CN110960765B - Ventilation system for assisting operation with function of monitoring respiratory state in operation - Google Patents
Ventilation system for assisting operation with function of monitoring respiratory state in operationInfo
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- CN110960765B CN110960765B CN201911256270.8A CN201911256270A CN110960765B CN 110960765 B CN110960765 B CN 110960765B CN 201911256270 A CN201911256270 A CN 201911256270A CN 110960765 B CN110960765 B CN 110960765B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/082—Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/083—Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
- A61B5/0833—Measuring rate of oxygen consumption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/083—Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
- A61B5/0836—Measuring rate of CO2 production
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有术中呼吸状态监测功能的手术辅助用通气系统，所述通气系统包括：鼻部供气接口(101)、供气支路(102)、口鼻呼气接口(103)、气体供应设备(105)、呼气支路(106)、缓冲腔(107)、流量计(108)、采样器件(120)以及气体成分测定装置(140)。本发明的通气系统可以帮助医生了解到患者术中全程的呼吸情况，准确检测患者在手术各个阶段的呼吸量变化趋势、氧气吸收比例、氧气吸收量、二氧化碳排放量，进而有助于术后的统计性研究学习以及术中患者状况的监测。
The present invention discloses a surgical auxiliary ventilation system with a function of monitoring the respiratory status during surgery, the ventilation system comprising: a nasal air supply interface (101), an air supply branch (102), an oral and nasal exhalation interface (103), a gas supply device (105), an exhalation branch (106), a buffer chamber (107), a flow meter (108), a sampling device (120) and a gas composition measuring device (140). The ventilation system of the present invention can help doctors understand the respiratory status of patients throughout the operation, accurately detect the respiratory volume change trend, oxygen absorption ratio, oxygen absorption amount and carbon dioxide emission of patients at various stages of the operation, and thus contribute to statistical research and study after surgery and monitoring of the patient's condition during surgery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of respiratory assistance, in particular to a ventilation system for assisting an operation with an intraoperative respiratory state monitoring function.
Background
At present, although surgery has become the first means for treating serious diseases, and in order to ensure smooth progress of surgery, anesthesia during surgery is basically a necessary means. Patients, especially the old, have a certain risk in general anesthesia operation, especially the risk of intoxication can appear symptoms such as shortness of breath, dyspnea, triple concave, cyanosis etc. in the art, cardiac arrest etc. even appear death, so preoperative examination is on the one hand, and monitoring in the art is more important.
At present, parameters in operations such as heart rate and blood pressure can be monitored through corresponding detection equipment, but a large lifting space still exists for monitoring the breathing condition of a patient.
Different types of ventilation systems are used to provide ventilation to a patient, possibly in different ways for gas recovery or for direct discharge of exhaled gas. Part of the ventilation system has the ability to collect a sample of gas from the patient to monitor respiration.
The gas sampling system delivers a flow of gas from the airway of the patient through the sampling tube to the sampling unit, and the composition of the gas is measured by the gas detection system in the sampling unit. The gas is continuously sucked into the sampling unit through the sampling tube, and the sampling unit is positioned in the gas measuring instrument. The gas is typically sampled at a flow rate of from about 30ml/min to about 400 ml/min.
The existing sampling system generally samples the gas exhaled by the patient from the side, so that other gas exhaled by the patient is exhausted into the air, but the sampling system has a great defect that only the content of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the gas exhaled by the patient in the sample can be known, but the oxygen absorption amount during the breathing process of the patient cannot be determined, the carbon dioxide is exhausted, and how much the breathing amount of the patient changes along with the operation is not known.
In addition, existing ventilation systems often use a single-inlet single-outlet type of ventilation, and the sampling is also generally a direct single-inlet sampling, and airflow may often be very asymmetric between the patient's nares. This may affect the efficiency of the oxygen supply and affect the accuracy of the sampled information.
Another monitoring mode is based on blood oxygen content. Currently, blood oxygen levels are measured by pulse oximetry, which can be categorized as transmission and reflection. Transmission or perspective oximetry is the measurement of extinction by a sensor as light passes through a portion of the blood perfused tissue. Light is emitted from one side of the blood perfused tissue and recorded from a detector on the other side.
