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CN110899985B - Laser removing device and method for processing burrs on intersecting surface of deep hole - Google Patents

Laser removing device and method for processing burrs on intersecting surface of deep hole Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110899985B
CN110899985B CN201911389229.8A CN201911389229A CN110899985B CN 110899985 B CN110899985 B CN 110899985B CN 201911389229 A CN201911389229 A CN 201911389229A CN 110899985 B CN110899985 B CN 110899985B
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temperature
laser
intersecting surface
burrs
deep hole
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CN110899985A (en
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周建忠
孟宪凯
陈杰
李富柱
王匀
李瑞涛
李京
徐磊
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Jiangsu Gangyang Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Gangyang Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36Removing material
    • B23K26/361Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser removing device and method for burrs of a deep hole intersecting surface, which are characterized in that the toughness fracture of the burrs of the intersecting surface is caused by the thermal coupling effect formed by a high-temperature spherical block/silicon oil and the pressure of laser shock waves, the damage of the intersecting surface caused by the brittle fracture of the burrs is avoided, and the high-efficiency and high-precision removal of the burrs of the deep hole intersecting surface is further realized. Simultaneously, the laser removing device for the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole comprises nanosecond laser, high-temperature-resistant silicon oil, a spherical block, a sleeve I/II, an electric heating body, a nut, a conveying rod, a central hole and a temperature controller, and has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in operation, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like.

Description

Laser removing device and method for processing burrs on intersecting surface of deep hole
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a device for realizing ductile fracture of burrs of a deep hole intersecting surface by utilizing the thermal coupling effect induced by high-temperature spherical blocks/silicone oil and laser shock wave pressure so as to remove the burrs efficiently and accurately, and particularly relates to a laser removing device and a method for processing the burrs of the deep hole intersecting surface.
Technical Field
In order to realize the functions of cooling or lubricating parts and the like, through deep holes are machined on various parts in automobiles and motorcycles, but machining burrs are generally remained at intersecting surfaces of deep hole cross connection, so that the stability of medium conveying in the deep holes is reduced, and the deep holes are easily blocked or the parts are easily abraded due to the falling of the burrs.
Currently, common methods for removing burrs in holes include: a cutter removing method, a high-pressure washing method, a heat energy deburring method and the like. For example, the invention patent with application number 201811593370.5 discloses an automatic inner hole deburring mechanism, which comprises a drill bit and a deburring cutter, wherein a fixing pin is arranged on one side of the drill bit, and the deburring cutter is arranged on the drill bit through the fixing pin, so that the drill bit can drill a workpiece and automatically deburr the drilled hole, machining processes are reduced, and machining efficiency is improved. However, this mechanism has the following disadvantages: (1) the structure of the drill is complex, the volume is difficult to reduce, and burrs in the micro-holes cannot be removed; (2) when the cutter is used for removing the burrs on the intersecting surface of the deep hole, the removal of all the burrs is difficult to ensure, new burrs are easily brought, and the deburring quality is low. The invention patent with application number 201711230000.0 discloses a heat energy deburring method, which comprises the steps of clamping a part to be deburred by a stainless steel clamp, placing the part in a sealed working chamber, then filling a certain amount of mixed gas containing combustible gas and oxygen, igniting by a spark plug, enabling the mixed gas to be instantly combusted and reacted, discharging a large amount of heat, enabling burrs to be spontaneously combusted under the action of high temperature, high pressure and high speed, and achieving the purpose of deburring. This method has the following disadvantages: (1) the surface of the part is easy to be rapidly oxidized at high temperature and in an oxygen environment, so that the color and the mechanical property of the surface of the part are changed; (2) the waste gas after the oxygen and the combustible gas are combusted easily causes air pollution. The invention patent with application number 201711235377.5 discloses a cross hole deburring device, which comprises a high-pressure water pump, a nozzle and a flexible spray pipe, wherein a plunger is arranged in the nozzle, the plunger is coaxial with the nozzle, a spiral water through hole is formed in the plunger along the axis direction of the plunger, and two ends of the water through hole penetrate through two ends of the plunger, so that the cross hole deburring can be washed by high-pressure water, and the phenomenon of slag return is avoided. However, since the burr has high strength and fracture toughness at normal temperature and it is difficult to remove the high-strength burr by high-pressure gas, the burr removal quality of this method is low.
