CN110927946B - High-resolution digital slit lamp microscope and method for realizing high resolution - Google Patents
High-resolution digital slit lamp microscope and method for realizing high resolution Download PDFInfo
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- CN110927946B CN110927946B CN201911388350.9A CN201911388350A CN110927946B CN 110927946 B CN110927946 B CN 110927946B CN 201911388350 A CN201911388350 A CN 201911388350A CN 110927946 B CN110927946 B CN 110927946B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高分辨率的数码裂隙灯显微镜及其实现高分辨率方法，该系统包括：共用前置物镜A、光阑、伽利略望远镜B、分光棱镜C、摄影物镜D。前置物镜是整个系统的基础物镜其透镜所在轴心与伽利略望远镜B、分光棱镜C的透镜所在轴心在纵向方向偏心放置，用于透射入射光为平行光；伽利略望远镜用于实现两档变倍；分光棱镜放置在伽利略望远镜后的平行光路用于分光，后接内置的摄影物镜和CCD，用于观察、照相等功能。本发明设计结构简单、合理，前置物镜工作距离长，方便对患者进行诊断和治疗等操作，通过倒置伽利略望远镜可实现两档变倍放大倍率，且低倍和高倍均具有较高的分辨率及优良的成像质量，解决低倍和高倍成像质量差异大，高倍分辨率低的问题，可广泛应用眼视光学领域中。
The invention provides a high-resolution digital slit lamp microscope and a method for realizing high-resolution. The front objective lens is the basic objective lens of the whole system. The axis of the lens and the axis of the lens of the Galileo telescope B and the beam splitter prism C are placed eccentrically in the longitudinal direction to transmit the incident light as parallel light; the Galileo telescope is used to achieve two-speed variable The beam splitter prism is placed in the parallel light path behind the Galileo telescope for light splitting, followed by a built-in photographic objective lens and CCD for observation, photography and other functions. The present invention has a simple and reasonable design structure, a long working distance of the front objective lens, and facilitates operations such as diagnosis and treatment of patients. Two-step variable magnification can be realized by inverting the Galileo telescope, and both low and high magnifications have high resolution. And excellent imaging quality, to solve the problem of large difference in imaging quality between low magnification and high magnification, and low resolution at high magnification, it can be widely used in the field of optometry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-resolution digital slit-lamp microscope and a method for realizing the high resolution.
Background
The slit-lamp microscope is mainly applied to the field of optical vision, such as cataract screening, corneal injury, retinal detachment and the like. With the development of digital imaging technology, the digital slit-lamp microscope has the functions of high resolution, image storage at any time, rapid diagnosis and the like, and gradually replaces the traditional slit-lamp microscope. In order to expand the examination and diagnosis range of the digital slit-lamp microscope and enable the digital slit-lamp microscope to have a treatment function, an examiner often adds other auxiliary elements between human eyes and the shared front objective lens, and therefore the working distance of the shared front objective lens needs to be long enough. However, the working distance of many common pre-objective lenses is short at present, which is not beneficial to diagnosis and treatment, and meanwhile, the common pre-objective lens belongs to a large-caliber objective lens, and the manufacturing cost is increased due to too many lenses or too complex structure. On the other hand, the common pre-objective lens of the digital slit-lamp microscope has longitudinal eccentricity in the optical path, when the eccentricity reaches a certain degree, the introduced additional astigmatism has a large influence on high-power imaging quality, the resolution ratio is reduced, and the difference between low-power imaging quality and high-power imaging quality is large. Therefore, the research on the digital slit lamp microscope with long working distance and high resolution is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention improves the problems, namely the technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the working distance of the common preposed objective lens is short at present, diagnosis and treatment are not facilitated, and meanwhile, the common preposed objective lens belongs to a large-caliber objective lens, and the lenses are too many or the structure is too complex.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows: a high resolution digital slit lamp microscope, comprising: the device comprises a common preposed objective A, a diaphragm, a Galilean telescope B, a beam splitter prism C and a photographic objective D;
the common front objective lens A is composed of three spherical lenses, and sequentially comprises from an object side to an image side: a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens; the first lens is a double-concave negative lens, and the second lens and the third lens are double-convex positive lenses;
the Galilean telescope is composed of four spherical lenses and comprises the following components from an object side to an image side: a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The fourth lens is a biconvex positive lens, the fifth lens is a meniscus negative lens, the sixth lens is a meniscus positive lens, and the seventh lens is a biconcave negative lens;
the beam splitter prism C is a parallel flat plate;
the photographic objective lens is composed of four spherical lenses and comprises from an object side to an image side: the lens comprises an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens and an eleventh lens, wherein the eighth lens and the tenth lens are both double convex positive lenses, and the ninth lens and the eleventh lens are both double concave negative lenses;
the axes of the lenses in the shared preposition objective lens A are on the same straight line M, the axes of the lenses of the Galileo telescope B and the beam splitter prism C are on the same straight line N, and the straight line N is in the same plane with the straight line M and is longitudinally staggered in height.
