CN111578994A - Real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment, including a monitoring module, a flight module and a remote monitoring center, wherein the monitoring module includes several sensor nodes and several convergence nodes, and the sensor nodes are laid on the monitored Each position of the forest is used to obtain the environmental data of each position of the monitored forest, and the convergence node is used to collect the environmental data and send it to the flight module; the flight module includes at least one drone, which is used to The environmental data is transmitted to the remote monitoring center. The real-time monitoring system and method of the present invention are based on unmanned aerial vehicles, and can transmit data collected at various positions of the monitored forest to a remote monitoring center, thereby realizing remote monitoring and management of the forest ecological environment.

Description

A real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular relates to a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment.

Background technique

The concept of "environmental monitoring" was originally developed with the development of the nuclear industry. Due to the threat of radioactive substances to people and the surrounding environment, people are forced to monitor nuclear facilities, measure their strength, and alert them at any time. Nowadays, industry and science are developing rapidly in my country, and the environmental monitoring work has gradually developed from the monitoring of industrial pollution to the monitoring of the overall environment. That is to say, my country's environmental monitoring is not only monitoring industrial pollution, but also monitoring pollution caused by biological and ecological changes.

In forest environmental monitoring, the commonly used methods are to send forestry personnel to patrol the forest area, artificial observation of watchtowers and "3S" technology (geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and global positioning system (GPS)). Although the manual inspection and watch tower methods are simple and easy to implement, they require a lot of financial, material and labor resources, and there are many unfavorable factors such as the subjective carelessness of forestry personnel, the inability to monitor in real time, and the limited coverage. "3S" technology realizes real-time forest monitoring and rapid collection and processing of forest resource information to a certain extent, providing early warning information and strong decision support for forest fire prevention. However, there are still many problems in this type of monitoring method. For example, data source and accuracy have always been a bottleneck for GPS technology to solve resource and environmental problems. Satellite remote sensing images are not very real-time. The influence of factors such as satellite off-orbit phenomenon leads to low accuracy of fire point positioning, and there are phenomena of missed judgment and misjudgment. These problems reduce the forest environment monitoring effect of "3S" technology. It can be seen that "3S" technology is suitable for macroscopic monitoring of forests, but not useful for microscopic monitoring of forests and collection of forest disaster on-site information. This is mainly because the images obtained by devices such as satellites or cameras reflect fire, smoke, etc., but cannot obtain on-site conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

One aspect of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment, including a monitoring module, a flight module and a remote monitoring center, wherein,

The monitoring module includes a number of sensor nodes and a number of convergence nodes, the sensor nodes are laid in various positions of the monitored forest, and are used to obtain environmental data at various positions of the monitored forest, and the convergence nodes are used to collect the environmental data and send it. to the flight module;

The flight module includes at least one drone for transmitting the environmental data to the remote monitoring center.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor node includes a main control chip and a GPS unit, a wind speed sensor, a dust sensor, an air pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor connected to the main control chip, wherein,

The GPS unit is used to obtain the location information of the sensor node;

The wind speed sensor, the dust sensor, the air pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively used to collect wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current location;

The main control chip is configured to send the location information, the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data to the sink node together.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the UAV includes a communication unit, a data storage unit, a data processing unit and an image and video acquisition unit, wherein,

the communication unit is configured to receive the location information and the environmental data from the monitoring module;

The data storage unit is used for storing the location information and the environment data;

The data processing unit is used to determine whether there is abnormal data in the environmental data;

The image and video acquisition unit is configured to, when abnormal data exists, perform image or video acquisition on the area where the abnormal data is obtained, to obtain image and video data;

The communication unit is also used for sending the environmental data, the location information and the image and video data to the remote monitoring center.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the communication unit includes a cellular network communication subunit and an IoT communication subunit, wherein the cellular network communication subunit is used for data communication with the remote monitoring center, and the IoT communication subunit is used for data communication with the remote monitoring center. The network communication subunit is used for data communication with the monitoring module.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the data processing unit includes a threshold setting subunit and a comparison subunit, wherein,

The threshold setting subunit is used to preset safety thresholds of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;