However, although this method can accurately reflect the local blood oxygen content of the patient, due to the difference between the patients, the proportional relationship between the distribution condition of the blood oxygen at the same part of different patients and the respiratory condition of the patient often has difficulty in accurately corresponding, that is, the respiratory condition of the patient reflected by the same blood oxygen content at the same part of two different patients may be completely different. Such as pulse oximetry for partially injured patients (e.g., severely burned patients), clerks, and manual workers, are not the same. Even different surgical sites can have an impact on the outcome. Therefore, none of these methods accurately reflect the respiratory condition of different patients, and provide basic data for further intensive research.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a ventilation system capable of reflecting the whole-course oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide emission of a patient during operation, which can monitor the respiration of the patient in real time and collect the respiration, oxygen consumption and oxygen absorption ratio change of each stage of the patient operation.
In addition, the invention solves the problem that the sampling equipment is easy to be polluted by the expired gas in the gas component monitoring process, thereby affecting the sampling accuracy.
The invention provides a ventilation system for assisting an operation with a function of monitoring an intraoperative respiratory state, which is characterized by comprising a nasal air supply interface, an air supply branch, an oral-nasal air exhaling interface, a gas supply device, an air exhaling branch, a buffer cavity, a flowmeter, a sampling device and a gas component measuring device, wherein the nasal air supply interface is connected with one end of the air supply branch, the other end of the air supply branch is connected to the gas supply device, the oral-nasal air exhaling interface is connected to the air exhaling branch, the buffer cavity is arranged in the air exhaling branch, the sampling device is communicated with the buffer cavity, the gas component measuring device faces a sampling window of the sampling device and is used for measuring gas components collected in the sampling device, and the flowmeter is arranged at the downstream of the buffer cavity and is used for measuring the amount of gas exhaled by a patient.
In a preferred implementation, the oronasal exhalation port is nested outside the nasal supply port.
In another preferred implementation, the oronasal exhalation port includes a respiratory mask body, a securing strap, and an exhaust port.
In another preferred implementation mode, the ventilation system further comprises a water absorption pad, wherein the water absorption pad is arranged on the inner side of the mouth-nose exhalation interface and is attached to the inner wall of the respiratory mask body, and the antibacterial design is adopted.
In another preferred implementation, the sampling device includes an outer sleeve, a front seal, a sampling head, a rear piston, a piston rod, and a parity hook-and-loop fastener.
In a further preferred embodiment, the part of the nasal air supply connection to the air supply branch is made of an elastic memory material.
In another preferred implementation, the outer sleeve is of rectangular or cylindrical configuration, open at both ends.
In another preferred implementation, the buffer chamber further comprises a pressure monitoring device, and the pressure monitoring device is arranged in the buffer chamber.
It should be noted that the patient interface, mask and/or cannula discussed herein as being intended for a human patient is not limited in scope to use with human patients only, and may be used in a variety of other environments. For example, the invention may also be used in the veterinary field where the "patient" is an animal. With the rise in water of pet value, no special intraoperative monitoring for animals is excluded in the future.
Technical effects
The ventilation system can effectively separate the air supply branch from the air exhaust branch, is convenient to install, effectively fixes the air suction interface through the air exhaust interface, avoids the problem of inconvenient installation of other double-branch systems, can help doctors to know the whole-course breathing condition of a patient in operation, accurately detects the breathing variation trend, the oxygen absorption proportion, the oxygen absorption quantity and the carbon dioxide emission of the patient in each stage of the operation, does not need to be carried out in a huge tail gas collecting and processing system, and is further beneficial to statistical study after the operation and monitoring of the condition of the patient in the operation. The invention is in fact more focused on medical research, has little effect on the wearing comfort of the patient, and is far better than other implementations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the exhalation interface of a surgical assist ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the nasal air supply interface of the surgical assist ventilation system of an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the expiratory limb and the component measurement portion of the ventilation system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sampling device in a preferred implementation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples thereof, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ventilation system for assisting operation with a function of monitoring the respiratory state in operation of the present embodiment includes a nasal air supply port 101, an air supply branch 102, an oral-nasal air discharge port 103, a water absorbing pad, an oxygen supply device 105, an air discharge branch 106, a buffer chamber 107, a flow meter 108, a detection branch 109, a sampling device 120, and a gas component measuring apparatus 140.
