CN110849023B - A combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage - Google Patents
A combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种压缩空气与热化学耦合储能的冷热电联产系统及方法，压缩空气储能单元，用于将富余电能或由可再生能源产生的富余电能转换成压力势能并储存于高压储气装置中；热化学转换单元，用于将压缩空气储能单元在工作过程中产生的压缩热能转换成化学能并储存于合成气储罐中；压缩空气释能单元，用于将储存于高压储气装置中的压力势能和合成气储罐中的化学能转换成稳定的电能输出，进而完成向系统输入富余电能或由可再生能源产生的富余电能到系统输出稳定电能的能量转换过程；本发明实现了对可再生能源的高效利用，并且实现了系统功能的多样化。The invention discloses a combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method with compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage, and a compressed air energy storage unit for converting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy into pressure potential energy and storing it In the high-pressure gas storage device; the thermochemical conversion unit is used to convert the compression heat energy generated by the compressed air energy storage unit in the working process into chemical energy and store it in the synthesis gas storage tank; the compressed air energy release unit is used to convert The pressure potential energy stored in the high-pressure gas storage device and the chemical energy in the synthesis gas storage tank are converted into stable electric energy output, and then the energy conversion from inputting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy to the system outputting stable electric energy is completed. process; the present invention realizes the efficient utilization of renewable energy, and realizes the diversification of system functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy storage, and particularly relates to a combined cooling, heating and power generation system and method for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage.
Background
Along with the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy sources worldwide, and the increasing serious problems of environmental pollution, ecological destruction and the like. The development of clean renewable energy and the efficient utilization of fossil energy have become common knowledge in all countries of the world. At present, the proportion of renewable energy grid-connected power generation is on the trend of increasing year by year, but the renewable energy power generation is influenced by weather conditions to generate large fluctuation, so that the supply quantity of renewable energy cannot be completely matched with the demand quantity of a power grid user side, and the large frequency fluctuation of the power grid is caused; in addition, renewable energy sources in various provinces of China are distributed unevenly, so that the loading amount of the renewable energy sources in various regions is different to a certain extent, for example, wind energy and solar power stations are mainly concentrated in northwest regions such as Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia and the like, and the eastern region is relatively poor, so that for the regions rich in renewable energy sources, the consumption capacity of a local power grid is limited, the electric energy generated by the renewable energy sources cannot be completely consumed, and the phenomenon of 'discarding' of the renewable energy sources is also caused. In conclusion, the random fluctuation characteristic of the power load of the power system in the operation process and the unpredictability of the renewable energy during grid connection bring a series of problems to the stable and safe operation of the power grid, the energy storage technology is used as a transition technology of the power system, the fluctuation of the power load in the power grid in China can be effectively relieved, the grid connection problem caused by the fluctuation and the intermittence in the renewable energy power generation process is effectively solved, the clean energy power generation proportion is improved, and the energy structure in China is optimized.
Compressed air energy storage technology has been developed rapidly in recent years as one of the most representative energy storage technologies. The working principle of the traditional compressed air energy storage technology is based on a gas turbine technology, namely, in the low-load valley period of a power grid, a compressor unit is used for consuming surplus electric energy in the power grid or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy sources, and air in the environment is converted into high-pressure air and is pressed into an air storage cave to be stored; in the peak period of the electric load, the high-pressure air stored in the air storage cave enters the combustion chamber and is mixed and combusted with fossil fuel (such as natural gas, petroleum and the like), the generated high-temperature high-pressure flue gas drives a turbine unit to do work, and the expanded exhaust gas is directly discharged into the ambient atmosphere. However, the conventional compressed air energy storage system needs to burn fossil fuel to heat the high-pressure air entering the turbine in the energy release stage, which causes a certain degree of environmental pollution, and in addition, the conventional compressed air energy storage system has low operating efficiency because the compression heat generated in the energy storage process and the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the energy release process are not recycled in the conventional compressed air energy storage technology. Based on this, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system adopts the heat accumulator to store the compression heat that the compression process produced, later in the energy release stage, is used for heating the high-pressure air of turbine entry with this partial heat energy of storage again, and this not only can avoid the system to release the demand of stage burning fossil fuel, guarantees that the system does not produce the emission in the operation process, and is pollution-free to the environment to can make full use of the compression heat that the compressed air energy storage process produced, and then promote the energy efficiency of system.
