CN110994163B - A low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on a metasurface - Google Patents
A low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on a metasurface Download PDFInfo
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- CN110994163B CN110994163B CN201910950951.8A CN201910950951A CN110994163B CN 110994163 B CN110994163 B CN 110994163B CN 201910950951 A CN201910950951 A CN 201910950951A CN 110994163 B CN110994163 B CN 110994163B
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于超表面的低剖面宽带微带天线，包括从上到下依次设置的超表面辐射层、介质基板层和馈电层；所述超表面辐射层贴装在介质基板的上层，所述馈电层贴装在介质基板下层；所述超表面辐射层包含9个圆形辐射单元；所述馈电层包括CPW馈线、三角形金属分支、渐变式耦合缝隙和金属地板；信号由CPW馈线输入，经过三角形金属分支和渐变式耦合缝隙将信号耦合至超表面辐射层，从而形成一个较宽的阻抗带宽。本发明采用以圆形贴片为辐射单元的超表面结构，既提高了整个天线的阻抗带宽，同时，也保证了高频段天线的方向性。采用渐变式耦合馈电结构，与CPW馈线耦合馈电相比，渐变式结构能够大幅度提高天线阻抗带宽并降低天线剖面。
The present invention discloses a low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on a metasurface, comprising a metasurface radiation layer, a dielectric substrate layer and a feed layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the metasurface radiation layer is mounted on the upper layer of the dielectric substrate, and the feed layer is mounted on the lower layer of the dielectric substrate; the metasurface radiation layer comprises 9 circular radiation units; the feed layer comprises a CPW feed line, a triangular metal branch, a gradient coupling slot and a metal floor; the signal is input by the CPW feed line, and the signal is coupled to the metasurface radiation layer through the triangular metal branch and the gradient coupling slot, thereby forming a wider impedance bandwidth. The present invention adopts a metasurface structure with circular patches as radiation units, which not only improves the impedance bandwidth of the entire antenna, but also ensures the directivity of the high-frequency band antenna. The gradient coupling feed structure is adopted. Compared with the CPW feed line coupling feeding, the gradient structure can greatly improve the antenna impedance bandwidth and reduce the antenna profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of X-band antennas, in particular to a low-profile broadband ultra-surface microstrip antenna.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication system technology, the requirements on antenna performance are also continuously improved, and the conventional antenna cannot completely meet the modern communication requirements. In modern communications, more communication devices are required to be equipped in the same space, and the number of antennas needs to be correspondingly increased, so that the coupling between the antennas directly affects the electrical index of the antennas, thereby finally affecting the communication quality, and therefore, an antenna is required to meet higher transmission performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband low-profile super-surface antenna which has the characteristics of being capable of realizing a wide frequency band, low in profile, small in size, low in cost and the like. The method is to increase the working bandwidth of the antenna, and to make different communication devices share the same antenna, thereby reducing the actual installation quantity of the antenna, and then to reduce the external dimension of the antenna, solve the interference problems of coupling and the like, and realize the requirement of modern communication.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on a super surface comprises a super surface radiation layer, a dielectric substrate layer and a feed layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the super surface radiation layer is attached to the upper end of the dielectric substrate layer, the feed layer is attached to the lower end of the dielectric substrate layer, the super surface radiation layer comprises 9 circular radiation units, the feed layer comprises a CPW feeder line, a triangular metal branch, a gradual change coupling gap and a metal floor, signals are input by the CPW feeder line, and the signals are coupled to the super surface radiation layer through the triangular metal branch and the gradual change coupling gap, so that a wider impedance bandwidth is formed.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the 9 circular radiating elements are arranged in a 3x3 mode, and the radius of the middle row of circular radiating elements is larger than that of the upper row of circular radiating elements and the lower row of circular radiating elements.
The radius of each circular radiating element in the middle row is the same, and the radius of each circular radiating element in the upper row and the lower row is the same.
And the tail end of the CPW feeder is connected with a triangular metal branch, and the triangular metal branch is positioned in the gradual-change coupling gap.
The axis of the super-surface radiation layer is coincident with the axis of the gradual coupling gap, and the edge of the metal floor is coincident with the edge of the medium substrate layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention adopts the super-surface structure taking the circular patch as a unit, thereby improving the impedance bandwidth of the whole antenna and simultaneously ensuring the directivity of the high-frequency antenna. Compared with CPW feeder line coupling feed, the gradual change type coupling feed structure can greatly improve the antenna impedance bandwidth and reduce the antenna section.
2. The ultra-surface is based on the regular or irregular arrangement of the sub-wavelength structure in the two-dimensional plane, is the two-dimensional plane situation of the metamaterial, can realize the propagation control of electromagnetic waves in a small range due to the characteristics of sub-wavelength and phase regulation, is convenient for the miniaturized design of microwave devices, stealth materials and antennas, and has the technical effects of reducing the overall dimension of the antenna and solving coupling interference in the aspect of the low-profile broadband microstrip antenna.