The nose gas supply interface 101 is connected with the gas supply branch 102, one end of the gas supply branch 102 is connected with the nose gas supply interface 101, and the other end is connected with a gas supply device, such as an oxygen supply device, preferably an oxygen supply device with pure oxygen or explicitly known oxygen content ratio. The middle part of the gas supply branch 102 can be provided with a gas mixing cavity, and the gas mixing cavity can receive multiple inputs and output through the gas supply branch 102. For example, one path of the gas mixing cavity can receive anesthetic gas output by the anesthetic machine and then be mixed with oxygen. As shown in fig. 2, the right end of the air supply port 101 is sealed, but has a length at its right end so as to be secured by the gland of the exhalation port when installed.
The nasal air supply interface 101 employs a single-hole or double-hole nasal interface for patient inhalation, the latter being employed in this embodiment. Preferably, the outside of the dual bore nasal interface has an elastomeric sealing material that maintains a seal with the nostrils of the patient as much as possible after insertion into the nostrils. The mouth-nose exhalation port 103 is nested outside the nasal delivery port 101, in the form of a respiratory mask, for receiving the exhaled gases from the patient. The nasal air supply interface 101 is internal and the oral nasal air exhale interface 103 is external, thereby forming a nested arrangement. The two may be separate structures or integral structures, preferably the former. A sealing notch 1034 matched with the air supply branch 102 is arranged on two sides of the mouth-nose exhalation port 103 so as to limit the mouth-nose exhalation port 103 to realize fixation and allow the air supply branch to extend into the mask.
The mouth-nose exhalation interface 103 includes a respiratory mask body 1031, a securing strap 1032, and an exhaust interface 1033. The respiratory mask body 1031 is fitted with the mouth and nose of the patient, protrudes outward, and the exhaust port 1033 is provided on the protruding portion. The fixing strap 1032 is used to fix the oral-nasal exhalation interface. The air supply branch 102 passes through the sealing notch 1034 of the oral-nasal exhalation port 103 and is connected with the nasal air supply port 101.
In a preferred implementation, the location of the nasal air supply interface 101 that connects to the air supply branch 102 is made of an elastic memory material, so that the orientation of the air supply branch 102 is slightly adjusted when the nasal air supply interface 101 is worn by the patient. The oronasal exhalation port 103 is fixedly connected 106 to the exhaust branch via an exhaust port 1033.
Preferably, the respiratory mask further comprises a water absorption pad (not shown) which is arranged on the inner side of the oral-nasal exhalation port 103 and is attached to the inner wall of the respiratory mask body, and the water absorption pad adopts a bacteriostatic design, for example, comprises a bacteriostatic material layer.
A buffer chamber 107 is provided at a certain section in the exhalation branch 106, and a flow meter 108 is located in the exhalation branch 106 downstream of the buffer chamber 107 for measuring the flow of gas out of the buffer chamber.
The detection branch is disposed at the end of the buffer chamber, and is used for guiding the buffered gas in the buffer chamber into the sampling device 120.
The flowmeter 108 and the gas composition measuring device 140 are closely fitted. The gas component measuring device performs gas component measurement at predetermined time intervals, for example, every 1s, 0.5s, or 0.1 s. The sampling device 120 of the gas component measuring apparatus is disposed at a position where the downstream of the buffer chamber is connected to the exhaust branch, the flow meter measures the gas flow rate in one sampling period each time during the measurement of the gas component and the concentration, and the ventilator time-integrates the product of the concentration and the flow rate of each gas, respectively, thereby more accurately reflecting the components of the exhausted gas.
A check valve is provided in the exhalation branch downstream of the flow meter 108 to avoid back flow of the exhaust gases.