During the operation of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system, the following problems still exist:
firstly, in order to fully utilize the compression heat generated in the energy storage process, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange/storage equipment in the system needs to be greatly improved, namely the design and manufacturing difficulty of the heat exchange/storage equipment in the system needs to be greatly improved, and further the design difficulty and the total investment cost of the whole system are increased;
secondly, the response performance of the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system is deteriorated after the heat accumulator is added, and the system can enter a stable operation state after multiple cycles;
finally, the electric energy input into the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system belongs to high-grade energy, although the system fully utilizes the compression heat generated in the energy storage process in the energy release process, the output electric energy quantity of the system is always smaller than the electric energy quantity input into the system, and therefore the energy grade of the system is continuously reduced in the working process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system and a method for combined cooling, heating and power generation by coupling compressed air and thermochemical energy storage, wherein the combined cooling, heating and power generation technology is deeply coupled with the proposed compressed air energy storage system integrating chemical energy, so as to solve the defect that the heat energy of the existing compressed air energy storage system integrating chemical energy is not fully utilized in the energy storage/energy release operation process, and finally improve the energy utilization rate of the system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined cooling, heating and power system for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage comprises:
the compressed air energy storage unit is used for converting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy into pressure potential energy and storing the pressure potential energy in the high-pressure air storage device;
the thermochemical conversion unit is used for taking the compression heat energy generated by the compressed air energy storage unit in the working process as a heat source of endothermic thermochemical reaction, converting the compression heat energy into chemical energy and storing the chemical energy in a synthetic gas storage tank, and preheating high-pressure air in the working process of the compressed air energy release unit;
the compressed air energy release unit is used for converting the pressure potential energy stored in the high-pressure gas storage device and the chemical energy in the synthetic gas storage tank into stable electric energy to be output, and further completing the energy conversion process from inputting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy sources into outputting stable electric energy by the system;
the compressed air energy storage unit is connected with a heat regenerator of the compressed air energy release unit through a valve, the thermochemical conversion unit is connected with a synthetic gas storage tank of the compressed air energy release unit through a refrigeration unit and a heat supply unit, and the compressed air energy release unit is connected with a generator set through a turbine set.
Specifically, the compressed air energy storage unit comprises a motor unit, the motor unit is connected with the compressor unit, an air outlet of the compressor unit is connected with a high-pressure air storage device through a reactor, and an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage device is connected with a heat regenerator through a throttle valve.
Specifically, the thermochemical conversion unit comprises a fuel storage tank, a fuel outlet of the fuel storage tank is connected with a reactor through a fuel pump, a fuel outlet of the reactor is connected with a gas-liquid separator, a gas fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator sequentially passes through a high-temperature gas collecting pipe, a refrigerating unit, a heating unit and then is connected with a synthesis gas storage tank, a liquid fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the fuel storage tank, and liquid fuel is renewable energy.
Further, a liquid fuel outlet of the fuel storage tank is connected with the combustion chamber as a spare pipeline.
Specifically, the compressed air energy release unit comprises a combustion chamber, an air outlet of a heat regenerator and a gas fuel outlet of a synthetic gas storage tank are respectively connected with the combustion chamber, a flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with a turbine unit, a gas outlet of the turbine unit is connected with the heat regenerator, and a flue gas outlet of the heat regenerator is connected with a high-temperature gas collecting pipe of the thermochemical conversion unit.
Specifically, the refrigeration unit includes the generator, the high-pressure refrigerant vapor outlet of generator is connected with the condenser, the liquid water export of high-pressure refrigerant of condenser is connected with the evaporimeter through first choke valve, the low-pressure refrigerant vapor outlet of evaporimeter is connected with the absorber, the high-pressure lithium bromide concentrated solution export of generator is connected with solution heat exchanger, solution heat exchanger's high-pressure low temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution export is connected with the absorber through the second choke valve, the low-pressure lithium bromide solution of absorber is connected with solution heat exchanger through the solution pump, solution heat exchanger's high-pressure high temperature lithium bromide solution export is connected with the generator.
