CN111141592A - Fluid testing system and method for multiphase medium high-temperature high-pressure fracturing - Google Patents
Fluid testing system and method for multiphase medium high-temperature high-pressure fracturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fluid testing system and a method for multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a displacement device, a press machine and a balance, wherein the press machine is connected with fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment is used for performing fracturing treatment on an object to be measured, the flow conductivity and the permeability of which need to be measured; the press machine provides pressure for the fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment performs fracturing treatment on the substance to be detected through the pressure; the displacement device sends a displacement medium into the fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, and the displacement medium in the fracturing equipment is conveyed to a balance through an output pipeline; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are both provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve, and a differential pressure sensor is arranged between the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline. The method has the advantages of simple, convenient and quick operation and low manufacturing cost, adopts the natural rock core or the artificial rock core to test the resin coating type propping agent for fracturing to obtain the flow conductivity and the permeability in a multipoint injection mode, and has stronger practicability and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil field fracturing tests, in particular to a fluid test system and method for multiphase medium high-temperature high-pressure fracturing.
Background
The oil field fracturing is one of effective measures for increasing the yield of an oil well and increasing the injection of a water well, and the flow conductivity and permeability test of the resin-coated proppant for fracturing is carried out to ensure the fracturing construction effect. Currently, oil field laboratories typically use standard flow-through experimental equipment to perform this experiment. The experiment device needs to specially process the rock core because the internal size of the diversion chamber is not matched with the size of the domestic drilled rock core. The difficulty of the rock core imported from abroad and similar to the stratum of the oil field is high, and the rock core is usually replaced by a steel plate in the experiment, so that the real environment of the stratum cannot be simulated; the device has the advantages that the flow guide chamber is in linear flow in a single direction, the displacement distance is long, the viscosity of the displacement fluid is required to be less than 5mPa.s, and a corresponding displacement experiment cannot be completed for the fluid with the viscosity of more than 100mPa.s, such as fracturing fluid; the resin-coated curable propping agent for fracturing is easy to form a high-strength bonding block in a high-temperature environment, and can cause damage to the inner wall of the diversion chamber to different degrees when taken out after the experiment is finished; static experiments are mostly adopted in domestic core displacement experiments, and dynamic core experiments are less researched for industrial liquid products with strong acid and strong alkalinity, such as profile control agents, acidizing fluids and the like. By combining the factors, the existing diversion experiment device cannot meet the requirements of high-viscosity and acid-base fluid core displacement experiments.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a fluid testing system and method for multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing, which can simulate a dynamic stratum environment in a laboratory environment to perform core fracturing testing, and has the advantages of simple, convenient and quick operation and low manufacturing cost.
According to the design scheme provided by the invention, the fluid testing system for the multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing comprises: the device comprises a displacement device, a press machine and a balance, wherein the press machine is connected with fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment is used for performing fracturing treatment on an object to be measured, the flow conductivity and the permeability of which need to be measured; the press machine provides pressure for the fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment performs fracturing treatment on the substance to be detected through the pressure; the displacement device sends a displacement medium into the fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, and the displacement medium in the fracturing equipment is conveyed to a balance through an output pipeline; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are both provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve, and a differential pressure sensor connected with an upper computer is further arranged between the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline.
Further, in the present invention, the fracturing apparatus comprises a nickel-based alloy base; the nickel-based alloy main body is arranged on the base, and a working channel for fixing the fracturing assembly is arranged in the main body; the fracturing component comprises an upper piston rod connected with the press machine and a lower piston rod arranged on the base and matched with the upper piston rod to work, and a fracturing cavity for placing particles of a substance to be treated is arranged between the two piston rods in the working channel; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are respectively correspondingly linked with the input end and the output end of the main body working channel test point.
Furthermore, in the invention, heating channels for fixing the heating pipes are arranged in parallel on two sides of the working channel in the main body.
Furthermore, the main body working channel is provided with a plurality of test points, the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are correspondingly provided with branch pipelines correspondingly connected with each test point, and each branch pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve.
Further, in the invention, the end part of the upper piston rod is provided with a middle end plugging head for sealing the connecting through hole.