As an advanced machining means, laser technology has been widely used in various fields of machine manufacturing. The invention patent with the application number of 201710102109.X discloses a laser deburring method and laser deburring equipment, wherein a contour graph of a part needing to be deburred on a workpiece is obtained according to a three-dimensional image of the workpiece to be deburred, and a plurality of scanning paths of laser beam scanning processing are further obtained; then, the workpiece is positioned for a plurality of times according to the position of the scanning path on the workpiece, and laser scanning deburring processing is carried out in sequence, so that the laser deburring processing efficiency can be effectively improved. The method mainly utilizes the thermal action induced by laser to ablate burrs on the surface of a part to remove burrs, but the heat effect borne by the part in the process of the method is serious, the part is easy to deform, and the method is not suitable for the deburring process of geometric elements such as micro holes. The invention patent with application number 200610096475.0 discloses a method and a device for removing cutting burrs based on a laser shock wave technology, wherein the cutting burrs are removed by utilizing high-amplitude shock wave pressure induced by laser, but the method breaks and crumbles the burrs through force effect at normal temperature, so that brittle damage such as cracks, scratches and the like are easily generated in a burr breaking area, and finally the service life of parts is reduced.
The invention provides a laser removing device for processing burrs on a deep hole intersecting surface, which utilizes a thermal coupling effect formed by a high-temperature spherical block/silicon oil and laser shock wave pressure to cause ductile fracture of burrs on the intersecting surface, realizes high-efficiency and high-precision removal of the burrs on the deep hole intersecting surface, and simultaneously avoids damage to the intersecting surface caused by brittle fracture of the burrs. Through the retrieval of domestic and foreign documents, no relevant report that the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole are removed by utilizing the thermal coupling effect formed by the high-temperature spherical block/silicon oil and the laser shock wave pressure is found, and the device is provided for the first time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing deep-hole intersecting surface processing deburring technology, and provides a laser removing device and a method for processing burrs of a deep-hole intersecting surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a laser removing device for processing burrs on a deep hole intersecting surface comprises a nanosecond laser 1, high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2, a conveying rod 4, a temperature controller 5, a spherical block 6, a blind hole 7, a sleeve I, an electric heating body 9, a nut 10 and a sleeve II.
A sleeve I, an electric heating body 9 and a sleeve II are arranged in an inner hole of the spherical block 6, the sleeve I, the electric heating body 9 and the sleeve II are tightly pressed on the shaft shoulder position of the conveying rod 4 by a nut 10, and the nut 10 is in threaded connection with the conveying rod 4. The electric heating body 9 leads out through the blind hole 7 on the conveying rod and is electrically connected with the temperature controller 5.
Firstly, the spherical block 6 expands at high temperature to form a tiny gap between the spherical block 6 and a intersected surface, and the high-temperature resistant silicon oil 2 and burrs around the intersected surface are heated to 120-200 ℃ by the high-temperature spherical block 6; then, nanosecond laser 1 interacts with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and high-pressure shock waves are formed after the plasma explodes; and finally, under the action of high-pressure shock waves, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and the plasma mixed fluid are sprayed out at a high speed at a gap of the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are subjected to ductile fracture under the action of thermal coupling, and are discharged out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil, and further the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole are removed efficiently and precisely.
The nanosecond laser parameters are as follows: the pulse width of the laser is 15-60 ns, the energy of the laser is 5-20J, and the pulse frequency is 0.5-2 Hz.
The spherical block 6 is made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Further, a laser deburring method using the laser deburring device for machining burrs on the intersecting surfaces of the deep holes comprises the following steps:
A. the device is arranged near the intersecting surface of the deep hole through the conveying rod 4, and a large gap exists between the surface of the spherical block 6 and the intersecting surface of the deep hole.
B. Adjusting a temperature controller to heat the electric heating body 9, so that the temperature of the spherical block 6 rises and thermal expansion is generated, and finally the surface of the spherical block 6 is directly contacted with the through surface of the deep hole or a tiny gap (less than or equal to 0.2mm) is formed;
C. injecting high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 into the deep hole, and rapidly heating the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil nearby and the burrs of the intersecting surface to 120-200 ℃ by using the spherical block 6;
D. and (3) turning on the nanosecond laser 1, enabling the nanosecond laser 1 to interact with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and forming shock wave pressure after the plasma explodes. Under the action of high pressure, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and plasma are quickly sprayed out from gaps around the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are fractured in a toughness manner and flow out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil;
E. and recovering the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2, and removing burr scraps.
Further, the high-temperature-resistant silicone oil 2 in the deep hole restrains the laser-induced plasma gas, and the pressure of the plasma gas is improved.
The method and the device have the innovative points that:
(1) the method and the device realize the high-precision and high-efficiency burr removal by utilizing the thermal coupling effect formed by the high-temperature spherical block/silicon oil and the laser shock wave pressure.
(2) In the method and the device, the burrs at the periphery of the intersecting surface of the deep hole generate ductile fracture under the action of thermal coupling, and the damage of the intersecting surface caused by brittle fracture of the burrs is avoided.
(3) The device has simple structure, easy operation and environmental protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the portion a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the burr removal of the present invention.
