CN111543434A - Method for preventing and treating taro rotten taro skin disease - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a brand-new method for preventing and treating taro rot taro skin disease, which mainly adopts 42.8% fluobacter-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, and adds pyrethrum extract to carry out soil disinfection and planting. Taro treatment and root irrigation with liquid medicine can reduce the population density of Collembola feces on taro, so as to realize the prevention and treatment of rotten taro skin disease. The method of the invention can prevent and control the harm of Collembola feces on taro with higher efficiency, lower dosage and environmental protection, reduce the occurrence of rotten taro skin disease, ensure the interests of farmers, and have significant economic, social and ecological benefits. In addition, the present invention also discloses the use of a mixture of 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and pyrethrum extract to make a Collembola faecalis control agent for crops such as taro.

Description

A kind of method for preventing and treating taro rotten taro skin disease

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of plant disease and insect pest control, and in particular relates to a method for preventing and treating dung beetle on taro.

Background technique

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schoot) is referred to as "taro", commonly known as "taro". Native to my country, India, Malaysia and other tropical regions; monocotyledonous, Araceae, perennial herb. The leaves are oval, the petioles are long and hypertrophic, and the flowers are yellow-green; there are fleshy bulbs underground, which are rich in starch, edible and rich in nutrients. Its tubers contain 1.75-2.3% protein, 69.6-73.7% starch, 1.17-1.68% ash, 0.47-0.68% lipids, 0.059-0.169% calcium, 0.113-0.274% phosphorus, 0.0042-0.0050% iron and rich in vitamin B , B2 (ie riboflavin). "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" records that taro has the effect of widening the stomach and stomach, swallowing it for appetizers, opening the intestines and closing it, and smoothing the middle; taking it for a long time has the effect of nourishing the liver and kidney, and adding essence to the marrow.

Collembola is a hexapod of the order Collembola. It has no wings throughout its life. It has a dark gray body with a spring tail. Its body surface is oily, and it is not afraid of water. Collembola takes corrupt animal and plant remains, humus, bacteria and fungi as its main food, and can participate in soil material cycle, improve soil fertility, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and maintain soil biological communities. There are many species of springtails, and it is reported that the springtails that can harm commercial crops include green round jump (Sminthurus viridis), yellow star round jump (Bourletiellapruinosa), purple jump (Hypogastrura comunis), and spiny jump (Onychiurus sp.). Onychiurus fimeitayius is wet and rot-loving, and can be found in dark and humid places with humus. It can harm the underground tubers of commercial crops such as lily, gastrodia elata, and taro. In the past, it was only found in Suining, Hunan. Springworms harm taro. In August 2017, this harmful springtail was also found in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, which has serious damage to the underground bulbs of taro. After investigation, the damage can reach more than 40%, and the bulbs will continue to be harmed during the storage period, seriously affecting the yield and value of taro. . The taro that is harmed by Collembola faecalis has no obvious damage symptoms in the early stage of growth. When the taro plants are damaged in the middle stage of growth, the symptoms of yellowishness and dwarfness of the plant may appear. Under the environment of high temperature and high humidity, the damage of the taro is more obvious, and the stem is wilted and resistant to disease. The decline makes it easier for blight and anthracnose in the taro field to infect the plants, and promotes the whole taro plant to rot and the underground bulb part to rot. Collembola dungeum mainly harms the underground bulb of taro. The adults eat the surface of the bulb to form a hole. In severe cases, the taro rots and is hollowed out by the gnawing, with no edible part, and completely loses its ability to grow. Taro farmers call this serious disease as The disease of "rotten taro skin" and "rotten taro skin" spreads rapidly and becomes more and more serious. "Rotten taro skin" not only affects the yield, but also seriously affects the appearance and quality of the taro.

"The Occurrence Characteristics and Control Technology of Collembola taro" (China Plant Protection Guide, 2005(8): 19-20) mentioned that phoxim and beta-cypermethrin can be used to prevent and control the harm of Collembola faecalis in taro, phoxim and cypermethrin. Phosphorus and beta-cypermethrin, as broad-spectrum pesticides, have high toxicity, cause great harm to the environment, and easily make crop pests resistant to pesticides. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a more efficient, lower dosage and more environmentally friendly method for preventing and controlling Collembola feces on taro.

42.8% Fluorobacteria·Trioxystrobin suspending agent (Lunasen) is a high-efficiency fungicide, which is a compound of fluopyram and trioxystrobin, which can inhibit fungal spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial growth. and sporulation, no cross-resistance with other fungicides or even fungicides with the same mechanism of action. 42.8% Fluorobacteria·Tristrobin suspending agent has outstanding control effect on cucumber target spot, tomato leaf mold, watermelon blight, pepper anthracnose and other diseases.