In a preferred implementation, a pressure sensor is provided in the respiratory mask (exhalation port) for determining the waveform of the air pressure in the respiratory mask, and a trigger signal is issued when the pressure in the respiratory mask is higher than a predetermined value. A sliding spacer 1071 is provided in the buffer chamber 107, the periphery of which is kept sealed with the inner wall of the buffer chamber, a one-way vent 1072 is provided on the spacer and the movement of the sliding spacer is driven by a micro hydraulic press or motor to reciprocate along the buffer chamber. When the pressure in the breathing mask is higher than the first threshold value, the isolating sheet is driven to move downwards (towards the exhaust direction) and then enters into the exhaust period or the expiration period, one to multiple times of sampling is carried out in each patient expiration period, at least one time of sampling is carried out before the expiration period, one time of sampling is carried out at the beginning of the expiration period, sampling devices extract sampling gas from the buffer cavity 107 and carry out component measurement on the sampling gas during sampling, meanwhile, the sliding isolating sheet moves downwards, the gas in the buffer cavity is driven to be discharged outwards, meanwhile, the flowmeter carries out exhaust gas flow measurement, when the pressure in the breathing mask is lower than the second threshold value or after a preset time (for example, 0.3 s), the expiration period is finished, the sliding isolating sheet is driven to stop moving, when the pressure in the breathing mask is lower than the third threshold value or lower than the second threshold value for a preset time, the check valve downstream of the flowmeter is driven to carry out reverse movement, after a certain distance of movement, the air pressures on two sides of the sliding isolating sheet are balanced, the one-way air vent on the sliding isolating sheet is opened, and when the pressure in the buffer cavity is close to the upstream and the pressure in the breathing mask flows into the first threshold value again when the pressure in the breathing mask is higher than the first threshold value.
The invention adopts positive pressure ventilation and negative pressure exhaust to supply gas for patients. The pressure in the nasal inhalation interface is greater than 1 atmosphere and the pressure in the respiratory mask is less than 1 atmosphere. The first threshold may be set to about 1 atmosphere or slightly lower than 1 atmosphere, so that when the patient exhales to raise the pressure in the mask, the pressure in the exhaust branch may be reduced to promote smooth exhalation of the patient, the first threshold, the second threshold and the third threshold are sequentially reduced, the second threshold may be set to 85-95% of the 1 atmosphere, the third threshold may be set to 75-85% of one atmosphere to avoid excessively low pressure in the exhaust branch. By adopting the circulation mode, the smooth exhalation of the patient is ensured, and the stability of the components of the exhaled gas of the patient is ensured. Because the pressure of the air supply path is higher than 1 atmosphere, the pressure of the expiration branch path is lower than one atmosphere, which is beneficial to promoting the patient to breathe and discharge phlegm more smoothly. The invention adopts a slow pressure equalizing and exhausting mode to provide stable negative pressure, and the existing air pump mode has certain airflow impact.
In addition, since the patient exhaled gas is first sufficiently mixed upstream of the buffer chamber, and the flow rate and the gas components are synchronously measured in each expiration period, the discharge amounts of the various gas components in any time period can be obtained by integrating them for any time period, thereby determining the absorption amount and the absorption ratio of oxygen during the respiration of the patient.
The gas component measuring apparatus 140 employs an ultraviolet, visible or infrared absorption type analyzer including a light source 141, a signal acquisition module 142, and a spectrum analysis module 143. It should be noted that the technology of the absorption spectrometer is relatively mature, and the present invention can use the existing infrared absorption analyzer.
The light emitted by the light source is focused into the sampling device 120 from the first light-transmitting window, the air therein is irradiated, the signal acquisition device acquires the laser emitted from the second light-transmitting window, the absorption peaks of the transmitted light corresponding to carbon dioxide and oxygen are determined through the absorption spectrum analysis device, and the content of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen in the expired air is determined based on the integration of the absorption peaks of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen.