The comparison subunit is configured to compare the collected wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data, and the humidity data with the corresponding safety thresholds, and report them to the abnormal data when abnormal data is obtained. The image and video capture unit sends out an image and video capture instruction.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor node further includes a solar power supply unit, and the output ends of the solar power supply module are respectively connected to the main control chip, the GPS unit, the wind speed sensor, the dust sensor, the air pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the solar power supply unit includes a solar panel S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, Transistor VT2, diode VD, transformer T, rectifier bridge Q and battery E, among which,

The first end of the solar cell panel S is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, The second end of the solar panel S is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, the emitter of the triode VT1, the first end of the resistor R4, the collector of the triode VT2 and the transformer T. The first end of the coil L2 is grounded;

The second end of the coil L1 is respectively connected to the second end of the resistor R2 and the collector of the triode VT2, and the base of the triode VT2 is respectively connected to the second end of the resistor R1, the resistor R3 The first end of the transistor VT1 is connected to the collector of the transistor VT1, the base of the transistor VT1 is respectively connected to the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, and the second end of the diode VD is respectively It is connected with the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6, and the second end of the resistor R5 is respectively connected with the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the the positive connection of the battery E;

The second end of the resistor R6 is respectively connected with the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the battery E, and the pin 1 and the pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are respectively connected. are respectively connected to both ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the coil L2 connect.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage battery E is a lithium battery.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring method for a forest ecological environment, which is performed by using the real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment described in any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes:

S1: Obtain the location information and environmental data of each location of the monitored forest;

S2: Obtain the location information and the environmental data by using the IoT communication sub-unit on the drone;

S3: Use the data processing unit on the UAV to judge whether the obtained environmental data is within the safety threshold, and obtain the location information of the area where the abnormal data is located;

S4: Use the image and video acquisition unit on the acquisition drone to collect image and video information of the area where the abnormal data is located;

S5: Send the location information, the environmental data and the image and video information to the remote monitoring center by using the cellular network communication sub-unit on the drone.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the S3 includes:

Presetting safety thresholds for the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;

Compare the collected wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data with the corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and send the data to the image and video collection unit when abnormal data is obtained Image video capture instructions.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment according to the present invention is based on unmanned aerial vehicle, which can transmit the data collected at various positions of the monitored forest to the remote monitoring center, thereby realizing remote monitoring and management of forest ecological environment.

2. The real-time monitoring system and method of the present invention can judge the data uploaded at different positions in the monitored forest. When abnormal data that is not within the threshold range appears in the current data, the image and video acquisition unit mounted on the UAV can detect abnormal uploads. The area of data is collected by image or video and transmitted to the remote monitoring center, so that the actual situation of the current area can be viewed through the captured image or video data.

3. The real-time monitoring system uses solar panels to charge the sensor nodes after the DC voltage is converted into a stable voltage by the circuit. The circuit structure is simple, and because no chips are used, it is safe and stable, with strong anti-interference, and will not Treat rechargeable batteries for damage.

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

1 is an overall module diagram of a real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a structural diagram of a real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor node provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a circuit structure diagram of a solar power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a real-time monitoring method for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, a real-time monitoring system and method for forest ecological environment according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The foregoing and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention can be clearly presented in the following detailed description of the specific implementation with the accompanying drawings. Through the description of the specific embodiments, the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose can be more deeply and specifically understood. However, the accompanying drawings are only for reference and description, and are not used for the technical description of the present invention. program is restricted.

It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion, whereby an article or device comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the article or device that includes the element.

Example 1

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Structure diagram. The real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment in this embodiment includes a monitoring module 1, a flight module 2 and a remote monitoring center 3, wherein the monitoring module 1 includes several sensor nodes 11 and several aggregation nodes 12, and the sensor nodes 11 are laid on the monitored Each position of the forest is used to obtain the environmental data of each position of the monitored forest, and the aggregation node 12 is used to temporarily store the collected environmental data and send it to the flight module 2; the flight module 2 includes at least one drone 21 for Transmission of environmental data to remote monitoring center 3.