3. The low-profile broadband super-surface antenna designed by the invention is designed for X-band wireless communication, and can be widely applied to unmanned aerial vehicle systems, remote sensing test systems, investigation systems and carrier conformal aspects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feed layer structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a radiation layer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view;
FIG. 5 is a simulation S11 curve of the present invention, and includes a simulation S11 curve of a 3x3 square radiating subsurface with a simple monopole;
FIG. 6 is a gain pattern for the face of the 3x3 square radiating subsurface 8GHzH of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a gain pattern for the face of the 3x3 square radiating subsurface 10GHzH of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a gain pattern for the face of the 3x3 square radiating subsurface 11GHzH of the present invention.
Reference numeral 1, a super surface radiation layer; 2, a dielectric substrate layer, 3, a feed layer, 4, a circular radiation unit, 5, a CPW feeder line, 6, a triangular metal branch, 7, a gradual change coupling gap and 8, a metal floor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof, and that terms such as "upper," "lower," "middle," "upper," "lower," and the like merely distinguish positional relationships and are not particularly limited.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on the super surface comprises a super surface radiation layer 1, a dielectric substrate layer 2 and a feed layer 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the super surface radiation layer 1 is attached to the upper end of the dielectric substrate layer 2, the feed layer 3 is attached to the lower end of the dielectric substrate layer 2, the super surface radiation layer 1 comprises 9 circular radiation units 4, the feed layer 3 comprises a CPW feeder 5, a triangular metal branch 6, a gradual coupling gap 7 and a metal floor 8, signals are input by the CPW feeder 5, and the signals are coupled to the super surface radiation layer 1 through the triangular metal branch 6 and the gradual coupling gap 7, so that a wider impedance bandwidth is formed. The antenna adopts a printed circuit board process, wherein the materials of the radiation layer 1 and the feed layer 3 are metal copper, and the material of the dielectric substrate layer 2 is RO4350B.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the CPW feeder 5 inputs a signal, the other end is short-circuited with the metal floor 8, the end of the CPW feeder 5 is connected with a triangular metal branch 6, and the triangular metal branch 6 is located in the gradual coupling slit 7. The axis of the super surface radiation layer 1 coincides with the axis of the gradual coupling gap 7, and the edge of the metal floor 8 coincides with the edge of the dielectric substrate layer 2.
Further, the lower end of the CPW feeder line 5 is flush with the section, the upper end of the CPW feeder line 5 is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the upper end of the CPW feeder line 5 is provided with a triangular metal branch 6, the triangular metal branch 6 is communicated with the CPW feeder line 5, and the feed layer 3 is of a ladder-shaped coupling feed structure. The CPW feeder 5 has a width of S, the feeder extends to the center of the plane and is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, a gap between the feeder and the metal floor 8 is g, the triangular metal branches 6 are bilaterally symmetrical and are directly connected with the feeder, the long right-angle side length of the triangular metal branches is L1, the distance between the triangular metal branches and the metal floor 8 is WF/2, the gradual coupling gap 7 is positioned at the center of the whole plane, wherein the gradual coupling gap is L2, the gradual coupling gap is vertically symmetrical, the widest width of the gradual coupling gap is WF, and the narrowest width of the gradual coupling gap is 0.
Further, S is 1-1.5mm, g <0.5mm, L1 is 2.5-3mm, WF is 1-1.5mm, L2 is 3.5-4mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the 3x3 circular radiating element 4 is formed by a regular super-surface structure, the distance between the centers of the upper and lower rows of adjacent circular radiating elements 4 is a fixed value wp+ws, the diameters of the upper, middle and lower rows of circular elements are different, wherein the diameters of the upper and lower rows of circular elements are Wp, the diameter of the middle row is Wa, and the whole array is positioned at the center of the antenna.
The dielectric substrate layer 2 dimensions shown in fig. 4 are Wg x H.
Further, wa is 5.5-6mm, wp is 5-5.5mm, ws is 1-1.5mm, wg is 35-40mm, and H is 2.5-3mm.
