CN111374001B - High-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn, which comprises the following steps: and soaking the corn seeds for 8-12 h by using a mixed solution containing the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate one day before the corn seeds are sown, and performing alternate sowing at the same time with the untreated corn seeds. The invention uses the bacillus subtilis and the potassium nitrofulvate to steep the seeds to accelerate the corn breeding process and the interlaced planting method of the common corn seeds (not treated), thereby increasing the synchronization time of the corn pollen and the corn filament and improving the pollination rate.

Description

A high-yield cultivation method for improving pollination rate of corn

technical field

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for improving the pollination rate of corn.

Background technique

The information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of some understanding of the general background of the invention and should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Maize is a monoecious and cross-pollinated crop. Although each tassel can provide about 3 million grains of pollen, the pollination rate of maize production fields is only about 80% due to the influence of flowering time, temperature and variety characteristics. Under normal conditions, the tassels tassell and loose pollen first, and the female ears spin silk and receive pollen a few days later. The flowering period of corn is only 7-8 days, and the pollination rate is mostly reduced to about 65% or less due to the lack of flowering period and high temperature, which significantly affects the production level of corn.

In response to the above problems, artificial pollination, drone pollination and inter-variety planting are commonly used in production in order to improve the pollination rate. However, due to factors such as the increase of labor cost and the poor field operation environment of high plant height at the flowering stage of corn, the effect of artificial pollination was only about 20% higher than that of the control. UAV pollination is because the drone is used to fly over the corn field, and the downward wind generated by the rotation of the drone's wings is used to complete corn pollination, which is significantly lower than the cost and efficiency of manual pollination, but due to the cost of the drone The influence of the status quo, such as high high and low retention rate, has not yet achieved widespread application in a large area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the low pollination rate of corn and the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention utilizes Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvic acid soaked seeds to speed up the growth process of corn and the method for interlaced planting of common corn seeds (untreated), thereby increasing the number of corn The same time of pollen and corn filaments increases the pollination rate.

Specifically, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A high-yield cultivation method for improving corn pollination rate, the method comprises the following steps:

The day before corn sowing, soak corn seeds in a mixture containing Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvic acid for 8 to 12 hours, and sown in alternate rows with untreated corn seeds at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the selected seeds are uniform in shape, size and color.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the treated corn seeds and the untreated corn seeds are sown in alternate rows at the same time in a mass ratio of 1:1.

After years of production practice and research by the inventor, it is concluded that the soaking timing, time and soaking temperature have certain influences on the growth and development of corn seedlings and the pollination rate of corn.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corn seeds are soaked one day before the sowing of the corn. It has been verified by experiments that soaking corn seeds prematurely cannot make corn seeds emerge neatly and evenly.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking time is selected from 8 to 12 hours. Appropriate soaking time is one of the important factors to promote the development of corn seedlings. It has been verified by experiments that this technical means can effectively promote the growth and development of corn and accelerate the growth process of corn. Further preferred, the soaking time is 10h.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soaking temperature is 30-40°C. It has been verified by experiments that the use of this technical means can ensure that the maize seeds emerge neatly and evenly. Further preferably, the soaking temperature is 35°C.

The concentration of Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvic acid has an important influence on the growth and development of maize. In the process of experimental research, it was found that the appropriate raw material concentration and ratio can effectively adjust the silking period of maize female flowers, which can advance the silking period by 2 to 3 days, so that the tassel loose powder and female ear silking can be carried out simultaneously, and the female Full pollination.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the mixed solution, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 4-6×10 ⁷ cfu/mL, and the concentration of potassium nitro fulvic acid is 2-5 g/L. Further preferably, in the mixed solution, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 5×10 ⁷ cfu/mL, and the concentration of potassium nitrofulvate is 3.3 g/L.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Bacillus subtilis can be obtained by conventional commercial means.

Compared with the related art known by the inventor, one of the technical solutions of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the treated corn seeds and the untreated corn seeds are sown in alternate rows at the same time, during the same period, the male flowers of the untreated row are scattered, the female flowers of the treated row corn are spun, and the contemporaneous time of the corn pollen and the corn silk is increased, and the pollination is improved. Rate.