In practice, a plurality of sensor nodes 11 are evenly distributed in the forest to be monitored, and a sink node 12 is arranged at the center of several sensor nodes 11 . For example, 100 sensor nodes 11 can be evenly distributed in the forest area to be monitored to collect environments in different areas, and a sink node 12 is arranged at the center of every 10 sensor nodes 11 to connect the 10 sensor nodes 11 Collected environmental data are aggregated. Wherein, the corresponding relationship between the sensor node 11 and the sink node 12 can be preset, and the data communication between the sensor node 11 and the sink node 12 can be performed in any existing appropriate manner, which is not limited here.

In actual work, sensor nodes 11 installed in various areas of the forest collect environmental data at the current location, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and other data, and wirelessly transmit them to their corresponding sink nodes 12. Subsequently, when the drone 21 When approaching the sink node 12 , the sink node 12 will transmit the aggregated environmental data to the drone 21 . The proximity mentioned here means that the drone 21 arrives within the communication range of the communication network where the sink node 12 is located. Subsequently, the drone 21 arrives within the communication range of the communication network where the remote monitoring center 3 is located, and transmits the collected environmental data to the remote monitoring center 3 .

It should be noted that most of the monitored areas such as large-scale agriculture and forestry deviate from the city, and the cellular network cannot cover the monitored area. Therefore, the data collected in the monitored area needs to be intermediately transmitted by the drone 21 .

Further, please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor node provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The sensor node 11 in this embodiment includes a main control chip 111 and a GPS unit 112 connected to the main control chip 111 , a wind speed sensor 113 , a dust sensor 114 , an air pressure sensor 115 , a temperature sensor 116 and a humidity sensor 117 , wherein the GPS unit 112 uses for acquiring the location information of the sensor node 11; the wind speed sensor 113, the dust sensor 114, the air pressure sensor 115, the temperature sensor 116 and the humidity sensor 117 are respectively used to collect the wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current location; The main control chip 111 is used to send the location information, wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data to the sink node 12 together.

In other embodiments, the sensor node 11 may further include other measuring devices or sensors to measure other parameter data of the current area according to actual needs, which is not limited here.

In this embodiment, the main control chip 111 is a single-chip microcomputer.

Further, the sensor node 11 in this embodiment further includes a solar power supply unit 118 , and the output ends of the solar power supply module 118 are respectively connected to the main control chip 111 , the GPS unit 112 , the wind speed sensor 113 , the dust sensor 114 , the air pressure sensor 115 , and the temperature sensor 116 . The humidity sensor 117 is used to supply power to the main control chip 111 and each sensor. In this embodiment, solar energy is used to supply power to save energy.

Specifically, please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a circuit structure diagram of a solar power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The solar power supply unit 118 of this embodiment includes a solar panel S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, a transistor VT2, a diode VD, Transformer T, rectifier bridge Q and battery E, among which,

The first end of the solar panel S is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, and the second end of the solar panel S is connected to the capacitor The second end of C1, the emitter of triode VT1, the first end of resistor R4, the collector of triode VT2 and the first end of coil L2 of transformer T are grounded;

The second end of the coil L1 is respectively connected with the second end of the resistor R2 and the collector of the triode VT2, and the base of the triode VT2 is respectively connected with the second end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R3 and the collector of the triode VT1, The base of the transistor VT1 is respectively connected to the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, the second end of the diode VD is connected to the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6 respectively, and the second end of the resistor R5 is connected They are respectively connected with pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the positive electrode of the battery E;

The second end of the resistor R6 is connected to the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the battery E respectively, and the pin 1 and pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are respectively connected to the two ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T Connection, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the coil L2.

The solar power supply unit 118 can convert the solar energy collected on the solar panel S into stable electrical energy and store it in the battery E, and the main control chip 111 and each sensor are connected to both ends of the battery E as loads to supply power. Preferably, the battery E is a lithium battery. The circuit structure is simple, and because no chip is used, it is safe and stable, has strong anti-interference, and will not cause damage to the rechargeable battery.