Specifically, the reactor is a sleeve type reactor, and comprises an outer sleeve and a core pipe which are sleeved and combined together in a coaxial and clearance fit mode.
Furthermore, the outer part of the outer sleeve is provided with a heat-insulating layer, and the middle part of the core pipe is provided with a catalyst support.
The invention obtains another technical scheme that the combined cooling, heating and power generation method for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage comprises a motor unit and a fuel storage tank, wherein the motor unit is connected with a compressor unit, an air outlet of the compressor unit is connected with a high-pressure air storage device through a reactor, and an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage device is connected with a heat regenerator through a throttle valve; the fuel outlet of the fuel storage tank is connected with the reactor through a fuel pump, the fuel outlet of the reactor is connected with a gas-liquid separator, the gas fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the synthetic gas storage tank after sequentially passing through a high-temperature gas collecting pipe, a refrigerating unit, a heat supply unit and a heat supply unit, and the liquid fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the fuel storage tank; an air outlet of the heat regenerator and a gas fuel outlet of the synthetic gas storage tank are respectively connected with a combustion chamber, a flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with a generator set through a turbine set, a gas outlet of the turbine set is connected with the heat regenerator, and a flue gas outlet of the heat regenerator is connected with a high-temperature gas collecting pipe of the thermochemical conversion unit;
during the electricity consumption valley period, inputting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy from renewable energy sources into an electric motor unit and a fuel pump, utilizing the electric motor unit to drive a compressor unit to compress air under atmospheric pressure in the environment to a high-pressure state, pumping liquid fuel in a fuel storage tank into a reactor through the fuel pump, taking the high-pressure air as a carrier for compression heat generated in the compression process, taking the compression heat as a high-temperature heat source for liquid fuel cracking reaction, introducing the high-pressure air into the reactor, enabling the liquid fuel to generate endothermic thermochemical reaction in the reactor to further crack into synthetic gas fuel, directly introducing the high-pressure air with reduced temperature into a high-pressure gas storage device for storage, introducing gas/liquid fuel generated by the cracking reaction into a gas-liquid separator, conveying the liquid fuel which does not participate in the reaction into the fuel storage tank after separation to be stored or pumped into the reactor again to participate in the reaction, the generated synthesis gas fuel is introduced into a high-temperature gas collecting pipe, and then sequentially passes through a refrigerating unit and a heating unit, the heat in the synthesis gas fuel is respectively used for outputting cold and heat to the outside, and the synthesis gas fuel with the reduced temperature is introduced into a synthesis gas storage tank through a low-temperature gas collecting pipe for storage;
in the peak period of power consumption, high-pressure air stored in a high-pressure air storage device is throttled and depressurized through a throttle valve to ensure that the high-pressure air finally entering a turbine unit maintains constant pressure, the throttled high-pressure air enters a heat regenerator, the heat regenerator recovers heat in high-temperature exhaust of the turbine unit and uses the heat to preheat the high-pressure air entering a combustion chamber, the preheated high-pressure air and synthetic gas fuel from a synthetic gas storage tank are mixed in the combustion chamber, high-temperature high-pressure flue gas is generated by combustion, then the high-temperature high-pressure flue gas is introduced into the turbine unit to act, and a generator set connected with the turbine unit is driven to output stable electric energy.
Specifically, exhaust gas at an air outlet of the turbine unit is firstly introduced into a heat regenerator for preheating high-pressure air from a high-pressure air storage device, and then the part of flue gas is introduced into a refrigeration unit and a heat supply unit through a high-temperature gas collecting pipe for outputting cold and heat to the outside, and the flue gas with the reduced temperature is directly discharged into the atmosphere through a low-temperature gas collecting pipe; when the electric load of a user is high, if the storage capacity of the synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank cannot be matched with the flow rate of the high-pressure air, the liquid fuel in the fuel storage tank is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the standby pipeline, so that the high-pressure air and the liquid fuel are mixed and combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated smoke is introduced into the turbine unit to do work so as to ensure the stable output electric energy of the system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a combined cooling heating and power system for compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage, which uses the compression heat generated in the compression process as a heat source for liquid fuel cracking reaction, improves the temperature of gas entering a turbine unit through combustion reaction in the energy release process, improves the energy grade of the compression heat in the energy storage process, and realizes the diversification of system functions and the efficient cascade utilization of energy by utilizing the waste heat in synthesis gas fuel/exhaust to output cold and heat to the outside.