Further, the air interval between the object and the first lens is 95-100 mm; the air space between the second lens and the third lens is 0.1 mm; the air space between the third lens and the diaphragm is 7.4 mm; the air space between the diaphragm and the fourth lens is 0.1 mm; the air space between the fifth lens and the sixth lens is 23.5 mm; the air space between the seventh lens and the light splitting prism C is 10 mm; the air space between the beam splitter prism and the eighth lens is 5 mm; the air space between the eighth lens and the ninth lens is 1.7 mm; the air space between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 5 mm; and the air space between the eleventh lens and the image plane is 38.5 mm.
Further, the focal length of the first lens is set as f1The focal length of the second lens is set as f2The focal length of the third lens is set as f3Focal length f of front lensAThe ratios of (A) to (B) are respectively as follows: -1 < f1/f A＜-0.5，0.5＜f2/fA＜1，0.7＜f3/fA＜1.2。
Further, the focal length of the eighth lens is set to f8The focal length of the ninth lens is set as f9The focal length of the tenth lens is set as f10The focal length of the eleventh lens is set as f11And focal length f of photographic objective lensDThe ratios of (A) to (B) are respectively as follows: f is more than 0.58/fD ＜1，-0.9＜f9/fD＜-0.4，0.2＜f10/fD＜0.7，-1＜f11/fD＜-0.5。
Further, the refractive index of the first lens is more than or equal to 1.7, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 25; the refractive index of the second lens is more than or equal to 1.5, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive index of the third lens is more than or equal to 1.65, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive indexes of the eighth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are more than or equal to 1.6, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive index of the ninth lens is larger than or equal to 1.6, and the Abbe constant is larger than or equal to 35.
The invention also comprises a high-resolution method for realizing the digital slit-lamp microscope, which gradually carries out longitudinal eccentricity and additional aberration correction on the common preposed objective A, and reduces the sudden drop of imaging quality caused by the additional aberration introduced by large eccentricity; balance the image quality in the sagittal and meridional directions and correct astigmatism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the system has simple and reasonable structure, the shared front storage mirror has enough working distance, and other auxiliary elements can be added between the patient and the shared front storage mirror for diagnosis and treatment, thereby greatly expanding the application range.
(2) On the premise of ensuring excellent imaging quality, the shared front objective only adopts three spherical lenses, so that the processing and assembling precision of the lens group is low, and the lens group has great advantages in cost.
(3) The switching of high-low-power two gears can be realized by inverting the Galileo telescope, and the structure is simpler. The built-in photographic objective is beneficial to reducing the influence of the optical adapter on the imaging quality of the system, simultaneously increases the optimization degree of freedom, compensates the residual aberration of the shared front objective and the Galileo telescope by reasonably distributing focal power and matching glass, balances the image quality in the radial direction and the meridional direction, and further improves the imaging quality and the resolution.
