CN110915012A - 移除磁性穿隧接面蚀刻后侧壁损伤的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
图案化磁穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的方法包括:于磁穿隧接面层堆叠(16)上提供图案化遮罩(18),磁穿隧接面层堆叠形成于晶圆(10)上的底电极(12)之上;蚀刻堆叠,以形成磁穿隧接面装置;以及利用物理方法移除磁穿隧接面装置上的侧壁损伤(22),较佳为在化学机械研磨中或超音波清洗工具中使用研浆(27,47),以物理侵蚀并移除侧壁损伤。
Description
技术领域
本申请是关于磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)的总体领域,且特别是关于形成磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法。
背景技术
在自旋力矩(spin torque)应用领域中,磁性穿隧接面的干式蚀刻工艺是决定磁性穿隧接面性能的关键步骤。最主要的问题是磁性穿隧接面蚀刻工艺会造成侧壁损伤。利用反应离子蚀刻(reactive ion etching,RIE)工艺蚀刻的典型磁性穿隧接面通常具有侧壁损伤,可能是由蚀刻工艺中氧气或其他化学物质所导致,以及/或由于蚀刻工艺后暴露于氧气中所导致。侧壁损伤会导致磁阻比(DRR)对尺寸的相依性,降低磁阻随机存取存储器晶片(magneto-resistive random-access memory,MRAM)性能的读取宽裕度(read margin)。当磁阻随机存取存储器工艺的尺寸减少至65nm或甚至更小时,侧壁的损伤会更加严重。
围绕磁阻穿隧接面的侧壁损伤层被认为是化学不稳定层(chemically unstablelayer)。半导体后端工艺(back end of line,BEOL)的加热处理会因为原子扩散而增加侧壁的损伤,并导致磁性穿隧接面的性能快速下滑。
许多专利已教示移除侧壁损伤的方法。这些专利包括:美国专利申请案2017/0025603(hara)、2016/0020386(Kim等人)以及2006/0132983(Osugi等人)。其他专利也教示了化学机械研磨(chemical mechanical polishing,CMP)的用途,包括美国专利8,105,948(Zhong等人)与8,822,994(Zhang等人)。这些参考文献都不同于本公开。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种形成磁性穿隧接面结构的改良方法。
本公开的另一目的是提供一种在磁性穿隧接面装置的蚀刻工艺之后,移除侧壁损伤的方法。
本公开的又一目的是提供一种在磁性穿隧接面装置的蚀刻工艺之后,利用分子作用力(molecular action)移除侧壁损伤的方法。
本公开的再一目的是提供一种在磁性穿隧接面装置的蚀刻工艺之后,利用化学机械研磨(CMP)研浆的分子作用力移除侧壁损伤的方法。
根据本公开的上述目的,提供一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法。于晶圆上的底电极上提供一堆叠的磁性穿隧接面层,并于磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供硬遮罩层。图案化硬遮罩层以形成硬遮罩。图案化磁性穿隧接面堆叠以形成磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于磁性穿隧接面装置的侧壁上形成侧壁损伤。对磁性穿隧接面装置进行物理处理以移除侧壁损伤。
另外根据本公开的上述目的,提供一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法。于晶圆上的底电极上提供一堆叠的磁性穿隧接面层,并于磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供硬遮罩层。图案化硬遮罩层以形成硬遮罩。图案化磁性穿隧接面堆叠以形成磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于磁性穿隧接面装置的侧壁上形成侧壁损伤。涂布能物理性侵蚀并移除磁性穿隧接面装置上的侧壁损伤的研浆,以移除侧壁损伤。
另外根据本公开的上述目的,提供一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法。于晶圆上的底电极上提供一堆叠的磁性穿隧接面层,并于磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供硬遮罩层。图案化硬遮罩层以形成硬遮罩。图案化磁性穿隧接面堆叠以形成磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于磁性穿隧接面装置的侧壁上形成侧壁损伤。涂布研浆,利用化学机械研磨工艺与兆音波(兆频超声波)或超音波工艺的其一或两者,以移除侧壁损伤,此研浆能物理性侵蚀并移除磁性穿隧接面装置上的侧壁损伤。
附图说明
以下绘示出配合形成此说明一部分的材料的图示。
图1至图6是说明本公开较佳的实施例中代表步骤的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
本公开的基本概念是利用分子运动(molecular movement)侵蚀蚀刻磁性穿隧接面所造成的侧壁受损层。使用化学机械研磨机搭配特定研浆可产生分子运动。
参照图1至图6,以下详述新的公开内容。工艺从常规的磁性穿隧接面蚀刻工艺开始。现在特别参照图1,其绘示出形成于基板10与绝缘层14上的底电极12。于底电极上沉积膜层16以形成磁性穿隧接面。膜层16包括一种或多种固定层(pinned layer)、穿隧阻障层(tunnel barrier layer)与自由层(free layer),此为本公开所属技术领域的常规。最终,于磁性穿隧接面层16上沉积硬遮罩层18。
于硬遮罩层之上形成光刻胶遮罩(掩模)25。如图2所绘示,使用光刻胶遮罩25图案化硬遮罩层以形成硬遮罩18。如图2所绘示,以反应离子蚀刻工艺执行磁性穿隧接面的蚀刻较佳,其包括蚀刻硬遮罩。如图3所绘示,接着以反应离子蚀刻工艺蚀刻磁性穿隧接面层16。
在磁性穿隧接面蚀刻工艺之后,从蚀刻工具卸载晶圆并曝露至空气中。如图3所绘示,磁性穿隧接面侧壁在蚀刻工艺时,或是在暴露于空气中时造成侧壁氧化而受损(侧壁受损层(sidewall damaged layer)22)。受损层22会导致较低的磁阻比、较差的磁性(例如较低的顽矫磁力(coercivity,Hc)、较低的能障(energy barrier,Eb)、较高的临界写入电流(critical writing current,Ic)、较高的临界写入电压(critical writing voltage,Vc)),而且也会对电与磁性能造成非一致性。当磁性穿隧接面的尺寸减少时,这样的侧壁损伤会更加恶化。
参照图4,我们导入了一种通过移除侧壁受损层22而保护磁性穿隧接面的新方法。可使用物理处理方法来移除磁性穿隧接面蚀刻工艺与将磁性穿隧接面侧壁曝露于空气中所导致的侧壁损伤。物理处理中使用化学机械研磨(CMP)研浆27以侵蚀侧壁材料。晶圆固定于化学机械研磨工具的头部(未绘示)。在化学机械研磨工艺时,头部与平台会旋转(步骤29)。研浆粒子接触并侵蚀侧壁材料22。物理处理工艺会移除侧壁受损层22至等同于氧化硅(SiOx)约5至间的深度,较佳为等同于氧化硅的深度。
为了达到好的处理性能,研磨研浆的pH值应在约5至10间,且研浆粒子的尺寸应在约至间,较佳为至间。研磨时,晶圆应坐落于不加压与不抽真空的化学机械研磨工具中。一般化学机械研磨会加压与抽真空,但为了达到移除侧壁损伤的目的,不应施加压力与抽真空。
