CN111168451B - A machining center with a multi-tool quick-change mechanism - Google Patents
A machining center with a multi-tool quick-change mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN111168451B CN111168451B CN202010057914.7A CN202010057914A CN111168451B CN 111168451 B CN111168451 B CN 111168451B CN 202010057914 A CN202010057914 A CN 202010057914A CN 111168451 B CN111168451 B CN 111168451B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
- B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
- B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
- B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/006—Conical shanks of tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q37/00—Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinations; Units therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有多刀头快速换刀机构的加工中心，包括机架、工作台以及加工刀具，加工刀具包括刀头以及驱动刀头转动的第一动力装置，其中，加工中心还包括刀库，位于工作台侧方以供拉刀装置提供换刀刀头，刀库包括具有多个刀架的刀盘、被夹紧于刀架上的刀头以及驱动刀盘正反转动以至其中一空置刀架或所更换刀头正对拉刀装置的第二动力装置；第三动力装置，用于驱动拉刀装置沿水平方向快速移动以靠近或远离刀库；第四动力装置，用于驱动拉刀装置沿竖直方向快速移动以靠近或远离刀库；以及拉刀装置。与现有技术相比，本发明在换刀步骤中由于减少了刀库的工作步骤以及换刀后没有多余的上移步骤，进而有效的提高了整个加工中心的换刀效率。
The present invention discloses a machining center with a multi-tool head rapid tool change mechanism, comprising a frame, a workbench and a machining tool, wherein the machining tool comprises a tool head and a first power device for driving the tool head to rotate, wherein the machining center further comprises a tool magazine located on the side of the workbench for providing a tool head for tool change by a broaching device, the tool magazine comprising a tool disc with multiple tool holders, a tool head clamped on the tool holder, and a second power device for driving the tool disc to rotate forward and reversely so that one of the vacant tool holders or the replaced tool head faces the broaching device; a third power device for driving the broaching device to move rapidly in a horizontal direction to approach or move away from the tool magazine; a fourth power device for driving the broaching device to move rapidly in a vertical direction to approach or move away from the tool magazine; and a broaching device. Compared with the prior art, the present invention reduces the working steps of the tool magazine in the tool change step and does not have an extra upward movement step after the tool change, thereby effectively improving the tool change efficiency of the entire machining center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining centers, and particularly relates to a machining center with a multi-tool-bit quick tool changing mechanism.
Background
The machining center is a machine tool for numerical control machining, is highly-automatic machining equipment, and is characterized by comprising a tool magazine, so that automatic tool changing can be completed, after a workpiece is clamped once, the machining center can automatically select a machining mode, change a tool, automatically set the tool, automatically change the rotating speed of a main shaft, the feeding amount and the like according to a numerical control machining program which is programmed in advance, various procedures can be continuously completed, and the auxiliary procedure time of workpiece clamping, measurement, machine tool adjustment and the like is reduced.
However, the existing automatic tool changing mode adopts a mode of transversely moving left and right and then rotating to change tools, for example, the Chinese patent of the invention with the issued publication number of CN105171074B discloses a planer type vertical numerical control double-head double-tool-magazine milling machine machining center, a tool magazine of a tool changing mechanism is arranged above the side of a workbench, and the tools are changed through transversely moving, as described in the 36 th section of the specification, the automatic tool changing working steps are as follows, a left main shaft milling head 25 is automatically opened to a tool bit positioning position 39 of a tool changing position, and a target position N of a left tool magazine 28 automatically rotates a tool to a vertical downward tool setting 1# position; B turning the cutter body by 90 degrees to make the cutter handle upward like a cutter placing position 36, moving the cutter beating cylinder 21 above the right main shaft, internally beating the cutter rod to beat the cutter, connecting one end of a cutter receiving rod 37 to the Nth milling cutter in the cutter magazine, connecting the cutter on the left main shaft milling cutter head 25 to the other end, c turning the left cutter changing mechanism 35 by 180 degrees after the oil cylinder of the cutter receiving rod 37 descends to the right position, and exchanging the milling cutters, d turning the left cutter changing mechanism 35 by 90 degrees after the oil cylinder ascends, installing the new milling cutter handle on the main shaft, and placing the old milling cutter back to the cutter placing position 36.
Because the above-mentioned tool changing step is too tedious, lead to the tool changing time longer, and the structure is complicated, maintenance is also inconvenient, to this must provide another tool changing way, in order to improve machining center's tool changing efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems and provides a machining center with a multi-tool-bit quick tool changing mechanism, wherein the tool changing mechanism of the machining center improves tool changing efficiency by reducing tool changing steps and tool changing strokes.