(2) The present invention makes full use of the inhibitory effect of active substances such as subtilisin, polymyxin, nystatin and gramicidin produced during the growth of Bacillus subtilis cells on pathogenic bacteria or endogenous infectious bacteria , significantly reducing the incidence of diseases such as large leaf spot, small leaf spot, rust and sheath blight during the maize growth period, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings.

(3) The present invention makes full use of the nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solution, potassium activation and other effects of potassium nitro fulvic acid, and exerts its effects on increasing the root of corn, improving disease resistance and quality, and cooperating with Bacillus subtilis to effectively Shorten the growth and development process of corn. Moreover, it has been verified by experiments that the two active ingredients have a wide range of action, which can effectively control the incidence of untreated corn and improve the quality of corn.

(4) The present invention adopts Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitroxanthohumate compound to regulate and control the growth and development process of maize, and the silking period of maize female flowers grown from the soaked seeds is advanced, and the contemporaneous time of the flowering period between male and female ears is increased.

(5) The present invention can effectively adjust the silking stage of maize female flowers by setting the use concentrations of Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvic acid.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of corn field sowing, the dashed line represents the treated row, and the solid line represents the untreated row.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural as well, furthermore, it is to be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates that There are features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

In 2019, it was carried out in the experimental field of the Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The tested corn variety was Denghai 605, and the test species was provided by Shandong Denghai Seed Industry Co., Ltd. Sow on June 12, 2019, with a planting density of 4,800 plants/mu, and harvested on October 7. When sowing, 40 kg/mu of seed fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer was 25-15-8 (N-P-K) ternary slow-release compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the release period was 50 days; the irrigation was sufficient, and the soil physical and chemical properties of the experimental field were consistent, loam, soil fertility See Table 1 for the status.

Table 1 Basic fertility status of experimental fields

Test group: One day before corn sowing, corn seeds were soaked in a mixed solution containing Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate for 10 hours, and the soaking temperature was 35°C, and the corn seeds were sown in 1:1 interlaced rows with untreated corn seeds. Wherein, in the mixed solution, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 was 5×10 ⁷ cfu/mL, and the concentration of potassium nitrofulvate was 3.3 g/L.

Control group 1: Soak corn seeds with seed dressing dilution solution (the dilution solution contains 5×10 ⁷ cfu/mL Bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 and 2wt% Rickshow) one day before sowing of corn for 10h, soaking temperature is 35 ℃, followed by untreated treatment. Treated corn seeds were sown in alternate rows over the same period. The schematic diagram of seeding is shown in Figure 1.

Control group 2: The difference from the test group is that all soaked corn seeds are used for sowing, and other steps and/or conditions are the same as those of the test group.

During the experiment, data such as pollination rate, root length density, disease index and yield composition of maize were investigated (Tables 2-4). From the survey results, the pollination rate of corn in the present invention increased from 86.4% in the control group 1 to 96.9%, and the root length density of corn increased from 0.377cm·cm ^-3 to 0.411cm·cm ^-3 , an increase rate of 9.02% , the disease index of large spot disease, small spot disease, rust and sheath blight at the silking stage were respectively reduced by 23.66%, 20.05%, 18.91% and 24.87% compared with the control group 1. Compared with the control group 2, the pollination of the present invention The rate increased from 86.8% to 96.9%, see Table 2. At the booting stage, the number of nodes in each layer of maize increased significantly, as shown in Table 3. The number of grains per ear increased from 475 in the control group 1 to 529, an increase of 11.37%, and the yield increased by 113 kg/mu, an increase of 21.56%. Compared with the experimental group, the number of grains per ear in the control group 2 increased by 474. To 529 grains, the increase rate was 11.6%, see Table 4.

To sum up, compared with the experimental group, although the root density and 100-grain weight of the control group 2 were slightly higher, the pollination rate and the number of grains per ear were similar to those of the control group 1, and were significantly lower than those of the experimental group. It is indicated that the technical means of interlaced sowing with the untreated corn seeds in the present invention can obviously improve the pollination rate and the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the corn yield.