Further, the lower part of an upper piston rod and the upper part of a lower piston rod on the inner wall of the fracturing cavity are provided with mounting grooves for fixing a pressure balance protection plate; and an installation slot for fixing the filter disc is also arranged on the inner wall of the fracturing cavity between the two installation grooves.
Further, in the invention, the pressure balance protection plate is made of a metal steel plate.
Furthermore, in the invention, the upper piston rod and the lower piston rod are also provided with sealing installation grooves for fixing the sealing element; the sealing element is an O-shaped rubber sealing ring.
Further, in the invention, nitrogen is used as the displacement medium.
Further, based on the system, the invention also provides a fluid testing method for multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing, and the implementation process comprises the following steps: firstly, after a substance to be detected is placed into fracturing equipment for fixation, the substance is sent into a press machine along with the fracturing equipment; then, starting a displacement device, pumping a displacement medium into fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, conveying the displacement medium to a balance through an output pipeline for weighing, and acquiring pressure data in the pipeline through a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve during conveying the displacement medium; and acquiring the conductivity and/or permeability of the substance to be measured according to the pressure data and the weighing processing result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the rock core fracturing test for simulating the dynamic stratum environment in the laboratory environment by the fracturing equipment, adopts the resin coating type propping agent for testing the fracturing of the natural rock core or the artificial rock core to obtain the flow conductivity and the permeability in a multi-point injection mode, and has the advantages of simple, convenient and quick operation, low manufacturing cost and stronger practicability and application prospect.
The fracturing equipment can adopt nickel-molybdenum-chromium-iron-tungsten nickel base alloy materials as an upper piston, a cylindrical main body, a lower piston, a middle-end plugging head, a base and the like, so that the device can bear higher closing pressure and prevent corrosion of a profile control agent, an acidizing fluid and a displacement fluid with strong acid and strong alkalinity; meanwhile, the heating pipe connecting holes and the heating pipe channels on two sides are arranged, so that the device is ensured to have a heating function; the base can bear high pressure and keep integral stability; the O-shaped sealing groove can be embedded with low-temperature and high-temperature rubber, the cylindrical main body is kept sealed under different temperatures and pressure environments, the metal steel plate and the filter sheet can effectively isolate the resin coating type propping agent for fracturing from the tested liquid, the main body is prevented from being damaged after the resin coating type curable propping agent for fracturing is bonded, and the parts are replaced simply through the structure arrangement of the mounting groove and the slot.
The fracturing equipment can be suitable for various cylindrical natural cores or artificial cores with the diameters of 25-50 mm and the heights of 5-70 mm, resin-coated proppants or any solid particles for middle pavement fracturing by adjusting the heights of the upper piston rod and the lower piston rod and the inner diameter of the main body according to actual test requirements, and the experimental environment is a fracturing test under the dynamic environment of a pressure experiment machine; the oil-gas displacement condition under the formation environment can be simulated by changing the multi-point connecting channel, 150MPa closing pressure can be borne, the highest bearable temperature can reach 230 ℃, the device can be suitable for fracturing fluid, profile control agent, acidizing fluid and the like and experiments with strong acid and strong base displacement fluid, the liquid viscosity is less than 2000mPa.s, and the device has the advantages of easiness in installation, cleaning, operation, diversity of displacement channels and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing apparatus in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fluid testing in the example.
