CN111491244A

CN111491244A - MEMS microphone processing method and MEMS microphone

Info

Publication number: CN111491244A
Application number: CN202010183704.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王喆; 邹泉波; 邱冠勋; 吴立德
Original assignee: Goertek Microelectronics Inc
Current assignee: Goertek Microelectronics Inc
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2020-08-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-16
Also published as: WO2021184591A1; CN111491244B

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method of an MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) microphone and the MEMS microphone. The method comprises the following steps: depositing a polysilicon reference layer over a substrate; performing dry etching on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer from one side of the polycrystalline silicon reference layer to form a reference hole on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer; depositing a first sacrificial layer on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer; depositing a polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer on the first sacrificial layer, wherein the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is provided with a suspended part; depositing a second sacrificial layer on the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer, wherein the second sacrificial layer is connected with the first sacrificial layer at the periphery of the suspended part; depositing a silicon nitride layer on the second sacrificial layer; etching the substrate and the silicon dioxide protective layer from one side of the substrate to form a first cavity, wherein the first cavity exposes the reference hole; on one side of the first cavity, wet etching is carried out on the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer which are positioned around the suspended part from the reference hole, and a second cavity is formed between the polycrystalline silicon reference layer and the silicon nitride layer; the suspended part of the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is suspended in the second cavity.

Description

MEMS microphone processing method and MEMS microphone

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-electro-mechanical processing, and particularly relates to a processing method of an MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) microphone and the MEMS microphone.

Background

The conventional mainstream sensors, such as microphones, pressure sensors, and displacement sensors, adopt the principle of using a flat capacitor for detection. For example, in the structure of a microphone, the microphone generally includes a substrate, and a back plate and a diaphragm formed on the substrate, wherein a gap is formed between the back plate and the diaphragm, so that the back plate and the diaphragm together form a flat plate type capacitor sensing structure.

In the process of processing the micro-electromechanical sensor, a material layer of a required structure is usually formed on a substrate, then different regions of the material layer are etched away by an etching process, and finally the remaining structure is the micro-electromechanical sensor. However, the anisotropic etching characteristics and the selectivity of the semiconductor material to the etching process in the etching process are difficult to control, and the etching degree of the region far away from the initial position of the etching process is difficult to control. For example, the etching process used can exhibit good anisotropic etching characteristics in one material, but cannot exhibit such etching characteristics after etching to another material, thereby making it difficult to achieve the design requirements for the size of the cavity formed by further etching. Thereby causing the performance of the microelectromechanical sensor to be affected.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a new solution for manufacturing a MEMS microphone.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for processing a MEMS microphone, comprising:

depositing a polysilicon reference layer over a substrate;

performing dry etching on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer from one side of the polycrystalline silicon reference layer to form a reference hole on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer;

depositing a first sacrificial layer on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer;

depositing a polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer on the first sacrificial layer, wherein the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is provided with a suspended part;

depositing a second sacrificial layer on the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer, wherein the second sacrificial layer is connected with the first sacrificial layer at the periphery of the suspended part;

depositing a silicon nitride layer on the second sacrificial layer;

performing wet etching on the substrate and the silicon dioxide protective layer from one side of the substrate to form a first cavity, wherein the first cavity exposes the reference hole;

performing wet etching on the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer around the suspended part from the reference hole on one side of the first cavity, and forming a second cavity between the polycrystalline silicon reference layer and the silicon nitride layer;

and the suspended part of the polycrystalline silicon diaphragm layer is suspended in the second cavity.

Optionally, the second sacrificial layer comprises a second phosphosilicate glass layer and a third phosphosilicate glass layer;

depositing and forming the second phosphorosilicate glass layer on the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer;

wet etching is carried out on the second phosphorosilicate glass layer to form a groove communicated with the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer, the position of the groove corresponds to the position of the suspended portion, and a polycrystalline silicon supporting column is formed on the groove in a deposition mode;

depositing the third phosphosilicate glass layer on the second phosphosilicate glass layer;

the silicon nitride layer is formed on the third phosphosilicate glass layer.