Embodiment 1A low-profile broadband microstrip antenna based on a super surface is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a super surface radiation layer 1, a dielectric substrate layer 2 and a feed layer 3 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the super surface radiation layer 1 is attached to the upper end of the dielectric substrate layer 2, the feed layer 3 is attached to the lower end of the dielectric substrate layer 2, the super surface radiation layer 1 comprises 9 circular radiation units 4, the feed layer 3 comprises a CPW feeder 5, a triangular metal branch 6, a gradual coupling gap 7 and a metal floor 8, signals are input by the CPW feeder 5, and the signals are coupled to the super surface radiation layer 1 through the triangular metal branch 6 and the gradual coupling gap 7, so that a wider impedance bandwidth is formed. The antenna adopts a printed circuit board process, wherein the materials of the radiation layer 1 and the feed layer 3 are metal copper, and the material of the dielectric substrate layer 2 is RO4350B. The edge of the whole dielectric substrate layer is flush with the edge of the metal floor 8 and the bottom end of the CPW feeder 5, and the axis of the super-surface radiation layer 1, the axis of the dielectric substrate layer and the axis of the 2-order coupling gap coincide.
As shown in figure 2, the lower end of the CPW feeder line 5 is flush with the section, the upper end of the CPW feeder line 5 is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the upper end of the CPW feeder line 5 is provided with a triangular metal branch 6, the triangular metal branch 6 is communicated with the CPW feeder line 5, and the feed layer 3 is of a ladder-shaped coupling feed structure. The width S of the CPW feeder 5 is 1mm, the feeder extends to the center of the plane and is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the gap g between the feeder and the metal floor 8 is 0.1mm, the triangular metal branches 6 are bilaterally symmetrical and are directly connected with the feeder, the long right-angle side length L1 of the triangular metal branches is 2.5mm, the distance WF/2 between the triangular metal branches and the metal floor 8 is 0.5mm, the gradual coupling gap 7 is positioned in the center of the whole plane, the gradual coupling gap L2 is 3.5mm, the gradual coupling gap is vertically symmetrical, the widest width of the gradual coupling gap is WF, and the narrowest width of the gradual coupling gap is 0.
Further, S is 1-1.5mm, g <0.5mm, L1 is 2.5-3mm, WF is 1-1.5mm, L2 is 3.5-4mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the 3x3 circular radiating element 4 is formed by a regular super-surface structure, the distance wp+ws between the centers of the upper and lower rows of adjacent circular radiating elements 4 is a fixed value of 6mm, the diameters of the upper, middle and lower columns of circular elements are different, wherein the diameters Wp of the upper and lower rows of circular elements are 5mm, the diameter Wa of the middle row is 5.5mm, and the whole array is positioned at the center of the antenna.
The dimensions of the dielectric substrate layer 2 as shown in FIG. 4 are Wg x Wg x H, where Wg is 35mm and H is 2.5mm.
Example 2 this example differs from example 1 in that:
The width S of the CPW feeder 5 is 1.5mm, the feeder extends to the center of the plane and is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the gap g between the feeder and the metal floor 8 is 0.2mm, the triangular metal branches 6 are bilaterally symmetrical and are directly connected with the feeder, the long right-angle side length L1 of the triangular metal branches is 3mm, the distance WF/2 between the triangular metal branches and the metal floor 8 is 0.5mm, the gradual coupling gap 7 is positioned at the center of the whole plane, the gradual coupling gap L2 is 4mm, the gradual coupling gap is vertically symmetrical, the widest width of the gradual coupling gap is WF, and the narrowest width of the gradual coupling gap is 0.
The distance between the centers of the upper row and the lower row of adjacent circular radiating units 4 is 7mm, the diameters of the upper row, the middle row and the lower row of circular units are different, wherein the diameters of the upper row and the lower row of circular units are Wp of 5.2mm, the diameter of the middle row is Wa of 5.9, the whole array is positioned at the center of the antenna, and the Ws is 1.2mm.
The dimensions of the dielectric substrate layer 2 as shown in FIG. 4 are Wg x Wg x H, where Wg is 35mm and H is 2.5mm.
Example 3 this example differs from example 1 in that:
As shown in FIG. 2, the width S of the CPW feeder 5 is 1.2mm, the feeder extends to the center of the plane and is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the gap g between the feeder and the metal floor 8 is 0.3mm, the triangular metal branch 6 is bilaterally symmetrical and is directly connected with the feeder, the length L1 of the long right-angle side is 2.8mm, the distance WF/2 between the triangular metal branch and the metal floor 8 is 0.6, the gradual coupling gap 7 is positioned at the center of the whole plane, wherein the gradual change distance L2 is 3.7mm, the triangular metal branch is vertically symmetrical, the widest width of the gradual change part is WF, and the narrowest width is 0.
As shown in fig. 3, the 3x3 circular radiating element 4 is formed by a regular super-surface structure, the distance wp+ws between the centers of the upper and lower rows of adjacent circular radiating elements 4 is 6.5mm, the diameters of the upper, middle and lower rows of circular elements are different, wherein the diameter Wp of the upper and lower rows of circular elements is 5.2mm, the diameter Wa of the middle row is 5.8mm, and the whole array is positioned at the center of the antenna, and Ws is 1.3mm.