The gas component measurement apparatus determines the absorption peak of CO 2 and the absorption peak of oxygen, respectively, based on the received transmitted light spectrum, and integrates the absorption peaks of both, respectively. However, in consideration of the fact that the sampling cavity inevitably causes pollution in the cavity and damage to a window along with the increase of the service time, the invention adopts a double-pressure twice measurement normalization compensation mode to measure carbon dioxide and oxygen (as well as other components).
That is, when gas sampling is performed, normal gas sampling is performed first such that the gas pressure of the sampling chamber is P2 as the buffer chamber, absorption spectrum measurement is performed once, then the volume in the sampling chamber is compressed to half the original volume (or 1/M, M is a positive integer greater than 2) such that the internal pressure thereof is increased by 2 times (or M times) the original volume, spectrum measurement is performed again, and then determination of each gas component is performed according to the following formula.
For example, for carbon dioxide, the formula is as follows:
Where n represents the number of synchronous samplings of the flowmeter and the sampling device, one or more samplings are typically performed in one exhalation cycle, λ C1 and λ C2 are the leading edge frequency and the trailing edge frequency of the main absorption peak of carbon dioxide, norm () represents the normalization operation, normalization references at two pressures P1 and P2 are the same, ab CO2-P1 represents the measured spectral peak height of carbon dioxide at the current frequency in the absorption spectrum when the spectral measurement is performed at pressure P1, and Ab CO2-P2 represents the measured spectral peak height of carbon dioxide at the current frequency in the absorption spectrum when the spectral measurement is performed at pressure P2, where P1 is an integer multiple of P2. Cp CO2 is a compensation coefficient for carbon dioxide because, although the pressure doubles, the actual concentration of carbon dioxide doubles, but the reflection in the spectrum is not perfectly linear, there is some difference in the absorption ratio at different concentrations, CF CO2 is a spectral-concentration conversion coefficient for the absorption peak of carbon dioxide by which different absorption peak intensities can be converted to corresponding carbon dioxide concentrations. DeltaV n is the amount of gas emitted by the flow meter during the current measurement period of the spectroscopic measurement, and the total amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient over any period of time can be obtained by summing the carbon dioxide concentrations over a plurality of measurement periods. The compensation parameters can be determined by concentration calibration in advance.
Similarly, a similar formula is used for other gases, such as the following formula for exhaled oxygen:
The meaning of each parameter in this formula is similar to the above formula (1). For other pre-measured gas compositions, the acquisition can be performed in a similar manner. By adopting the measuring mode, the interference can be effectively removed, when the measurement is carried out by taking carbon dioxide as an example under laboratory conditions, 10 different lenses are adopted, each lens is measured for 30 times, an infrared spectrometer with the error of 2% is adopted for the measurement, then an inlet gas component measuring device with the error of less than 0.1 is used for calibration, and the total error can reach 5% -15% if the measurement is carried out directly according to the conventional mode due to the error of the spectrometer and the self interference of a sampling tube.
However, if the above measurement method of the present invention is adopted, the error can be reduced to below 1.5% by adopting an infrared spectrometer with a common error of 2%, because the measurement error of the infrared spectrometer under the same condition and the interference of the sampling tube are effectively eliminated.
In addition, in the aspect of measuring the total exhaled air quantity, the invention adopts the effective synchronization of flow and measurement, so that the measurement of the total flow quantity can be realized more accurately.
Preferably, the composition of the gas supplied by the oxygenation device and the amount of gas supplied may be determined by the readings of a flow meter installed at the oxygenation device, and in particular for pure oxygenation, the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas subtracted from the amount of oxygen may determine the amount of oxygen consumed, the amount of oxygen consumed subtracted from the amount of carbon dioxide may determine the amount of consumption of H (1:2 ratio) in the carbohydrates of the patient during breathing, and thus the source of energy primarily consumed during patient breathing. The CO is negligible.
In a preferred implementation, as shown in FIG. 4, the sampling device 120 includes an outer sleeve 121, a front seal 122, a sampling head 123, a rear piston 124, a piston rod 125, and a parity hanging buckle. The sampling device in the embodiment can realize self-cleaning.