Optionally, performing dry etching on the third phosphosilicate glass layer to form a groove corresponding to the position of the polysilicon support column;

and the silicon nitride layer formed on the third phosphorosilicate glass layer is embedded into the groove of the third phosphorosilicate glass layer.

Optionally, the third phosphosilicate glass layer has a thickness of 2 microns.

Optionally, the first sacrificial layer comprises a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer and a first phosphosilicate glass layer;

depositing and forming a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon reference layer and in the reference hole, wherein the thickness of the silicon dioxide sacrificial layer is 1 micron;

performing wet etching on the silicon dioxide sacrifice layer on the polycrystalline silicon reference layer, and forming a groove on the silicon dioxide sacrifice layer;

depositing a first phosphorosilicate glass layer on the silicon dioxide sacrificial layer, wherein a groove is formed in the first phosphorosilicate glass layer at the position, corresponding to the groove of the silicon dioxide sacrificial layer, the thickness of the first phosphorosilicate glass layer is 5 micrometers, and the mass percentage of phosphorus is 5 wt%;

the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer formed on the first phosphorosilicate glass layer is embedded into the groove of the first phosphorosilicate glass layer to form a vibration film salient point;

and after the second cavity is formed by etching, an avoiding gap is formed between the vibrating diaphragm salient point and the polycrystalline silicon reference layer.

Optionally, the dry etching is Reactive Ion Etching (RIE).

Optionally, forming the polysilicon reference layer using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD);

and/or forming the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer by using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD).

Optionally, the thickness of the polysilicon reference layer is 0.5 microns;

and/or the thickness of the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is 1 micron.

Optionally, before depositing and forming the polysilicon reference layer, depositing and forming a silicon dioxide protective layer on the substrate, and directly depositing and forming the polysilicon reference layer on the silicon dioxide protective layer;

in the process of forming the first cavity, the substrate is etched by Reactive Ion Etching (RIE), and the silicon dioxide protective layer is etched by wet etching.

Optionally, the thickness of the silicon dioxide protective layer is 0.5 microns.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a MEMS microphone, which is manufactured by the above processing method;

the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is provided with a connecting end and a suspension portion, the connecting end is fixed between the polycrystalline silicon reference layer and the silicon nitride layer, and the suspension portion is suspended between the silicon nitride layer and the polycrystalline silicon reference layer.

Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional schematic view of a MEMS microphone provided by the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a reference layer and a first sacrificial layer formed on a substrate in a processing method provided by the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic side cross-sectional view illustrating a polysilicon diaphragm layer and a second sacrificial layer formed on a first sacrificial layer in a processing method provided by the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic side cross-sectional view illustrating a polysilicon supporting pillar and a second sacrificial layer formed on a polysilicon diaphragm layer in the processing method provided by the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a silicon nitride layer formed on a second sacrificial layer in a processing method provided by the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.

The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.

In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a technical solution for processing a MEMS microphone is provided. According to the technical scheme, the polycrystalline silicon reference layer 2 is arranged on the stacked semiconductor material, and the polycrystalline silicon reference layer 2 is used as an initial reference for etching the internal cavity of the MEMS microphone. By the design mode, the etching depth and the etching range of the cavity etching process can be effectively controlled, and the size accuracy of the cavity in the MEMS microphone is improved. Fig. 1 shows the structure of a MEMS microphone manufactured by the present embodiment.

In the MEMS processing method of the present embodiment, a polysilicon reference layer 2 is deposited on a substrate 1, as shown in fig. 2. The substrate 1 can be a silicon substrate 1, and the substrate 1 is conveniently etched by wet etching to form a cavity. The polycrystalline silicon reference layer 2 is used as an etching reference point in the processing process of etching to form a cavity. The wet etching process is usually performed by using etching solutions, and the wet etching can show etching selectivity to different materials due to different types of etching solutions and different conditions of the etching process.