Furthermore, in the compressed air energy storage unit, surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy sources drives the compressor unit to work to generate high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air after being cooled is stored in the high-pressure air storage device, so that the energy conversion process from surplus/unstable power sources to stable pressure potential energy is realized.
Furthermore, in the thermochemical conversion unit, the compressed heat generated in the compressed air energy storage unit takes high-pressure air as a carrier, the heat is used as a heat source of the reactor to drive the liquid fuel from the fuel storage tank to generate endothermic thermochemical reaction in the reactor, the mixed fuel at the outlet of the reactor enters a gas-liquid separator, the generated synthetic gas fuel is stored in the synthetic gas storage tank, and the unreacted liquid fuel returns to the fuel storage tank to be stored or enters the reactor again to participate in the reaction, so that the energy grade improvement process from heat energy to chemical energy is realized.
Furthermore, by supplementing liquid fuel into the combustion chamber, the system can be ensured to maintain stable electric energy output under different electric energy loads, and particularly compared with an adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with a certain heat storage capacity, the system can flexibly meet the electric energy load requirement of a user side.
Further, the synthesis gas fuel generated in the reactor and the flue gas after heat exchange by the heat regenerator still have higher temperature, and if the synthesis gas/flue gas is directly introduced into the atmospheric environment, huge energy waste can be caused, so that the waste heat in the synthesis gas/flue gas is converted into cold energy to be output outwards through a refrigeration cycle subunit according to the principle of 'temperature to port and cascade utilization', the functional diversification of the whole energy system can be realized, and the energy utilization rate of the system can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, efficient heat exchange can ensure that the endothermic thermochemical reaction in the reactor is carried out efficiently, so that a sleeve type reactor structure is adopted, wherein liquid fuel flows in a central sleeve, and high-pressure high-temperature air flows in an outer sleeve, so that compression heat generated by the compression energy storage subunit is efficiently transferred to the liquid fuel, and the conversion rate of cracking the liquid fuel into synthesis gas fuel is further improved; in addition, in order to reduce the heat dissipation phenomenon between the high-pressure and high-temperature air in the outer-layer sleeve and the environment, a heat-insulating layer structure is arranged outside the outer-layer sleeve. Considering that the fuel needs to be changed into the vapor state from the liquid state to generate the cracking reaction, the catalyst support is arranged in the middle of the double-pipe reactor, namely the liquid fuel is changed into the vapor fuel through the heat absorption of the inlet and then generates the cracking reaction through the catalyst support in the middle.
According to the other technical scheme, in the operation process of the system, the synthetic gas fuel generated in the reactor in the energy storage process and the exhaust gas of the turbine unit in the energy release process both contain a large amount of heat, and the two portions of heat are sequentially used for refrigeration or heat supply, so that the system not only can realize the functions of storing energy and outputting stable electric energy, but also can provide the heat and cold output to the outside, the output product form diversity of the system is improved, and the operation efficiency and the economical efficiency of the system are improved.
In summary, the invention converts the surplus electric energy generated by the renewable energy source or the surplus electric energy generated by the renewable energy source into pressure potential energy and chemical energy respectively, stores the two types of energy, outputs the energy in a stable electric energy form in the energy release process, and outputs the heat energy and the cold energy in the energy storage/release process, thereby realizing the high-efficiency utilization of the renewable energy source and the diversification of the system functions.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of an energy storage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration cycle;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a jacket reactor.