The outer sleeve 121 is of rectangular or cylindrical configuration, open at both ends, and is described in detail below with respect to a rectangular shape.
The front seal 122 is provided on the left side of the outer sleeve, in close fit with the outer sleeve 121.
The sampling head 123 is mounted in the middle of the left side of the front seal 122. The sampling head comprises a sampling tube, the sampling head is arranged on the front sealing piece, the sampling tube is a columnar hollow tube, the sampling tube is connected with the sampling branch and then communicated with the buffer cavity, and the sampling tube can be practically used as the sampling branch directly.
The front seal has a thickness to maintain its attitude within the outer sleeve. Preferably, the sampling tube has a certain length, and the middle part of the sampling tube is provided with an electric control valve so as to control the opening and closing of the sampling tube according to sampling and exhaust instructions.
The rear piston 124 and the front seal 122 are mounted in parallel with each other in the outer sleeve, the piston rod 125 is fixedly connected to the right side of the rear piston (it is to be noted that the left and right sides are only described according to the direction in the figure, and those skilled in the art can adjust the rear piston according to the need in the specific application), the right side of the rear piston faces the front seal, the middle part of the rear piston is provided with a sealing plug protruding forward, and the sealing plug is matched with the size of the sampling tube.
The piston rod 125 is mounted in a piston rod holder having a driving means therein for driving the piston rod to reciprocate in the outer sleeve.
The parity hanging buckle includes a first buckle assembly 126 and a second buckle assembly 127 mounted on opposite sides of the rear piston and the front seal, respectively. The even hanging type hasp has the function that when the rear piston passes through the cylinder bottom (the right side of the cylinder) for the first time, the first hasp component and the second hasp component do not carry out hasp, and when the rear piston passes through the cylinder bottom for the second time, the first hasp component and the second hasp component realize hasp.
In this embodiment, the odd-even hanging type hasp is realized electronically, the first hasp component installed on the front sealing element comprises a protruding part protruding leftwards, a transverse blocking hook is arranged at the top of the protruding part, and the second hasp component corresponding to the first hasp component is arranged on the right side of the rear piston. For example, the second buckle assembly includes a tab locking area for receiving the tab and the transverse catch, the tab locking area having an electrically controlled latch tongue that when extended can catch the transverse catch to connect the front seal and the rear piston together. The electric control lock tongue is controlled by the micro controller and the magnetic control, when the rear piston stretches into the outer sleeve for odd times, the lock tongue is controlled not to stretch out, and when the rear piston stretches into the outer sleeve for even times, the lock tongue stretches out to block the transverse blocking hook.
The two side walls of the outer sleeve are provided with two light-transmitting windows 131 and 132 allowing light to pass through, and the positions of the two light-transmitting windows are set according to detection requirements, for example, the two light-transmitting windows can be opposite to each other. The present embodiment adopts a setting manner of being opposed to each other. The inner surface of the light-transmitting window and the inner wall of the outer sleeve are in the same plane, both near one side of the front seal.
The sampling device in this embodiment can be self-cleaning:
In the initial state, the rear piston is positioned at the bottom of the outer sleeve, the first hasp component and the second hasp component are not locked with each other at the right side in the drawing, and the stop block is arranged at the left side of the front sealing piece, so that the front sealing piece can move rightwards without moving leftwards beyond the stop block. The front seal has a certain friction force with the outer sleeve so that it remains stationary during inspiration. When air sampling is carried out, the piston rod pulls the rear piston 124 to move rightwards at a preset speed, the inner wall of the outer sleeve is scraped and cleaned through the piston, and meanwhile, the gas in the target area is sucked through the sampling tube under the action of negative pressure. The piston may act as a basic cleaning process for the window.
When the internal air pressure is the same as that of the buffer cavity (P2), sampling is completed, the valve in the sampling tube is closed, light emitted by the light source irradiates into the outer sleeve through the window of the outer sleeve, and signal sampling is carried out from the other window.