The invention aims at realizing the processing center with the multi-tool-bit quick tool changing mechanism, which comprises a frame, a workbench arranged on the frame and a processing tool arranged above the workbench, wherein the processing tool comprises a tool bit and a first power device for driving the tool bit to rotate, and the processing center further comprises
The tool magazine is positioned at the side of the workbench and used for providing tool changing tool bits for the tool broaching device, and comprises a cutter head with a plurality of tool holders, tool bits clamped on the tool holders and a second power device for driving the cutter head to rotate positively and negatively so that one of the empty tool holders or the tool bit to be replaced is opposite to the tool broaching device;
the third power device is used for driving the broaching device to rapidly move along the horizontal direction so as to approach or depart from the tool magazine;
the fourth power device is used for driving the broaching device to move rapidly along the vertical direction so as to be close to or far away from the tool magazine;
The tool bit pulling device is arranged on the first power device and used for driving the fourth power device to move to one tool bit of the cutterhead along the vertical direction and then clamping the tool bit, driving the tool bit pulling device to move away from the cutterhead through the third power device and then separating the tool bit from the tool holder, and driving the tool bit pulling device to move to one empty tool holder of the cutterhead along the horizontal direction and then loosening the tool bit on the tool bit pulling device and enabling the tool bit pulling device to be embedded into the tool holder, and driving the tool bit pulling device to move away from the cutterhead through the fourth power device and then separating the tool bit from the tool bit pulling device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the traditional tool changing mode is performed by adopting left-right transverse movement, the stroke is larger, the time consumption is long, the tool changing is performed by adopting an up-down movement mode, the first power device is used for driving the tool bit to rotate so as to process a product on the workbench, the third power device and the fourth power device are used for driving the first power device and the tool bit to transversely and vertically move above the workbench so as to enable the tool bit to act on different positions of the product, and in order to reduce the tool changing stroke, the tool magazine is arranged at the side of the workbench;
When the first power device drives the tool bit to rotate and process a product to a certain extent and then needs to change the tool bit for reprocessing, the fourth power device drives the first power device and the tool bit to vertically move upwards so that the tool bit and the tool magazine are on the same plane, then the third power device drives the first power device and the tool bit to transversely move and lean against the tool magazine, the second power device drives the tool bit to rotate, the empty tool rest is opposite to the tool bit device, after the tool bit device moves to the empty tool rest, the tool bit on the tool bit can be loosened and the tool bit is embedded on the tool rest by the tool bit device, then the fourth power device drives the first power device and the tool bit to upwardly move again, the tool bit is opposite to the tool bit device by the rotation of the second power device, the first power device and the tool bit are driven to downwardly move again so that the tool bit is clamped by the tool bit, and finally the tool bit is removed by the third power device and the tool bit is transversely moved again so that the tool bit is removed from the tool rest, and the tool bit is changed;
And then the fourth power device drives the first power device to move downwards, so that the product on the workbench can be reprocessed. In the tool changing step, the working steps of the tool magazine are reduced, and no excessive upward moving step is generated after the tool is changed, so that the tool changing efficiency of the whole machining center is effectively improved.
The tool bit comprises a tool bit part and a tool handle part arranged on the tool bit part, wherein the tool bit part comprises a hollow sleeve and a pull sleeve which is arranged in the sleeve and is movably arranged along the length direction of the sleeve, the sleeve is vertically arranged, the upper end of the sleeve is connected with the first servo motor through a transmission rod, the tool handle part of the tool bit can be embedded in the sleeve in the vertical direction, the sleeve is internally provided with a limit part which is embedded in the sleeve to limit the tool handle part to move upwards after the tool handle part is embedded in the sleeve to a certain extent, the lower end of the pull sleeve is provided with a positioning groove for the tool handle part to be embedded, the outer wall of the pull sleeve is provided with a plurality of mounting holes communicated with the positioning groove, the mounting holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the mounting holes are internally provided with balls which are movably arranged along the axial direction of the mounting holes, the tool handle part is embedded in the positioning groove, the balls can move downwards in the sleeve in a guiding way of the inner wall of the sleeve and clamp the tool handle part, the balls are further arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve to be clamped, and the tool bit part is further provided with a radial groove for driving the tool bit to move outwards, and the tool bit is further provided with a clamping groove for clamping the tool bit to be clamped outside the sleeve, and the tool bit is further provided with a clamping device for clamping the tool bit is in a clamping state.