其他物理处理,包括使用研浆的兆音波(megasonic,兆频超声波)或超音波方法也可移除侧壁损伤。通过在清洁液中产生控制声振空化(acoustic cavitation),执行兆音波或超音波方法。音波穿越液体的压力变化可产生声振空化。我们使用具有约在0至14的pH值且粒子尺寸最多至10μm的化学机械研磨研浆作为流体。在兆音波或超音波增强下,研浆粒子会攻击侧壁。这些方法可于上述的化学机械研磨工艺之后进行,或以化学机械研磨工艺代替。在这些方法中,如图5所绘示,将研浆42置于槽体40内,槽体具有兆音波或超音波产生器46。接着将晶圆10浸没至槽体内。在此步骤中,将晶圆固定至研磨头部(未绘示)并旋转晶圆。研浆粒子47会接触并攻击侧壁材料22。
图6是说明了利用图4所述的化学机械研磨工艺进行物理处理之后的晶圆的示意图,接着,可选地进行图5所述的兆音波或超音波工艺,或以图5所述的兆音波或超音波工艺取代。侧壁受损层22已从磁性穿隧接面堆叠16移除。
本公开中,若不移除侧壁损伤而进行磁性穿隧接面蚀刻工艺,时常可观察到磁阻比对尺寸的相依性。当磁性穿隧接面的尺寸减少时,磁阻比的相依性会随之下降。维持小磁性穿隧接面尺寸的磁阻比相依性是自旋力矩转移磁阻随机存取存储器(spin torquetransfer MRAM,STT-MRAM)产品最主要的问题。利用本公开的工艺,由于移除了侧壁受损层,可在磁性穿隧接面对尺寸不具相依性的条件下维持磁阻比相依性。更有利的是,可增强自旋力矩的效率且也能达到较低的临界写入电压与临界写入电流。
本公开中,移除物理侧壁损伤的方法可用于嵌入式(embedded)存储器应用领域(例如嵌入式高密度垂直磁非等向性(perpendicular magnetic anisotropy,PMA)自旋力矩转移(STT)磁阻随机存取存储器),平面内(in-plane)、平面外(out-of-plane)或部分平面外非等向性的磁性穿隧接面装置。
尽管本公开中说明且详述较佳的实施例,在本公开所属技术领域中的一般技术人员应理解,他们能在不违背本公开的精神或在随附的权利要求所限定的范围内,做各式各样的改变。
Claims (20)
1.一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法,包括:
于一晶圆上的一底电极上提供一堆叠的磁性穿隧接面层;
图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠,以形成一磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于所述磁性穿隧接面装置的多个侧壁上形成侧壁损伤;以及
之后,对所述磁性穿隧接面装置的所述侧壁进行一物理处理,以移除所述侧壁损伤。
2.如权利要求1所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,还包括:
于所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供一硬遮罩层;
图案化所述硬遮罩层,以形成一硬遮罩;以及
于图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠的步骤中使用所述硬遮罩。
3.如权利要求1所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中利用一物理蚀刻工艺图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠,其中所述物理蚀刻工艺形成所述侧壁损伤。
4.如权利要求3所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中当所述磁性穿隧接面装置暴露于空气时,在所述物理蚀刻工艺之后形成所述侧壁损伤。
5.如权利要求1所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中所述物理处理包括:
于一化学机械研磨(CMP)工具中固定所述晶圆;以及
在旋转所述化学机械研磨工具时涂布一研浆至所述晶圆,其中所述研浆物理性侵蚀并移除所述侧壁损伤。
8.如权利要求5所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中于所述化学机械研磨工具中固定所述晶圆的步骤不加压且不抽真空。
10.一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法,包括:
于一晶圆上的一底电极上提供的磁性穿隧接面层的堆叠;
于所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供一硬遮罩层;
图案化所述硬遮罩层,以形成一硬遮罩;
图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠,以形成一磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于所述磁性穿隧接面装置的多个侧壁上形成侧壁损伤;以及
之后,涂布能物理性侵蚀并移除所述磁性穿隧接面装置上的所述侧壁损伤的一研浆,以移除所述侧壁损伤。
11.如权利要求10所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中利用一物理蚀刻工艺图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠。
12.如权利要求11所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中所述物理蚀刻工艺形成所述侧壁损伤。
13.如权利要求11所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中当所述磁性穿隧接面装置暴露于空气时,在所述物理蚀刻工艺之后形成所述侧壁损伤。
14.如权利要求10所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中涂布所述研浆的步骤包括:
于一化学机械研磨(CMP)工具中固定所述晶圆;以及
在旋转所述化学机械研磨工具时涂布所述研浆至所述晶圆。
17.如权利要求14所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中于所述化学机械研磨工具中固定所述晶圆的步骤不加压且不抽真空。
18.一种磁性穿隧接面(MTJ)结构的蚀刻方法,包括:
于一晶圆上的一底电极上提供一堆叠的磁性穿隧接面层;
于所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠上提供一硬遮罩层;
图案化所述硬遮罩层,以形成一硬遮罩;
图案化所述磁性穿隧接面堆叠,以形成一磁性穿隧接面装置,其中于所述磁性穿隧接面装置的多个侧壁上形成侧壁损伤;以及
之后,涂布一研浆,利用一化学机械研磨工艺以及一兆音波或超音波工艺中的一者或两者,以移除所述侧壁损伤,所述研浆能物理性侵蚀并移除所述磁性穿隧接面装置上的所述侧壁损伤。
19.如权利要求10所述的磁性穿隧接面结构的蚀刻方法,其中涂布所述研浆的步骤包括:
于一研磨工具中固定所述晶圆;以及
在旋转所述研磨工具时,涂布所述研浆至所述晶圆。
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| US15/465,642 | 2017-03-22 | ||
| US15/465,642 US10103322B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2017-03-22 | Method to remove sidewall damage after MTJ etching |