Wherein: 1. a motor unit; 2. a compressor unit; 3. a fuel storage tank; 4. a fuel pump; 5. a reactor; 6. a high pressure gas storage device; 7. a gas-liquid separator; 8. a high temperature gas collection pipe; 9. a refrigeration unit; 10. a heat supply unit; 11. a low temperature gas collection pipe; 12. a syngas storage tank; 13. a throttle valve; 14. a heat regenerator; 15. a combustion chamber; 16. a turbine unit; 17. a generator set; 18. a generator; 19. a condenser; 20. a first throttle valve; 21. a second throttle valve; 22. an evaporator; 23. an absorber; 24. a solution pump; 25. a solution heat exchanger; 26. supporting the catalyst; 27. an outer sleeve; 28. a core tube; 29. and (7) an insulating layer.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a combined cooling, heating and power system with compressed air and thermochemical coupled energy storage, which includes a compressed air energy storage unit, a thermochemical conversion unit, a compressed air energy release unit, a refrigeration unit 9 and a heat supply unit 10, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit is configured to convert surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy generated by renewable energy into pressure potential energy and store the pressure potential energy in a high-pressure air storage device; the thermochemical conversion unit is used for converting the compression heat energy generated by the compressed air energy storage unit in the working process into chemical energy and storing the chemical energy in the synthesis gas storage tank; the compressed air energy release unit is used for converting the pressure potential energy stored in the high-pressure gas storage device and the chemical energy in the synthesis gas storage tank into stable electric energy to be output; the compressed air energy storage unit is connected with the compressed air energy release unit through a valve, the thermochemical conversion unit is connected with a synthetic gas storage tank 12 of the compressed air energy release unit through a refrigeration unit 9 and a heat supply unit 10, and the compressed air energy release unit is connected with a generator set 17 through a turbine set 16.
The compressed air energy storage unit includes: the device comprises a motor unit 1, a compressor unit 2, a reactor 5 and a high-pressure gas storage device 6;
the motor unit 1 is connected with the compressor unit 2 to drive the compressor unit to work, the compressor unit 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet of the compressor unit 2 is connected with a high-temperature air inlet of the reactor 5, and a normal-temperature air outlet of the reactor 5 is connected with the high-pressure air storage device 6.
The thermochemical conversion unit comprises: a fuel storage tank 3, a fuel pump 4, a reactor 5, a synthesis gas storage tank 12, and a gas-liquid separator 7;
the fuel outlet of the fuel storage tank 3 is connected with the reactor 5 through the fuel pump 4, the fuel outlet of the reactor 5 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 7, the gas fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with the synthetic gas storage tank 12 after sequentially passing through the high-temperature gas collecting pipe 8, the refrigerating unit 9, the heating unit 10 and the heating unit 11, and the liquid fuel outlet of the gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with the fuel storage tank 3.
The compressed air energy release unit comprises: the system comprises a high-pressure gas storage device 6, a synthetic gas storage tank 12, a throttle valve 13, a heat regenerator 14, a combustion chamber 15, a turbine set 16 and a generator set 17;
an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage device 6 is connected with a heat regenerator 14 through a throttle valve 13, an air outlet of the heat regenerator 14 and a gas fuel outlet of a synthetic gas storage tank 12 are respectively connected with a combustion chamber 15, a liquid fuel outlet of the fuel storage tank 3 is used as a standby pipeline to be connected with the combustion chamber 15, a flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber 15 is connected with a turbine unit 16, a gas outlet of the turbine unit 16 is connected with the heat regenerator 14, and a flue gas outlet of the heat regenerator 14 is connected with a refrigerating unit 9 and a heating unit 10 through a high-temperature gas collecting pipe 8.
Referring to fig. 2, the refrigerating unit 9 includes: a generator 18, a condenser 19, a first throttle valve 20, a second throttle valve 21, an evaporator 22, an absorber 23, a solution pump 24, and a solution heat exchanger 25;
the high-pressure refrigerant water vapor outlet of the generator 18 is connected with the condenser 19, the high-pressure refrigerant liquid water outlet of the condenser 19 is connected with the evaporator 22 through the throttle valve 20, the low-pressure refrigerant water vapor outlet of the evaporator 22 is connected with the absorber 23, the high-pressure lithium bromide concentrated solution outlet of the generator 18 is connected with the solution heat exchanger 25, the high-pressure low-temperature lithium bromide concentrated solution outlet of the solution heat exchanger 25 is connected with the absorber 23 through the throttle valve 21, the low-pressure lithium bromide solution of the absorber 23 is connected with the solution heat exchanger 25 through the solution pump 24, and the high-pressure high-temperature lithium bromide solution outlet of the solution heat exchanger 25 is connected with the generator 18.