41.7% Fluopyram suspending agent (Lufuda) is a nematicide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low dosage. It can effectively solve the troubles caused by nematodes to farmers and help farmers produce higher quality, Higher yield fruit and vegetable products.

Pyrethrum is a perennial herb of the genus Chrysanthemum. The inflorescence contains pyrethrin, jaceeidin, apigenin, luteolin, stilbene-7-galacturonate methyl ether, apigenin-7-glucuronic acid, Sesquiterpene lactones: [Tatridin A (tatridinA), Taridin B (taridinB), (llR)-ll, 13 dihydrotatridin A (llR)-11, 13-dihydrotatridin-A], etc., Pyrethrum (Chryaanthemumcinerariaefotiumvis) whole plant is used as medicine powder, which can be used to treat mange in vitro, and also used as cut flowers and flower borders for viewing.

At present, there is no relevant information on the use of 42.8% fluobacter-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, and the addition of pyrethrum extract, for driving off springtails on taro and preventing and controlling taro skin disease report.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a more efficient, lower dosage, and more environmentally friendly method for preventing and controlling Collembola fecalis on taro, to reduce the occurrence of rotten taro skin disease, and the method comprises the following steps:

1) Before planting, use 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, add pyrethrum extract, and spray on the ground for soil disinfection;

2) Using 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, and adding pyrethrum extract, soaking the seed taro, draining the potion and sowing;

3) During the emergence or growth period of taro, use 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, add pyrethrum extract, and irrigate the roots.

Regarding the choice of planting soil, taro should be cultivated in fields without insect sources, and decomposed organic fertilizers should be used to control the entry of insect sources into the field, and reduce the humidity in the field, which will create an unfavorable environment for the living of the collembola, and the field should be ditched and drained.

Regarding the selection of seed taro, the taro bulbs that have not occurred in the field of dung beetle should be selected as seed taro, and early taro varieties should be planted as much as possible, so as to miss the re-occurrence period of collembola; After frost and sun exposure, the nymphs of Collembola dunge are dead, and then they are stored for storage. It is best not to let the taro bulbs for planting spend the winter in the ground.

The method can also use taro and rice for crop rotation. Reasonable crop rotation can reduce the number of insect sources in the field, and effectively prevent and control Collembola feces.

Further, the dilution concentration of the 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent is 2000 times.

Further, the dilution concentration of the 41.7% fluopyram suspension agent is 5000 times.

Further, the dilution factor of the pyrethrum extract is 1000 times.

Further, step 3) described medicinal liquid irrigation root, the medicinal liquid amount used is 450 kilograms per mu or 200ml per plant.

Further, the described medicinal liquid root irrigation time in step 3) is twice a year, the first time is the taro seedling stage, and the second time is the 4-5 leaf stage of taro (before the taro is sealed).

Further, described medicinal liquid root irrigation time is mid-April for the first time, and early June for the second time. Continued use of the drug is not recommended after mid-July.

On the other hand, the present invention also provides the use of a mixture as a control agent for Collembola faecalis on crops, the mixture comprising 42.8% 2,000-fold solution of fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspension agent and 1,000-fold solution of pyrethrum extract.

Due to the control effect of 42.8% Fluorobacillus trioxystrobin suspending agent and pyrethrum extract on Collembola faecalis, 42.8% Fluorobacillus teritrilobutanil suspending agent and pyrethrum extract can also be used for Collembola faecalis on various crops control, such as lily, gastrodia elata, taro and other cash crops with underground tubers.

Further, the crop is taro.

In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides the use of a mixture as a control agent for Collembola dungae on crops, the mixture comprising a 41.7% fluopyram suspension agent 5000 times and a pyrethrum extract 1000 times.

Due to the control effect of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent on Collembola faecalis, 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent can also be used for the control of Collembola faecalis on various crops, such as lily, gastrodia elata, taro, etc. Cash crops of the underground tuber part.

Further, the crop is taro.

The present invention provides a brand-new method for preventing and controlling Collembola faecalis on taro, which mainly adopts 42.8% fluobacter-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, and adds pyrethrum extract to carry out soil disinfection , seed taro treatment and root irrigation with medicinal liquid, and reasonable rotation of taro and rice can be carried out to reduce the number of insect sources in the field, so as to realize the prevention and control of taro rotten taro skin disease. The method of the invention can prevent and control the harm of Collembola feces on taro with higher efficiency, lower dosage and environmental protection, reduce the occurrence of rotten taro skin disease, ensure the interests of farmers, and have significant economic, social and ecological benefits. In addition, the present invention also discloses the use of a mixture of 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and pyrethrum extract to make a Collembola faecalis control agent for crops such as taro.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, but do not have any limiting effect on it.