The influence of the present invention on the pollination rate, root length density and disease index of table 2 (average value)

The influence of the present invention on the number of nodes in each layer of the corn booting stage (bar, average value) of table 3

The influence of the present invention on the composition of corn yield and yield traits of table 4 (average value)

Example 2

In 2019, it was carried out in the experimental field of Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The tested corn variety was Zhengdan 958, which was purchased from Shandong Lufeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd. It was sown on June 18, 2019, with a planting density of 5,000 plants/mu, and was fully matured and harvested on October 6. Before sowing, apply 100 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer. The fertilizer is 25-15-8 (N-P-K) ternary slow-release compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the release period is 50 days; ensure normal soil moisture.

Test group: One day before corn sowing, corn seeds were soaked in a mixed solution containing Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitrofulvate for 10 hours, and the soaking temperature was 35°C, and the corn seeds were sown in 1:1 interlaced rows with untreated corn seeds. Wherein, in the mixed solution, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis BNCC336417 was 5×10 ⁷ cfu/mL, and the concentration of potassium nitrofulvate was 3.3 g/L.

Control group 1: Soak corn seeds with seed dressing diluent (carbendazim) for 10 hours one day before sowing, at a soaking temperature of 35°C, and sown in alternate rows with untreated corn seeds at the same time.

Control group 2: The difference from the experimental group is that all soaked corn seeds are used for sowing, and other steps and/or conditions are the same as those of the experimental group.

During the experiment, data such as pollination rate, root length density of maize, disease index and yield composition were investigated (Tables 5-7). The investigation found that the pollination rate of corn in the present invention increased from 85.0% of control group 1 to 97.4%, and the root density of corn increased from 0.417 cm·cm ^-3 to 0.422 cm·cm ^-3 . The disease indices of large spot, small spot, rust and sheath blight at the silking stage were respectively reduced by 25.28%, 13.80%, 19.55% and 14.03% compared with the control group 1. Compared with the control group 2, the pollination rate of the present invention From 84.5% to 97.4%, see Table 5. The number of nodes and roots in each layer of maize at the booting stage increased significantly compared with the control group 1, as shown in Table 6. The number of grains per ear increased from 486 in the control group 1 to 521, an increase of 7.20%, and the yield increased by 129 kg/mu. 23.24%. Compared with the experimental group, the number of grains per spike increased from 475 to 521 in the control group 2, an increase of 9.68%, as shown in Table 7.

To sum up, compared with the experimental group, the corn in the control group 2 has slightly better growth, but the pollination rate and the number of grains per ear are similar to those in the control group 1, and are significantly lower than those in the experimental group. Those skilled in the art know that pollination rate and seed setting rate are important factors affecting maize yield. Even if maize plants grow well, if pollination rate and seed setting rate are low, it will significantly affect maize yield.

The influence of the present invention on the pollination rate, root length density and disease index (mean value) of table 5 corn

The influence of the present invention on the number of nodes in each layer of the corn booting stage (bar, average value) of table 6

Table 7 The present invention's influence (average value) on maize yield and yield trait composition

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification should be equivalent replacement manners, which are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a high-yield cultivation method improving corn pollination rate, is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps: Soak corn seeds with a mixture containing Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitro fulvic acid for 8-12 hours on the day before corn sowing, and sown in alternate rows with untreated corn seeds in the same period; The treated corn seeds and the untreated corn seeds are sown in alternate rows at the same time, and during the same period, the male flowers of the untreated row are scattered, and the female flowers of the treated row of corn are spun to increase the contemporaneous time of the corn pollen and the corn silk, and to improve the pollination rate; The growth and development process of maize is regulated by the combination of Bacillus subtilis and potassium nitroxanthohumate, and the silking period of maize female flowers grown from the soaked seeds is advanced, and the contemporaneous time of the flowering period between male and female ears is increased; The concentration of Bacillus subtilis was 5×10 ⁷ cfu/mL, and the concentration of potassium nitrofulvic acid was 3.3g/L; the soaking temperature was 35℃; the soaking time was 10h; the treated corn seeds and the untreated corn The seeds were sown in interlaced rows at the same time according to the mass ratio of 1:1. 2. The high-yield cultivation method for improving the pollination rate of corn as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the selected seeds are uniform in shape, size and color.

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