(4) The imaging quality can be reduced suddenly due to the additional aberration caused by large eccentricity by gradually performing longitudinal eccentricity and correcting the additional aberration on the shared front objective lens, so that the imaging quality and the resolution are greatly improved; the system has higher resolution and excellent imaging quality in both the low power and the high power, solves the problems of large difference of the low power imaging quality and the high power imaging quality and low high power resolution, and can be widely applied to the field of eye vision optics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical structure in high magnification according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an optical structure diagram of a digital slit-lamp microscope at low magnification after the telescopic inversion of galilean.
FIG. 3 is a graph of MTF for an optical system at high magnification;
fig. 4 is a graph of MTF in low power for an optical system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the digital slit-lamp microscope with high resolution provided in this embodiment includes: the lens system comprises a common preposed objective A, a diaphragm, a Galilean telescope B, a beam splitter prism C and a photographic objective D.
The common pre-objective lens A is arranged in a certain eccentric mode in the longitudinal direction, specifically, the axes of all lenses in the common pre-objective lens A are on the same straight line M, the axes of all lenses of the Galileo telescope B and the light splitting prism C are on the same straight line N, the straight line N is longitudinally staggered in the same plane and height from the straight line M and used for transmitting incident light as parallel light, the common pre-objective lens is used by an upper identical optical path and a lower identical optical path, and the main optical path in the figure 1 is designed to be the main optical path.
In the present embodiment, the common pre-objective lens a includes: the first lens is a biconcave negative lens, and the second lens and the third lens are both biconvex positive lenses; in order to provide a working distance which is long enough, the air interval between an object and the first lens is 95-100 mm, and the working distance is the focal length of the common front objective lens A without considering the thickness condition of the lens; the air space between the second lens and the third lens is 0.1 mm; the third lens bears the main focal power, and the focal length of the first lens is set as f1The focal length of the second lens is f2The focal length of the third lens is f3Focal length f of the front lensAThe ratios between the two satisfy: -1 < f1/f A＜-0.5，0.5＜f2/fA＜1，0.7＜f3/fALess than 1.2; the first group of double-cemented lenses formed by the joint connection of the first lens and the second lens adopts high-dispersion flint glass and low-dispersion crown glass for achromatization; wherein the refractive index of the first lens is more than or equal to 1.7, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 25; the refractive index of the second lens is more than or equal to 1.5, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive index of the third lens is greater than or equal to 1.65, and the Abbe constant is greater than or equal to 55.
The Galilean telescope B is used for realizing high-low power conversion.
In this embodiment, gammaThe telescope B comprises: the fourth lens is a double convex positive lens, the fifth lens is a meniscus negative lens, the sixth lens is a meniscus positive lens, and the seventh lens is a double concave negative lens; the aperture diaphragm is arranged at the position 0.1 mm in front of the second group of double-gluing formed by tightly connecting the fourth lens and the fifth lens, so that the aperture of the fourth lens can be reduced; specifically, the air space between the third lens and the diaphragm is 7.4 mm; the air space between the diaphragm and the fourth lens is 0.1 mm; the air space between the fifth lens and the sixth lens is 23.5 mm; the air space between the seventh lens and the light splitting prism C is 10 mm; the second group of double-bonding focal length formed by the fourth lens and the fifth lens in a sealing way is fIIF is a third double-component adhesive composed of a sixth lens and a seventh lensIIITo make the system more compact, fIIAnd fIIIIt should satisfy: 25 < | fII+fIII | ＜35，| fII/fIIIThe | is more than 2; the second group of double gluing and the third group of double gluing are both performed with achromatization by adopting a crown glass and flint glass combination mode; further, the refractive index of the fourth lens is more than or equal to 1.5, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive index of the fifth lens is more than or equal to 1.65, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 30; the refractive index of the sixth lens is more than or equal to 1.75, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 25; the refractive index of the seventh lens is not less than 1.65, and the Abbe constant is not less than 55.
The beam splitter prism C is used for splitting light.
In this embodiment, the beam splitter prism C is a parallel plate with a certain thickness, and the clear aperture of the parallel plate is capable of allowing the edge light to pass through; wherein, the air space between the beam splitter prism C and the eighth lens is 5 mm.
