CN111281480B - Knee joint replacement femoral condyle midline positioning guide device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a knee joint replacement femoral condyle midline positioning guide, which belongs to the field of medical instruments and has the technical scheme that the guide comprises a base body, a first guide hole and a second guide hole which penetrate the base body are formed in the base body, the axis of the first guide hole is parallel to the axis of the second guide hole, the guide body further comprises a positioning center column inserted into the first guide hole, a centering hole for a Kirschner wire to pass through is coaxially formed in the first center column, and the positioning center column is matched with the first guide hole. The invention achieves the effect of more accurately drilling.

Description

Femoral condyle midline positioning guide for knee replacement

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, and more particularly to a femoral condyle midline positioning guide for knee replacement.

Background Art

With the aging of the population, the number of patients with knee osteoarthritis increases year by year. Among them, patients with severe joint damage need joint replacement surgery to relieve pain and improve knee function. Most patients have osteoarthritis limited to the medial compartment. Simple medial compartment replacement while retaining the lateral compartment and cruciate ligament can achieve the same pain relief and better knee function. About 50% of knee replacements can be solved by simple replacement of the medial compartment.

One of the difficulties in unicompartmental knee replacement is to accurately place the femoral prosthesis in the middle of the medial femoral condyle. If the prosthesis is biased to the medial side, it may cause disturbance to the medial collateral ligament, while if it is biased to the lateral side, it may cause intercondylar filling and cruciate ligament wear. Currently, the clinical method of determining the midline of the medial femoral condyle by measuring with a soft ruler or visually, and then installing the femoral osteotomy template for osteotomy, there are defects in the operation process such as operation errors and inability to repeatedly confirm and check.

Therefore, it is necessary to design a new femoral condyle midline locator to repeatedly confirm and ensure the accurate position of the prosthesis and improve the comfort and life of the medial compartment prosthesis.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a midline positioning guide for the femoral condyle in knee replacement, which can find the midline position faster and more accurately through Kirschner wires, thereby solving the problem of drilling position deviation.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a midline positioning guide for the femoral condyle of a knee replacement, comprising a base, the base being provided with a first guide hole and a second guide hole passing therethrough, the axis of the first guide hole being parallel to the axis of the second guide hole, and also comprising a positioning center column inserted into the first guide hole, the first center column being provided with an alignment center hole coaxially therewith for the passage of a Kirschner wire, the positioning center column cooperating with the first guide hole.

By adopting the above technical scheme, during use, the user now inserts the Kirschner wire into the patient's bone, so that the Kirschner wire is inserted into the marking line marked on the patient's bone by the engraving knife, and then the first guide hole or the second guide hole on the base is sleeved on the Kirschner wire. At this time, a certain gap is left between the Kirschner wire and the first guide hole or the second guide hole. At this time, it is still impossible to achieve relatively accurate positioning when drilling. At this time, the positioning center column is inserted into the first guide hole or the second guide hole, so that the positioning center column is sleeved on the Kirschner wire at the same time. In this way, the base will be fixed at the current position, and the Kirschner wire is inserted into the predetermined drilling position, and the positioning is accurate. In this way, the user can drill the engraved position on the patient's bone. After drilling one hole, the positioning center column and the Kirschner wire are removed, and the second hole can be accurately drilled on the patient's bone. The scheme improves the efficiency of hole finding, reduces the difficulty of operation, reduces the possibility of further damage to the patient, and improves the quality of surgery.

Preferably: the base is provided with an adjustment component which can be opened and closed along a direction perpendicular to the length of the first guide hole, the length direction of the adjustment component is parallel to the length direction of the first guide hole, the adjustment component includes a fixed plate fixed on one side of the base, a long slot hole opened on the base, a fixing screw inserted into the long slot hole and a movable plate threadedly connected to the fixing screw, the length direction of the long slot hole is perpendicular to the length direction of the first guide hole and passes through a side wall of the base, the movable plate and the fixed plate both extend along the length direction of the first guide hole, when the head of the fixing screw is progressively advanced on the side wall of the base, a side wall of the movable plate perpendicular to the length direction of the first guide hole abuts against the side wall of the base with the long slot hole.