The heat supply unit 10 includes a heat exchanger; the smoke outlet of the refrigerating unit 9 is connected with the heating unit 10.
Referring to fig. 3, the reactor 5 is a sleeve-type reactor, which includes an outer sleeve 27 and a core tube 28, a catalyst support 26 and an insulating layer 29, which are assembled together in a coaxial and clearance fit manner; the air flows in the outer sleeve 27, the cracking reaction of the liquid fuel is carried out in the core tube 28, the flowing direction of the air and the flowing direction of the fuel are in a reverse flowing mode so as to ensure the sufficient heat exchange between the air and the fuel, in addition, the heat insulation layer 29 is arranged outside the outer sleeve 27 so as to ensure the sufficient heat transfer of the air in the outer sleeve 27 to the fuel in the core tube 28, and further, the heat absorption type thermochemistry is fully carried out.
Since the cracking reaction of the liquid fuel is usually performed in a vapor state, the fuel first absorbs heat and changes from a liquid state to a gas state, and then the gas fuel passes through the catalyst support 26 arranged in the middle of the core tube 28 to complete the thermal decomposition reaction to generate the synthesis gas fuel, so that the catalyst support 26 arranged in the middle of the core tube 28 not only can ensure the full reaction, but also can save the amount of the catalyst, thereby improving the overall economic performance of the system.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention relates to a method for combined generation of heat, cold and power by compressed air and thermochemical coupling energy storage, which comprises the following steps:
during the electricity consumption valley period, inputting surplus electric energy or surplus electric energy from renewable energy sources into the motor unit 1 and the fuel pump 4, utilizing the motor unit 1 to drive the compressor unit 2 to compress air under atmospheric pressure in the environment to a high-pressure state, pumping liquid fuel in the fuel storage tank 3 into the reactor 5 through the fuel pump 4, taking the high-pressure air as a carrier for compression heat generated in the compression process, taking the compression heat as a heat absorption source for liquid fuel cracking reaction, introducing the high-pressure air into the reactor 5, enabling the liquid fuel to generate heat absorption type thermochemical reaction in the reactor 5 to be cracked into synthetic gas fuel, reducing the temperature of the high-pressure air after driving the liquid fuel to generate heat absorption type cracking reaction in the reactor 5, directly introducing the high-pressure air with the reduced temperature into the high-pressure gas storage device 6 to store, and introducing the gas/liquid fuel generated by the cracking reaction into the gas-liquid separator 7, after separation, liquid fuel which does not participate in reaction is conveyed to the fuel storage tank 3, and the generated synthesis gas fuel still has higher temperature, so that the synthesis gas fuel is introduced into the high-temperature gas collecting pipe 8 and then sequentially passes through the refrigerating unit 9 and the heating unit 10, heat in the synthesis gas fuel is respectively used for outputting cold energy and heat energy to the outside, the synthesis gas fuel with the reduced temperature is introduced into the synthesis gas storage tank 12 through the low-temperature gas collecting pipe 11 for storage, the process not only realizes that all compression heat generated by the work of the compressor is converted into chemical energy, and improves the energy grade of the compression heat, but also realizes the function of energy storage and the simultaneous output of the cold energy and the heat energy, and achieves the purpose of efficient and stepped utilization of the energy.