Example 1 Selection of the dilution ratio of 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent

In this example, 42.8% fluobacterial·trioxystrobin suspending agent (Lunasen, Bayer Crop Technology Co., Ltd.) and 1000 times liquid of pyrethrum extract were used as the control agent of taro collembola, 42.8% fluobacterial·trioxystrobin The dilution ratios of the suspending agent were 500 times, 1000 times, 1500 times, 2000 times, 2500 times and 3000 times, respectively, and clear water was used as a control; the test site was the soil that had been harmed by Collembola faecalis in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province.

The preparation method of pyrethrum extract is as follows: take pyrethrum petals, pulverize, weigh 1 g, add 6 ml of 100% n-hexane-ethanol solution, extract under reduced pressure at 40° C., and filter to obtain an extract, wherein the pressure is 70 kPa.

Before planting, 42.8% Fluorobacterial·Tristrobin suspending agent and 1000 times solution of pyrethrum extract were sprayed on the ground for soil disinfection with different dilution ratios; Seed taro was soaked in 1000 times liquid of the extract, drained and sown. During the emergence or growth period of taro, the roots were irrigated with 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent and 1000 times liquid of pyrethrum extract with different dilution times, and the water consumption per mu was about 450 kg, water consumption per plant is about 200ml, the first time to irrigate the roots in mid-April at the emergence stage of taro, to drive off the dung beetles, and the second time to irrigate the roots at the 4-5 leaf stage in early June (before the taro is sealed) , In early August, a disease and insect pest survey was conducted on the underground bulbs of taro. During the experiment, clean water was used as the control. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Influence of different dilution ratios of 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent

As can be seen from Table 1, using the 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent with a dilution factor of less than 2000 times, all can 100% prevent and control the harm of Collembola fecalis to the underground tubers of taro, from the aspects of environmental protection and cost, preferably 42.8% The dilution ratio of fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent is 2000 times.

Example 2 Selection of dilution ratio of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent

In this example, 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent (Roofuda, Bayer Crop Science Company) and 1000 times of pyrethrum extract were used as the control agent for taro collembola, and the dilution times of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent were respectively It is 3000 times, 3500 times, 4000 times, 4500 times, 5000 times, 5500 times, and 6000 times, and clear water is used as the control;

The preparation method of pyrethrum extract is as follows: take pyrethrum petals, pulverize, weigh 1 g, add 6 ml of 100% n-hexane-ethanol solution, extract under reduced pressure at 40° C., and filter to obtain an extract, wherein the pressure is 70 kPa.

Before planting, 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and 1000 times pyrethrum extract were sprayed on the ground with different dilution ratios for soil disinfection; 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and 1000 times pyrethrum extract were used for seed soaking respectively. Taro, drain the potion and sow; taro seedling or growth period, use 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and pyrethrum extract 1000 times with different dilution ratios to irrigate the roots, the water consumption per mu is about 450 kg, and the water consumption per plant is about 200 ml , in mid-April, irrigate the roots for the first time at the seedling stage of the taro to drive away the dung beetle, perform the second root irrigation in the 4-5 leaf stage in early June (before the taro is sealed), and carry out pest and disease damage to the underground bulbs of taro in early August. investigation. During the experiment, clean water was used as the control. The test results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Effects of different dilution factors of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent

As can be seen from Table 1, the 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent with a dilution ratio of less than 5000 times can be used to prevent 100% of the harm of Collembola dungeensis to taro, reduce the occurrence of taro rot taro skin disease, from the aspects of environmental protection and cost. Considering that, the dilution ratio of the 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent is preferably 5000 times.

The comparison of the control effect of embodiment 3 different medicaments

The present embodiment is configured according to Table 3 respectively as shown in Table 3, and uses clear water as a control; the test site is the soil of Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, which has been harmed by Collembola faecalis. The main reagents tested are: 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent (Lufuda), 42.8% fluobacterial trioxystrobin suspending agent, 15% indoxacarb suspending agent (Biaoben), 25 g/liter bifenthrin Ester EC (Uranus), 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent (Kamat), 3.2% Abamectin EC (Noda Qingkuai).