After the first sampling is completed, the piston rod pushes the piston leftwards, the valve in the sampling tube is continuously closed until the pressure in the sampling tube is increased to P1=MxP2, then the sampling tube valve is opened, the piston is continuously pushed leftwards, sample air is discharged through the sampling tube, after the piston reaches the bottom, as the even number of pistons enter, after the first lock catch assembly and the second lock catch assembly are in place, the microcontroller controls the lock tongue to extend out, the piston is connected with the front sealing element, and then the piston drives the front sealing element to move leftwards, and in the process, the front sealing element scrapes the inner wall of the outer sleeve, so that the inner wall of the outer sleeve is further cleaned.
Optionally, 2 through holes are provided on the piston, and when the piston and the front seal reach the right side of the outer sleeve, cleaning material is introduced between the piston and the front seal through the first through hole 131, and the cleaning material can be discharged from the other pipeline 133.
The cleaning medium can adopt clean air or organic solvent to blow the particles or dust scraped by the front sealing element through the recovery pipe for removal. In this way, the cleaning effect is significantly improved over the direct introduction of clean air, since the space between the piston and the seal is small and dust on the side walls is already carried up by the seal by scraping. Of course, the cleaning by the cleaning medium need not be performed after each sample, but may be performed after a predetermined number of sample cycles.
The piston rod then pushes the piston and seal to the left, returning again to the sampling position, where the piston disengages from the seal as it is an odd number of piston rod advances, and after reaching the bottom, the lock is released.
When the sampling is needed again, the piston rod pulls the piston to move rightwards, and cleaning of the inner part of the outer sleeve is realized during movement, so that the sample is polluted as little as possible. The sample may then be tested for the next cycle. Because the cylinder wall in the sampling tube is smooth enough, the cleaning is easy, and the parts which are difficult to clean are the parts where the piston contacts the cylinder wall and the joint parts of the sampling tube, the method can effectively clean the key parts.
By adopting the operation auxiliary breathing machine, the total amount of the gas components exhaled by the patient can be continuously monitored, and the oxygen demand of the patient in each operation stage can be known by combining the measurement of the oxygen supply amount of the oxygen supply device, so that a doctor can better know the physiological change of the patient in the operation process.
While the principles of the invention have been described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the implementations of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The details of the embodiments are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, and any obvious modifications based on equivalent changes, simple substitutions, etc. of the technical solution of the invention fall within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A ventilation system for assisting operation with a function of monitoring respiratory state in operation is characterized by comprising a nasal air supply interface (101), an air supply branch (102), an oral-nasal air exhaust interface (103), a gas supply device (105), an air exhaust branch (106), a buffer cavity (107), a flowmeter (108), a sampling device (120) and a gas component measuring device (140), wherein the nasal air supply interface (101) is connected with one end of the air supply branch (102), the other end of the air supply branch (102) is connected to the gas supply device (105), the oral-nasal air exhaust interface (103) is connected to the air exhaust branch (106), a buffer cavity (107) is arranged in the air exhaust branch (106), the sampling device (120) is communicated with the buffer cavity, the gas component measuring device (140) faces to a sampling window of the sampling device (120) for measuring gas components collected in the sampling device (120),
The sampling device (120) comprises an outer sleeve (121), a front sealing piece (122), a sampling head (123), a rear piston (124), a piston rod (125) and a parity hanging type hasp;
the two ends of the outer sleeve (121) are open;
the front sealing piece (122) is arranged on the left side of the outer sleeve and is tightly matched with the outer sleeve (121);
the sampling head (123) is arranged in the middle of the left side of the front sealing piece (122), the sampling head comprises a sampling tube, the sampling head is arranged on the front sealing piece (122), the sampling tube is a columnar hollow tube, and the sampling tube is connected with the sampling branch and then communicated with the buffer cavity;
The rear piston (124) and the front sealing element (122) are arranged in parallel in the outer sleeve, the piston rod (125) is fixedly connected with the right side of the rear piston, the right side of the rear piston faces the front sealing element, the middle part of the rear piston is provided with a sealing plug protruding forwards, and the sealing plug is matched with the size of the sampling tube;