By adopting the above technical solution and setting an adjustment component, the fixed plate and the movable plate can be placed between the tibia and the femur, the tibia can be padded and the base can be positioned. At the same time, after loosening the fixing screws, the user can change the relative distance between the movable plate and the fixed plate by sliding, and finally tighten the fixing screws. By increasing the friction between the movable plate and the base, the possibility of movement of the movable plate is reduced. Adjustment can be made according to the actual situation of tibial osteotomy and patient defect, which greatly improves the accuracy of base positioning and the stability of the drilling process, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of drilling.

Preferably: when the head of the fixing screw is pressed against the side wall of the base, the side wall where the movable plate abuts the base has a plurality of spaced apart ridge-like movable ridges, the side wall of the base facing the movable ridge abuts the movable plate, and this side wall has a fixed ridge cooperating with the movable ridge.

By adopting the above technical solution and arranging the movable ribs and the fixed ribs, the possibility of displacement of the movable plate when the fixing screws are tightened is further reduced, and the stability and accuracy of drilling are further improved.

Preferably: the length direction of the movable rib is perpendicular to the length direction of the long slot hole and the length direction of the first guide hole.

By adopting the above technical solution, since the moving direction of the movable plate is consistent with the length direction of the long slot hole, such a setting can enable the movable ribs and the fixed ribs to better play the limiting role on the movable plate, reduce the horizontal separation between the movable ribs and the fixed ribs, and further improve the stability and accuracy of drilling.

Preferably: the movable ribs and the fixed ribs are both in a ratchet shape elongated along the length direction, and the inclined surface of the ratchet-shaped movable ribs is arranged downward, and the inclined surface of the ratchet-shaped fixed ribs is arranged upward.

By adopting the above technical solution, when adjusting the distance between the movable plate and the fixed plate, the movable plate is slid so that the ratchet-shaped movable ridges slide along the ratchet-shaped fixed ridges. This can reduce the possibility that the movable plate is affected by external forces in the process of moving away from the fixed plate and then approaching the fixed plate, thereby prolonging the operation time and even pinching the patient, thereby further improving the working stability.

Preferably: when the movable plate abuts against the fixed plate, the contour edge of the movable plate extends out of the contour edge of the fixed plate.

By adopting the above technical solution, the movable plate is used to abut against the end of the tibia, and the fixed plate is used to abut against the end of the femur. Because the end of the tibia has structures such as the meniscus, which is usually larger than the end of the femur, this setting can make the adjustment component more stable and play its positioning and limiting role.

Preferably: a smooth arc surface is provided at the connection between the fixed plate and the base, and a smooth transition is formed between the fixed plate, the arc surface and the side wall of the base connected to the movable plate.

By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing plate is against the end of the femur, and the end of the femur is in a smooth arc shape. Therefore, such a setting can increase the contact area between the fixing plate and the end of the femur, reduce the damage caused by the fixing plate and the end of the femur, and at the same time enable the fixing plate to stably play the role of positioning and limiting.

Preferably, one end of the positioning center column is fixed with two fixing claws arranged on both sides thereof, and the fixing claws are arranged along the length direction of the positioning center column. When the positioning center column is inserted into the first guide hole, the two fixing claws respectively abut against two opposite side walls of the base.

By adopting the above technical solution, the two claws can fix the positioning center column at the current position and angle after the positioning center column is sleeved on the Kirschner wire, reducing the possibility of rotation of the positioning center column, and further reducing the possibility of loosening of the Kirschner wire due to friction between the positioning center column and the Kirschner wire when it rotates, thereby making the drilling process more stable.