In this embodiment, the sink node 12 is used to temporarily store the collected environmental data and send it to the flight module 2 , that is, to the unmanned aerial vehicle 21 . Specifically, the sink node 12 includes a receiving unit (not shown in the drawings) and a transmitting unit (not shown in the drawings), wherein the receiving unit can receive the position signal transmitted by the UAV 21, when the receiving unit After the unit receives the position signal of the drone 21, it means that the drone 21 has reached the communication range of the communication network where the sink node 12 is located. At this time, the sink node 12 transmits the collected environmental data to the unmanned aerial vehicle through the transmitting unit. machine 21.

Further, the sink node 12 in this embodiment may also include a solar power supply unit such as a solar power supply unit 118 to supply power to each electrical unit in the sink node 12 .

Next, please refer to FIG. 5 , which is a schematic structural diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The UAV 21 of this embodiment includes a communication unit 211, a data storage unit 212, a data processing unit 213 and an image and video acquisition unit 214, wherein the communication unit 211 is used to receive the position information and environmental data from the monitoring module 1; data The storage unit 212 is used to store the location information and the environmental data; the data processing unit 213 is used to determine whether there is abnormal data in the environmental data; the image and video acquisition unit 214 is used to collect images or videos from the area where the abnormal data is obtained, and obtain an image Video data; the communication unit 211 is also used for sending environmental data, location information and image video data to the remote monitoring center 3 .

Specifically, after receiving the environmental data from the sink node 12, the drone 21 checks the environmental data to determine whether there is abnormal data in the data. The abnormal data mentioned here refers to data that exceeds the normal range. If abnormal data occurs, the position information corresponding to the abnormal data is obtained. Then, the drone 21 will sail to the position and collect the image at the position. or video information.

Further, please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a communication unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The communication unit 211 in this embodiment includes a cellular network communication subunit 2111 and an IoT communication subunit 2112, wherein the cellular network communication subunit 2111 is used for data communication with the remote monitoring center 3, and the IoT communication subunit 2112 is used for communication with the remote monitoring center 3. The monitoring module 1 performs data communication.

It should be noted that most of the monitored areas such as large-scale agriculture and forestry deviate from the city, and the cellular network cannot cover the monitoring area. Therefore, the data collected by the sensors in the monitored area cannot be uploaded through the cellular network. In this embodiment, the combination of the sensor subsystem and the terminal of the Internet of Things can realize wireless transmission of the data collected by the sensors in the monitored area, and the monitoring results obtained in this way are often real-time.

Further, please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a data processing unit of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The data processing unit 213 of this embodiment includes a threshold value setting subunit 2131 and a comparison subunit 2132, wherein the threshold value setting subunit 2131 is used to preset the safety of wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data Threshold; the comparison subunit 2132 is used to compare the collected wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data with the corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and send image and video collection to the image and video collection unit 214 when abnormal data is obtained instruction. Subsequently, the image and video collection unit 214 can perform image or video collection of the environment where the abnormal data is located according to the image and video collection instruction.

For example, the temperature safety threshold set in the threshold setting subunit 2131 is 40°C. When the collected ambient temperature in the area where a certain sensor node is located is 45°C, the temperature has exceeded the 40°C safety threshold, indicating that there is an occurrence of The possibility of disasters such as forest fires. At this time, the drone 21 will navigate to this position according to the position information corresponding to the position, and acquire image or video information of the current position through the image and video acquisition unit 214 . Subsequently, the drone 21 transmits the location information, environmental data, and the collected image and video information to the remote monitoring center 3 . The staff located in the remote monitoring center 3 can understand the real situation of the area according to the image and video information, and verify whether there are abnormal problems such as forest fires, so as to quickly respond accordingly.

In this embodiment, the image and video acquisition unit 214 may be a camera, a CCD camera, or the like.

The real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment in this embodiment is based on drones, and can transmit data collected at various locations of the monitored forest to a remote monitoring center, thereby realizing remote monitoring and management of forest ecological environment. When the real-time monitoring system has abnormal data within the threshold range, the image and video acquisition unit mounted on the UAV can collect images or videos of the area where the abnormal data is uploaded and transmit them to the remote monitoring center, so that the captured images or videos can be collected through the captured images or videos. Data View the actual situation in the current area. In addition, the real-time monitoring system uses solar panels to charge the sensor nodes after the DC voltage is converted into a stable voltage by the circuit. The circuit structure is simple, and because no chips are used, it is safe and stable, has strong anti-interference, and does not use any chips. Treat rechargeable batteries for damage.

