CN111189381B - A stratum lift detection device based on differential principle - Google Patents
A stratum lift detection device based on differential principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111189381B CN111189381B CN202010031237.1A CN202010031237A CN111189381B CN 111189381 B CN111189381 B CN 111189381B CN 202010031237 A CN202010031237 A CN 202010031237A CN 111189381 B CN111189381 B CN 111189381B
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
一种基于差动原理的坝基灌浆地层抬动检测装置，由螺管差动微位移传感器、安全底座和地层抬动检测系统显示与报警三部分组成，把螺管差动微位移传感器分解成圆筒线圈主体和衔铁二个独立部件。安全底座由半嵌入灌浆场地的水泥底坐、用三根长螺杆装配成一体的的上位金属定位块、下位金属定位块和安装衔铁的定位螺孔组成。抬动位移信号的处理、显示、报警是由抬动记录仪主机完成的，包括有给差动微位移传感器原边线圈提供正弦波作为高稳幅激励源、用于传感器输出信号处理的相敏检波器、V/A转换电路、抬动数据显示和报警电路。本发明能够适应灌浆工程恶劣环境，结实耐用，提高了检测的稳定性和连续性，显著降低了抬动检测的失效率，具有很高分辨率。
A dam foundation grouting ground lift detection device based on the differential principle is composed of three parts: a solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor, a safety base, and a display and alarm of the ground lift detection system. The solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor is decomposed into circles. The barrel coil body and the armature are two independent parts. The safety base is composed of a cement bottom seat semi-embedded in the grouting site, an upper metal positioning block, a lower metal positioning block and a positioning screw hole for installing the armature assembled with three long screws. The processing, display and alarm of the lift displacement signal are completed by the lift recorder host, including providing a sine wave for the primary coil of the differential micro-displacement sensor as a high-stable amplitude excitation source, and a phase-sensitive sensor for processing the output signal of the sensor. Detector, V/A conversion circuit, lift data display and alarm circuit. The invention can adapt to the harsh environment of grouting engineering, is strong and durable, improves the stability and continuity of detection, significantly reduces the failure rate of lift detection, and has high resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and foundation treatment engineering, and particularly relates to a detection device special for detecting micro-displacement (uplift) generated by a grouted stratum in grouting engineering.
Background
In grouting engineering, the uplift displacement of the grouted stratum is an important parameter which must be detected according to the regulations in various specifications, and the accumulated uplift displacement of the stratum of each grouting section cannot exceed 2000 μm. At present, mechanical dial gauges and electronic dial gauges with grating or capacitive grating structures are frequently used in grouting sites. The mechanical dial indicator is difficult to read and almost has discontinuous reading, and the grating capacitance grating electronic dial indicator is easy to damage on a grouting site due to the fact that the grating capacitance grating electronic dial indicator is of a grating structure, and is not suitable for being used on the grouting site with severe environment.
The resolution ratio of the lifting displacement is 1/1000mm, namely 1 μm, and in the existing grouting construction, even if the technical indexes of a detection gauge head or a displacement sensor can meet the requirements, the sensor generally adopts an integrated elastic structure, and the field environmental factors such as mechanical vibration when a drilling machine and a water pump work, drilling tool lifting and dropping in the drilling process, core knocking, handling equipment and the motion of a construction vehicle can cause the lifting micro-displacement sensor to generate abnormal motion and generate false counting. In actual grouting construction, the lifting detection failure rate is high due to the external reasons, so that the lifting detection is similar to a dummy. The integral elastic detection principle and structure of a conventional mechanical gauge head and a lifting micro-displacement sensor are changed, and a set of matched installation and detection device with reliable and stable performance and strong anti-vibration capability is developed, so that the technical problem which needs to be solved firstly in the stratum lifting detection of the grouting engineering is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stratum lifting detection device which can adapt to the severe environment of grouting engineering, is firm and durable, has high resolution and is convenient to use, and replaces the existing stratum lifting detection system with a mechanical dial indicator and a grid structure.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
1) differential micro-displacement sensor of solenoid
A set of special grouting engineering stratum lifting micro-displacement sensor is developed by adopting the principle of a differential transformer, and the structure of the sensor is a solenoid coil type differential transformer which comprises a cylindrical coil main body and an armature iron. The sensor is designed by utilizing an open magnetic circuit weak magnetic coupling mechanism, the secondary side of the transformer is formed by reversely and serially connecting two coils with the same structural size and parameters, the primary side coil is arranged in the middle of the winding mode of the coils, and the secondary side coils are arranged on two sides of the winding mode of the coils. When the stratum lifts, the cylinder coil main body and the main measuring rod of the lifting detection hole are static and do not move, and the armature is fixed on the shockproof safety base and integrally moves synchronously along with the change of the stratum lifting, namely the armature moves and displaces relative to the cylinder coil main body. The mutual inductance between the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer is changed, so that the voltage induced by the coil of the secondary side is changed.