The polycrystalline silicon reference layer is made of polycrystalline silicon materials, is not influenced by a wet etching process, and cannot be removed by etching in the wet etching process. Therefore, the method can be used as an etching reference in the wet etching process, and is convenient for controlling the requirements of the visible depth, the width and the like of the wet etching process.

Optionally, a polysilicon reference layer may be formed by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD) process, such that the polysilicon reference layer 2 has a compact and complete structure and can fully perform the function of an etching reference in a wet etching process, optionally, the thickness of the polysilicon reference layer 2 is 0.5 microns, when the thickness of the polysilicon reference layer 2 is the above-mentioned size, on the one hand, the influence on the overall thickness size of the MEMS microphone device is small, and on the other hand, the structural stability and the corrosion-resistant isolation effect of the polysilicon reference layer 2 with the thickness of 0.5 microns can meet the requirement of serving as the reference position of the wet etching chamber.

After the formation of the polysilicon reference layer 2, the polysilicon reference layer 2 is subjected to dry etching on one side thereof, i.e., on the upper side as shown in fig. 2, thereby forming a reference hole 21 on the polysilicon reference layer 2 by etching. The reference hole 21 is used as an initial hole for wet etching liquid to spread and etch towards the inside of the MEMS device in subsequent processing. The device can play the roles of controlling the introduction speed and the introduction amount of the etching liquid and accurately limiting the introduction position. As described above, the polysilicon reference layer 2 is difficult to be etched by the wet etching process, and thus the etching process of the reference hole 21 is performed by the dry etching process.

Alternatively, the polysilicon reference layer 2 may be etched using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) to form the reference hole 21 in the middle region. The position of the reference hole 21 is located at the middle position in the width direction of the substrate 1, so that in the subsequent wet etching process, the etching liquid can be uniformly corroded to the surrounding area from the reference hole 21. For the etching of the reference hole 21, the polysilicon reference layer 2 needs to be completely etched in the thickness direction, so as to form the reference hole 21 penetrating through the polysilicon reference layer 2. So that the subsequent wet etching liquid can pass through.

After forming the reference hole 21, a first sacrificial layer 31 may be deposited on the polysilicon reference layer 2. The first sacrificial layer 31 is etched away a large portion in a final wet etching process to form a cavity. In addition, by doping specific elements in the sacrificial layer, the performances of structures such as a diaphragm and the like can be improved, and the acoustic performance of the MEMS microphone is improved. The first sacrificial layer 31 may be formed by combining a plurality of stacked material layers depending on different structural and performance requirements. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the first sacrificial layer 31 includes a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer 32 and a first phosphosilicate glass layer 31. In other embodiments, the first sacrificial layer 31 may also include other material layers.

Further, a polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is deposited on the first sacrificial layer 31, as shown in fig. 4. The polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is used as a diaphragm in the MEMS microphone and can be reserved in a subsequent wet etching process. The sacrificial layer around the membrane is etched away, so that a cavity is formed around the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 for the polysilicon diaphragm to vibrate. The vibration film layer is made of polycrystalline silicon, so that the vibration film layer can be prevented from being etched in a subsequent wet etching process. The polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 has a connection end 41 and a suspended portion 42, and the suspended portion 42 forms a suspended diaphragm suspended in the MEMS microphone period after subsequent wet etching processing, and is used for responding to sound vibration. The connecting end 41 forms a fixed connection with other structures, so that the connection stability of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is ensured.

Optionally, the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is formed by a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD) process, and the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 with a thickness of 1 micrometer and 1 micrometer can simultaneously exhibit good vibration performance under the condition that the diaphragm can bear the pressure of sound vibration, so that the acoustic performance of the MEMS microphone is improved, and the distortion of sound signals is reduced.

Further, a second sacrificial layer is deposited on the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4, and the second sacrificial layer is connected with the first sacrificial layer 31 at the periphery of the suspended portion 42. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second sacrificial layer comprises a three-layer structure, namely a second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 and a third phosphosilicate glass layer. Wherein the third phosphosilicate glass layer comprises a two-layer structure. In other embodiments, the second sacrificial layer may also comprise other materials and laminated structures.