By adopting the technical scheme, the servo motor can automatically control the rotation speed, the position accuracy is very accurate, the first servo motor is used for driving the broach device and the tool bit positioned on the broach device to rotate, and further the product on the workbench is processed;
When the tool bit is replaced, the tool bit clamped on the tool bit device is transversely moved to enable the tool bit to be embedded on the tool holder, then the driving part drives the pull sleeve to move downwards, the balls on the pull sleeve are located in the annular guide groove, at the moment, the annular guide groove provides a space for the balls to move towards the outer side of the pull sleeve, the balls cannot bear force on the tool shank of the tool bit, namely, the tool bit device is in a loose tool state at the moment, then under the action of the fourth power device, the sleeve on the tool bit device moves upwards, the tool bit on the tool bit device is separated from and clamped by the tool holder, then the second power device drives the tool bit to rotate, the required tool bit is opposite to the sleeve, then the fourth power device drives the sleeve to move downwards, the tool shank on the tool bit is embedded in the positioning groove, the driving part drives the pull sleeve to move upwards again, the balls slide along the inner wall of the annular guide groove and are separated from the annular guide groove, the tool shank is limited to move upwards through the limiting part, the inner wall of the sleeve abuts against the balls, the tool shank is tightly abuts against the tool shank, and the limiting part moves downwards, namely, the tool bit device is in a pulled tool state.
The tool handle is further provided with a tool handle body and a tool handle head positioned at the end part of the tool handle body, wherein the tool handle body is in a round table shape, the outer diameter of the tool handle body is gradually reduced from the tool head part to the tool handle head, the limiting part is a conical surface on the inner wall of the sleeve and matched with the outer wall of the tool handle body, the tool handle head is in a cylindrical shape, and the outer wall of the tool handle body is provided with an annular clamping groove which is radially inwards opened for embedding the ball.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, handle of a knife part is handle body and crown, sets the handle body into the conical surface form to restriction handle of a knife portion moves up, has annular draw-in groove on the crown, in order to the ball to imbed annular draw-in groove with restriction handle of a knife portion and move down, this handle of a knife part simple structure, the practicality is strong, easily processes moreover.
The invention is further characterized in that a first guiding surface with a certain inclination is arranged on the outer wall of the end part of the handle head and used for guiding the balls to move towards the outer side of the pull sleeve when the pull sleeve is driven downwards, and a second guiding surface with a certain inclination is arranged on the inner wall of the annular clamping groove of the sleeve, which is close to the end part of the handle head and used for guiding the balls to move towards the outer side of the pull sleeve when the pull sleeve is driven upwards.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up first guide surface and second guide surface respectively on the annular draw-in groove of handle head and sheathed tube to the guide ball moves to the cover outside of drawing, can avoid the fish tail ball.
The automatic cutter resetting device is characterized in that the driving piece comprises a pull rod, a spring, a connecting piece, a transmission sleeve and a resetting swing arm, the pull rod is arranged in the sleeve in the vertical direction, the lower end of the pull rod is fixed on the pull sleeve, the upper end of the pull rod is connected with the connecting piece, the transmission sleeve is sleeved on the sleeve, a guide hole leading to the connecting piece is formed in the outer wall of the sleeve, a connecting rod extending out of the guide hole and connected with the transmission sleeve is arranged at the side end of the connecting piece, a limiting ring is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the spring is sleeved on the pull rod, the upper end of the spring is abutted against the connecting piece, the lower end of the spring is abutted against the limiting ring so as to drive the connecting piece to move upwards, a connecting rod on the pull rod is abutted against the inner wall of the upper end of the guide hole, a ball on the pull rod is separated from the annular guide groove, and the resetting swing arm is arranged on the transmission sleeve, and the driving piece further comprises a guide sleeve which is fixed on the frame and is positioned above the cutter magazine and used for driving the third cutter to move to the rolling baffle.
According to the technical scheme, when the broach device moves close to the tool magazine, the tool bit on the broach device is embedded into the empty tool rest or the tool bit on the tool rest is embedded into the sleeve and the pull sleeve, the reset swing arm contacts the baffle in the process and drives the transmission sleeve to move downwards, the transmission sleeve drives the connecting rod, the connecting piece and the pull sleeve to move downwards, the balls on the pull sleeve move into the annular guide groove, the broach device is in a tool loosening state at the moment, when the broach device is far away from the tool magazine, the spring drives the connecting piece to move upwards under the action of elastic force after the reset swing arm is separated from the baffle, the connecting piece drives the pull sleeve, the connecting rod and the transmission sleeve to move upwards, the balls on the pull sleeve are separated from the annular groove, and the broach device is in a broach state at the moment.