The outer diameter of the cylinder coil main body is phi 18mm, the length is 150mm, the center is a circular cavity with the diameter of 6mm and the height of 60mm, and the cylinder coil main body is convenient to be sleeved on the armature. The winding and the framework in the cylindrical coil body need to be subjected to moisture-proof treatment, and the load is 250 omega. And one end of the armature iron core is provided with M4 and 12-15 mm long threads for screwing on the shockproof upper metal positioning block. The linear measuring range of the sensor is 4mm, the measuring resolution is 1 mu m, the structure is simple, the stability is good, and the sensor is very suitable for being used in dam foundation grouting.
2) Shockproof safety base
The lifting displacement detection failure is prevented from being caused by the displacement of the armature due to environmental factors. The safety base is designed and manufactured and comprises an upper metal positioning block, a lower metal positioning block and a cement base. Half of the height of the cement base at the bottommost part of the safety base is embedded into the ground of the grouting site, and the periphery of the safety base is poured with cement and is kept parallel to the ground. The cement base is molded by casting with a model, the top surface is provided with a round hole, the bottom of the round hole and the periphery are ensured to be flat and smooth, and the bottom surface of the hole is parallel to the top surface of the cement base. One part of the lower metal positioning block is placed in the round hole, the lower metal positioning block and the upper metal positioning block are assembled into a whole by three long screw rods, the bottom surface of the upper metal positioning block and the top surface of the lower metal positioning block are provided with screw holes matched with the screw rods, the screw holes are uniformly distributed along the central point at 120 degrees, a sleeve consisting of a flat gasket, a spring washer and a flat gasket is placed at the step after the screw rods are screwed in, the upper metal positioning block is placed at the upper sleeve position of the screw rod step, and the screw rods and the round holes of the upper metal positioning block are designed to be tightly matched, so that the screw rods are required to be slightly pressed in when the upper metal positioning block.
And a flat gasket and a spring washer sleeve are also placed on the screw rod exposed out of the upper metal positioning block, under the indication of a horizontal bubble arranged on the upper metal positioning block, the central axis of the horizontal bubble is vertical to the ground by an adjusting nut, the lower metal positioning block and the upper metal positioning block are fastened into a whole, an M4 screw rod is screwed into a screw hole in the center of the upper metal positioning block, and whether the screw rod is vertical to the top surface of the upper metal positioning block is checked by using a right-angle guiding rule. And if the metal platform is vertical, putting the assembled metal platform into a circular hole of the cement platform, checking the horizontal and vertical degrees of the whole body again, if the metal platform is qualified, plugging and fixing a circumferential gap at the joint of the metal platform and the cement platform by using glass cement, and finally pouring the gap between the cement ground and the cement platform by using cement paste. The M4 screw was removed and the armature was screwed in. The cylinder coil body is clamped by a magnetic bracket connected with the main measuring steel pipe in the lifting detection hole and is sleeved on the armature. Because the magnetic support can be adjusted in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the zero point of the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor can be easily adjusted, and the initial position before detection can be fixed.