| PCT/US2018/020854 WO2018175095A1 (en) | 2017-03-22 | 2018-03-05 | Method to remove sidewall damage after mtj etching |
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| US (1) | US10103322B1 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR102278832B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN110915012A (zh) |
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| US11043251B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-06-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Magnetic tunnel junction device and method of forming same |
| CN111952440B (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2023-04-07 | 中电海康集团有限公司 | Mram器件的制造方法 |
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| US6759263B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2004-07-06 | Chentsau Ying | Method of patterning a layer of magnetic material |
| JP2006179051A (ja) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気抵抗センサ及びその製造方法 |
| US20060292705A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Veeco Instruments Inc. | Method and process for fabricating read sensors for read-write heads in mass storage devices |
| US7993535B2 (en) | 2007-01-26 | 2011-08-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Robust self-aligned process for sub-65nm current-perpendicular junction pillars |
| US8105948B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2012-01-31 | Magic Technologies, Inc. | Use of CMP to contact a MTJ structure without forming a via |
| US8324622B2 (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2012-12-04 | Stmicroelectronics Inc. | Method of repairing probe pads |
| US8722543B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-05-13 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Composite hard mask with upper sacrificial dielectric layer for the patterning and etching of nanometer size MRAM devices |
| US9166154B2 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2015-10-20 | Avalance Technology, Inc. | MTJ stack and bottom electrode patterning process with ion beam etching using a single mask |
| JP6132791B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 | 2017-05-24 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 半導体デバイスの製造方法及び製造装置 |
| JP2016018964A (ja) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社東芝 | 磁気抵抗効果素子 |
| KR20160011069A (ko) | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 자기 소자의 제조 방법 |
| US10516101B2 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2019-12-24 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Physical cleaning with in-situ dielectric encapsulation layer for spintronic device application |
| US9812155B1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-11-07 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Method and system for fabricating high junction angle read sensors |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180277751A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| US10103322B1 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
| WO2018175095A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| DE112018001545T5 (de) | 2019-12-05 |
| DE112018001545B4 (de) | 2024-08-22 |
| KR102278832B1 (ko) | 2021-07-20 |
| KR20190129949A (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
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