The cutter frame is further provided with a plurality of buckles which are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cutter disc along the circumferential direction, the buckles are of an annular structure and have certain elastic deformation capability, the side ends of the buckles are provided with openings, and after the buckles are pulled outwards or pressed inwards, the openings are enlarged or reduced.
By adopting the technical scheme, the buckle can be made of plastic with certain elastic recovery capability, is very convenient to install, maintain and replace, mainly has low production cost and maintenance cost, the broach device drives the tool bit to move transversely, the opening is extruded outwards after the tool bit passes through the opening of the buckle, the opening is restored and the tool bit is clamped after the tool bit is embedded into the buckle, and the tool bit can be separated from the broach device after the tool bit is moved on the broach device and clamped by the buckle because the tool bit is in a loose state after the tool bit on the buckle is embedded into the sleeve and the pull sleeve when the broach device moves downwards, the tool bit on the buckle is separated from the buckle through the opening after the tool bit moves transversely away from the tool magazine again, and the spring drives the pull sleeve to move upwards subsequently so as to tighten the tool bit.
The cutter is further characterized in that two parallel limiting flanges are arranged on the cutter handle part, a certain distance is reserved between the two limiting flanges, and the buckle is provided with the limiting flange which is clamped on the buckle along the horizontal direction and then is embedded in a gap between the two limiting flanges.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, break away from the lower extreme of buckle after receiving great vertical decurrent external force in order to avoid the tool bit, set up two spacing flanges on the handle portion and set up spacing flange on the buckle to carry out spacingly to the tool bit of chucking on the buckle.
The second power device is characterized in that a second servo motor is arranged on the second power device, and the cutter disc is arranged on an output shaft of the second servo motor;
The machine frame is provided with a cross beam which is positioned above the workbench and is transversely arranged, the cross beam is provided with two parallel first guide rails and first sliding seats which are arranged on the two first guide rails in a sliding manner along the length direction of the cross beam, the first servo motor is fixed on the first sliding seats, the sleeve and the transmission rod can be circumferentially and rotatably arranged on the first sliding seats, the cross beam is also provided with a first ball screw positioned between the two first guide rails, a nut seat on the first ball screw is fixed on the first sliding seats, and the third power device is a servo motor III which is connected with the first ball screw through an output shaft;
The first sliding seat is provided with two second guide rails arranged along the vertical direction and a second sliding seat arranged on the two second guide rails in a sliding manner, the first sliding seat is also provided with a second ball screw arranged between the two second guide rails, a nut seat on the second ball screw is fixed on the second sliding seat, and the fourth power device is a servo motor IV of which the output shaft is connected with the second ball screw.
Through the technical scheme, the cutter head is driven to rotate through the second servo motor, so that a cutter head or an empty cutter frame on the cutter head can be accurately driven to oppositely face the cutter pulling device, the third servo motor drives the first ball screw to rotate and further drives the first sliding seat to transversely move back and forth on the first guide rail, the fourth servo motor drives the second ball screw to rotate and further drives the second sliding seat to vertically move back and forth on the second guide rail, and the cutter head on the cutter pulling device is accurately controlled through the servo system, so that products on a workbench are processed, and stability, processing precision and processing efficiency of processing quality can be effectively improved.
The machine frame is further provided with two third guide rails arranged along the longitudinal direction, the workbench is arranged on the two second guide rails in a sliding mode, a third ball screw is further arranged between the two guide rails, a nut seat on the third ball screw is fixed on the workbench, and the machining center further comprises a servo motor five with an output shaft connected to the third ball screw.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, slide the workstation along vertical and set up in the frame to drive the workstation through servo motor five and remove, thereby the position between the tool bit on convenient adjustment product on the workstation and the broach device, and then conveniently process the product.