In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

1. By setting the adjustment component, the fixed plate and the movable plate can be placed between the tibia and the femur, the tibia is padded and the base is positioned. At the same time, after loosening the fixing screw, the user can change the relative distance between the movable plate and the fixed plate by sliding, and finally tighten the fixing screw. By increasing the friction between the movable plate and the base, the possibility of the movable plate moving is reduced. It can be adjusted according to the actual situation of tibial osteotomy and patient defect, which greatly improves the accuracy of base positioning and the stability of the drilling process, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of drilling;

2. When adjusting the distance between the moving plate and the fixed plate, the moving plate is slid so that the ratchet-shaped moving ridges slide along the ratchet-shaped fixed ridges. This can reduce the possibility that the moving plate is affected by external forces when it moves away from the fixed plate and then moves closer to the fixed plate, prolonging the operation time or even pinching the patient, and further improves the working stability;

3. The movable plate is used to abut against the end of the tibia, and the fixed plate is used to abut against the end of the femur. Because the end of the tibia has structures such as meniscus, which is usually larger than the end of the femur, this setting can make the adjustment component more stable in its positioning and limiting functions;

4. The two claws can fix the positioning center column at the current position and angle after the positioning center column is put on the Kirschner wire, reducing the possibility of the positioning center column rotating, thereby reducing the possibility of the Kirschner wire loosening due to friction between the positioning center column and the Kirschner wire when it rotates, and can make the drilling process more stable.

5. The present invention can accurately locate the midline position of the femoral condyle. Compared with the previous visual positioning method and ruler measurement positioning method based on the surgeon's experience, it can significantly reduce surgical operation errors and significantly improve the placement accuracy of the femoral prosthesis in unicompartmental knee replacement.

6. The present invention can be used repeatedly during surgery, which is convenient for the surgeon to confirm the measurement results and marking positions multiple times during surgery. At the same time, it also leaves a certain redundant space for appropriately adjusting the long-axis position of the femoral condyle prosthesis, so that the prosthesis placement position can be appropriately adjusted according to the femoral condyle morphology during surgery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is an axonometric view of the first embodiment;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the position of a Kirschner wire according to an embodiment;

FIG3 is an enlarged view of section A in FIG2 showing the position of the first guide hole;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the B portion of FIG. 2 showing the movable corrugation structure.

Figure numerals: 1, base; 11, second guide hole; 12, first guide hole; 13, arc surface; 2, positioning center column; 21, Kirschner wire; 22, claw; 23, connecting block; 3, adjustment assembly; 31, fixed plate; 32, movable plate; 33, long slot hole; 34, fixing screw; 35, movable rib; 36, fixed rib.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiment 1: A midline positioning guide for the femoral condyle of a knee replacement, see FIG1 and FIG2, comprising a base 1, a second guide hole 11 arranged along its length direction is opened on the base 1, and the second guide hole 11 penetrates the base 1 along its length direction. A first guide hole 12 arranged along its length direction is opened on the base 1 below the second guide hole 11, and the first guide hole 12 penetrates the base 1 along its length direction. An adjustment component 3 is provided on the base 1, and the adjustment component 3 comprises a fixed plate 31 fixedly arranged at one end of the base 1, a long slot hole 33 opened at the other end of the base 1, a fixing screw 34 located inside the long slot hole 33, and a movable plate 32 threadedly connected to the fixing screw 34, and the contour edge of the movable plate 32 extends outside the contour edge of the fixed plate 31. The fixed plate 31 and the movable plate 32 are both arranged horizontally and arranged along the length direction of the first guide hole 12. The length direction of the long slot hole 33 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first guide hole 12, and the length direction of the first guide hole 12 penetrates the base 1. The fixing screw 34 is arranged along the length direction of the first guide hole 12, and the head size of the fixing screw 34 is larger than the width of the long slot hole 33. A smooth arc surface 13 is provided at the connection between the fixing plate 31 and the base 1, and a smooth transition is formed between the fixing plate 31, the arc surface 13 and the side wall of the base 1 connected with the moving plate 32.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a cylindrical positioning center column 2 is inserted into the first guide hole 12, and the positioning center column 2 is transitionally matched with the first guide hole 12. A through hole arranged along the axial direction of the positioning center column 2 is provided, and the through hole is used to insert a Kirschner wire 21. When the Kirschner wire 21 is inserted into the positioning center column 2, the positioning center column 2 and the Kirschner wire 21 are arranged coaxially. A connecting block 23 with an edge protruding from the edge of the end face of the positioning center column 2 is fixed at one end of the positioning center column 2, and two long straight plate-shaped claws 22 are fixed on the connecting block 23. The two claws 22 are respectively arranged on both sides of the positioning center column 2, and when the positioning center column 2 is inserted into the first guide hole 12, the two claws 22 are respectively abutted against the opposite sides of the base 1.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the movable plate 32 is in a step shape, that is, the side of the base body 1 facing the movable plate 32 is also in a step shape, and a ratchet-shaped movable rib 35 is fixedly arranged at the end with the largest end surface area among the two ends of the movable plate 32, and a ratchet-shaped fixed rib 36 cooperating with the movable rib 35 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the base body 1 facing the end surface of the movable plate 32, the inclined surface of the ratchet-shaped movable rib 35 is set downward, and the inclined surface of the ratchet-shaped fixed rib 36 is set upward, and the length direction of the movable rib 35 is perpendicular to the length direction of the long slot hole 33 and the length direction of the first guide hole 12. When the side wall of the fixing screw 34 abuts against the vertex of the inner wall of the long slot hole 33, the highest point of the stepped movable plate 32 abuts against the deepest side of the stepped side of the base body 1.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A knee replacement femoral condyle midline positioning guide, characterized in that: the novel electric wire guiding device comprises a base body (1), wherein a first guiding hole (12) and a second guiding hole (11) penetrating the base body (1) are formed in the base body, the axis of the first guiding hole (12) is parallel to the axis of the second guiding hole (11), the novel electric wire guiding device further comprises a positioning center column (2) inserted into the first guiding hole (12) or the second guiding hole (11), a centering hole for a Kirschner wire (21) to pass through is coaxially formed in the positioning center column (2), and the positioning center column (2) is matched with the first guiding hole (12) or the second guiding hole (11);