Similar to the first sacrificial layer 31, most of the structure of the second sacrificial layer is etched away in the subsequent wet etching process, so that the upper region of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is hollowed out to form a cavity. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the second sacrificial layer is connected to the first sacrificial layer 31 at the rightmost side of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4, and this portion of the second sacrificial layer directly covers the first sacrificial layer 31. Most of the structure of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 extending to the right side except for the leftmost connecting end 41 is a suspended portion 42.

Further, a silicon nitride layer 7 is deposited on the second sacrificial layer. The silicon nitride layer 7 serves as a packaging shell structure of the MEMS microphone, which is retained in a subsequent wet etching process. The silicon nitride will not be affected by the wet etching process. Alternatively, the silicon nitride layer 7 may be formed by using a pressurized chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which may increase the material compactness of the silicon nitride layer 7 as a package case, and ensure the structural reliability of the MEMS microphone. Fig. 4 shows a structure in which the second sacrificial layer is covered with a silicon nitride layer 7.

Alternatively, the silicon nitride layer 7 may have a back electrode or the like formed therein as an electrode, which may be formed by etching the silicon nitride layer 7 to form a groove and then depositing a conductive material in the groove.

Thereafter, the substrate 1 is etched from the side of the substrate 1, i.e. the lower side as shown in fig. 5, to form a first cavity 10 as shown in fig. 1. For the etching of the substrate 1, Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) may be used to etch the deposition, so that the substrate 1 has better etching effect and stronger directionality, and the size of the obtained first cavity 10 can meet the size requirement of the first cavity 10. Fig. 1 shows a first cavity 10 formed by etching.

Further, on one side of said first cavity 10, i.e. on the lower side of the reference layer 2 of polysilicon as shown in fig. 1. And performing wet etching on the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer from the reference hole 21, so as to etch most of the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer, that is, etch the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer around the suspended portion 42 of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4, thereby forming the second cavity 20. The second cavity 20 is located between the polysilicon reference layer 2 and the silicon nitride layer 7. The suspended portion 42 is suspended in the second cavity 20 by etching the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer. Only the fixed part of the polysilicon layer is connected with the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer which are not etched away, and the polysilicon layer is fixed at the position between the substrate 1 and the silicon nitride layer 7.

In the wet etching process for etching the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer, since the polysilicon reference layer 2 is not affected by the applied etching, only the etching liquid spreading to the reference hole 21 of the polysilicon reference layer 2 can pass through the reference hole 21, like the first sacrificial layer 31 and the second sacrificial layer. By using the design of the reference hole, the initial position of the wet etching is accurately controlled. Further according to the characteristics of the wet etching process, the etching degree of the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer in the width direction and the thickness direction can be controlled by controlling the etching time. And further ensure that the shape and the size of the formed second cavity meet the performance requirements.

Generally, since the starting position for etching the second cavity is located inside the thickness direction of the substrate, it is difficult to etch the starting point of the wet etching in an accurate size and position. In the process of etching the substrate, because the etched substrate has a relatively deep thickness, some dimension errors are often generated, and if the position with the errors is used as the starting point of the wet etching, the error in the etching degree of the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer is larger, and the shape and the dimension of the second cavity are difficult to meet the requirements. By adopting the technical scheme, the starting point of the wet etching process can be accurately controlled. When the polycrystalline silicon reference layer is subjected to dry etching, the polycrystalline silicon reference layer with a relatively thin thickness can be accurately etched to form the reference hole, so that the accurate wet etching starting point position is provided.

Alternatively, the second sacrificial layer may include a second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 and a third phosphosilicate glass layer, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein the third phosphosilicate glass layer may further comprise a first layer 62 and a second layer 63. In this embodiment, by using a multilayer structure for the second sacrificial layer, on the one hand, the requirements of different doping elements can be met, and on the other hand, the formation of other components in the MEMS microphone through the sacrificial layer can be facilitated.

