tooth racks C1 and C2 are symmetrically arranged on the side edges of the exciting rod 10, when the single-tooth gears 11 and 38 rotate to the position that single teeth on the gears are meshed with single teeth on the racks, the tail end of the exciting rod 10 is far away from the rail 15 to be tested, and after the meshing is finished, the exciting rod 10 applies impact to the rail 15 to be tested under the action of the reset spring 8.
In order to ensure the reliability of the applied excitation signal, the excitation system needs to firmly clamp the rail 15 to be tested, the working part of the clamping device (JJ) in the invention is a clamping block 14 which is profiled with the cross section of the rail, and the clamping block 14 can be made of engineering plastics with higher hardness, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The clamping block 14 is clamped and loosened along with the movement of the upper handle of the clamping device (JJ), the clamping device (JJ) is realized by adopting a hinged four-bar mechanism, and when the clamping device is clamped, the upper side link 18 of the clamping device and the connecting rod 19 of the clamping device are positioned on the same straight line, no matter how much force is applied to the clamping block 14 during impact, the force and the speed applied to the upper side link 18 of the clamping device are 90 degrees, namely, the force for resetting the connecting rod 18 of the clamping device is not applied, and the clamping block 14 is in a loose state with the rail 15 to be tested only when an operator dials the handle on the connecting rod 19 of the clamping device inwards.
The output of the gearbox 5 adopts two output shafts 37 and 40, two single-tooth gears 11 and 38 are respectively arranged on the two output shafts, the rotation speeds of the two single-tooth gears 11 and 38 are the same and the directions of the two single-tooth gears are opposite, the phases of teeth on the gears are symmetrical about the middle symmetry plane of the gearbox, and the two single-tooth gears can be simultaneously meshed with and disengaged from the excitation rod teeth C1 and C2. Three gears are arranged in the gearbox 5, a gear input shaft 30 of an intermediate gear 39 is connected with a motor shaft through a coupler, the intermediate gear 39 is externally meshed with gears 35 and 42 of two output shafts, and the same rotation speeds of the gears on the two output shafts 37 and 40 are ensured. The modulus of the gear 39 on the middle input shaft is the same as that of the gears 35 and 42 on the two output shafts, and the number of teeth can be the same or different.
The single tooth gear 38, by meshing with the excitation rod upper tooth C2, ensures that the displacement Δx of the excitation rod 10 on its guide path 26 is:
Δx=mπ/2
wherein m is the modulus of the single-tooth gear and the upper tooth of the excitation rod. In order to obtain a greater excitation force,
The relative displacement of the excitation rod 10, namely the compression amount of the return spring 8, can be increased, at this time, the single-tooth gear can be set to be an incomplete gear with multiple teeth, for example, 2-4 teeth, the teeth number on the rack on the corresponding excitation rod 10 is increased to the same teeth number, and the displacement deltax of the excitation rod 10 moving on the guide path after the teeth number is increased is as follows:
Δx=(z-1/2)mπ
wherein z-the number of teeth of the incomplete gear.
The formula of the exciting force F applied to the rail 15 to be tested by the exciting lever 10 is as follows:
FΔt/2=mgv
Δt=1/f
F=2mvf
Wherein k-spring rate, N/mm. m g -mass of excitation rod, kg. v-the velocity of the excitation rod before contacting the rail, m/s. Δt-excitation period, s. f-excitation frequency, hz.
When the vibration excitation system is installed on site, firstly, two rows of parallel support legs of the equipment support 6 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a rail 15 to be tested, the tail end of the vibration excitation rod 10 is ensured to be in contact with the upper surface of the rail to be tested, secondly, two handles are shifted, clamping blocks 14 of two symmetrical clamping devices (JJ) on the equipment support 5 are clamped on the rail to be tested, the side link 18 and the connecting rod 19 on the clamping devices are ensured to be collinear, then, the position of a spring seat is adjusted, the compression amount of a return spring 8 is ensured to meet the vibration excitation force requirement, and finally, the stepping motor 1 is started to realize vibration excitation. If the cross section of the rail 15 to be tested is different in size, the clamping blocks 14 can be replaced, and the displacement of the clamping device (JJ) can be adjusted to adapt to the clamping of the rail under different environments.
The step motor 1 is a power source of an excitation system, and by setting a step motor driving signal, the vibration signal of train or subway operation is simulated by the excitation rod 10, when the simulated train or subway is in a starting stage, the rotation speed of the step motor 1 is gradually increased under the driving signal, the excitation frequency is gradually increased, when the simulated normal operation is performed, the rotation speed of the step motor is kept constant, and when the train or subway is decelerated and stopped, the rotation speed of the step motor is gradually reduced, and the frequency-reducing output is realized.
The stepping motor driver can realize the output of driving signals with different frequencies by using a singlechip control system. The vibration excitation system simulating rail operation can realize vibration signal detection of rails, track beds, surrounding environment, ground buildings and the like by matching with related sensors and data acquisition and analysis systems, and reliable experimental data is provided for influence during rail traffic operation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910992438.5A CN110736596B (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | A portable vibration excitation system for simulating railway operation |
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| CN201910992438.5A CN110736596B (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | A portable vibration excitation system for simulating railway operation |
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| CN110736596B true CN110736596B (en) | 2025-04-11 |
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| CN111721489B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2022-05-31 | 安徽浦进轨道装备有限公司 | Orbital antidetonation test device |
| CN113654754B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-07-26 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for penetration test of broadside armor |
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| CN211717735U (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-20 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Portable excitation device for simulating rail operation |
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| JP2008064730A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-03-21 | Ntn Corp | Apparatus for evaluating and testing holder strength |
| CN102004041B (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-12-28 | 吉林大学 | Semi-vehicle mass simulation state based bogie hanging natural vibration characteristic test bed |
| CN104280201B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2017-07-04 | 上海工程技术大学 | The analogue means and method of rail vehicle wheel track vertical coupled active force |
| CN204545385U (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-12 | 安徽理工大学 | Four-freedom hybrid connected vibrating casting machine is rotated in three translations one |
| CN105784361B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-01-16 | 吉林大学 | Dynamic power machine closed loop tilting polygon exciting gear box test table |
| CN105784363B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-02-23 | 吉林大学 | Electronic activity of force closed loop gear-box electromagnetic exciting tilting testing stand |
| CN107515126B (en) * | 2017-09-23 | 2024-01-16 | 吉林大学 | Six-degree-of-freedom simulation loading test bed for bogie of monorail train |
| CN108680325A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-19 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | The mechanical vibration exciter of low frequency big load |
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| CN211717735U (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-20 | 浙江大学城市学院 | Portable excitation device for simulating rail operation |
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