Among them, the photographing objective lens D is used as a photographing device.
In the present embodiment, the photographing objective lens D includes: the fourth lens element comprises a fourth spherical lens element, a fifth spherical lens element, a sixth spherical lens element, a seventh spherical lens element, a sixth spherical lens element, a tenth spherical lens element and an eleventh spherical lens element, wherein the eighth and tenth spherical lens elements are double-convex positive lens elements, and the ninth and eleventh spherical lens elements are double-concave negative lens elements; the eighth lens element and the ninth lens elementThe air interval between the chambers is 1.7 mm; the air space between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 5 mm; the air space between the eleventh lens and the image plane is 38.5 mm; aberration such as coma aberration and chromatic aberration can be corrected by reasonably distributing focal power and selecting appropriate glass materials for combination. Specifically, the eighth lens focal length is set to f8The focal length of the ninth lens is set as f9The focal length of the tenth lens is set as f10The focal length of the eleventh lens is set as f11And focal length f of photographic objective lensDThe ratios of (A) to (B) are respectively as follows: f is more than 0.58/fD ＜1，-0.9 ＜f9/fD ＜-0.4，0.2 ＜f10/fD＜ 0.7，-1 ＜f11/fD< -0.5; the refractive indexes of the eighth lens, the tenth lens and the eleventh lens are more than or equal to 1.6, and the Abbe constant is more than or equal to 55; the refractive index of the ninth lens is larger than or equal to 1.6, and the Abbe constant is larger than or equal to 35.
In this embodiment, the optical system composed of the lens groups achieves the following performance parameters:
(1) working distance: 95-100 mm;
(2) two-stage magnification: high power 40x, low power 6 x;
(3) f number: high power F # 9 and low power F # 7;
(4) an image sensor: 1/1.8 inch CCD, image height 4.5;
(5) working spectral range: the visible light band.
In the example, the common front objective lens is longitudinally eccentric and corrected with additional aberration step by step, so that the imaging quality is suddenly reduced due to the additional aberration caused by large eccentricity; balancing image quality in the sagittal direction and the meridional direction, and correcting astigmatism; by reasonably distributing the focal power of each lens group, replacing a proper glass material and adjusting the structural parameters of the optical system, the system has higher resolution and good imaging quality in both low power and high power.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the optical system has a low diffraction limit at high magnification, but the full-field MTF values are all 0.15 or more at the spatial frequency of 115 lp/mm, and the imaging quality is excellent. At low power, the full field MTF value reached 0.3 at 115 lp/mm, approaching the diffraction limit. Fig. 3 and 4 illustrate that the optical system in this embodiment has higher resolution and good imaging quality in both the low power and the high power.
Any embodiment disclosed herein above is meant to disclose, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical ranges disclosed as being preferred, and any person skilled in the art would understand that: the preferred ranges are merely those values which are obvious or representative of the technical effect which can be achieved. Since the numerical values are too numerous to be exhaustive, some of the numerical values are disclosed in the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned numerical values should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
If the terms "first," "second," etc. are used herein to define parts, those skilled in the art will recognize that: the terms "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one element from another in a descriptive sense and are not intended to have a special meaning unless otherwise stated.
Meanwhile, if the invention as described above discloses or relates to parts or structural members fixedly connected to each other, the fixedly connected parts can be understood as follows, unless otherwise stated: a detachable fixed connection (for example using bolts or screws) is also understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (e.g. riveting, welding), but of course, fixed connections to each other may also be replaced by one-piece structures (e.g. manufactured integrally using a casting process) (unless it is obviously impossible to use an integral forming process).
In addition, terms used in any technical solutions disclosed in the present invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include approximate, similar or approximate states or shapes unless otherwise stated.
Any part provided by the invention can be assembled by a plurality of independent components or can be manufactured by an integral forming process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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| EP2392959B1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2020-07-01 | Nikon Corporation | Imaging optical system, and microscope apparatus and stereo microscope apparatus, having the imaging optical system |
| CN102928960A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Microscope objective optical system for video imaging |
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