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a middle end plug, reference numeral 2 denotes a pipeline connecting hole, reference numeral 3 denotes a heating pipe connecting hole, reference numeral 4 denotes a heating passage, reference numeral 5 denotes a main body, reference numeral 6 denotes an upper piston rod, reference numeral 7 denotes a sealing member, reference numeral 8 denotes a pressure balance protection plate, reference numeral 9 denotes a filter sheet, reference numeral 10 denotes a lower piston rod, and reference numeral 11 denotes a base.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more obvious, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
Aiming at the conditions that the diversion experiment device in the existing oilfield fracturing test has high manufacturing cost and cannot meet the requirements of high-viscosity and acid-base fluid core displacement experiments and the like, in the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, the fluid test system for multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing is provided, and comprises: the device comprises a displacement device, a press machine and a balance, wherein the press machine is connected with fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment is used for performing fracturing treatment on an object to be measured, the flow conductivity and the permeability of which need to be measured; the press machine provides pressure for the fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment performs fracturing treatment on the substance to be detected through the pressure; the displacement device sends a displacement medium into the fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, and the displacement medium in the fracturing equipment is conveyed to a balance through an output pipeline; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are both provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve, and a differential pressure sensor connected with an upper computer is further arranged between the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline. The method is used for simulating a dynamic stratum environment to perform the core fracturing test in a laboratory environment, and is simple, convenient and quick to operate, low in manufacturing cost and easy to realize.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the fracturing equipment includes a nickel-based alloy base; the nickel-based alloy main body is arranged on the base, and a working channel for fixing the fracturing assembly is arranged in the main body; the fracturing component comprises an upper piston rod connected with the press machine and a lower piston rod arranged on the base and matched with the upper piston rod to work, and a fracturing cavity for placing particles of a substance to be treated is arranged between the two piston rods in the working channel; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are respectively correspondingly linked with the input end and the output end of the main body working channel test point. The method can realize the rock core fracturing test in a laboratory environment simulation dynamic stratum high-temperature and high-pressure environment, adopts the resin coating type propping agent for testing fracturing of natural rock cores or artificial rock cores to obtain the flow conductivity and permeability of the resin coating type propping agent in a multi-point injection mode, is simple, convenient and quick to operate, has low manufacturing cost, and has stronger practicability and application prospect.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the heating channels for fixing the heating pipes are arranged in parallel on two sides of the working channel in the main body, so that the device has a heating function, a dynamic stratum high-temperature environment can be simulated accurately, and experimental data can be acquired accurately.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of test points are arranged on the main body working channel, branch pipelines correspondingly connected with each test point are correspondingly arranged on the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline, and each branch pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve. The oil-gas displacement experiment under the simulated formation environment can be realized through changing the connection channels of the multiple test points, see the three test points shown in figure 2, see the positions of the upper, middle and lower pipeline connection holes, and the positions and the number of the test points can be changed according to the requirements of the simulated experiment environment in the actual use process of the device, so that the reliability of the fracturing test experiment can be ensured.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the end part of the upper piston rod is provided with the middle-end plugging head for sealing and connecting the through hole, so that the sealing performance of liquid injected into the working channel through a pipeline is ensured, and the reliability and the stability of a fracturing experiment can be effectively ensured.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the lower part of the upper piston rod and the upper part of the lower piston rod on the inner wall of the fracturing cavity are both provided with mounting grooves for fixing the pressure balance protection plate; and an installation slot for fixing the filter disc is also arranged on the inner wall of the fracturing cavity between the two installation grooves. Further, in the invention, the pressure balance protection plate is made of a metal steel plate. Through the setting of metal steel plate and/or cassette, can effectively keep apart for the fracturing resin coating class proppant and measured liquid, prevent to fracture damage the main part with the resin coating class solidifiable proppant caking bonding back, can guarantee the integrity of equipment in the experimentation to a certain extent, and the structure setting through mounting groove and slot for the accessory is changed comparatively simply.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the upper piston rod and the lower piston rod are also provided with sealing installation grooves for fixing the sealing element; the sealing element is an O-shaped rubber sealing ring. The low-temperature and high-temperature sealing rubber ring is embedded into the sealing installation groove, so that the sealing performance of the cylindrical main body can be kept under different temperature and pressure environments.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, nitrogen is adopted as the displacement medium, and the characteristic that nitrogen is inactive in chemical property and not easy to react with other substances is utilized as the displacement medium, so that the experimental effect is good.
Further, based on the above system, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fluid testing method for multiphase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fracturing, and the implementation process includes the following steps: firstly, after a substance to be detected is placed into fracturing equipment for fixation, the substance is sent into a press machine along with the fracturing equipment; then, starting a displacement device, pumping a displacement medium into fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, conveying the displacement medium to a balance through an output pipeline for weighing, and acquiring pressure data in the pipeline through a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve during conveying the displacement medium; and acquiring the conductivity and/or permeability of the substance to be measured according to the pressure data and the weighing processing result. The input and output pressure difference and the flow are obtained through pressure data and weighing results, and then the final experimental data of the substance to be measured is obtained according to the existing calculation formula of the flow conductivity and the permeability, wherein the calculation process can be described as follows:
(1) when the Reynolds number is less than 10, the flow guide experiment conforms to Darcy's law and is calculated as follows:
the Reynolds number equation is as follows:
in the formula: Re-Reynolds number; v-displacement fluid flow rate, cm/s; μ -liquid viscosity, mpa.s; d-filling diameter, cm. The diameter range of the core is 25 mm-50 mm, so the minimum stress area of the core is 4.9cm2Diameter of upper core column phiOn the upper partCore pillar phi of lower rockLower partAnd the measurement difference of the core column is not more than 0.1 cm.