3) Display and alarm of stratum lifting detection system
In the grouting engineering, the stratum lifting is one of four parameters (flow, pressure, density and lifting) detected in the grouting process, the terminal of the lifting process detection system is a lifting automatic recorder, the core of the lifting process detection system is a 32-bit microprocessor NXP-LPC1768, a recorder host provides a 2000HZ sine wave as an excitation source for a primary coil of a differential micro-displacement sensor, and the source is generated by a high-amplitude and stable-amplitude oscillator in the host. The AC signal output by the secondary side of the differential micro-displacement sensor is transmitted to a phase-sensitive detector of a recorder host, converted into DC voltage, AC component is removed by a low-pass filter to obtain DC analog signal, and then converted into 4-20mA current by a special V/A conversion chip, and the 4-20mA current and 0-4mm displacement are converted and calculated by a computer, and the lifting data is displayed on a lifting window.
The recorder host samples 9 data per second of lift, and displays the actual accumulated four-bit displacement data once in a window within 3 seconds, wherein the unit is mum.
And before the lift detection, inputting the early warning and alarming values of the lift displacement into the recorder host. When the uplift displacement reaches an early warning value in detection, the host computer gives an audible and visual alarm, and when the uplift displacement reaches the warning value, the host computer of the recorder outputs a high level through a PWM (pulse-width modulation) port of the CPU, and the grouting high-pressure valve is automatically adjusted by the driving device to change grouting pressure or manually adjust to reduce pressure and flow.
The stratum lift detection device provided by the invention has the advantages that a solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor is decomposed into two independent parts, namely a cylindrical coil main body and an armature, the cylindrical coil main body and a lift detection hole main measuring rod are static and do not move, the armature is fixed on a shockproof safety base and integrally moves synchronously with the change of stratum lift, namely, the armature moves and displaces relative to the cylindrical coil main body, and the problems that the armature is frequently displaced due to the mechanical vibration when a drilling machine and a water pump work, the drilling machine is lifted down during the drilling process, a rock core is knocked, equipment is carried, the movement of a construction vehicle and other environmental interferences in the stratum lift detection process are fundamentally solved by utilizing the firm and stable structural design of the shockproof safety base, so that the failure rate of lift detection is obviously reduced. The advanced detection mechanism based on the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor thoroughly avoids the detection defects of the integrated elastic displacement sensor with the traditional mechanical dial indicator and the grid structure, and greatly improves the stability and continuity of detection. The detection device can adapt to the severe environment of grouting engineering, is firm and durable, is convenient to use, and has high resolution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a primary and secondary winding schematic diagram of a coil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the coil of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sensor mounting station of the present invention;
the invention is further described in detail with reference to the following structural drawings and detailed description.
Detailed Description
1) Differential micro-displacement sensor of solenoid
The sensor is designed by utilizing an open magnetic circuit weak magnetic coupling mechanism, and the winding and packaging of the cylindrical coil body are entrusted to a professional manufacturer for winding and manufacturing. The winding principle of the primary and secondary side coils of the solenoid coil type differential transformer is shown in figure 1, and the structure is shown in figure 2. The outer diameter of the solenoid is phi 18mm, the length of the solenoid is 150mm, the winding and the framework in the cylinder coil main body need to be subjected to moisture-proof treatment, the load is 250 omega, the armature is a manufacturer universal armature, and one end of the armature is provided with M4 threads with the length of 15 mm.
When the stratum has lifting displacement, the armature iron slightly moves up and down in the cylinder coil body of the sensor. The two secondary coils generate induced potentials e21 and e22 respectively due to mutual inductance. The cylinder coil body is sleeved at the central position of the armature, the secondary side is connected in a differential mode, and the two induced potentials are reversely connected in series, so that the output voltage-u 2= e21-e22=0, when the armature deviates from the central position, the output voltage-u 2= e21-e22 is not equal to 0, and the magnitude of the output voltage is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the lifting displacement.