For the second sacrificial layer, a second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 may be first formed on the polysilicon diaphragm layer using pressurized chemical vapor deposition. After the patterning process, annealing process may be used to release the stress of the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61, thereby improving the doping effect. The second sacrificial layer can dope elements such as phosphorus and the like into the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer, and the performance of the polycrystalline silicon vibration film layer is improved.

Optionally, the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 may be wet etched to form a groove communicating with the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4, as shown in fig. 3. The position of the recess corresponds to the position of the suspended portion 42. Then, a polysilicon layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm is formed on the groove by low pressure chemical vapor deposition, and then a polysilicon support pillar 5 in a pi shape is formed by reactive ion etching, and the polysilicon support pillar 5 is positioned on the suspended portion 42.

The polycrystalline silicon supporting column can play a role in stabilizing the diaphragm when the MEMS microphone works. For example, when the MEMS microphone is started, a bias voltage is applied to the electrode disposed in the silicon nitride layer and the polysilicon diaphragm layer, so that the polysilicon diaphragm is upwardly close to the silicon nitride layer. At the moment, the polysilicon supporting column can be propped against the silicon nitride layer, so that a part of the suspended part can form a top stop through the polysilicon supporting column and the silicon nitride layer, and the suspended part is stabilized. And the positions of the support columns are not arranged on the suspended part, so that corresponding vibration can be generated according to sound vibration, and the function of the microphone is realized.

Preferably, the groove of the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 is formed at a position corresponding to the edge of the suspended portion so that the polysilicon supporting column can be formed at the edge of the suspended portion 42. Thus, the acoustic performance is improved by leaving the center region of the suspended portion 42 as a region where the sound can be received by vibration.

Optionally, after the polysilicon supporting pillar is formed, a third phosphosilicate glass layer is formed on the polysilicon supporting pillar and the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61. The third phosphosilicate glass layer may have a thickness of 2 microns. The third phosphosilicate glass layer covers the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 and the polysilicon support pillars 5 thereunder. The silicon nitride layer 7 is again formed on the third phosphosilicate glass layer, as shown in fig. 4. The formation of the third phosphosilicate glass layer enables on the one hand the elemental doping of the silicon nitride layer 7 and on the other hand the separation of the polysilicon support pillars 5 from said silicon nitride layer 7 in order to form the second cavities 20.

Optionally, a groove may be formed on the third phosphosilicate glass layer by dry etching, and the position of the groove corresponds to the position of the polysilicon supporting column 5. Further, the silicon nitride layer 7 is allowed to form a first land 76 embedded in the groove, as shown in fig. 5. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the first boss 76 corresponds to the polysilicon supporting pillar 5, and when the MEMS microphone is in operation and a bias voltage is applied to the polar plate and the polysilicon diaphragm, the polysilicon supporting pillar 5 and the first boss 76 can form a top stop, so as to stabilize the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4.

Optionally, the third phosphosilicate glass layer includes a first layer 62 and a second layer 63. The first layer 62 is deposited on the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 by pressurized chemical vapor deposition. Thereafter, the first layer 62 may be etched by dry etching first to form a groove communicating with the polysilicon support pillar 5. The thickness of the first layer 62 may be 1.5 microns. Thereafter, a second layer 63 is formed on the first layer 62 by pressure chemical vapor deposition, and a portion thereof is embedded in the groove. The thickness of the second layer 63 may be 0.5 microns. Thereafter, a silicon nitride layer 7 is deposited on the second layer 63. Thus, the first boss 76 on the silicon nitride layer 7 can form a gap with the polysilicon support pillar 5, and corresponds to the position of the polysilicon support pillar 5.

Alternatively, the first sacrificial layer 31 may comprise a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer 32 and a first phosphosilicate glass layer 31. The silica glass layer is formed in the reference hole 21 and on the reference layer by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The sacrificial silicon dioxide layer 32 may have a thickness of 1 micron. As shown in fig. 2.