Compared with the prior art, the cutter changing device has the beneficial effects that 1, in the cutter changing step, the working step of a cutter magazine is reduced, and no excessive upward moving step is generated after cutter changing, so that the cutter changing efficiency of the whole machining center is effectively improved, and 2, the third power device and the fourth power device of the cutter feeding device in the machining center replace the devices such as a cutter receiving rod, a cutter lifting cylinder and the like in the traditional cutter changing mechanism, so that the parts of the whole machining center are effectively reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the market competitiveness of equipment is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the tool bit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the machining tool and the broach device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the broaching apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is an enlarged view at B in fig. 5;
Fig. 8 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 5;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the tool magazine according to the present invention;
the reference sign in the figure is 1, the frame; 11, cross beam, 12, first guide rail, 13, first sliding seat, 14, first ball screw, 15, second guide rail, 16, second sliding seat, 17, second ball screw, 18, third guide rail, 19, third ball screw, 2, workbench, 3, machining tool, 31, tool bit, 311, tool bit portion, 312, tool shank portion, 3121, shank, 3122, handle head, 3123, annular clamping groove, 3124, first guiding surface, 3125, second guiding surface, 3126, limiting flange, 32, first power device, 4, tool magazine, 41, cutter head, 42, tool holder, 421, opening, 422, limiting flange, 43, second power device, 5, third power device, 6, fourth power device, 7, broaching device, 71, sleeve, 711, limiting portion, annular guiding groove, 713, guiding hole, 714, limiting ring, 72, pulling sleeve, 721, positioning groove, 722, mounting hole, ball, 73, transmission rod, 74, transmission rod, 74723, tool magazine, 41, cutter head, 42, tool holder, 421, opening, 422, limiting flange, 43, second power device, 5, third power device, 6, fourth power device, 7, broaching device, 71, sleeve 711, limiting part, guide hole, 714, limiting ring, 72, 721, positioning sleeve, mounting hole, 721, ball, 74, mounting hole, 74, driving device, 7475, and driving device, and flexible connecting rod, and flexible link.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the horizontal, vertical and vertical directions in the present invention refer to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis in the machine tool.
A machining center with a multi-tool-bit quick tool changing mechanism is disclosed in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises a frame 1, a workbench 2 arranged on the frame 1, and a machining tool 3 positioned above the workbench 2, wherein the machining tool 3 comprises a tool bit 31 and a first power device 32 for driving the tool bit 31 to rotate, and the machining center further comprises
The tool magazine 4 is positioned at the side of the workbench 2 for the broaching device 7 to provide tool changing tools, the tool magazine 4 comprises a cutter head 41 with a plurality of cutter holders 42, tools clamped on the cutter holders 42 and a second power device 43 for driving the cutter head 41 to rotate positively and negatively so that one of the empty cutter holders 42 or the replaced tool head is opposite to the broaching device 7;
A third power device 5 for driving the broaching device 7 to move rapidly in the horizontal direction to approach or separate from the magazine 4;
a fourth power device 6 for driving the broaching device 7 to move rapidly in the vertical direction to approach or separate from the magazine 4;
The broaching device 7 is arranged on the first power device 32 and used for clamping one of the broaching devices 7 when the fourth power device 6 drives the broaching device 7 to move to one of the cutter heads 41 in the vertical direction, the broaching device 7 is driven by the third power device 5 to move away from the cutter head 41 and then the cutter head 31 is separated from the cutter head 42, and the third power device 5 drives the broaching device 7 to move to one of the empty cutter heads 42 of the cutter head 41 in the horizontal direction and then the cutter head 31 is loosened and embedded into the cutter head 42 and the fourth power device 6 drives the broaching device 7 to move away from the cutter head 41 and then the cutter head is separated from the broaching device 7.
The traditional tool changing mode is carried out by adopting left-right transverse movement, the stroke is larger, the time consumption is long, and the tool changing is carried out by adopting an up-down movement mode, wherein the first power device 32 is used for driving the tool bit 31 to rotate so as to process a product on the workbench 2, the third power device 5 and the fourth power device 6 are used for driving the first power device 32 and the tool bit 31 to transversely and vertically move above the workbench 2 so as to enable the tool bit 31 to act on different positions of the product, and in order to reduce the tool changing stroke, the tool magazine 4 is arranged at the side of the workbench 2;
When the first power device 32 drives the tool bit 31 to rotate and process a product to a certain extent and then needs to change the tool bit, the fourth power device 6 drives the first power device 32 and the tool bit 31 to move vertically upwards so that the tool bit 7 and the tool magazine 4 are on the same plane, then the third power device 5 drives the first power device 32 and the tool bit 31 to move transversely and lean against the tool magazine 4, the second power device 43 drives the cutter disc 41 to rotate, the empty tool rest 42 faces the tool bit 7, when the tool bit 7 moves to the empty tool rest 42, the tool bit 31 on the tool bit 7 is loosened and the tool bit 31 is embedded in the tool rest 42 by the tool bit device 7, then the fourth power device 6 drives the first power device 32 and the tool bit 7 to move upwards again so that the tool bit 31 on the tool bit 7 is separated from the tool bit 31 on the tool bit device, then the second power device 43 drives the cutter disc 41 to rotate so that the required tool bit faces the tool bit 7, the fourth power device 6 drives the first power device 32 and the tool bit 7 to move downwards so that the tool bit 7 faces the tool bit 7, and finally the tool bit 7 is clamped by the third power device 7 is separated from the tool bit 7, and the tool bit 7 is moved transversely;
The fourth power device 6 drives the first power device 32 and the broaching device 7 downwards, so that the product on the workbench 2 can be reprocessed. In the above-mentioned tool changing step, the working step of the tool magazine 4 is reduced, and no unnecessary step of moving upwards is left after the tool is changed, so that the tool changing efficiency of the whole machining center is effectively improved.