(a) Before heating, a large gap exists between the spherical block and the intersecting surface, so that the assembly between the spherical block and the deep space can be ensured; (b) after heating, the spherical block is thermally expanded to form a tiny gap between the spherical block and the intersecting surface, and the temperature of the silicone oil and the burr is greatly increased, so that the strength of the burr is reduced, and the toughness is high; (c) the laser interacts with the surface material of the spherical block to generate plasma; (d) high-pressure shock waves are generated by plasma explosion, and under the action of the shock waves and high temperature, burrs are subjected to toughness fracture and flow out of the deep hole along with silicone oil.
In the figure, 1 nanosecond laser, 2 high-temperature resistant silicon oil, 3 a workpiece to be processed, 4 a conveying rod, 5 a temperature controller, 6 a spherical block, 7 a blind hole, 8 sleeves I, 9 an electric heating body, 10 a nut, 11 a sleeve II.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated and understood by the following non-limiting examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the laser removing device for processing burrs on the intersecting surface of the deep hole comprises a nanosecond laser 1, high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2, a conveying rod 4, a temperature controller 5, a spherical block 6, a blind hole 7, a sleeve I, an electric heating body 9, a nut 10 and a sleeve II.
A sleeve I, an electric heating body 9 and a sleeve II are arranged in an inner hole of the spherical block 6, the sleeve I, the electric heating body 9 and the sleeve II are tightly pressed on the shaft shoulder position of the conveying rod 4 by a nut 10, and the nut 10 is in threaded connection with the conveying rod 4. The electric heating body 9 leads out through the blind hole 7 on the conveying rod and is electrically connected with the temperature controller 5.
Firstly, the spherical block 6 expands at high temperature to form a tiny gap between the spherical block 6 and a intersected surface, and the high-temperature resistant silicon oil 2 and burrs around the intersected surface are heated to 120-200 ℃ by the high-temperature spherical block 6; then, nanosecond laser 1 interacts with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and high-pressure shock waves are formed after the plasma explodes; and finally, under the action of high-pressure shock waves, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and the plasma mixed fluid are sprayed out at a high speed at a gap of the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are subjected to ductile fracture under the action of thermal coupling, and are discharged out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil, and further the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole are removed efficiently and precisely.
The nanosecond laser parameters are as follows: the pulse width of the laser is 15-60 ns, the energy of the laser is 5-20J, and the pulse frequency is 0.5-2 Hz.
The spherical block 6 is made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The laser deburring method of the laser deburring device for processing burrs on the intersecting surfaces of the deep holes comprises the following steps:
A. the device is arranged near the intersecting surface of the deep hole through the conveying rod 4, and a large gap exists between the surface of the spherical block 6 and the intersecting surface of the deep hole.
B. Adjusting a temperature controller to heat the electric heating body 9, so that the temperature of the spherical block 6 rises and thermal expansion is generated, and finally the surface of the spherical block 6 is directly contacted with the through surface of the deep hole or a tiny gap (less than or equal to 0.2mm) is formed;
C. injecting high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 into the deep hole, and rapidly heating the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil nearby and the burrs of the intersecting surface to 120-200 ℃ by using the spherical block 6;
D. and (3) turning on the nanosecond laser 1, enabling the nanosecond laser 1 to interact with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and forming shock wave pressure after the plasma explodes. Under the action of high pressure, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and plasma are quickly sprayed out from gaps around the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are fractured in a toughness manner and flow out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil;
E. and recovering the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and the burr scraps.
Example one
Taking a motorcycle crankshaft as an example, the laser removing device for processing burrs on the deep hole intersecting surface is used for removing the burrs on the intersecting surface of the crankshaft oil hole, and the adopted laser parameters are as follows: the laser pulse width is 15ns, the laser energy is 10J, the pulse frequency is 10 times, and the pulse frequency is 1 Hz. The specific operation steps are as follows:
A. the device is arranged near the intersecting surface of the deep hole through the conveying rod 4, and a large gap exists between the surface of the spherical block 6 and the intersecting surface of the deep hole.
B. Adjusting a temperature controller to heat the electric heating body 9, so that the temperature of the spherical block 6 rises and thermal expansion is generated, and finally the surface of the spherical block 6 is directly contacted with a deep hole intersecting surface or a tiny gap (approximately equal to 0.1mm) is formed;
C. injecting high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 into the deep hole, and rapidly heating the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil nearby and the burrs of the intersecting surface to 140 ℃ by the spherical block 6;
D. and (3) turning on the nanosecond laser 1, enabling the nanosecond laser 1 to interact with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and forming shock wave pressure after the plasma explodes. Under the action of high pressure, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and plasma are quickly sprayed out from gaps around the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are fractured in a toughness manner and flow out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil;
