In-situ prepared nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing hydrogen absorption and hydrogen desorption of liquid organic hydrogen carrier and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage and catalysis, and particularly relates to an in-situ prepared nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing a liquid organic hydrogen carrier to absorb and discharge hydrogen and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the energy crisis and the environmental pollution problem are becoming more serious, energy conversion by replacing fossil energy with renewable energy is urgent. The hydrogen energy source, a clean and renewable secondary energy source, is considered as a core pillar in energy transformation. However, the development of hydrogen energy sources is limited by the lack of a sufficiently efficient and safe way of storing hydrogen. The liquid organic hydrogen carrier is one of the most potential hydrogen storage materials at present due to the advantages of high hydrogen storage amount, good reversibility, good thermal conductivity and the like, however, the liquid organic hydrogen carrier generally has the defects of slow hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and the need of using expensive noble metal catalysts, and different catalysts are needed in the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes. For example, for N-ethyl carbazole, which is one of the most promising liquid organic hydrogen carriers, Ru-based catalysts and Pd-based catalysts are the best catalysts for hydrogen absorption reaction and hydrogen desorption reaction, respectively.
Therefore, one of the major bottlenecks in catalytic hydrogenation and catalytic dehydrogenation technologies for liquid organic hydrogen carriers is the high cost associated with the use of noble metal catalysts.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an in-situ prepared nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing hydrogen absorption and desorption of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. The nickel-based catalyst can simultaneously and efficiently catalyze the hydrogen absorption and hydrogen desorption reactions of liquid organic hydrogen carriers such as N-ethyl carbazole and the like, and the catalytic performance of the nickel-based catalyst is close to that of a noble metal catalyst, so that the use cost of the liquid organic hydrogen carriers can be greatly reduced, and the practical application of the liquid organic hydrogen carriers is promoted.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: the nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing hydrogen absorption and hydrogen desorption of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier prepared in situ comprises a catalyst carrier and an active catalytic component loaded on the catalyst carrier, wherein the active catalytic component is nano nickel formed in situ, and the catalyst is prepared by heating and insulating bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel, a reaction solvent liquid organic hydrogen carrier and the catalyst carrier under a vacuum condition, then heating and filling hydrogen for reaction.
Preferably, the catalyst is prepared by the following steps:
adding 12-24 mg of bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel, 2.5-5 g of reaction solvent liquid organic hydrogen carrier and 250mg of catalyst carrier into a high-pressure reaction kettle, vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating, keeping the temperature, continuously heating, filling hydrogen into the reaction kettle for reaction, and thus obtaining the nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier.
Further preferably, the reaction solvent liquid organic hydrogen carrier of the present invention includes one selected from N-ethyl carbazole, 2-methyl indole or phenazine.
Further preferably, the catalyst carrier of the present invention is selected from Al2O3、SiO2Graphene or C3N4One kind of (1).
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier, which is prepared in situ.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the other purpose of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and the hydrogen desorption of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier, which is prepared in situ, comprises the following preparation steps: adding bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel, a reaction solvent liquid organic hydrogen carrier and a catalyst carrier into a high-pressure reaction kettle, vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating, preserving heat, heating, and introducing hydrogen for reaction to obtain the nickel-based catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier.
Wherein the mass ratio of the bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel to the reaction solvent liquid organic hydrogen carrier to the catalyst carrier is (1-2): (208-417): 21.
the reaction conditions are as follows: heating to 80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; heating to 120 ℃ and 180 ℃, filling hydrogen gas to 1-7 MPa, and reacting for 2 h.
In the above-mentioned process for preparing the objective catalyst, the charge amount of each raw material and the reaction conditions may be appropriately changed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) no complex catalyst preparation process exists;
(2) the catalyst does not use noble metal, but simultaneously shows excellent catalytic performance of catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and the hydrogen release of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier, and has important significance for the practical application of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows Ni/Al prepared in example 2 of the present invention2O3X-ray diffraction pattern of (a).
FIG. 2 shows Ni/Al prepared in example 2 of the present invention2O3Transmission electron micrograph (c).
FIG. 3 shows Ni/Al prepared in example 2 of the present invention2O3CatalysisN-kinetic profile of hydrogen uptake and desorption of ethyl carbazole.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for testing hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic curves of a liquid organic hydrogen carrier according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
12 mg of bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel (Ni (COD))2)、2.5 gN-ethylcarbazole (NEC) and 250mg of gamma-Al2O3Vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, heating to 180 ℃, filling 7MPa hydrogen, and reacting for 2h to obtain Ni/Al2O3A catalyst.