The first power device 32 is a first servo motor, and an output shaft of the first servo motor is arranged downwards;
The second power device 43 is provided with a second servo motor with an upward output shaft, and the cutter 41 is arranged on the output shaft of the second servo motor;
The machine frame 1 is provided with a cross beam 11 which is positioned above the workbench 2 and is transversely arranged, the cross beam 11 is provided with two parallel first guide rails 12 which are arranged along the length direction of the cross beam and first sliding seats 13 which are slidably arranged on the two first guide rails 12, a first servo motor is fixed on the first sliding seats 13, the cross beam 11 is also provided with a first ball screw 14 which is positioned between the two first guide rails 12, a nut seat on the first ball screw 14 is fixed on the first sliding seats 13, and a third power device 5 is a third servo motor which is connected with the first ball screw 14 through an output shaft;
The first sliding seat 13 is provided with two second guide rails 15 arranged along the vertical direction and a second sliding seat 16 arranged on the two second guide rails 15 in a sliding manner, the first sliding seat 13 is also provided with a second ball screw 17 positioned between the two second guide rails 15, a nut seat on the second ball screw 17 is fixed on the second sliding seat 16, and the fourth power device 6 is a servo motor four of which the output shaft is connected to the second ball screw 17.
The servo motor can automatically control the rotation speed, the position accuracy is very accurate, the first servo motor is used for driving the broaching device 7 and the tool bit 31 positioned on the broaching device 7 to rotate, further, products on the workbench 2 are machined, the second servo motor is used for driving the tool head 41 to rotate, so that the tool bit or the empty tool rest 42 on the tool head 41 can be aligned to face the broaching device 7, the third servo motor is used for driving the first ball screw 14 to rotate, further, the first sliding seat 13 is driven to transversely move back and forth on the first guide rail 12, the fourth servo motor is used for driving the second ball screw 17 to rotate, further, the second sliding seat 16 is driven to vertically move back and forth on the second guide rail 15, the tool bit 31 on the broaching device 7 is precisely controlled through the servo system, and therefore, the products on the workbench 2 are machined, and the stability, the machining accuracy and the machining efficiency of the machining quality can be effectively improved.
The machine frame 1 is provided with two third guide rails 18 arranged along the longitudinal direction, the workbench 2 is arranged on the two second guide rails 15 in a sliding manner, a third ball screw 19 is further arranged between the two guide rails, a nut seat on the third ball screw 19 is fixed on the workbench 2, and the machining center further comprises a servo motor five 8 with an output shaft connected to the third ball screw 19.
The workbench 2 is arranged on the frame 1 in a sliding manner along the longitudinal direction, and the workbench 2 is driven to move through the servo motor five 8, so that the position between a product on the workbench 2 and the tool bit 31 on the broach device 7 is conveniently adjusted, and the product is conveniently machined.