And carrying out wet etching on the silicon dioxide layer on the reference layer so as to form a groove on the silicon dioxide layer. Further, a first phosphosilicate glass layer 31 is deposited on the sacrificial layer of silicon dioxide 32. The first phosphosilicate glass layer 31 can be embedded in the groove of the sacrificial silicon dioxide layer 32 and form a groove, as shown in FIG. 2.

Optionally, the thickness of the first phosphosilicate glass layer 31 is 5 micrometers, and the phosphorus content therein is 5 wt%. The first phosphosilicate glass layer 31 may be used to dope the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 with phosphorus, so as to improve the acoustic performance of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4.

A polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is formed on the first phosphosilicate glass layer 31, and a part of the structure of the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 is embedded into the groove to form a diaphragm bump 43, as shown in fig. 3. After the second cavity 20 is formed by etching, a relief gap 44 is formed between the diaphragm bump 43 and the polysilicon reference layer 2, as shown in fig. 1. The diaphragm bumps 43 are used for reducing the possibility of adhesion between the polysilicon diaphragm and the polysilicon reference layer 2. In particular, as shown in fig. 1, the avoiding gap 44 enables air to flow between the first cavity 10 and the second cavity 20 on both sides of the polysilicon diaphragm, so as to reduce the problem that the air pressure is unbalanced and the acoustic performance is affected due to the difficulty in air flow flowing between the first cavity 10 and the second cavity when the MEMS microphone actually works.

Alternatively, for the substrate 1, the polysilicon reference layer 2 and the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 which need to be formed into a specific shape by dry etching, Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) can be used to implement the dry etching. The etching size precision of the etching mode is high, and the size precision of the structure can be improved.

Optionally, the polysilicon reference layer 2 and/or the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 can be formed by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD), and the deposition mode can form a polysilicon material with moderate thickness and material compactness, so that the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 can realize good acoustic performance.

Alternatively, the phosphosilicate glass layer, the silicon nitride layer, may be formed using pressurized chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The deposition mode can form a more compact material layer, which is beneficial to improving the structural strength of the material layer and improving the effect of the material layer on doping other realization elements.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, a silicon dioxide protective layer 11 may also be deposited on the substrate before the polysilicon reference layer 2 is deposited. The polysilicon reference layer 2 is formed on a silicon dioxide protective layer 11. When the silicon dioxide protection layer 11, the polysilicon reference layer 2 and the substrate 1 need to be etched, the etching processes adopted by the polysilicon reference layer 2 and the other two layers are different, that is, different etching processes have selectivity to the etching of the material layers. In this way, the substrate 1 and the polysilicon reference layer 2 can be protected by the silicon dioxide protective layer 11 from being protected by the selectivity of the etching process when it is not necessary to etch either.

For example, in the etching process for forming the first cavity 10, the substrate 1 is etched using dry etching. The dry etch does not affect the silicon dioxide protection layer 11 but does affect the polysilicon reference layer 2. By the action of the silicon dioxide protective layer 11, the dry etching is stopped when the top surface of the substrate 1 is etched, and the silicon dioxide protective layer 11 and the polysilicon reference layer 2 are not etched away. And etching the silicon dioxide protection layer 11 by wet etching, wherein the polysilicon reference layer 2 cannot be etched by the wet etching. The wet etching may etch the silicon dioxide and the first and second

sacrificial layers

31 and 21 above the reference hole. The polysilicon reference layer 2 and the reference hole 21 are used as the starting point of the wet etching for controlling the position and the size of the wet etching.

Optionally, the thickness of the silicon dioxide protection layer 11 may be 0.5 micrometers, and on the premise that the silicon dioxide protection layer can play a role in protection, the thickness is reduced as much as possible, so that the silicon dioxide protection layer is prevented from affecting the overall thickness of the MEMS microphone.

Optionally, after the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 is formed, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a groove may be etched in a position of the second phosphosilicate glass layer 61 corresponding to the connection end 41, and a polysilicon electrical connection post 81 formed by a polysilicon material may be deposited thereon. The polysilicon electric connection column 81 is in contact and electric connection with the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4.