the piston rod (125) is arranged in the piston rod fixing seat, and a driving device is arranged in the piston rod fixing seat so as to drive the piston rod to reciprocate in the outer sleeve;
The even-odd hanging type hasp comprises a first hasp component (126) and a second hasp component (127), which are respectively arranged on one side of the rear piston and the front sealing piece, which are opposite to each other, and the even-odd hanging type hasp has the functions that when the rear piston passes through the cylinder bottom for the first time, the first hasp component and the second hasp component do not carry out the hasp, and when the rear piston passes through the cylinder bottom for the second time, the first hasp component and the second hasp component realize the hasp
When gas sampling is carried out, normal gas sampling is firstly carried out, so that the air pressure of a sampling cavity is the same as that of a buffer cavity, primary absorption spectrum measurement is carried out, then the volume in the sampling cavity is compressed to 1/M of the original volume, so that the internal pressure is increased to be M times of the original volume, at the moment, the pressure is P1, M is 2, spectrum measurement is carried out again, and then the determination of each gas component is carried out according to the following formula:
Where n represents the number of samples that the flowmeter and sampling device synchronize, one or more samples taken during one exhalation cycle, AndFor the leading and trailing frequencies of the main absorption peak of carbon dioxide, norm () represents the normalization operation, the normalization references at both pressures P1 and P2 are the same,Represents the measured spectral peak height of carbon dioxide at the current frequency in the absorption spectrum when the spectral measurement is performed at pressure P1,Represents the measured spectral peak height of carbon dioxide at the current frequency in the absorption spectrum when the spectral measurement is performed at pressure P2,For the compensation factor for carbon dioxide,For the absorption peak of carbon dioxide, the spectral-concentration conversion coefficient,The amount of gas emitted during the current measurement period of the spectroscopic measurement measured for the flow meter.
2. The ventilation system for assisting surgery with function of monitoring respiratory status in surgery according to claim 1, wherein the oral-nasal exhalation interface (103) comprises a respiratory mask body (1031), a fixing strap (1032), and an exhaust interface (1033).
3. The ventilation system for assisting surgery with the function of monitoring the respiratory state in surgery according to claim 2, further comprising a water absorption liner (104), wherein the water absorption liner (104) is arranged on the inner side of the mouth-nose exhalation interface (103), is attached to the inner wall of the respiratory mask body, and adopts a bacteriostasis design.
4. A ventilation system for surgical assistance with intra-operative respiratory condition monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the nasal air supply interface (101) connected to the air supply branch (102) is made of an elastic memory material.
5. A ventilation system for surgical assistance with intra-operative respiratory condition monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sleeve (121) is of rectangular or cylindrical configuration, open at both ends.
6. The ventilation system for surgical assistance with intra-operative respiratory state monitoring of claim 1, further comprising a pressure monitoring device disposed within the buffer chamber.
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| CN203043220U (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-07-10 | 亓慧娟 | Respiratory conveying device applied to breathing machine |
| CN110478581A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 南华大学附属第一医院 | A kind of ventilator with anesthesia and quantitative measurment function |
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| US7305988B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-12-11 | The General Electric Company | Integrated ventilator nasal trigger and gas monitoring system |
| TW201231105A (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-08-01 | Nat Defense Medical Ct | Positive and negative pressure air supplying device for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
| JP6137823B2 (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2017-05-31 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | Airway adapter, biological information acquisition system, and oxygen mask |
| CN207203198U (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-04-10 | 广州中医药大学第一附属医院 | A kind of mask for the breathing of non-intubatton type intravenous anesthesia patient-monitoring |
| CN209123108U (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-07-19 | 广州维力医疗器械股份有限公司 | It is a kind of monitoring end-expiratory carbon dioxide and can oxygen supply mouth and nose formula conduit |
| CN109303959A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-05 | 北京怡和嘉业医疗科技股份有限公司 | Ventilation therapy equipment and control method of ventilation therapy equipment |
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| CN110478581A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 南华大学附属第一医院 | A kind of ventilator with anesthesia and quantitative measurment function |
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