As shown in fig. 3, the bit 31 includes a bit portion 311 and a shank portion 312 provided on the bit portion 311;
as shown in fig. 4, the broaching device 7 includes a hollow sleeve 71 and a pulling sleeve 72 which is located in the sleeve 71 and is movably arranged along the length direction of the sleeve, the sleeve 71 is vertically arranged, the upper end of the sleeve is connected with a first servo motor through a transmission rod 73, the sleeve 71 and the transmission rod 73 are circumferentially and rotatably arranged on a first sliding seat 13, and a handle portion 312 of the tool bit 31 can be vertically embedded in the sleeve 71;
as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, a limiting part 711 for limiting the movement of the cutter handle 312 continuously after the cutter handle 312 is embedded into the sleeve 71 to a certain extent is provided in the sleeve 71, a positioning groove 721 for embedding the cutter handle 312 is provided at the lower end of the pull sleeve 72, a plurality of mounting holes 722 communicated with the positioning groove 721 are provided on the outer wall of the pull sleeve 72, the plurality of mounting holes 722 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, balls 723 movably provided along the axial direction of the mounting holes 722 are provided in the mounting holes 722, after the cutter handle 312 is embedded into the positioning groove 721, the balls 723 can move to the inner side of the pull sleeve 72 under the guide of the inner wall of the sleeve 71 and clamp the cutter handle 312, an annular guide groove 712 which is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 71 and is used for the balls 723 to move to the outer side of the pull sleeve 72 to provide a space and separate from the cutter handle 312 is provided, and the cutter device 7 further comprises a driving member 74 for controlling the moving state of the pull sleeve 72 to clamp or unclamp the cutter handle 312 of the cutter head 31.
The tool bit portion 311 of the tool bit 31 is used for processing products, the tool shank portion 312 provides a tensioning head for the tool bit portion 311, and the tool pulling device 7 secures the tool bit 31 by tensioning the tool shank portion 312;
When the tool bit 31 is replaced, the tool bit device 7 transversely moves to enable the tool bit 31 clamped on the tool bit device 7 to be embedded into the tool holder 42, then the driving component drives the pull sleeve 72 to move downwards, so that the balls 723 on the pull sleeve 72 are positioned in the annular guide groove 712, and at the moment, the annular guide groove 712 provides a space for the balls 723 to move towards the outer side of the pull sleeve 72, so that the balls 723 cannot bear force on the tool shank 312 of the tool bit 31, namely the tool bit device 7 is in a tool loosening state at the moment;
Then, under the action of the fourth power device 6, the sleeve 71 on the broach device 7 moves upwards, so that the tool bit 31 on the sleeve is separated from and clamped by the tool holder 42, then the second power device 43 drives the tool disc 41 to rotate, so that the required tool bit is opposite to the sleeve 71, then the fourth power drives the sleeve 71 to move downwards, the tool shank 312 on the tool bit is embedded into the positioning groove 721, the driving piece 74 drives the pulling sleeve 72 to move upwards again, the balls 723 slide along the inner wall of the annular guide groove 712 and are separated from the annular guide groove 712, the upper movement of the tool shank 312 is limited by the limiting part 711, the inner wall of the sleeve 71 abuts against the balls 723, the balls 723 abut against the tool shank 312, and the lower movement of the tool shank 312 is limited, namely, the broach device 7 is in a broach state at this time.
As shown in fig. 3, the shank 312 includes a shank 3121 and a shank 3122 at an end of the shank 3121, the shank 3121 is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, an outer diameter of the shank 3121 is gradually reduced from the cutter head 311 toward the shank 3122, the limiting portion 711 is a conical surface on an inner wall of the sleeve 71 adapted to an outer wall of the shank 3121, the shank 3122 is in a cylindrical shape, and an annular clamping groove 3123 is formed on an outer wall of the shank 3122, which is radially inwardly opened for the balls 723 to be embedded.
The cutter handle 312 is divided into a handle 3121 and a handle 3122, the handle 3121 is configured in a conical shape, so that the cutter handle 312 is limited to move upwards, the handle 3122 is provided with an annular clamping groove 3123, so that the balls 723 are conveniently embedded into the annular clamping groove 3123 to limit the cutter handle 312 to move downwards, and the cutter handle 312 has a simple structure, strong practicability and easy processing.
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the driving member 74 includes a pull rod 741, a spring 742, a connecting member 743, a transmission sleeve 744 and a reset swing arm 745, the pull rod 741 is disposed in the sleeve 71 in the vertical direction, the lower end of the pull rod is fixed on the pull sleeve 72, the upper end of the pull rod is connected with the connecting member 743, the transmission sleeve 744 is sleeved on the sleeve 71, a guide hole 713 leading to the connecting member 743 is formed on the outer wall of the sleeve 71, a connecting rod 746 connecting with the transmission sleeve 744 after extending out of the guide hole 713 is disposed at the side end of the connecting member 743, a limit ring 714 is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve 71, the spring 742 is sleeved on the pull rod 741, the upper end of the spring 742 abuts against the connecting member 743, the lower end of the spring is abutted against the limit ring 714 for driving the connecting member 743 to move upwards, so that the connecting rod 746 on the connecting rod on the pull rod is abutted against the inner wall of the upper end of the guide hole 713, a ball 723 on the pull rod 741 is separated from an annular guide groove, the reset swing arm 745 is disposed on the transmission sleeve 744, a baffle plate 745 is disposed on the frame 1 for driving the third power device 5 to move the cutter device 7 to the guide sleeve 744 to move to the annular guide sleeve 723 after the reset swing arm 745 to be embedded in the annular guide groove 745. The driving member 74 further comprises a baffle 747 fixed on the frame 1 and located above the magazine 4 for the third power device 5 to drive the broach device 7 to move to the magazine 4, and then the guiding reset swinging arm 745 swings so that the transmission sleeve 744 moves down and the balls 723 on the pulling sleeve 72 roll into the annular guiding groove 712.