Embodiment 2

On the basis of the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a real-time monitoring method for a forest ecological environment, and the method is executed by using the real-time monitoring system for a forest ecological environment described in any one of the above embodiments. Please refer to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a real-time monitoring method for a forest ecological environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

The method includes:

S1: Obtain the location information and environmental data of each location of the monitored forest;

S2: Obtain the location information and the environmental data by using the IoT communication sub-unit on the drone;

S3: Use the data processing unit on the UAV to determine whether the acquired environmental data is within the safety threshold, and extract abnormal data;

Specifically, the S3 includes:

Presetting safety thresholds for the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;

Compare the collected wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data with the corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and send the data to the image and video collection unit when abnormal data is obtained Image video capture instructions.

S4: Obtain the image and video information of the area where the abnormal data is located by using the image and video acquisition unit on the acquisition drone;

S5: Send the location information, the environmental data and the image and video information to the remote monitoring center by using the cellular network communication sub-unit on the drone.

Specifically, the sensor nodes arranged at each monitoring point in the forest collect environmental data at the current location, such as location information, wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data, and wirelessly transmit them to their corresponding sink nodes, Subsequently, when the drone is close to the sink node, the sink node will transmit the aggregated environmental data to the drone.

After receiving the environmental data from the aggregation node, the drone will check the environmental data to determine whether there is abnormal data in the data. If abnormal data occurs, the location information corresponding to the abnormal data will be obtained, and the drone will Navigate to that location in the monitored forest and capture image or video information at that location.

Subsequently, the UAV transmits the location information, environmental data, and collected image and video information to the remote monitoring center. The staff located in the remote monitoring center can understand the real situation of the area where the abnormal data is located according to the image and video information, and verify whether there are disasters such as forest fires and sandstorms, so as to quickly respond accordingly.

The real-time monitoring method for forest ecological environment in this embodiment is based on unmanned aerial vehicles, which can transmit data collected at various locations of the monitored forest to a remote monitoring center, thereby realizing remote monitoring and management of forest ecological environment. The real-time monitoring method can judge the data uploaded at different positions in the monitored forest. When abnormal data that is not within the threshold range appears in the current data, the image and video acquisition unit mounted on the UAV can perform image or video recording of the area where the abnormal data is uploaded. The video is collected and transmitted to the remote monitoring center, so that the actual situation of the current area can be viewed through the captured images or video data.

The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A real-time monitoring system for forest ecological environment is characterized by comprising a monitoring module (1), a flight module (2) and a remote monitoring center (3),

the monitoring module (1) comprises a plurality of sensor nodes (11) and a plurality of sink nodes (12), the sensor nodes (11) are laid at each position of the monitored forest and used for acquiring environment data of each position of the monitored forest, and the sink nodes (12) are used for collecting the environment data and sending the environment data to the flight module (2);

the flight module (2) comprises at least one drone (21) for transmitting the environmental data to the remote monitoring center (3).

2. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 1, wherein the sensor node (11) comprises a master control chip (111) and a GPS unit (112), a wind speed sensor (113), a dust sensor (114), a barometric pressure sensor (115), a temperature sensor (116) and a humidity sensor (117) connected to the master control chip (111), wherein,

the GPS unit (112) is used for acquiring the position information of the sensor node (11);

the wind speed sensor (113), the dust sensor (114), the air pressure sensor (115), the temperature sensor (116) and the humidity sensor (117) are respectively used for collecting wind speed data, dust data, air pressure data, temperature data and humidity data of the current position;

the main control chip (111) is used for sending the position information, the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data to the aggregation node (12) together.

3. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 1, characterized in that said unmanned aerial vehicle (21) comprises thereon a communication unit (211), a data storage unit (212), a data processing unit (213) and an image video acquisition unit (214), wherein,

the communication unit (211) is configured to receive the location information and the environmental data from the monitoring module (1);

the data storage unit (212) is used for storing the position information and the environment data;

the data processing unit (213) is used for judging whether abnormal data exist in the environment data;

the image video acquisition unit (214) is used for acquiring images or videos of the area where the abnormal data are acquired when the abnormal data exist, so as to acquire image video data;

the communication unit (211) is further configured to transmit the environmental data, the location information and the image video data to the remote monitoring center (3).