In the peak period of power utilization, the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure air storage device 6 is firstly throttled and depressurized through the throttle valve 13, so that the high-pressure air finally entering the turbine unit 16 is ensured to maintain constant pressure, the throttled high-pressure air enters the heat regenerator 14, the heat regenerator 14 recovers the high-temperature exhaust gas of the turbine unit 16 and uses the high-temperature exhaust gas for preheating the high-pressure air entering the combustion chamber 15, the utilization rate of the system for the exhaust waste heat is optimized, the combustion efficiency of the high-pressure air and gas/liquid fuel in the combustion chamber 15 is improved, the preheated high-pressure air and the synthesis gas fuel from the synthesis gas storage tank 12 are mixed in the combustion chamber 15 and are combusted to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, then the flue gas is introduced into the turbine unit 16 to do work, the generator set 17 connected with the turbine unit 16 is driven to output stable electric energy, and the exhaust gas at the air, therefore, the residual heat is firstly introduced into the heat regenerator 14 for preheating the high-pressure air from the high-pressure air storage device 6, and then the flue gas is introduced into the refrigeration unit 9 and the heat supply unit 10 through the high-temperature gas collecting pipe 8, so that the residual heat in the flue gas is fully utilized while the cold and heat are output outwards, and the flue gas with the reduced temperature is directly discharged into the atmosphere through the low-temperature gas collecting pipe 11. When the electrical load of a user is high, if the storage capacity of the synthesis gas in the synthesis gas storage tank 12 cannot be matched with the flow rate of the high-pressure air, the liquid fuel in the fuel storage tank 3 can be directly introduced into the combustion chamber 15 through the spare pipeline, so that the high-pressure air and the liquid fuel are mixed and combusted in the combustion chamber 15, and the generated flue gas is introduced into the turbine unit 16 to do work, so that the stable output electric energy of the system is ensured, and the load requirement of the user is met.
Referring to fig. 2, the heat of the syngas fuel/high temperature flue gas releases heat to the lithium bromide solution in the generator 18, and the lithium bromide solution absorbing the heat of the high temperature syngas fuel/high temperature flue gas is evaporated to generate refrigerant water vapor; refrigerant water vapor enters a condenser 19, is condensed into refrigerant liquid water after being condensed and released heat, saturated condensate water is subjected to pressure reduction through a throttle valve 20 and enters an evaporator 22, the refrigerant liquid water is evaporated in the evaporator to absorb heat, cold is output outwards and evaporated into the refrigerant water vapor, an absorber 23 absorbs the water vapor, a lithium bromide concentrated solution from a generator 18 enters the absorber 23 after being cooled through a solution heat exchanger 25 and depressurized through the throttle valve 21, the lithium bromide concentrated solution and the water vapor are mixed to form a lithium bromide solution, the lithium bromide solution is sent to the solution heat exchanger 25 through a solution pump 24 and then enters the generator 18, and a low-temperature dilute solution at an outlet of the absorber 23 and a high-temperature concentrated solution at an outlet of the generator 18 complete heat exchange in the solution heat exchanger and respectively enter the next equipment to complete circulation.
The invention has the following advantages:
the design idea of converting the compression heat in the compressed air energy storage system into the chemical energy of the high-grade fuel is put forward for the first time, namely the compression heat generated by the compressor set in the energy storage process is used for driving the endothermic pyrolysis reaction of the fuel, the synthesis gas fuel generated in the thermochemical process is mixed and combusted with the stored high-pressure air in the energy release process, the irreversible loss caused by the heat transfer temperature difference in the heat exchange/heat storage process of the existing compressed air energy storage technology is avoided, and the design idea with the industrial application prospect is provided for the efficient operation of the compressed air energy storage system.
The renewable clean fuel with high conversion efficiency is selected as a reactant of thermochemical reaction, including methanol, ethanol or dimethyl ether, taking methanol as an example, when the reaction temperature is 200 ℃, the conversion efficiency of the methanol is 99%, so that the compression heat can be converted into chemical energy of the fuel with extremely high efficiency, and from the thermodynamic perspective, not only is the efficient recovery and reutilization of the compression heat realized, but also the energy grade of the compression heat is improved due to the realization of the energy form conversion from the heat energy to the chemical energy.
The liquid fuel used by the system is methanol, ethanol or dimethyl ether and the like which can be used as carriers of renewable energy sources such as biomass energy, wind energy and the like, so that the system is tightly butted with the renewable energy sources, and the compressed air energy storage system integrating chemical energy provided by the invention can be constructed into an environment-friendly energy utilization system with near zero emission of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the system not only improves the energy utilization rate, but also reduces the emission of carbide and harmful gas on the premise of simple structure, and has good development prospect.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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