1) Known proppant placement concentration the mass of proppant added was calculated using the following method
mP＝K·c
In the formula: m isP-proppant mass, in g; k-calculated coefficient, 4.9cm2(ii) a c-proppant placement concentration, unit kg/m2。
The fill level calculation formula is as follows:
hP＝0.1c/ρp
in the formula: h isP-proppant packing height, cm; rhopProppant bulk density, g/cm3。
2) Calculation of proppant placement concentration given proppant pack height
c＝hP·ρp
Formula for permeability of proppant pack
In the formula: k-permeability of rock sample, 10-3μm2△ p of differential pressure at two ends of rock sample, kPa, mu of liquid viscosity, mPa.s, L of rock sample length, cm, A of rock sample sectional area, cm2(ii) a Q-liquid flow, cm3/s。
The proppant pack has a circular cross-section in cross-section, and thus
A＝πr2
The conductivity of the proppant pack is:
3) if the program enters from well No. 2 and exits from well No. 5, the permeability equation is as follows:
wherein, Δ p ═ p5-p2，A＝hpD, in the formula: d-filling diameter, cm.
The flow conductivity calculation formula is as follows:
if the pressure difference between holes 2 and 7 and between holes 7 and 5, for example, is greater than or equal to 5%, the proppant pack is not uniform and the test should be discontinued and the pack refilled.
(2) When the Reynolds number is more than 10, the diversion experiment belongs to turbulent flow, and the calculation is as follows:
the diameter range of the core is 25 mm-50 mm, so the minimum stress area of the core is 4.9cm2Diameter of upper core column phiOn the upper partCore pillar phi of lower rockLower partAnd the measurement difference of the core column is not more than 0.1 cm.
1) Known proppant placement concentration the mass of proppant added was calculated using the following method
mP＝K·c
In the formula: m isP-proppant mass, in g; k-calculated coefficient, 4.9cm2(ii) a c-proppant placement concentration, unit kg/m2。
The fill level calculation formula is as follows:
hP＝0.1c/ρp
in the formula: h isP-proppant packing height, cm; rhopProppant bulk density, g/cm3。
2) Calculation of proppant placement concentration given proppant pack height
c＝hP·ρp
Formula for permeability of proppant pack
In the formula: k-permeability of rock sample, 10-3 μm2△ p of differential pressure at two ends of rock sample, kPa, mu of liquid viscosity, mPa.s, L of rock sample length, cm, A of rock sample sectional area, cm2(ii) a Q-liquid flow, cm3β beta coefficient, s2kPa/g; rho-liquid density, g/cm3
The proppant pack has a circular cross-section in cross-section, and thus
A＝πr2
The conductivity of the proppant pack is:
3) if the program enters from well No. 2 and exits from well No. 5, the permeability equation is as follows:
wherein, Δ p ═ p5-p2，A＝hpD, in the formula: d-filling diameter, cm.
The flow conductivity calculation formula is as follows:
if the pressure difference between holes 2 and 7 and between holes 7 and 5, for example, is greater than or equal to 5%, the proppant pack is not uniform and the test should be discontinued and the pack refilled.