4. A forest ecological environment real-time monitoring system according to claim 3, characterised in that the communication unit (211) comprises a cellular network communication subunit (2111) and an internet of things communication subunit (2112), wherein the cellular network communication subunit (2111) is used for data communication with the remote monitoring centre (3) and the internet of things communication subunit (2112) is used for data communication with the monitoring module (1).

5. Real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems according to claim 3, wherein the data processing unit (213) comprises a threshold setting subunit (2131) and a comparison subunit (2132), wherein,

the threshold setting subunit (2131) is configured to preset safety thresholds for the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data, and the humidity data;

the comparison subunit (2132) is configured to compare the acquired wind speed data, the acquired dust data, the acquired air pressure data, the acquired temperature data, and the acquired humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds, and send an image video acquisition instruction to the image video acquisition unit (214) when abnormal data is obtained.

6. A real-time monitoring system for forest ecosystems as claimed in claim 2, wherein said sensor node (11) further comprises a solar power supply unit (118), and the output end of said solar power supply module (118) is connected to said main control chip (111), said GPS unit (112), said wind speed sensor (113), said dust sensor (114), said air pressure sensor (115), said temperature sensor (116) and said humidity sensor (117), respectively.

7. A forest ecology environment real-time monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that the solar power supply unit (118) comprises solar panels S, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6, a transistor VT1, a transistor VT2, a diode VD, a transformer T, a rectifier bridge Q and a storage battery E, wherein,

a first end of the solar panel S is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the first end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R2 and the first end of the coil L1 of the transformer T, and a second end of the solar panel S is connected to the second end of the capacitor C1, the emitter of the transistor VT1, the first end of the resistor R4, the collector of the transistor VT2 and the first end of the coil L2 of the transformer T and is grounded;

a second end of the coil L1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R2 and a collector of the transistor VT2, a base of the transistor VT2 is connected to the second end of the resistor R1, the first end of the resistor R3 and a collector of the transistor VT1, a base of the transistor VT1 is connected to the second end of the resistor R4 and the first end of the diode VD, a second end of the diode VD is connected to the first end of the resistor R5 and the first end of the resistor R6, and a second end of the resistor R5 is connected to the pin 2 of the rectifier bridge Q, the first end of the capacitor C3 and the anode of the battery E, respectively;

the second end of the resistor R6 is connected with the pin 4 of the rectifier bridge Q, the second end of the capacitor C3 and the negative electrode of the storage battery E respectively, the pin 1 and the pin 3 of the rectifier bridge Q are connected with the two ends of the coil L3 of the transformer T respectively, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected with the first end of the capacitor C2, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the second end of the coil L2.

8. A forest ecological environment real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that said accumulator E is a lithium battery.

9. A real-time monitoring method of forest ecosystems, characterized in that, it is performed by using the real-time monitoring system of forest ecosystems of any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises:

s1: acquiring position information and environmental data of each position of a monitored forest;

s2: acquiring the position information and the environment data by using an Internet of things communication subunit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;

s3: judging whether the acquired environmental data are within a safety threshold value or not by using a data processing unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and acquiring position information of an area where abnormal data are located;

s4: acquiring image video information of an area where the abnormal data is located by using an image video acquisition unit on the unmanned aerial vehicle;

s5: and sending the position information, the environment data and the image video information to the remote monitoring center by utilizing a cellular network communication subunit on an unmanned aerial vehicle.

10. A real-time monitoring method for forest ecosystems as claimed in claim 9, wherein said S3 comprises:

presetting safety threshold values of the wind speed data, the dust data, the air pressure data, the temperature data and the humidity data;

and comparing the collected wind speed data, the collected dust data, the collected air pressure data, the collected temperature data and the collected humidity data with corresponding safety thresholds respectively, and sending an image video collecting instruction to the image video collecting unit when abnormal data are obtained.

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