2) Shockproof safety base
The lifting displacement detection failure is prevented from being caused by the displacement of the armature due to environmental factors. The safety base is designed and manufactured and mainly comprises an upper metal positioning block, a lower metal positioning block and a cement base. In fig. 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a cement base, half of which is embedded in the ground 10 of the grouting site, and which is poured with cement on its periphery and kept parallel to the ground. The cement base is molded by casting with the model, the purpose is to ensure more accurate molding precision, the diameter of the round hole on the top surface is 242mm, and the depth is 30 mm. The bottom of the hole is flat and smooth and is parallel to the top surface of the cement seat. In fig. 3, 2 is a lower metal positioning block, 3 is an upper metal positioning block, the top of the lower metal positioning block is provided with an M10 screw hole with a depth of 14mm, the upper metal positioning block is provided with a through hole with a diameter of phi 10, the M10 screw hole and the phi 10 through hole are uniformly distributed at 120 degrees, and the lower metal positioning block and the upper metal positioning block are assembled into a whole by three long screws 6. During assembly, after the three screw rods are screwed into the M10 screw hole, the sleeve 4 consisting of the flat gasket, the spring washer and the flat gasket is placed at the step of the screw rod, and the upper metal positioning block is placed at the position of the sleeve on the step of the screw rod. A flat gasket and a spring washer sleeve 4 are also placed on the screw rod exposed out of the upper metal positioning block, under the indication of a horizontal bubble arranged on the upper metal positioning block, the central axis of the horizontal bubble is vertical to the ground by an adjusting nut, meanwhile, the lower metal positioning block and the upper metal positioning block are fastened into a whole, an M4 screw rod is screwed into the screw hole 5, and whether the screw rod is vertical to the top surface of the upper metal positioning block 3 is checked by a right-angle guiding rule. And if the vertical gap is formed, the assembled metal platform is placed into a circular hole of the cement platform, the horizontal and vertical degrees of the whole body are checked again, a circumferential gap at the joint of the metal platform and the cement platform is sealed and fixed by glass cement, and finally, the gap between the cement ground and the cement platform is poured by cement paste.
In fig. 3, the screw M4 is removed from the threaded hole 5 and the armature 8 is screwed in. The cylinder coil body 7 is clamped by a magnetic bracket 9 connected with the main measuring steel pipe in the lifting detection hole and is sleeved on the armature. The signal line of the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor is connected with the calibrated lift recorder host, and after the host is powered on, the displacement and the current quantity displayed on the host liquid crystal display screen are regulated according to whether the displacement and the current quantity are 0 mu m and 4 mA. Because the magnetic support can be adjusted in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, the zero point of the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor can be easily adjusted, and the initial position before detection can be fixed.
3) Display and alarm of stratum lifting detection system
In the grouting engineering, the stratum lifting is one of four parameters (flow, pressure, density and lifting) detected in the grouting process, the terminal of the lifting process detection system is a lifting automatic recorder, the core of the lifting process detection system is a 32-bit microprocessor NXP-LPC1768, a recorder host provides a 2000HZ sine wave as an excitation source for a primary coil of a differential micro-displacement sensor, and the source is generated by a high-amplitude and stable-amplitude oscillator in the host. The AC signal output by the secondary side of the differential micro-displacement sensor is transmitted to a phase-sensitive detector of a recorder host, converted into DC voltage, AC component is removed by a low-pass filter to obtain DC analog signal, and then converted into 4-20mA current by a special V/A conversion chip, and the 4-20mA current and 0-4mm displacement are converted and calculated by a computer, and the lifting data is displayed on a lifting window.
The recorder host samples 9 data per second of lift, and displays the actual accumulated four-bit displacement data once in a window within 3 seconds, wherein the unit is mum.
Before the lift detection, the lift displacement early warning and alarm values are input into the recorder host. When the uplift displacement reaches an early warning value in detection, the host computer gives an audible and visual alarm, and when the uplift displacement reaches the warning value, the host computer of the recorder outputs a high level through a PWM (pulse-width modulation) port of the CPU, and the grouting high-pressure valve is automatically adjusted by the driving device to change grouting pressure or manually adjust to reduce pressure and flow.