When the fracturing support device is used, after a first artificial rock core or a natural rock core is horizontally placed, a resin coating type propping agent or any solid particles for fracturing are flatly paved in the plane of the rock core, a second artificial rock core or a natural rock core is slowly placed, a heating pipe is inserted into a heating channel through a heating pipe connecting hole, an upper piston rod is placed on the upper portion of a main body to be compacted and is moved into a pressure testing machine, and pipelines are respectively connected with the main body through pipeline connecting holes. Starting a displacement device, pumping displacement fluid into the fracturing device, displaying pressure data by connecting a differential pressure sensor in the middle, and calculating the flow conductivity and permeability of a rock core or a resin coating proppant or any solid particles according to experimental data; when other liquid experiments are carried out, various cylindrical natural cores or artificial cores smaller than 70mm are put in according to the experiment requirements of the displacement liquid, and various experimental researches are carried out under the simulated dynamic stratum environment. Referring to fig. 3, two liquid storage tanks stored with nitrogen are connected through a pump providing displacement power, the displacement medium is mixed and temperature-regulated through a stirring device and a heating device, and the mixture is sent into fracturing equipment through three branch pipelines shown in the figure so as to obtain data such as the mass and pressure difference of the displacement medium required in an experiment.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system and the apparatus described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again. In all examples shown and described herein, any particular value should be construed as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. The term "substantially" as used herein should be understood to be within the normal tolerances in the art, e.g., within two standard deviations of the mean, unless the context specifically states or clearly indicates otherwise.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, which are used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art can modify or easily conceive the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent substitutes for some technical features within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included therein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-phase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system, comprising: the device comprises a displacement device, a press machine and a balance, wherein the press machine is connected with fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment is used for performing fracturing treatment on an object to be measured, the flow conductivity and the permeability of which need to be measured; the press machine provides pressure for the fracturing equipment, and the fracturing equipment performs fracturing treatment on the substance to be detected through the pressure; the displacement device sends a displacement medium into the fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, and the displacement medium in the fracturing equipment is conveyed to a balance through an output pipeline; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are both provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve, and a differential pressure sensor connected with an upper computer is further arranged between the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline.
2. The multi-phase media high temperature high pressure fluid testing system of claim 1, wherein the fracturing apparatus comprises a nickel-based alloy base; the nickel-based alloy main body is arranged on the base, and a working channel for fixing the fracturing assembly is arranged in the main body; the fracturing component comprises an upper piston rod connected with the press machine and a lower piston rod arranged on the base and matched with the upper piston rod to work, and a fracturing cavity for placing particles of a substance to be treated is arranged between the two piston rods in the working channel; the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline are respectively correspondingly linked with the input end and the output end of the main body working channel test point.
3. The system for testing high-temperature and high-pressure fluid of multi-phase medium according to claim 2, wherein heating channels for fixing heating pipes are arranged in parallel on two sides of the working channel in the main body.
4. The system for testing the multi-phase medium high-temperature and high-pressure fluid according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of test points are arranged on the main body working channel, branch pipelines correspondingly connected with each test point are correspondingly arranged on the conveying pipeline and the output pipeline, and each branch pipeline is provided with a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve.
5. The multiphase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system according to claim 2, wherein the end of the upper piston rod is provided with a middle end plugging head for sealing the connecting through hole.
6. The multiphase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system according to claim 2, wherein the lower part of the upper piston rod and the upper part of the lower piston rod on the inner wall of the fracturing chamber are provided with mounting grooves for fixing a pressure balance protection plate; and an installation slot for fixing the filter disc is also arranged on the inner wall of the fracturing cavity between the two installation grooves.
7. The multi-phase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system according to claim 6, wherein the pressure balance protection plate is made of a metal steel plate.
8. The multiphase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system according to claim 2, wherein the upper and lower piston rods are further provided with seal mounting grooves for fixing a sealing element; the sealing element is an O-shaped rubber sealing ring.
9. A multi-phase medium high temperature and high pressure fluid testing system according to claim 8, wherein the displacement medium is nitrogen.
10. A fluid testing method for multiphase medium high-temperature high-pressure fracturing is characterized by being realized based on the multiphase medium high-temperature high-pressure fluid test of claim 1, and the realization process comprises the following steps: firstly, after a substance to be detected is placed into fracturing equipment for fixation, the substance is sent into a press machine along with the fracturing equipment; then, starting a displacement device, pumping a displacement medium into fracturing equipment through a conveying pipeline, conveying the displacement medium to a balance through an output pipeline for weighing, and acquiring pressure data in the pipeline through a pressure gauge and a flow regulating valve during conveying the displacement medium; and acquiring the flow conductivity and the permeability of the substance to be measured according to the pressure data and the weighing processing result.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114739884A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-12 | 青岛石大华通科技有限公司 | An intelligent test method for fracturing proppant conductivity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114739884A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-07-12 | 青岛石大华通科技有限公司 | An intelligent test method for fracturing proppant conductivity |
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