Directly catalyzing the catalyst in the reaction kettleNEvaluation of Hydrogen absorption and desorption Performance of-Ethylcarbazole (NEC) the hydrogen absorption reaction of which can be carried out at 180 ℃ under 1MPa H2Under the condition of (1), the reaction is completely carried out for 36H, and the corresponding hydrogen release reaction can be carried out at 200 ℃ and 0.1MPa H2The hydrogen is discharged for 20 h for more than 5.2 wt% (the hydrogen yield is 90%). Testing liquid organic hydrogenThe schematic diagram of the apparatus for the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curve of the carrier is shown in FIG. 4.
Example 2
24 mg of bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel Ni (COD) were charged in an autoclave2、5 gN-ethylcarbazole (NEC) and 250mg of gamma-Al2O3Vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, heating to 150 ℃, filling 5MPa hydrogen, and reacting for 2h to obtain Ni/Al2O3A catalyst. The Ni/Al2O3The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the catalyst is shown in figure 1, Ni/Al2O3The transmission electron micrograph of (a) is shown in FIG. 2.
Directly catalyzing the catalyst in the reaction kettleNEvaluation of Hydrogen absorption and desorption Performance of Ethyl carbazole (NEC), catalyst Ni/Al2O3CatalysisNThe kinetic profile of hydrogen uptake and desorption of ethyl carbazole is shown in FIG. 3. The hydrogen absorption reaction can be carried out at 180 ℃ and 7 MPaH2Under the condition of (1), the reaction is completely carried out for 20H, and the corresponding hydrogen release reaction can be carried out at 200 ℃ and 0.1MPa H2The hydrogen is discharged for 20 h for more than 5.6 wt% (hydrogen yield 97%). The apparatus for testing the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curves of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier is the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
24 mg of bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel Ni (COD) were charged in an autoclave2、2.5 gNAnd (3) carrying out vacuum pumping and leakage detection on ethyl carbazole (NEC) and 250mg of reduced graphene (rGO), heating to 80 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, then heating to 120 ℃, filling 7MPa of hydrogen, and reacting for 2h to obtain the Ni/rGO catalyst.
Directly catalyzing the catalyst in the reaction kettleNEvaluation of Hydrogen absorption and desorption Performance of-Ethylcarbazole (NEC), Hydrogen absorption reaction being capable of 7MPa H at 180 deg.C2Under the condition of (1), the reaction is completely carried out for 20H, and the corresponding hydrogen release reaction can be carried out at 200 ℃ and 0.1MPa H2The hydrogen is discharged for more than 5.5 wt% in 8 h under the condition (the hydrogen yield is 95%). The apparatus for testing the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curves of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier is the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
24 mg of bis (A), (B) was charged into an autoclave1, 5-Cyclooctadienyl) Nickel Ni (COD)22.5 g of phenazine and 250mg of reduced graphene (rGO), vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 180 ℃, filling 7MPa of hydrogen, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain the Ni/rGO catalyst.
The catalyst is directly subjected to performance evaluation of catalyzing the hydrogen absorption and desorption of the phenazine in the reaction kettle, and the hydrogen absorption reaction can be carried out at 180 ℃ and 7MPa H2Under the condition of (1), the reaction is completely carried out for 10H, and the corresponding hydrogen discharge reaction can be carried out at 200 ℃ and 0.1MPa H2The hydrogen release for 8 h under the condition (7%) is over 7.0 wt%. The apparatus for testing the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curves of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
24 mg of bis (1, 5-cyclooctadienyl) nickel Ni (COD) were charged in an autoclave22.5 g of 2-methylindole and 250mg of reduced graphene (rGO), vacuumizing, detecting leakage, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 150 ℃, filling 7MPa of hydrogen, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain the Ni/rGO catalyst. The apparatus for testing the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curves of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier is the same as that of example 1.
The performance evaluation of catalyzing 2-methylindole hydrogen absorption and desorption is directly carried out on the catalyst in the reaction kettle, and the hydrogen absorption reaction can be carried out at 150 ℃ and 7MPa H2Under the condition of (1), the reaction is completely carried out for 8H, and the corresponding hydrogen release reaction can be carried out at 200 ℃ and 0.1MPa H2The hydrogen is discharged for more than 5.5 wt% in 8 h under the condition (the hydrogen yield is 95%). The apparatus for testing the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics curves of the liquid organic hydrogen carrier is the same as that of example 1.