Optionally, a bonding pad 8 can be formed on the polysilicon electrical connection column 81 for electrically connecting the MEMS microphone with an external device.

Alternatively, the silicon nitride layer 7 may include a first silicon nitride layer 71 and a second silicon nitride layer 72, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the first silicon nitride layer 71 may have a thickness of 1 micrometer, and the second silicon nitride layer 72 may have a thickness of 1.5 micrometers. The first silicon nitride layer 71 and the second silicon nitride layer 72 may be formed by pressurized chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), respectively. After the first silicon nitride layer 71 is formed, a plate metal 75 with a thickness of 0.5 μm may be formed thereon, and the plate metal 75 may be used as a back substrate in a MEMS microphone and may be used to attract the polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 after being energized.

Optionally, the silicon nitride layer 7 may also be formed with a through hole 74, as shown in fig. 1 and 5. The through-hole 74 may be formed by a dry etching process. The perforations 74 may on the one hand serve as pressure relief, sound outlet openings for the second cavity 20 in the product. On the other hand, the liquid inlet hole can be used as a liquid inlet hole when the second sacrificial layer is etched.

Alternatively, a second boss 73 may be formed on the inner wall of the silicon nitride layer 7 by forming a groove in the second sacrificial layer, as shown in fig. 1. The second boss 73 corresponds to a part of the polycrystalline silicon diaphragm layer 4 for receiving sound through vibration, and is used for preventing the polycrystalline silicon diaphragm layer 4 from being damaged due to direct impact with a silicon nitride layer due to overlarge amplitude in work.

On the other hand, the technical scheme also discloses an MEMS microphone manufactured by the processing method, as shown in FIG. 1. The polysilicon diaphragm layer 4 has a connection end 41 and a suspended portion 42, and the connection end 41 is fixed at a position between the polysilicon reference layer 2 and the silicon nitride layer 7. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the connection terminal 41 is fixed between the first sacrificial layer 31 and the silicon nitride, second sacrificial layer. The suspended portion 42 is suspended between the silicon nitride layer 7 and the polysilicon reference layer 2. The reference hole 21 of the polysilicon reference layer 2 serves as a sound inlet hole of the first cavity 10.

In the above embodiments, the differences between the embodiments are described in emphasis, and different optimization features between the embodiments can be combined to form a better embodiment as long as the differences are not contradictory, and further description is omitted here in consideration of brevity of the text.

Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A processing method of an MEMS microphone is characterized by comprising the following steps:

depositing a polysilicon reference layer over a substrate;

depositing a silicon nitride layer on the second sacrificial layer;

etching the substrate and the silicon dioxide protective layer from one side of the substrate to form a first cavity, wherein the first cavity exposes the reference hole;

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the second sacrificial layer comprises a second phosphosilicate glass layer and a third phosphosilicate glass layer;

the silicon nitride layer is formed on the third phosphosilicate glass layer.

3. The processing method according to claim 2, wherein the third phosphosilicate glass layer is subjected to dry etching to form a groove corresponding to the position of the polysilicon support pillar;

4. The process of claim 2, wherein the third phosphosilicate glass layer has a thickness of 2 microns.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the first sacrificial layer comprises a sacrificial layer of silicon dioxide and a first phosphosilicate glass layer;

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the dry etching is Reactive Ion Etching (RIE).

7. The process of claim 1 wherein said polysilicon reference layer is formed using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (L PCVD);

8. The process of claim 1 wherein the polysilicon reference layer has a thickness of 0.5 microns;

9. The process of claim 1, wherein prior to depositing the polysilicon reference layer, depositing a silicon dioxide protective layer on the substrate, depositing the polysilicon reference layer directly on the silicon dioxide protective layer;

10. The process of claim 9, wherein the protective layer of silicon dioxide has a thickness of 0.5 microns.

11. A MEMS microphone, wherein the MEMS microphone is manufactured by the process of any one of claims 1 to 10;