E. and recovering the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2, and removing burr scraps.
Example two
Taking a motorcycle crankshaft as an example, the laser removing device for processing burrs on the deep-hole intersecting surface is adopted to remove the burrs on the intersecting surface of the crankshaft oil hole. Firstly, the spherical block 6 expands at high temperature to form a tiny gap between the spherical block 6 and a intersected surface, and the high-temperature resistant silicon oil 2 and burrs around the intersected surface are heated to 140 ℃ by the high-temperature spherical block 6; then, nanosecond laser 1 interacts with the surface of the spherical block 6 to form plasma, and high-pressure shock waves are formed after the plasma explodes; and finally, under the action of high-pressure shock waves, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil 2 and the plasma mixed fluid are sprayed out at a high speed at a gap of the intersecting surface, so that burrs around the intersecting surface are subjected to ductile fracture under the action of thermal coupling, and are discharged out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil, and further the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole are removed efficiently and precisely.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
In conclusion, the invention has simple structure, easy operation and environmental protection; the thermal coupling effect formed by the high-temperature spherical block/silicon oil and the laser shock wave pressure is utilized to cause the toughness fracture of the burrs of the intersecting surface, so that the burrs of the intersecting surface of the deep hole can be removed efficiently and precisely.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a laser remove device of deep hole looks through face processing burr which characterized in that: including nanosecond laser (1), high temperature resistant silicone oil (2), conveying pole (4), temperature controller (5), spherical piece (6), blind hole (7), sleeve I (8), electric heat body (9), nut (10) and sleeve II (11) install sleeve I (8), electric heat body (9) and sleeve II (11) in spherical piece (6) hole, adopt nut (10) to compress tightly spherical piece (6) and sleeve I (8), electric heat body (9), sleeve II (11) on conveying pole (4) shaft shoulder position, adopt threaded connection between nut (10) and conveying pole (4), on conveying pole (4) was located in blind hole (7), electric heat body (9) are connected with temperature controller (5) electricity through blind hole (7).
2. The laser removing device for the processing burr of the intersecting surface of the deep hole according to claim 1, wherein: the pulse width of the nanosecond laser (1) is 15-60 ns, the laser energy is 5-20J, and the pulse frequency is 0.5-2 Hz.
3. The laser removing device for the processing burr of the intersecting surface of the deep hole according to claim 2, wherein: the spherical block (6) is made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
4. A method for removing a deep-hole intersecting surface machining burr by using a laser removing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
A. the device is arranged near the intersecting surface of the deep hole through the conveying rod (4), and a larger gap exists between the surface of the spherical block (6) and the intersecting surface of the deep hole;
B. adjusting a temperature controller to heat the electric heating body (9) so as to raise the temperature of the spherical block (6) and generate thermal expansion, and finally causing the surface of the spherical block (6) to be in direct contact with the through surface of the deep hole or forming a tiny gap;
C. injecting high-temperature-resistant silicon oil (2) into the deep hole, and rapidly heating the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil (2) nearby and burrs on the intersecting surface by the spherical block (6);
D. the nanosecond laser (1) is started, the nanosecond laser (1) interacts with the surface of the spherical block (6) to form plasma, shock wave pressure is formed after the plasma explodes, the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil (2) and the plasma are rapidly sprayed out from gaps around the intersecting surface under the action of high pressure, burrs around the intersecting surface are fractured in a toughness mode, and the burrs flow out of the deep hole along with the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil (2);
and E, recovering the high-temperature-resistant silicon oil (2) and removing burr scraps.
5. The laser removing method for the processing burr of the intersecting surface of the deep hole according to claim 4, characterized in that: the minimum clearance formed in the step B is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
6. The laser removing method for the processing burr of the intersecting surface of the deep hole according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step C, the temperature of the high-temperature resistant silicon oil (2) near the spherical block (6) and the burrs of the intersecting surface is kept at 120-200 ℃.
CN201911389229.8A 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 Laser removing device and method for processing burrs on intersecting surface of deep hole Active CN110899985B (en)

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US6669805B2 (en) * 2001-02-16 2003-12-30 International Business Machines Corporation Drill stack formation
CN102950387A (en) * 2012-11-18 2013-03-06 田欣利 Laser heating auxiliary arc striking micro-explosion processing method and device for engineering ceramic material
CN103521933B (en) * 2013-10-14 2015-07-29 江苏大学 A kind of induced with laser shock wave auxiliary laser drilling method
CN104043906B (en) * 2014-06-09 2016-03-02 江苏大学 A kind of double excitation system drilling method
CN106312215B (en) * 2016-09-09 2019-08-09 清华大学 Method and device for removing metal burrs
CN106737199B (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-09-14 华南理工大学 A kind of online deburring and the fine grinding attachment of grinding wheel dressing laser assisted and method
CN206764134U (en) * 2017-05-08 2017-12-19 上海大道包装隔热材料有限公司 A kind of device using laser ablation burr

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