Claims (5)
1. A stratum lift detection device based on a differential principle is characterized by comprising:
1) differential micro-displacement sensor of solenoid
The principle of a differential transformer is adopted, the open magnetic circuit weak magnetic coupling mechanism is utilized to design a stratum lifting micro-displacement sensor of the grouting engineering into a solenoid coil type differential transformer, the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor consists of a cylinder coil main body and an armature, the cylinder coil main body is clamped by a magnetic support connected with a main measuring rod steel pipe of a lifting measuring hole and keeps still, the armature is fixed on a shockproof safety base and moves synchronously with the change of stratum lifting, namely the armature moves and displaces relative to the cylinder coil main body; the transformer coil in the cylinder coil main body is wound on a non-ferromagnetic substance cylinder framework made of high-density glass filled polymer, the secondary side of the transformer is formed by reversely connecting two coils with the same structure size and parameters in series, and the layout structure of the primary side and the secondary side is as follows: the middle part is a primary coil, the two sides are secondary coils, the outer sides of the three coils are all wrapped by a high-permeability magnetic shell, and the outermost part is packaged into a cylindrical coil body by stainless steel; the armature is made of a high-permeability nickel-iron material, M4 threads with the length of 12-15 mm are machined at one end of the armature and fixed on a shockproof safety cement base, the armature is arranged in the center of the cylindrical coil main body, and when the armature moves synchronously along with the lifting of the stratum, the mutual inductance between the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer changes, so that the voltage induced by the secondary side coil changes;
2) shockproof safety base
The safety base is designed for preventing lifting displacement detection failure caused by displacement of the armature due to environmental factors, and consists of an upper metal positioning block, a lower metal positioning block and a cement base; half of the height of the cement base is embedded into the ground of a grouting site, the periphery of the cement base is filled with cement slurry and is kept parallel to the ground, the top surface of the cement base is provided with a round hole, part of the lower metal positioning block is placed in the round hole, the upper metal positioning block and the lower metal positioning block are assembled into a whole by three long screw rods, the bottom surface of the upper metal positioning block and the top surface of the lower metal positioning block are provided with screw holes matched with the screw rods, and the screw holes are uniformly distributed along the central point at; the screw is vertical to the top surface of the upper metal positioning block, a sleeve member consisting of a flat gasket, a spring washer and a flat gasket is placed at the upper step of the screw, and the upper metal positioning block is placed at the position of the upper sleeve member of the screw step; the center of the upper metal positioning block is provided with a screw hole for mounting an armature, and the cylindrical coil main body is clamped by a magnetic bracket connected with a steel pipe of a main measuring rod of the lifting measuring hole and sleeved on the armature;
3) display and alarm of stratum lifting detection system
The lifting process detection terminal is a lifting automatic recorder, an alternating current signal output by the secondary side of the solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor is input into a phase sensitive detector of a recorder host, converted into direct current voltage, subjected to alternating current component removal by a low-pass filter to obtain a direct current analog signal, converted into 4-20mA current by a V/A conversion chip, subjected to conversion calculation of the 4-20mA current and 0-4mm displacement by a microcomputer, and displayed on a lifting window.
2. A differential principle based formation lift detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the cylindrical coil body is phi 18mm, the length of the cylindrical coil body is 150mm, and the center of the cylindrical coil body is a circular cavity with the diameter of 6mm and the height of 60 mm.
3. A differential principle based formation lift detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the lift automatic recorder adopts a 32-bit microcomputer main control chip NXP-LPC1768, and a recorder host provides a 2000HZ sine wave as an excitation source for a primary coil of a solenoid differential micro-displacement sensor.
4. A differential principle based formation lift detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the recorder host samples 9 data per second of the lifting displacement, and displays the actual accumulated four-bit displacement data once in a window within 3 seconds, wherein the unit is mum.
5. A differential principle based formation lift detection device according to claim 1, wherein: before the lifting detection, an early warning value and an alarm value are input into the recorder host, when the lifting displacement reaches the early warning value in the detection, the host gives an audible and visual alarm, when the lifting displacement reaches the alarm value, the recorder host outputs a high level through a PWM (pulse width modulation) port of a CPU (central processing unit), and a driving device automatically adjusts a grouting high-pressure valve to change grouting pressure or manually adjusts to reduce pressure and flow.
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| CN115094858A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-23 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A high-precision dam foundation grouting ground lift detection device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201707349U (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-01-12 | 范雪莲 | Micro-electromagnetic acceleration displacement inclination vibrating sensor |
| CN202614174U (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-12-19 | 沈阳仪表科学研究院 | High-performance displacement sensor |
| CN203177795U (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-09-04 | 合肥市石川工程机械有限公司 | Prestress-tensioning protection type displacement sensor |
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