When the broach device 7 moves close to the tool magazine 4, the tool bit 31 on the broach device is embedded into the empty tool holder 42 or the tool bit on the tool holder 42 is embedded into the sleeve 71 and the pull sleeve 72, in the process, the reset swing arm 745 contacts the baffle 747, the reset swing arm 745 drives the transmission sleeve 744 to move downwards, the transmission sleeve 744 drives the connecting rod 746, the connecting piece 743 and the pull sleeve 72 to move downwards, the balls 723 on the pull sleeve 72 move into the annular guide groove 712, the broach device 7 is in a loose state, when the broach device 7 is far away from the tool magazine 4, after the reset swing arm 745 is separated from the baffle, the spring 742 drives the connecting piece 743 to move upwards under the action of elastic force, the connecting piece 743 drives the pull sleeve 72, the connecting rod 746 and the transmission sleeve 744 to move upwards, and the balls 723 on the pull sleeve 72 are separated from the annular groove, and the driving piece 74 of the broach device 7 is in a broach state.
As shown in fig. 9, the plurality of tool holders 42 are a plurality of buckles uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cutter 41 along the circumferential direction, the buckles are in a ring structure and have a certain elastic deformation capability, the side ends of the buckles are provided with openings 421, and after the buckles are pulled outwards or pressed inwards, the openings 421 are enlarged or reduced.
The buckle can be made of plastic with certain elastic recovery capability, is convenient to install, maintain and replace, mainly has low production cost and maintenance cost, the broach device 7 drives the tool bit 31 to move transversely, the tool bit 31 is extruded outwards after passing through the opening 421 of the buckle, after the tool bit 31 is embedded into the buckle, the opening 421 is restored and the tool bit 31 is clamped, the tool bit 31 is separated from the broach device 7 after the broach device 7 moves upwards and clamped by the buckle because the tool bit 7 is in a loose state, and the tool bit on the buckle is embedded into the sleeve 71 and the pull sleeve 72 when the broach device 7 moves downwards, at the moment, the tool bit 7 is in a loose state, but after the tool bit 7 moves transversely away from the tool magazine 4 again, the tool bit on the buckle is separated from the buckle through the opening 421, and the spring 742 drives the pull sleeve 72 to move upwards, so that the tool bit 31 is tensioned.
Preferably, in order to avoid scratch of the guide ball 723 when the guide ball 723 moves to the outside of the pull sleeve 72, as shown in fig. 3, a first guide surface 3124 having a certain slope for guiding the ball 723 to move to the outside of the pull sleeve 72 when the pull sleeve 72 is driven downward is provided on the outer wall of the end portion of the grip 3122, and a second guide surface 3125 having a certain slope for guiding the ball 723 to move to the outside of the pull sleeve 72 when the pull sleeve 72 is driven upward is provided on the inner wall of the annular clamping groove 3123 of the sleeve 71 near the end portion of the grip.
Optimally, in order to avoid the cutter head 31 from being separated from the lower end of the buckle after receiving a larger vertical downward external force, as shown in fig. 3 and 9, two parallel limiting flanges 3126 are arranged on the cutter handle 312, a certain distance is reserved between the two limiting flanges 3126, and the limiting flanges 422, which are arranged in the gap between the two limiting flanges 3126 after the cutter head 31 is clamped on the buckle along the horizontal direction, are arranged on the buckle.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the above embodiments without making any inventive effort shall fall within the scope of the present invention, so that equivalent changes according to the structure, shape and principle of the present invention shall be covered.
Claims (8)
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| CN117358959B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2025-08-29 | 浙江京洲数控机床有限公司 | A drilling center machine tool and its control method |
| CN118321961B (en) * | 2024-06-17 | 2024-09-24 | 思迈孚智能装备(沈阳)有限公司 | Flexible cutter taking manipulator mechanism with split rotary type buffering cutter disc |
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