The test method is the same as that in Example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Comparison of control effects of different chemicals

As can be seen from Table 3, comparing experimental groups 1 and 2, when there is no pyrethrum extract, the incidence rate is still 8.4%. After adding pyrethrum extract, it can 100% prevent and control the harm of Collembola faecalis to taro; Comparative experimental group 3 It can be seen from the same as 4, when there is no pyrethrum extract, the incidence rate is still 8.4%. After adding pyrethrum extract, it can 100% prevent and control the harm of Collembola feces to taro. It can be seen that the addition of pyrethrum extract can greatly improve the prevention and control. Effect; the incidence rate of experimental group 5, 6, 7, 8 is still higher, and its control effect is obviously inferior to that of group 1, 2, 3, and 4. Therefore, using 2000 times of 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 5000 times of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and adding 1000 times of pyrethrum extract are the most efficient reagents for Collembola faecalis. control agent.

Embodiment 4 The influence of the treatment technology of the present invention on the pesticide residues of taro

Similar to the treatment of the taro in Example 3, after the taro is mature, select the taro with normal shape, basically uniform size, and no obvious cracks and rot to carry out pesticide residue detection. The pesticide residues of fluopyram, trichostrobin and abamectin were determined according to the methods specified in GB/T20769-2008, and the pesticide residues of bifenthrin were determined according to the methods specified in GB 23200.9-2016.

Table 4 Effects of different fungicides on pesticide residues in taro underground tubers (mg/kg)

As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the taro treatment technology of the present invention can not only effectively reduce the number of insect sources in the taro field block, reduce the occurrence of taro rotten taro skin disease, and does not detect in the underground tubers of the taro harvest period. The pesticides used, such as fluopyram and tristrobin, conform to the National Standard of the People's Republic of China-Determination of 450 pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruits and vegetables GB/T20769-2008 and the National Standard of the People's Republic of China-Food Determination of 475 pesticides and related chemicals residues in grains of national safety standards GB/T20769-2008.

Embodiment 5 The influence of the treatment technology of the present invention on the safety of taro

The taro is treated with the treatment technology of the invention, and after the taro is mature, the taro with normal shape, basically uniform size, and no obvious cracks and rot is selected for safety detection. Testing methods: The determination of lead in food is performed according to the method specified in GB/T5009.12, the determination of cadmium in food is performed according to the method specified in GB/T 5009.15, and the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in food is performed according to GB/T 5009.20 The test is carried out according to the specified method, the determination of phoxim pesticide residues in plant food is carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 5009.102, and the determination of cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin residues in plant food is carried out according to GB /T 5009.110 for testing, determination of triazolone residues in plant foods according to GB/T 5009.162 for testing, and determination of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in vegetables and fruits according to GB/T 5009.188 test according to the specified method.

Table 5 processing technology of the present invention detects the results of the safety of taro

As can be seen from the results in Table 5, the treatment technology of the present invention has better safety in the implementation of taro field block, and heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are not detected in the taro treated, nor dimethoate, Highly toxic pesticides such as trichlorfon, phoxim, fenvalerate, triazolone and carbendazim, conform to the agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China, pollution-free food taro NY 5251-2004, which is highly safe and can be eaten directly .

From the above, the present application discloses a treatment method during the growth of taro, the treatment method has a good inhibitory effect on the rotten taro skin disease of taro. It reduces the occurrence of rotten taro skin disease, improves the quality of taro from the source, reduces the chance of disease caused by pests eating, and has the advantages of high safety and no pesticide residues, which not only ensures the food safety of taro, but also Provided technical support for the pollution-free production of taro.

Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a method for preventing and treating rotten taro skin disease of taro, reducing the population density of Collembola dungeensis on the taro, it is characterized in that, described method may further comprise the steps: 1) Before planting, use 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, add pyrethrum extract, and spray on the ground for soil disinfection; 2) Using 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, and adding pyrethrum extract, soaking the seed taro, draining the potion and sowing; 3) During the emergence or growth period of taro, use 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent or 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent, add pyrethrum extract, and irrigate the roots. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dilution ratio of the 42.8% fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent is 2000 times. 3 . 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dilution ratio of the 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent is 5000 times. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the dilution ratio of the pyrethrum extract is 1000 times. 5. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, step 3) described medicinal liquid irrigates root, and the medicinal liquid amount used is 450 kilograms per mu or 200ml per plant. 6. according to the method described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, step 3) described medicinal liquid root irrigation time is twice a year, the first time is the seedling stage of taro, and the second time is taro 4-5 leaf stage. 7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described medicinal liquid root irrigation time is mid-April for the first time, and the second time is early June. 8. Use of a mixture as a control agent for Collembola faecalis on crops, characterized in that the mixture comprises a 42.8% solution of 2000-fold solution of fluobacterial-trioxystrobin suspending agent and 1,000-fold solution of pyrethrum extract. 9. Use of a mixture as a control agent for Collembola faecalis on crops, characterized in that the mixture comprises 5000 times the 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent and 1000 times the pyrethrum extract. 10. purposes according to claim 8 or 9, is characterized in that, described crop is taro.