The dimensions of the dielectric substrate layer 2 as shown in FIG. 4 are Wg x Wg x H, where Wg is 38mm and H is 2.8mm.
Example 4 this example differs from example 1 in that:
the width S of the CPW feeder 5 is 1.5mm, the feeder extends to the center of the plane and is communicated with the metal floor 8 to form a short circuit, the gap g between the feeder and the metal floor 8 is 0.49mm, the triangular metal branches 6 are bilaterally symmetrical and are directly connected with the feeder, the long right-angle side length L1 of the triangular metal branches is 3mm, the distance WF/2 between the triangular metal branches and the metal floor 8 is 0.75mm, the gradual coupling gap 7 is positioned at the center of the whole plane, the gradual coupling gap L2 is 4mm, the gradual coupling gap is vertically symmetrical, the widest width of the gradual coupling gap is WF, and the narrowest width of the gradual coupling gap is 0.
The distance between the centers of the upper row and the lower row of adjacent circular radiating units 4 is 7mm, the diameters of the upper row, the middle row and the lower row of circular units are different, wherein the diameters of the upper row and the lower row of circular units are Wp of 5.5mm, the diameter of the middle row is Wa of 5.5, the whole array is positioned at the center of the antenna, and the Ws is 1.5mm.
The dimensions of the dielectric substrate layer 2 as shown in FIG. 4 are Wg x Wg x H, where Wg is 35mm and H is 2.5mm.
Further, the results of the simulation test of example 2 were analyzed as follows:
as shown in fig. 5-8, in the antenna designed by the present invention, the designed circular regular super surface structure is a key design for improving the antenna performance. As can be seen from fig. 5, the antenna designed by the invention can realize the frequency range of S11 less than-10 dB from 8GHz to 15GHz, The frequency range of the X wave band is completely covered, the relative bandwidth is up to 56%, and the relative bandwidth of the monopole radiation patch without the super-surface structure is only 3% under the condition of adopting the same feed structure. Therefore, the circular super-surface structure provided by the invention can obviously improve the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna and effectively solve the defect of the microstrip antenna narrow band. The height of the whole antenna is 0.09 lambda 0, the size is 1.28 lambda 0×1.28λ0, the conformal and compatible of the antenna and a system are facilitated, and the antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization, low cost and the like. Meanwhile, compared with a square super-surface antenna coefficient, the circular super-surface designed by the invention also has obvious improvement, and in terms of impedance bandwidth, as can be seen from fig. 5, the frequency range of the square super-surface S11 smaller than-10 dB is 7.3GHz-12.5GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 52%. From the aspect of directivity coefficient, it can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 7 and fig. 8 that the antenna designed by the invention still maintains good directivity at the frequency of 11GHz without obvious grating lobes, while other structures have obvious grating lobes at the frequency of 10 GHz.
The high frequency (12 GHz) radiation pattern of example 1 is more stable, both fmin and fmax are shifted to high frequency, the high frequency (12 GHz) gain is increased, the relative bandwidth is narrowed, and the impedance matching property is deteriorated compared with example 2.
Example 3 improved low frequency (8 GHz) radiation pattern, both fmin and fmax shifted to low frequency, increased low frequency (8 GHz) gain, narrower relative bandwidth, and poorer impedance matching than example 2. Example 4 improved low frequency (8 GHz) radiation pattern, both fmin and fmax shifted to low frequency, increased low frequency (8 GHz) gain, narrower relative bandwidth, and poorer impedance matching than example 2.
Without limiting the scope, example 2 acts as a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The gradual-change coupling feed structure adopted by the invention is also beneficial to improving the bandwidth of the antenna, and more importantly, the coupling feed structure can separate the feeder line layer from the radiation layer 1, so that the influence of the feeder line on the radiation characteristic is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the separation structure is beneficial to the integration of the antenna and other systems, and the design and integration of the whole system are greatly facilitated.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in the foregoing description and drawings, it is not limited to the details of the embodiments and examples, but is to be applied to all the fields of application of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN113206377B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-09-13 | 安徽大学 | A four-notch flexible wearable ultra-wideband antenna fed by coplanar waveguide |
| CN113410628B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-07-26 | 华南理工大学 | Broadband high-efficiency antenna unit, series-parallel feed sub-array and phased array |
| CN115458932B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-04-18 | 南京信息工程大学 | Miniaturized flexible wearable antenna capable of improving high-order mode radiation characteristics |
| CN116598769A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-08-15 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | A Dual-polarization Metasurface Antenna Based on Subwavelength Patch |
| CN118054212B (en) * | 2024-03-11 | 2024-08-16 | 江苏科技大学 | A single-layer dual-frequency circularly polarized metasurface antenna for maritime communications |
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| CN109462022A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of super skin antenna in the broadband of coplanar wave guide feedback |
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| CN110994163A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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