The base body (1) is provided with an adjusting component (3) which can be opened and closed along the length direction perpendicular to the first guide hole (12), the length direction of the adjusting component (3) is parallel to the length direction of the first guide hole (12), the adjusting component (3) comprises a fixed plate (31) fixedly arranged on one side of the base body (1), a long slot hole (33) formed in the base body (1), a fixed screw (34) inserted into the long slot hole (33) and a movable plate (32) in threaded connection with the fixed screw (34), the length direction of the long slot hole (33) is perpendicular to the length direction of the first guide hole (12) and penetrates through one side wall of the base body (1), the movable plate (32) and the fixed plate (31) extend along the length direction of the first guide hole (12), and when the head of the fixed screw (34) is advanced on the side wall of the base body (1), one side wall of the movable plate (32) perpendicular to the length direction of the first guide hole (12) is abutted against the side wall of the base body (1) formed with the long slot hole (33);

Two fixed claws (22) that locate its both sides are set firmly to the one end of location center post (2), and fixed claw (22) set up along the length direction of location center post (2), and when location center post (2) were pegged graft in first guiding hole (12) inside, two fixed claws (22) butt respectively on two opposite lateral walls of base member (1).

2. The femoral condyle midline positioning guide of claim 1, wherein: when the head of the fixing screw (34) is abutted against the side wall of the base body (1), a plurality of spacing-arranged prismatic movable ridges (35) are arranged on the side wall of the position, where the movable plate (32) is abutted against the base body (1), of the base body (1), the side wall, which is opposite to the movable ridges (35), is abutted against the movable plate (32), and a fixing ridge (36) matched with the movable ridges (35) is arranged on the side wall.

3. The femoral condyle midline positioning guide of claim 2, wherein: the length direction of the moving ridge (35) is perpendicular to the length direction of the long groove hole (33) and the length direction of the first guide hole (12) at the same time.

4. The femoral condyle midline positioning guide of claim 2, wherein: the movable ridges (35) and the fixed ridges (36) are in a ratchet shape elongated along the length direction, the inclined surfaces of the ratchet-shaped movable ridges (35) are arranged downwards, and the inclined surfaces of the ratchet-shaped fixed ridges (36) are arranged upwards.

5. The femoral condyle midline positioning guide of claim 1, wherein: the contour edge of the moving plate (32) extends outside the contour edge of the fixed plate (31).

6. The femoral condyle midline positioning guide of claim 1, wherein: the connecting part of the fixing plate (31) and the base body (1) is provided with a smooth arc surface part (13), and the fixing plate (31), the arc surface part (13) and the side wall of the base body (1) connected with the movable plate (32) are in smooth transition.